CN101273735A - Solid fruit antistaling agent and method for preparing the same - Google Patents
Solid fruit antistaling agent and method for preparing the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN101273735A CN101273735A CNA2008100279230A CN200810027923A CN101273735A CN 101273735 A CN101273735 A CN 101273735A CN A2008100279230 A CNA2008100279230 A CN A2008100279230A CN 200810027923 A CN200810027923 A CN 200810027923A CN 101273735 A CN101273735 A CN 101273735A
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- agent
- super absorbent
- absorbent resin
- coldness
- storage
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 125
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 124
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 124
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 108
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000022 bacteriostatic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960002668 sodium chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
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- 235000008180 Piper betle Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004288 Sodium dehydroacetate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940079839 sodium dehydroacetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019259 sodium dehydroacetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- DSOWAKKSGYUMTF-GZOLSCHFSA-M sodium;(1e)-1-(6-methyl-2,4-dioxopyran-3-ylidene)ethanolate Chemical compound [Na+].C\C([O-])=C1/C(=O)OC(C)=CC1=O DSOWAKKSGYUMTF-GZOLSCHFSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 108010064470 polyaspartate Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 abstract 6
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- 229920000247 superabsorbent polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000021022 fresh fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 7
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- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000030523 Catechol oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 2
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- 235000010586 Sophora japonica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a solid fruit preservative and a preparation method thereof. The components of the preservative include super absorbent polymer and cold storage agent which is absorbed in the super absorbent polymer. The preservative can also be added with bacteriostat and is prepared by leading the cold storage agent or the mixed liquid of the cold storage agent and the bacteriostat to be absorbed in the super absorbent polymer. The preservative can also be put in a container made of porous packing materials to form a preservative with porous packing materials, and has the advantages of simple preparation and refreshment methods, convenient operation and long refreshment period, etc. The solid fruit preservative of the invention can lead the fruits such as lichee which are difficult to refresh under normal temperature at present to have a normal temperature refreshment period as long as 8 days, with unchanged color, fragrance, taste and shape, is especially suitable for normal temperature refreshment and low temperature refreshment of lichee and also suitable for the normal temperature refreshment of other fruits and vegetables or low temperature refreshment of other fruits and iced fresh fish.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fruit antistaling agent and preparation method thereof.Belong to field of fruit freshness keeping.
Background technology
For a long time, the fruit freshness preserving technology is always as prolonging the fruit freshness preserving value preserving phase, the key of market contradiction due to alleviating fruit supply exceed demand and dull season, demand exceeds supply term.Fruit freshness preserving is a most important technology carrier in the fruit production, supply and sales.At present, the method for large fruit freshness preserving has: the vacuum nitrogen filling fresh-keeping method---mainly anti-fruit oxidation and rotten; Waxing fresh-keeping method---main anti-dehydration and inhibition respiration; Packs such as Polythene Bag/box---respiration and dehydration mainly suppressed; Agricultural chemicals or chemicals soak and fumigating system---mainly suppress the activity of germ and polyphenol oxidase; Ice temperature or low temperature cold chain fresh-keeping method---mainly suppress respiratory metabolism and microbial activities, or the like.Yet these fresh-keeping methods all have in various degree influence to the color, smell, taste and shape of fruit.With regard to lichee fresh-keeping, what use always in the at present domestic and international lichee fresh-keeping is sulphuring/sour secondary color method or acid treatment/reducing agent method, though these methods have good fresh-keeping effect, but color and taste distortion, sulphur or sour residual amount height have a strong impact on processor and consumer's physical and mental health, the SO that discharges simultaneously
2Or HCl also produces harmful effect to environment; Low temperature cold chain fresh-keeping method is a kind of physical fresh-keeping method, but storing cost height, shelf life is short, and the lichee shelf life that stored and transported by cold chain has only 1-4 hour, and the consumer is difficult to taste the real color, smell and taste of lichee.So it is imperative to open up a kind of new cheap effectively workable fruit normal-temperature fresh-keeping technology.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of solid-state fruit antistaling agent and preparation method thereof.This solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits by with the mass exchange and the energy exchange of fruit freshness preserving environment, reach damping, temperature adjustment, effect such as anticorrosion, can delay the aging of fresh fruit cell and the BA of maintenance fresh fruit cell effectively, the normal-temperature fresh-keeping phase of fruit was reached more than 8 days, and its color, shape remain unchanged.
