CN101253855B - Method for controlling spartina alterniflora instruction with non-petal sonneratia and recovering mangrove forest ecology - Google Patents
Method for controlling spartina alterniflora instruction with non-petal sonneratia and recovering mangrove forest ecology Download PDFInfo
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- CN101253855B CN101253855B CN2008100268715A CN200810026871A CN101253855B CN 101253855 B CN101253855 B CN 101253855B CN 2008100268715 A CN2008100268715 A CN 2008100268715A CN 200810026871 A CN200810026871 A CN 200810026871A CN 101253855 B CN101253855 B CN 101253855B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method of controlling the invasion of spartina alterniflora and restoring the ecological environment of mangrove by adopting the sonneratia apetala. The method is characterized by the steps: (1) pretreating the tidal flat of the spartina alterniflora invasion according to the requirement; (2) preparing the nursery stock of the sonneratia apetala; (3) planting the nursery stock of the sonneratia apetala according to the site condition and the thickness of the spartina alterniflora; (4) supporting and fixing the planted nursery stock; (5) pruning the undergrowth spartina alterniflora and planting the native mangrove after the crown closure and the fade-away or the complete fade-away of the spartina alterniflora. The spartina alterniflora starts the crown closure after a plantation of 1-1.5 years, the native mangrove including bruguiera gymnorrhiza and kandelia candel in the undergrowth of the spartina alterniflora can be planted after the sonneratia apetala gradually recesses to promote the formation of the community of rich biodiversity. The method adopts the fast-growing pioneer species of the sonneratia apetala to compete with the spartina alterniflora for fertilizer, water and sunlight, so as to cause the spartina alterniflora decline or death. The adopted sonneratia apetala has long growth period, large biomass, high stress resistance, easy plantation and good weed-suppressive effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of using pagatpat control system spartina alterniflora loisel invasion and recovering mangrove forest ecological, be applicable to that the control spartina alterniflora loisel encroaches on wetlands such as coastal beach, and recover the beach mangrove ecosystem that encroached on by the spartina alterniflora loisel.Belong to environmental protection technical field.
Background technology
Spartina alterniflora loisel (Spartina altermiflora) originates in the Atlantic Ocean, North America bank, is a kind of perennial gramineous plants of intertidal zone beach growth.Nanjing University in 1979 introduces (with the beach bank protection plant of going bail for) from the U.S., plants experimentally successfully in Jiangsu before this, introduces Fujian in 1980 again, nineteen eighty-two expanding species arrive ground such as Jiangsu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang and Shandong.Because wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, reproduction speed are fast, lack simultaneously natural enemy again, coastal various places spread in the whole nation rapidly, offshore environment, bio-diversity and culture fishery etc. are caused serious harm, many places intrude into primary mangrove area on a large scale simultaneously, cause coastal mangrove ecosystem decline, therefore listed first Alien invasive species list of 16 kinds of China in 2003 in.
People have carried out many-sided research to the invasion of how controlling the spartina alterniflora loisel in recent years, also adopted some concrete methods to control the spartina alterniflora loisel, but effect are very undesirable.Existing main method is as follows:
1, chemical control: utilize " the careless star of rice " to kill spartina alterniflora loisel (Du Wenqin etc., 2006).The magnificent grade (2006) of being permitted in Fujian is sprayed the spartina alterniflora loisel with " beach rice grass removes control agent SP ", and after 2 months, withered of leaf is mashed, and next year plantation mangrove forest allegedly can be received certain effect.The medicine control technology can only be removed the face of land usually with top (Wang Wei etc., 2003), has only by large tracts of land and sprays just comprehensively and can take effect, and application cost height, control effect vary within wide limits, environment is produced very big negative effect.
2, physics is prevented and kill off: Shanghai Chongming Dongtan spartina alterniflora loisel invade the district take to plough, artificial broken, physical measure such as cut off and do the control experiment, some effects are arranged, but must take into full account the factors such as frequency, intensity and season of physical control, could effectively bring into play its physical control effect (Li Hepeng etc., 2007)., give birth to Kandelia candel mangrove etc. slowly by dense planting on the ground at tangent cut locus and carry out mangrove forest and recover by the spartina alterniflora loisel is all cut at Jiangkou, Zhang, Fujian, its effect is still among test (Huang Li, 2007), but that this method is controlled cost is very high.
3, biological control: can gnaw the spartina alterniflora loisel U.S. discovery herbivorous insect leafhopper (Prokelisia marginata) and beautiful spiral shell (Littoraia sp.), can but they be only effectively individual and overwintering survival rate is low to part, still remain research (Silliman as the BIOLOGICAL CONTROL medium; Zieman, 2001).Can Nanjing University's utilization " variety of the landforms hydrology promotes biological substitution " technology impels humidogene dogstail reed to substitute the spartina alterniflora loisel, be used for production practices, still remains to be tested.
