CN101261117A - Strain sensor based on porous microstructure optical fiber - Google Patents

Strain sensor based on porous microstructure optical fiber Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101261117A
CN101261117A CNA2008100362596A CN200810036259A CN101261117A CN 101261117 A CN101261117 A CN 101261117A CN A2008100362596 A CNA2008100362596 A CN A2008100362596A CN 200810036259 A CN200810036259 A CN 200810036259A CN 101261117 A CN101261117 A CN 101261117A
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Prior art keywords
porous microstructure
optical fiber
strain
microstructure optical
fiber
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CNA2008100362596A
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Inventor
王允韬
蔡海文
耿健新
瞿荣辉
方祖捷
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Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of CAS
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Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of CAS
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Abstract

The strain sensor based on the porous microstructure optical fiber is characterized by comprising a light source, a lead-in single-mode optical fiber, the porous microstructure optical fiber, a lead-out single-mode optical fiber and a photoelectric detector which are sequentially connected in series, wherein the porous microstructure optical fiber is a pure quartz fiber core surrounded by a circle of fan-shaped air holes, and the edge of the fiber core is of a ratchet-shaped structure. The invention can measure the tensile, bending and torsional strain and has the advantages of high sensitivity, high temperature resistance and electromagnetic radiation resistance.

Description

Strain transducer based on porous microstructure optical fibre
Technical field
The invention belongs to sensing technology, is a kind of strain transducer based on porous microstructure optical fibre, can be applied to static and dynamic radially, axially, the sensing of distortion, bending strain and stress.
Background technology
Fibre Optical Sensor all has broad prospect of application owing to have that anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, highly sensitive, electrical insulating property is good, safe and reliable, corrosion-resistant, can constitute plurality of advantages such as optical fiber sensor network in each fields such as industry, agricultural, biologic medical, national defence.
Fibre optic strain sensor has several like this technical schemes at present haply, comprise Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (FiberBragg Grating, abbreviate FBG as), long-period gratings (Long Period Grating, abbreviate LPG as), Mach-Zehnder interferometer (Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, abbreviate MZ-I as) and optical fiber Sagnac ring etc., although its structure is had nothing in common with each other, in fact all be based on and interfere relevant principle.In multimode optical fiber, because different communication modes has different propagation constants, the mutual interference between pattern also can be applicable to the sensing of strain.Utilize the pattern in the multimode optical fiber to interfere the realization strain sensing that the multiple technologies route is arranged, one of them method commonly used is single mode-multi-mode-single mode optical fiber structure (single mode-multimode-single mode fiber is designated hereinafter simply as SMS).Just multimode optical fiber is serially connected between two single-mode fibers, wherein a single-mode fiber is in order to import light field, and an other single-mode fiber is in order to derive light field.In the SMS optical fiber structure, owing to can have a more than transmission mode in the multimode optical fiber, the effect of interfering mutually between the pattern can cause light field to form comparatively complicated space distribution at the endpiece of optical fiber, and this distribution is commonly referred to as speckle.Simultaneously, because the fibre core aperture of deriving single-mode fiber is less than multimode optical fiber, speckle energy that can only receiving unit, and the shape of speckle and position can change along with lambda1-wavelength, so whole SMS optical fiber structure has uneven transmission spectrum.The transmitance of spectrum is vibrated up and down with wavelength, and its cycle is relevant with the length of multimode optical fiber.Multimode optical fiber is applied strain, and therefore each transmission mode all can change, and cause the space distribution of speckle to produce respective change, thereby the transmission spectrum of total also has respective change.If use monochromatic source or multilongitudianl-mode laser light source, the change of transmission spectrum will cause the variation of emergent light power, detects this optical power change and can realize strain sensing.
The research of the new optical fiber of a class in recent years,---microstructured optical fibers becomes a focus.Exist the airport that much passes through whole fiber lengths in microstructured optical fibers, the leaded light mechanism of microstructured optical fibers just relies on the quartzy microstructure of this air.At present, in the research that has launched some explorations aspect the microstructured optical fibers ess-strain amount sensing, there are FBG and the LPG in the photonic crystal fiber, multi-core fiber or the like in the major technology path.
One of technology formerly, [Optical Fiber Communication Conference such as Byung Hyuk Park, 2005.Technical Digest.OFC/NFOEC 4:3-5] in photonic crystal fiber, write LPG, install in this when applying strain, the position of the resonance peak of LPG can change with strain, but the direction that changes is different with LPG in the ordinary optic fibre.Although this unique phenomenon has potential using value, compared with prior art, advantage is also not obvious.
Formerly two of technology, [Smart Mater.Struct., 2000,9:132-140] such as P M Blanchard utilizes the relative position of several hot spots of multi-core fiber to realize the sensing of two-dimentional dependent variable, but the rule that facula position changes is comparatively complicated, brings difficulty to demodulation.