The composition of solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits of the present invention comprises super absorbent resin and agent for storage of coldness, and agent for storage of coldness is adsorbed in the super absorbent resin; Described each one-tenth is grouped into and content is calculated as by weight: it is that super absorbent resin, Super Absorbent Resin from Cellulose and synthetic resin are one or more in the super absorbent resin that super absorbent resin is selected from starch, and total content is 0.1-30; Agent for storage of coldness is selected from one or more or the water in the copper sulfate solution that sodium-chloride water solution that concentration is 0.1-5%wt, glycerin solution that concentration is 0.1-5%wt and concentration is 0.1-5%wt, and total content is 10.0-3000.0.
Starch described in the invention described above antistaling agent is that super absorbent resin generally includes: one or more in starch-grafted acrylonitrile high water-absorption resin, starch graft acrylic acid (salt) super absorbent resin, starch graft acrylamide super absorbent resin, starch graft acrylic acid ester super absorbent resin and the sodium alginate etc.; Described Super Absorbent Resin from Cellulose generally includes: one or more in chitosan-based super absorbent resin, cellulose graft acrylic acid super absorbent resin and the cellulose graft acrylamide high water absorption resin etc.; Described synthetic resin is that super absorbent resin generally includes: one or more in polyacrylic acid high water absorptive resin, polyacrylate super absorbent resin, polyacrylonitrile super absorbent resin, polyacrylamide super absorbent resin, polyvinyl alcohol super absorbent resin and the poly-aspartic-acid super absorbent resin etc.Described polyacrylate super absorbent resin is generally the Sodium Polyacrylate super absorbent resin or/and the polyacrylic acid potassium super absorbent resin.
Antistaling agent according to the invention described above, the constituent of super absorbent resin wherein and content thereof calculate by weight and is generally: be selected among starch-grafted acrylonitrile high water-absorption resin 0.1-10.0, carboxymethyl chitosan grafted branch acrylic acid super absorbent resin 0.1-10.0, the Sodium Polyacrylate super absorbent resin 0.1-10.0 one or more, total content is 0.1-30.0.
Antistaling agent according to the invention described above, the constituent of agent for storage of coldness wherein and content thereof calculate by weight and is generally: be selected from concentration and be among the copper sulfate solution 10.0-1000.0 that the sodium-chloride water solution 10.0-1000.0 of 0.1-5%wt, glycerin solution 10.0-1000.0 that concentration is 0.1-5.0%wt and concentration is 0.1-5.0%wt one or more, total content is 10.0-3000.0.
According to the antistaling agent of the invention described above, can also in the constituent of antistaling agent, be added with bacteriostatic agent, bacteriostatic agent and agent for storage of coldness are adsorbed in the super absorbent resin together; The one-tenth of described bacteriostatic agent is grouped into and content is calculated as by weight: be selected among caryophyllus oil 0.1-10.0, betel oil 0.1-20.0, sodium dehydroacetate 0.1-30.0 and the ethanol 0.1-95.0 one or more, total content is 0.1-155.0.
According to the antistaling agent of the invention described above, it can be one of the following (each component content calculates by weight) usually that its concrete one-tenth is grouped into:
1. the constituent of super absorbent resin and content thereof are: starch-grafted acrylonitrile high water-absorption resin 0.1-10.0; The constituent of agent for storage of coldness and content thereof are: concentration is sodium chloride (NaCl) aqueous solution 10.0-1000.0 of 0.1-5.0%wt.