In sum, all there is bigger defective in the existing control method of preventing and treating to spartina alterniflora loisel's invasion: control the spartina alterniflora loisel with physical method, efficient is low, cost is high, is difficult to eradicate; Certainly will bring environmental pollution with chemical method; Utilize the biological control method of natural enemy animal, then may bring ecological risk.
Summary of the invention
First purpose of the present invention is for a kind of method of using pagatpat control spartina alterniflora loisel invasion is provided.
Second purpose of the present invention is in order to provide a kind of recovery to be subjected to the method for the beach mangrove forest ecological that the spartina alterniflora loisel invades.
First purpose of the present invention can reach by taking following measure:
The method of utilization pagatpat control spartina alterniflora loisel invasion is characterized in comprising the steps:
1) beach to spartina alterniflora loisel invasion carries out preliminary treatment: to spartina alterniflora loisel's cover degree more than or equal to 50% beach, every 1.0m～1.5m, cut or the binding mode forms the wide passage of 0.1m～1.0m by cutting, promptly the spartina alterniflora loisel in the passage is cut to cut and remove clean or the spartina alterniflora loisel is formed pore belt toward the both sides binding along growth belt; Be not used as preliminary treatment for cover degree less than 50%;
2) prepare the pagatpat nursery stock: select pagatpat bag seedling, height of seedling 60～100cm, nursery stock stalwartness, no damage by disease and insect;
3) the passage plantation pagatpat nursery stock that plantation pagatpat nursery stock: the 1st) forms according to land occupation condition and spartina alterniflora loisel's dense degree, determines that the plantation specification is respectively line-spacing * spacing in the rows=1.5m * 1.0m, 1.5m * 1.5m or 2.0m * 1m during plantation;
4) plantation back auxiliary equipment and management: behind the plantation nursery stock nursery stock is fostered fixingly, can adopt hard bamboo pole or other stiff rod (diameter 1.5cm, length 2m), insert 0.5～0.8m in the soil.
5) after pagatpat closing, spartina alterniflora loisel are disappeared or disappeared fully (disappearing fully after general 3 years), can do sylvan life to pagatpat and prune, plant mangrove of one's native land.
First purpose of the present invention can also reach by taking following measure:
One embodiment of the present invention are: the 2nd) the bag seedling described in the step, adopt plastic film bag to load nursery stock, the size of plastic film bag can be 20cm * 18cm.
One embodiment of the present invention are: the 3rd) step plantation the time, plastic film bag together can be planted in the beach soil together with nursery stock during plantation; If thicker plastic film bag is just torn this plastic film bag plantation again, thin plastic film bag can not torn, directly planted; Can directly partly implant nutritious bag in the soil with hand or little spade.
One embodiment of the present invention are: the 3rd) environmental requirement the during plantation in step: seawater salinity generally should be less than 25 ‰, and temperature is higher than 15 ℃, and ebb back beach surfaces and can plant.
One embodiment of the present invention are: the 3rd) go on foot described land occupation condition, also claim forest site or standing tree habitat; Promptly influence the various external environment conditions such as landforms, weather, soil, the hydrology, biology of the growing of trees or forest, form and physiological activity.
Second purpose of the present invention can reach by taking following measure:
Recovery is subjected to the method for the beach mangrove forest ecological that the spartina alterniflora loisel invades, it is characterized in that: according to preceding method plantation pagatpat, the pagatpat plantation began closing after 1～1.5 year, after treating that the spartina alterniflora loisel progressively fails, carrying out the pagatpat sylvan life prunes, pruning highly is 2.5m, then pagatpat underwood planting native soil mangrove Bruguiera conjugata (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza), autumn eggplant (Kandelia candel), impels to form the more rich group of bio-diversity.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the present invention has used the biological substitution method, promptly utilize in spartina alterniflora loisel's growth district plantation speed and give birth to the pioneer tree species pagatpat, (2～3 years) closing are fast competed fertilizer, water, light with the spartina alterniflora loisel in this pagatpat short period, thereby the spartina alterniflora loisel are failed gradually or death.Thereby obtain the good result that beach mangrove arbor species Ecological Control spartina alterniflora loisel spreads.Because pagatpat vegetative period is long, biomass is big, strong stress resistance, plantation are simple, thus the present invention have cost low, press down the effective outstanding advantage of grass.
2, the applicant has carried out a large amount of previous works before applying for a patent, and as once carried out pagatpat biological substitution spartina alterniflora loisel's experiment in 1999, successfully controls it and spreads and recover mangrove ecosystem.The effect of 2000～2003 years artificial planting pagatpats control spartina alterniflora loisel growth carried out probe research in 2005, the result shows that the method for utilizing pagatpat biological substitution spartina alterniflora loisel can not cause harmful effect to local environment or indigenous plant.
3, the present invention overcome that physics is prevented and kill off, the deficiency of chemical control and biological control spartina alterniflora loisel invasion, avoided environmental pollution and ecological risk, both time saving and energy saving, control efficiency is good, realized again than large economy and ecological benefits.