Formerly three of technology, [APPLIED OPTICS, 2007,46:2516-2519] such as Yu Liu utilizes graded index (the SMS-Based optical fiber structure realized strain and temperature sensing for Graded Index, GI) multimode optical fiber.But the transmission spectrum of its device is more smooth, and shock range approximately has only 0.4dB, and its concussion cycle is bigger, reaches tens nanometers, so sensitivity is not high.
Formerly four of technology, [OPTIC LETTERS, 2006,313:305-307] such as Joel Villatoro utilizes the index guide structure type photonic crystal fiber of fused biconical taper, and the SMS-Based optical fiber structure has been realized strain sensing.The advantage of this structure is that the transmission spectrum shock range is big, and the concussion cycle is little, so sensitivity is higher.This device is insensitive to temperature variation simultaneously, has avoided influence of temperature variation.But its used photonic crystal fiber price is comparatively expensive, and its fused biconical taper technology is difficult to control.
A kind of in the porous microstructure optical fibre is so-called shaddock optical fiber, being characterized as of this optical fiber: the macropore of a circle around fibre core arranged in covering, the shape in hole can be circular also can be to approach fan-shaped shape, the number in hole does not wait to tens from several, because the shape of cross section of optic fibre similarly is the shaddock that cuts, so name shaddock optical fiber, as shown in Figure 1.The fibre core of shaddock optical fiber can be a fiber core with single-mold of mixing germanium, also can be the pure quartzy multimode fibre core that constitutes.Because the airport size in the covering is bigger, can in microstructured optical fibers, inject liquid and polymkeric substance easily to form some property, such as adjustable double refraction, attenuator or the like function, also test substance can be injected the hole of microstructured optical fibers, realize gas phase or liquid phase substance sensing.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned technology formerly, a kind of strain transducer based on porous microstructure optical fibre is provided, this strain transducer can be measured various types of strains as stretching, bending, torsional strain etc., should have the advantage of highly sensitive, high temperature resistant and anti-electromagnetic-radiation.,
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of strain transducer based on porous microstructure optical fibre, be characterized in by light source, importing single-mode fiber, porous microstructure optical fibre, derivation single-mode fiber and the photodetector of polyphone constitute successively, described porous microstructure optical fibre is to have the cingens pure silica core of a fan-shaped airport of circle, and the edge of fibre core presents the ratchet-like structure.
The coupling part of described porous microstructure optical fibre and single-mode fiber is welding, or square butt joint.
Described light source is single longitudinal mode or many longitudinal modes light source.
The structure of described porous microstructure optical fibre microstructured optical fibers is the cingens pure silica core of a fan-shaped airport of circle as shown in Figure 1, and the edge of fibre core presents unique ratchet-like structure.The leaded light mechanism of this optical fiber is based on the total internal reflection on the quartzy air interface, because the refringence very big (about 0.45) of quartzy and air, and the refringence between fibre core and covering only has 0.003 in the general optical fiber, therefore, for the light wave of identical wavelength and the fibre core of same diameter, the waveguide normalized frequency of this optical fiber is much larger than ordinary optic fibre.At near-infrared band, this optical fiber can hold extremely many transmission modes, and it is thousands of that its number can reach.In addition, the fiber core cross section of this optical fiber has unique ratchet-like edge, and the optical waveguide border of this special shape makes the almost distribution of each communication mode on xsect all very complicated.Number has the result that communication mode that complex space distributes interferes mutually greatly and has caused the speckle of microstructured optical fibers more in small, broken bits with respect to common step and graded index multimode fiber.So the transmission spectrum shock range of microstructured optical fibers is very big, can reach more than the 10dB, the cycle of shaking simultaneously is littler, has only 1/tens of the common multimode optical fiber of same length.When microstructured optical fibers was applied strain, the propagation distance of light wave in the propagation constant of each pattern and the optical fiber comprised total propagation distance, and propagation distance distribution radially all can change thereupon.For the injection light of certain fixed frequency or the many longitudinal modes light source with several fixed frequencies, a small strain will allow the power that sees through of device that very big change takes place, and surveying this optical power change just can the demodulation dependent variable.
Advantage of the present invention and characteristics are:
(1) characteristic of the microstructured optical fibers among the present invention comprises big refringence and ratchet-like optical waveguide border between fibre core and covering, can hold the communication mode of squillion and cause complicated electromagnetic field to distribute.Therefore, Gou Zao fiber stress and strain sensing device have the sensitivity higher than common multimode optical fiber thus.
(2) the present invention adopts full optical fiber approach, has realized insulation isolation detection, can be applicable to the sensing of high voltage, high-intensity magnetic field.
(3) the used microstructured optical fibers of the present invention is pure quartzy air structure, does not mix in the fibre core, can at high temperature not produce the phenomenon that alloy runs off as ordinary optic fibre, is specially adapted to the high temperature occasion.