2. the constituent of super absorbent resin and content thereof are: carboxymethyl chitosan grafted branch acrylic acid super absorbent resin 0.1-10.0; The constituent of agent for storage of coldness and content thereof are: concentration is the glycerin solution 10.0-1000.0 of 0.1-5.0%wt.
3. the constituent of super absorbent resin and content thereof are: carboxymethyl chitosan grafted branch acrylic acid super absorbent resin 0.1-10.0, starch-grafted acrylonitrile high water-absorption resin 0.1-10.0; The constituent of agent for storage of coldness and content thereof are: concentration is the copper sulfate solution 10.0-1000.0 of 0.1-5.0%wt.
4. the constituent of super absorbent resin and content thereof are: Sodium Polyacrylate super absorbent resin 0.1-10.0; The constituent of agent for storage of coldness and content thereof are: water 10.0-3000.0.
5. the constituent of super absorbent resin and content thereof are: polyacrylic acid potassium super absorbent resin 0.1-10.0; The constituent of agent for storage of coldness and content thereof are: water 10.0-3000.0; Bacteriostatic agent constituent and content thereof are: betel oil 0.1-20.0.
6. the constituent of super absorbent resin and content thereof are: polyacrylic acid high water absorptive resin 0.1-10.0; The constituent of agent for storage of coldness and content thereof are: water 10.0-3000.0; Bacteriostatic agent constituent and content thereof are: sodium dehydroacetate 0.1-30.0.
7. the constituent of super absorbent resin and content thereof are: polyacrylic acid high water absorptive resin 0.1-10.0; The constituent of agent for storage of coldness and content thereof are: water 10.0-3000.0; Bacteriostatic agent constituent and content thereof are: sodium dehydroacetate 0.1-30.0, betel oil 0.1-20.0.
8. the constituent of super absorbent resin and content thereof are: Sodium Polyacrylate super absorbent resin 0.1-10.0; The constituent of agent for storage of coldness and content thereof are: water 10.0-3000.0; Bacteriostatic agent constituent and content thereof are: sodium dehydroacetate 0.1-30.0, betel oil 0.1-20.0, ethanol 0.1-95.0.
9. the constituent of super absorbent resin and content thereof are: carboxymethyl chitosan grafted branch acrylic acid super absorbent resin 0.1-10.0, polyacrylic acid (salt) super absorbent resin 0.1-10.0; The constituent of agent for storage of coldness and content thereof are: water 10.0-3000.0.
10. the constituent of super absorbent resin and content thereof are: Sodium Polyacrylate super absorbent resin 0.1-10.0, starch-grafted acrylonitrile high water-absorption resin 0.1-10.0; The constituent of agent for storage of coldness and content thereof are: water 10.0-3000.0; Bacteriostatic agent constituent and content thereof are: sodium dehydroacetate 0.1-30.0, betel oil 0.1-20.0, ethanol 0.1-95.0.
11. the constituent of super absorbent resin and content thereof are: Sodium Polyacrylate super absorbent resin 0.1-10.0, starch-grafted acrylonitrile high water-absorption resin 0.1-10.0,, carboxymethyl chitosan grafted branch acrylic acid super absorbent resin 0.1-10.0; The constituent of agent for storage of coldness and content thereof are: water 10.0-3000.0; Bacteriostatic agent constituent and content thereof are: sodium dehydroacetate 0.1-30.0, betel oil 0.1-20.0, ethanol 0.1-95.0.
12. the constituent of super absorbent resin and content thereof are: polyacrylic acid potassium super absorbent resin 0.1-10.0, starch-grafted acrylonitrile high water-absorption resin 0.1-10.0, carboxymethyl chitosan grafted branch acrylic acid super absorbent resin 0.1-10.0; The constituent of agent for storage of coldness and content thereof are: concentration is the copper sulfate solution 10.0-1000.0 that the sodium-chloride water solution 10.0-1000.0 of 0.1-5%wt, glycerin solution 10.0-1000.0 that concentration is 0.1-5.0%wt and concentration are 0.1-5.0%wt; Bacteriostatic agent constituent and content thereof are: sodium dehydroacetate 0.1-30.0, betel oil 0.1-20.0, ethanol 0.1-95.0, caryophyllus oil 0.1-10.0.
13. the constituent of super absorbent resin and content thereof are: Sodium Polyacrylate super absorbent resin 0.1-10.0, carboxymethyl chitosan grafted branch acrylic acid super absorbent resin 0.1-10.0; The constituent of agent for storage of coldness and content thereof are: concentration is the copper sulfate solution 10.0-1000.0 that the sodium-chloride water solution 10.0-1000.0 of 0.1-5%wt, glycerin solution 10.0-1000.0 that concentration is 0.1-5.0%wt and concentration are 0.1-5.0%wt.
The solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits of the invention described above can be prepared from by following method: in proportion described super absorbent resin is added in the mixed liquor (when containing bacteriostatic agent in the composition) of agent for storage of coldness or agent for storage of coldness and bacteriostatic agent, the mixed liquor of agent for storage of coldness or agent for storage of coldness and bacteriostatic agent is adsorbed in the super absorbent resin, promptly obtains required solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits.
Solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits of the present invention can also be made up of above-described antistaling agent and porous packaging material, and above-described antistaling agent is loaded in the container that the porous packaging material make.
Use porous packaging material can more help the solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits and the fruit freshness preserving environment carries out effective substances exchange and energy exchange, reach the purpose of damping, temperature adjustment and anti-corrosive fresh-keeping better.
Paper, nonwoven or fiber cloth etc. that described porous packaging material can be porous ceramics, cellular plastic (can be PE material or PP material etc.), filter cotton paper, the band micropore can be breathed freely; Described container can be a bag shape, box-like, sphere or irregular shape etc.The specification of container: bag shape is generally long 0.02m-20.00m, wide 0.02m-20.00m; Other shape is generally long 0.02m-20.00m, wide 0.02m-20.00m, high 0.02m-0.50m.
The above-mentioned solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits that has the porous packaging material can be prepared from by one of following method:
Method one may further comprise the steps:
(1) in proportion super absorbent resin is packed in the container that the porous packaging material make, seal standby;
(2) mixed liquor that container that the porous packaging material of super absorbent resin make is put into agent for storage of coldness or agent for storage of coldness and bacteriostatic agent step (1) has been equipped with; The mixed liquor of agent for storage of coldness or agent for storage of coldness and bacteriostatic agent is adsorbed in the super absorbent resin, promptly obtains required solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits.
Usually, the mass ratio of the mixed liquor of described super absorbent resin and agent for storage of coldness or agent for storage of coldness and bacteriostatic agent is preferably 1: (10.0-500.0), its concrete determination of ratio does not flow out absorb the mixed liquor of agent for storage of coldness or agent for storage of coldness and bacteriostatic agent with super absorbent resin after, and is the solid-state degree that is.
Method two may further comprise the steps:
(1) in proportion super absorbent resin is added agent for storage of coldness or agent for storage of coldness and bacteriostatic agent mixed liquor in, the mixed liquor of agent for storage of coldness or agent for storage of coldness and bacteriostatic agent is adsorbed in the super absorbent resin;
(2) super absorbent resin of step (1) Adsorption Cold Storage agent or agent for storage of coldness and bacteriostatic agent mixed liquor is packed in the container that the porous packaging material make, seal, promptly get required solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits.
When containing bacteriostatic agent in the composition of described antistaling agent, can also adopt following preparation method, step comprises:
(1) super absorbent resin and bacteriostatic agent are mixed in proportion, in the container that the porous of packing into packaging material are made, seal standby;
(2) agent for storage of coldness is added in the step (1) in proportion, agent for storage of coldness is adsorbed in the super absorbent resin, promptly get required solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits.