(4) with respect to the stress and the strain sensing device that use photonic crystal fiber, the microstructured optical fibers price that the present invention uses is comparatively cheap, helps applying.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional structure of microstructured optical fibers
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that the present invention is based on the strain transducer of porous microstructure optical fibre
Fig. 3 be the present invention the strain kind synoptic diagram that can respond
Fig. 4 is an Application Example 1--microstructured optical fibers tensile strain sensor synoptic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 5 is an Application Example 2--microstructured optical fibers bending strain sensor synoptic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 6 is an Application Example 3--microstructured optical fibers torsional strain sensor synoptic diagram of the present invention
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, and Dan Buying limits protection scope of the present invention with this.
See also Fig. 2 earlier, as seen from the figure, the strain transducer that the present invention is based on porous microstructure optical fibre is by light source 1, importing single-mode fiber 2, porous microstructure optical fibre 3, derivation single-mode fiber 4 and the photodetector 5 of polyphone constitute successively, described porous microstructure optical fibre 3 is to have the cingens pure silica core of a fan-shaped airport of circle, and the edge of fibre core presents the ratchet-like structure.
Strain transducer based on porous microstructure optical fibre shown in Figure 2, the coupling part of described porous microstructure optical fibre and single-mode fiber is welding.Described light source 1 is single longitudinal mode or many longitudinal modes light source.
Fig. 3 be the present invention the strain kind synoptic diagram that can respond, light wave that light source 1 sends spreads into porous microstructure optical fibre 3 through single-mode fiber 2, various forms of strains put on the porous microstructure optical fibre 3, comprise tensile strain, bending strain, torsional strain or the like, the pattern of the exit end speckle field of porous microstructure optical fibre 3 can change along with strain, derive single-mode fiber 4 can only receive certain fixed space zone as a spatial filter luminous energy, can respond the variation of speckle field, light intensity detects with photodetector 5.By the light intensity that records can inverting optical fiber strain.
Fig. 4 is an Application Example 1--microstructured optical fibers tensile strain sensor synoptic diagram of the present invention, the two ends fastener 7 of porous microstructure optical fibre 3 and 8 or tackifier be fixed on the member 6.When tensile strain puts on member 6, porous microstructure optical fibre 3 keeps the strain identical with member 6.Tensile strain can the modifier transmission spectrum shape, but can make transmission spectrum produce translation.For the light source of certain fixed wave length or have many longitudinal modes light source 1 of several fixed wave length, the translation meeting of transmission spectrum causes the variation of device output power.By measuring the variation of deriving single-mode fiber 4 received optical powers, can be finally inversed by the tensile strain of optical fiber, also just obtained the tensile strain of member 6.
Embodiment 2 as shown in Figure 5, porous microstructure optical fibre 3 sticks with glue agent and is fixed on the surface of member 6.When the power that applies perpendicular to the optical fiber direction, member 6 can produce bending strains, and porous microstructure optical fibre 3 keeps the amount of deflection identical with member 6.The existing tensile strain of the strain of porous microstructure optical fibre 3 has bending and shear strain again, and the tensile strain meeting makes transmission spectrum produce translation, and crooked and shear strain meeting causes the shape of transmission spectrum to change.As embodiment 1, utilize single longitudinal mode or many longitudinal modes light source 1, by measuring the variation of deriving single-mode fiber 4 received optical powers, can be finally inversed by the amount of deflection of optical fiber 3, also just obtained the bending strain of member 6.
Embodiment 3 as shown in Figure 6, there is a through hole that passes through whole length at the center of cylindrical member 9, porous microstructure optical fibre 3 passes this through hole and is fixed in wherein.When cylindrical member 9 bears moment of torsion, can produce torsional strain, porous microstructure optical fibre 3 keeps the torsional strain identical with cylindrical member 9, and the torsional strain meeting causes the variation of device transmission spectrum shape.As embodiment 1 and 2, utilize single longitudinal mode or many longitudinal modes light source 1, by measure deriving the variation of single-mode fiber 4 received optical powers, can be finally inversed by the torsional strain of porous microstructure optical fibre 3, torsional strain that also must cicada cylindrical member 9.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of strain transducer based on porous microstructure optical fibre, it is characterized in that by light source (1), importing single-mode fiber (2), porous microstructure optical fibre (3), derivation single-mode fiber (4) and the photodetector (5) of polyphone constitute successively, described porous microstructure optical fibre (3) is to have the cingens pure silica core of a fan-shaped airport of circle, and the edge of fibre core presents the ratchet-like structure.
2, the strain transducer based on porous microstructure optical fibre according to claim 1, the coupling part that it is characterized in that described porous microstructure optical fibre and single-mode fiber is welding, or square butt joint.
3, the strain transducer based on porous microstructure optical fibre according to claim 1 is characterized in that described light source (1) is single longitudinal mode or many longitudinal modes light source.
CNA2008100362596A 2008-04-18 2008-04-18 Strain sensor based on porous microstructure optical fiber Pending CN101261117A (en)

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