Existing super absorbent resin (being called for short SAR) or title high water absorbency polymer (being called for short SAP), typically refer to and have three-dimensional cross-linked network structure, have on the molecular backbone strong absorptive group-COOH ,-CONH2 ,-OH etc., suction multiple height, water holding capacity is strong, and the water swelling type high molecular polymer of the not easy-to-use mechanical means separation of the water that absorbs.Comprise that mainly starch is that super absorbent resin, Super Absorbent Resin from Cellulose, synthetic resin are super absorbent resin three big series.Antistaling agent of the present invention does not have special requirement to described super absorbent resin, has in physiological saline the suction multiple usually more than or equal to 10 times super absorbent resin, may be used to antistaling agent of the present invention.When used super absorbent resin is more than one, can arbitrary proportion between the various super absorbent resins.
Agent for storage of coldness in the antistaling agent of the present invention is to absorb a large amount of heat when utilizing the latent heat principle of material to undergo phase transition and material that environment temperature is reduced under normal temperature (temperature under the nature), is also referred to as phase change cold accumulating agent.When used agent for storage of coldness is more than one, can arbitrary proportion between them.
Bacteriostatic agent in the antistaling agent of the present invention is to design at storage disease peronospora tabacina, sour rot and the anthracnose etc. of fruit.
Antistaling agent of the present invention is from BA that keeps fresh fruit cell and the aging that delays fresh fruit cell, and by building the suitable environment that fresh fruit cell is depended on for existence, the resistance against disadvantage that improves fruit self reaches the normal-temperature fresh-keeping target.Solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits of the present invention is by under normal temperature condition, the vapour pressure that agent for storage of coldness or agent for storage of coldness and bacteriostatic agent produce, carry out mass exchange and energy exchange with the fruit freshness preserving environment, thereby reach temperature adjustment, damping, antibacterial etc. be used for keeping the BA of fresh fruit cell, and then reach the fresh-keeping effect of fruit; And be different from present fruit preservation method: the activity of various enzymes such as enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase in inhibition or destruction or the passivation cell, or under anoxic or few oxygen condition, mandatory anti-oxidant, anti-dehydration, anti-germ and the effect of reduction fruits respiratory; Neither reduce the field heat and the respiration heat of lichee by forcing precooling; More not to utilize SO
2Or the anthocyanin generation addition reaction of HCl or external source pH value and fruit fixes pigment etc.Antistaling agent of the present invention is under the non-sealing condition of natural normal temperature, is suitable for keeping the microenvironment of fresh fruit cell BA to reach fresh-keeping purpose by creation.Therefore, through the fresh-keeping fruit of antistaling agent of the present invention, its color, shape and nutritional quality can remain unchanged.
Solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits of the present invention have the preparation and preservation method simple, easy to operate, advantages such as long fresh-keeping period.Evidence, solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits of the present invention can make at present that the normal-temperature fresh-keeping phase of the fruit such as lichee of extremely difficult normal-temperature fresh-keeping reached more than 8 days, and its color, shape remain unchanged.
Solid-state antistaling agent of the present invention is adapted to lichee normal-temperature fresh-keeping and preservation by low temperature especially, also is applicable to the normal-temperature fresh-keeping of other fruits and vegetables or the preservation by low temperature of other fruit and ice fresh fish.
The specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment and test example the present invention is done a step explanation.
The one-tenth of each embodiment of solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits of the present invention be grouped into and proportioning as shown in table 1; Wherein embodiment 2,4, and 8,11,12,15,17 and 20 antistaling agent has the porous packaging material.The composition of A-K representative is respectively in the table 1: A: starch-grafted acrylonitrile high water-absorption resin, B: carboxymethyl chitosan grafted branch acrylic acid super absorbent resin, C: Sodium Polyacrylate super absorbent resin, D: sodium chloride (NaCl), E: glycerine, F: copper sulphate (CuSO
4), G: water (H
2O), H: caryophyllus oil, I: betel oil, J: sodium dehydroacetate, K: ethanol.Sodium chloride in the table 1, glycerine and copper sulphate are made into sodium-chloride water solution, glycerin solution and copper sulfate solution with water respectively.
Each component content (proportioning) of each embodiment calculates by weight.The preparation method of the solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits of each embodiment as previously described.
Table 2 is result of the tests that the fresh-keeping effect of solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits of the present invention is tested routine 1-8.Test example 1 to 8 used solid-state antistaling agent is respectively the embodiment of the invention 2,4 in the table 2, and 8,11,12,15,17,20 antistaling agent (referring to table 1).
The test method of each test example is as follows:
1. test material
The used lichee fruit material of each test example comprises: March red, Chinese scholartree branch, glutinous rice wrapped in lotus leaves, imperial concubine laugh at, distinguish the flavor of in osmanthus, deceives leaf, white sugar small-mouthed jar.
2. processing method
Select the lichee material of no disease and pest to carry out the processing of following four kinds of normal-temperature fresh-keepings (20-36 ℃) method respectively:
(1), bamboo basket/leaf packing is handled: in the bamboo basket bottom with put into fresh leaf all around, fresh litchi under adopting on the tree is put into basket, above topped fresh leaf, carry out room temperature storage, color, the shape of the investigating lichee fruit rate of becoming reconciled reaches freshness date more than 90%.
(2), bubble chamber/curling stone packing is handled: (preparation method of curling stone is generally: with plastics kettle or mineral water bottle or beverage bottle will to set the bubble chamber that fresh litchi under adopting puts into built-in curling stone, install running water, the freezer of putting into-20 ℃ freezed about 20 hours, can be standby with the water freezing in the kettle), the mass ratio of fresh litchi and curling stone was by 3: 1, build the foam case lid and seal with sealing tape, carry out room temperature storage, color, the shape of investigating lichee since the 3rd day fruit rate of becoming reconciled reaches freshness date more than 90%.
(3), sulphuring/sour secondary color packing is handled: the fresh litchi that will set under adopting is put into the sulphuring device, with sulfur fumigation (S (burning)+O
2=SO
2↑) disappearing to lichee pericarp from cerise becomes till the white, uses acid (HCL, H again
2SO
4Deng) soak secondary color (becoming kermesinus) by white, after drying up, carry out room temperature storage in the die cut box of packing into, color, the shape of the investigating lichee fruit rate of becoming reconciled reaches freshness date more than 90%.
(4), solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits packing is handled: the solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits is put into carton or plastic box bottom, put into the cardboard of porous or the single fruit pallet of porous in the above, the fresh litchi that to set again under adopting is directly put into the case that is lined with cardboard or single fruit pallet, around the case and lid punching, carry out room temperature storage, color, the shape of the investigating lichee fruit rate of becoming reconciled reaches freshness date more than 90%.
3. effect assessment
Look----is estimated with browning index by fruit colour.Browning index is pressed methods such as Song Guangquan, and (Zhong Kai agricultural technology journal, 2002,15 (3): 1-7), fruit colour is divided into 5 grades, good fruit rate is calculated and is estimated by browning index≤2.
Fragrant----sensory evaluation.Feature fragrance with ripe lichee.
Flavor----sensory evaluation.Good taste, the moisture content abundance, sweet and sour taste has the lichee local flavor.
Shape----is estimated with weight-loss ratio.Weight-loss ratio is pressed weighing method and is calculated.Weight-loss ratio≤2%, for " shape " good; It is better for " shape " that weight-loss ratio reaches 2%-4%; Weight-loss ratio 〉=5% thinks that then " shape " is bad.
Use solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits of the present invention to compare as can be seen from above-mentioned test example and have following advantage (referring to table 2) with traditional lichee normal-temperature fresh-keeping method:
Solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits of the present invention is fresh-keeping, and method is simple, and is easy to operate, and freshness date can reach more than 8 days, the longlyest reaches 15 days, and its color, smell, taste and shape nature, is applicable to the normal temperature remote sale.And bamboo basket/leaf fresh-keeping, though the color, smell, taste and shape nature, fresh keeping time is short, and is perishable rotten, freshness date only about 2 days, only is suitable for closely selling usually.Bubble chamber/curling stone fresh-keeping, owing to be added with the curling stone precooling, bubble chamber need pack, but because of the respiration of lichee, fruit temperature is from first day about 9 ℃, and can reach more than 36 ℃ by the 3rd day, the temperature inside the box luffing is big, and causes the fruit anaerobic metabolism to produce vinosity and CO
2Poison, after especially unpacking, respiration of fruits effect aggravation and dehydration rapidly, shelf life only has several decimals usually.The preparation of this method curling stone power consumption, fresh-keeping cost height, and its color, smell, taste and shape owe nature, only about 4 day, find a good sale in have a big risk usually by storing for freshness date.Sulphuring/sour secondary color is fresh-keeping, though freshness date is more than 8 days or 8 days, is applicable to long-distance storing and sale, and operation sequence is many, and " degree " of sulphuring and sour secondary color is restive, easily causes SO
2Exceed standard, during sour secondary color, endocarp is reddened and pulp painted, " color, smell, taste and shape " distortion of litchi fruits.Simultaneously, in process, also environment is produced serious influence.
The one-tenth of each embodiment of table 1. is grouped into and content (proportioning)
Table 2. is respectively tested the test effect-lichee normal-temperature fresh-keeping (20-38 ℃) of routine various processing
Claims (11)
1. a solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits is characterized in that the composition of this antistaling agent comprises super absorbent resin and agent for storage of coldness, and agent for storage of coldness is adsorbed in the super absorbent resin; Described each one-tenth is grouped into and content is calculated as by weight: it is that super absorbent resin, Super Absorbent Resin from Cellulose and synthetic resin are one or more in the super absorbent resin that super absorbent resin is selected from starch, and total content is 0.1-30.0; Agent for storage of coldness is selected from one or more or the water in the copper sulfate solution that sodium-chloride water solution that concentration is 0.1-5.0%wt, glycerin solution that concentration is 0.1-5.0%wt and concentration is 0.1-5.0%wt, and total content is 10-3000.
2. according to the described antistaling agent of claim 1, it is characterized in that described starch is that super absorbent resin comprises: one or more in starch-grafted acrylonitrile high water-absorption resin, starch graft acrylic acid (salt) super absorbent resin, starch graft acrylamide super absorbent resin, starch graft acrylic acid ester super absorbent resin and the sodium alginate; Described Super Absorbent Resin from Cellulose comprises: one or more in chitosan-based super absorbent resin, cellulose graft acrylic acid super absorbent resin and the cellulose graft acrylamide high water absorption resin; Described synthetic resin is that super absorbent resin comprises: one or more in polyacrylic acid high water absorptive resin, polyacrylate super absorbent resin, polyacrylonitrile super absorbent resin, polyacrylamide super absorbent resin, polyvinyl alcohol super absorbent resin and the poly-aspartic-acid super absorbent resin.
3. according to the described antistaling agent of claim 1, the constituent and the content thereof that it is characterized in that super absorbent resin wherein are calculated as by weight: be selected among starch-grafted acrylonitrile high water-absorption resin 0.1-10.0, carboxymethyl chitosan grafted branch acrylic acid super absorbent resin 0.1-10.0, the polyacrylate super absorbent resin 0.1-10.0 one or more, total content is 0.1-30.0.
4. according to the described antistaling agent of claim 1, the constituent and the content thereof that it is characterized in that agent for storage of coldness wherein are calculated as by weight: be selected from concentration and be among the aqueous solution 10.0-1000.0 of the copper sulphate that the sodium-chloride water solution 10.0-1000.0 of 0.1-5.0%wt, glycerin solution 10.0-1000.0 that concentration is 0.1-5.0%wt and concentration is 0.1-5.0%wt one or more, total content is 10.0-3000.0.
5. according to the described antistaling agent of one of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that being added with bacteriostatic agent in the constituent of antistaling agent, bacteriostatic agent and agent for storage of coldness are adsorbed in the super absorbent resin together; The one-tenth of described bacteriostatic agent is grouped into and content is calculated as by weight: be selected among caryophyllus oil 0.1-10.0, betel oil 0.1-20.0, sodium dehydroacetate 0.1-30.0 and the ethanol 0.1-95.0 one or more, total content is 0.1-155.
6. a solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits is characterized in that this antistaling agent by claim 1, and 2,3,4 or 5 described antistaling agents and porous packaging material are formed, claim 1, and 2,3,4 or 5 described antistaling agents are loaded in the container that the porous packaging material make.
7. according to the described antistaling agent of claim 6, it is characterized in that described porous packaging material are paper, nonwoven or the fiber cloth that porous ceramics, cellular plastic, filtration cotton paper, band micropore can be breathed freely; Described container is bag shape, box-like, sphere or irregular shape.
8. claim 1,2,3, the preparation method of 4 or 5 described solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits, it is characterized in that in proportion described super absorbent resin being added in the mixed liquor of agent for storage of coldness or agent for storage of coldness and bacteriostatic agent, the mixed liquor of agent for storage of coldness or agent for storage of coldness and bacteriostatic agent is adsorbed in the super absorbent resin, promptly obtains required solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits.
9. the preparation method of claim 6 or 7 described solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) in proportion super absorbent resin is packed in the container that the porous packaging material make, seal standby;
(2) mixed liquor that container that the porous packaging material of super absorbent resin make is put into agent for storage of coldness or agent for storage of coldness and bacteriostatic agent step (1) has been equipped with; The mixed liquor of agent for storage of coldness or agent for storage of coldness and bacteriostatic agent is adsorbed in the super absorbent resin, promptly obtains required solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits.
10. the preparation method of claim 6 or 7 described solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) in proportion super absorbent resin is added in the mixed liquor of agent for storage of coldness or agent for storage of coldness and bacteriostatic agent, the mixed liquor of agent for storage of coldness or agent for storage of coldness and bacteriostatic agent is adsorbed in the super absorbent resin;
(2) super absorbent resin of step (1) Adsorption Cold Storage agent or agent for storage of coldness and bacteriostatic agent mixed liquor is packed in the container that the porous packaging material make, seal, promptly get required solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits.
11. the preparation method of the described solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits of claim 5 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) super absorbent resin and bacteriostatic agent are mixed in proportion, in the container that the porous of packing into packaging material are made, seal standby;
(2) agent for storage of coldness is added in the step (1) in proportion, agent for storage of coldness is adsorbed in the super absorbent resin, promptly get required solid water fresh-keeping agent of fruits.
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| CNA2008100279230A CN101273735A (en) | 2008-05-07 | 2008-05-07 | Solid fruit antistaling agent and method for preparing the same |
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| CN106578018A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-04-26 | 余骋怀 | Fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent |
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Effective date of registration: 20081226 Address after: Department of chemistry and chemical engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 24 East Sha Street, Guangdong, Guangzhou Province, China: 510225, Applicant after: Song Guangquan Co-applicant after: ZHONGKAI University OF AGRICULTURE AND ENGINEERING Address before: Department of chemistry and chemical engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 24 East Sha Street, Guangdong, Guangzhou Province, China: 510225, Applicant before: Song Guangquan |
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Open date: 20081001 |