Embodiment
Repetition test result according to the applicant describes the specific embodiment of the present invention in detail below:
Utilization pagatpat control spartina alterniflora loisel invasion, method is as follows:
1) beach to spartina alterniflora loisel invasion carries out preliminary treatment: to spartina alterniflora loisel's cover degree more than or equal to the beach more than 50%, every 1.0m～1.5m, cut or the binding mode forms the wide passage of 0.1m～1.0m by cutting, promptly the spartina alterniflora loisel in the passage is cut to cut and remove clean or the spartina alterniflora loisel is formed pore belt toward the both sides binding along growth belt; Be not used as preliminary treatment for cover degree less than 50%.
2) prepare the pagatpat nursery stock: select pagatpat bag seedling, the height of seedling 60～100cm of bag seedling, nursery stock stalwartness, no damage by disease and insect; Can adopt plastic film bag or paper bag to load nursery stock, the size of plastic film bag can be 20cm * 18cm.
3) the passage plantation pagatpat nursery stock that plantation pagatpat nursery stock: the 1st) forms according to land occupation condition and spartina alterniflora loisel's dense degree, determines that the plantation specification is 1.5m (line-spacing) * 1.0m (spacing in the rows), 1.5m * 1.5m, 2.0m * 1m during plantation; Big, the closeer place of spartina alterniflora loisel of plantation beach stormy waves, the plantation specification should be closeer; Plastic film bag together can be planted in the beach soil together with nursery stock during plantation; If thicker plastic film bag is just torn this plastic film bag plantation again, thin plastic film bag can not torn, directly planted; Can directly partly implant in the soil nutritious bag with hand or little spade; Environmental requirement during plantation: seawater salinity generally should be less than 25 ‰, and temperature is higher than 15 ℃ (being should not plant winter), and ebb back beach surfaces and can plant; Described land occupation condition also claims forest site or standing tree habitat; In production of forestry, influence the summation of the various external environment conditions such as landforms, weather, soil, the hydrology, biology of the growing of trees or forest, form and physiological activity, be called on the spot.Constitute each factor on the spot, i.e. land occupation condition.
4) plantation back auxiliary equipment and management: behind the plantation nursery stock, foster fixingly with tiny bamboo pole (diameter 1.5cm), it is long that bamboo pole is generally 2m, 0.5～0.8m in the insertion soil; After planting half a year,, should do after-culture if find that plant percent is lower than at 80% o'clock.In 1 year after the plantation,, should in time clear up, should prevent that simultaneously the people is for adopting the sea, destroying seedling or treelet if planting site has a large amount of marine drift rubbish.
5) after pagatpat closing, spartina alterniflora loisel are disappeared or are disappeared fully, can do sylvan life to pagatpat and prune, plant mangrove of one's native land.Generally speaking, the spartina alterniflora loisel is disappeared after 3 years fully.
Recovery is subjected to the method for the beach mangrove forest ecological that the spartina alterniflora loisel invades, according to preceding method plantation pagatpat, the pagatpat plantation began closing after 1～1.5 year, after treating that the spartina alterniflora loisel progressively fails, the pagatpat sylvan life is pruned, pruning highly is 2.5m, then pagatpat underwood planting native soil mangrove Bruguiera conjugata (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza), autumn eggplant (Kandelia candel), impels to form bio-diversity group.
Characteristics of the present invention are to utilize speed to give birth to the good growth characteristics of pioneer tree species pagatpat, and control spartina alterniflora loisel growth spreads, and recovers mangrove forest gradually.
The general year growth rate of the pagatpat of the present invention's plantation can reach more than the 1.5m, plants to begin closing after 1～1.5 year, and spartina alterniflora loisel's cover degree can fail to disappearing below 15% even all after 2～3 years.In October, 2005, (density mostly was that 1.5m * 1.5m) control spartina alterniflora loisel's (Spartina alterniflora) Growth Control situation is tested to 2001～2003 years artificial planting pagatpats (Sonneratia Apetala), pagatpat (crown density are 0.3) for plantation in 2003 does not almost have any influence to spartina alterniflora loisel's cover degree.Under the pagatpat woods (crown density reach 0.65) of plantation in 2002, spartina alterniflora loisel's cover degree and richness obviously reduce; Under the pagatpat woods (crown density are 0.7) of calendar year 2001 plantation, spartina alterniflora loisel's cover degree is almost 0.
In addition, naked beach spartina alterniflora loisel's green grass or young crops do than be spartina alterniflora loisel in the woodss of 5.3,2003 years plantation pagatpats blue or green do more dried than being 6.9 than the green grass or young crops of spartina alterniflora loisel in the pagatpat woods of plantation in 5.7,2002 years.Illustrate that within the specific limits along with the increase of the crown density of pagatpat woods, spartina alterniflora loisel's green grass or young crops does than increase trend is arranged.
Pagatpat of the present invention (Sonneratia apetala), be the mangrove forest arbor species of introducing from Bangladesh in 1985, the height of tree can reach more than 20 meter, year treelet phase, growth rate can reach the above (Liao Baowen etc. of 1.5m, 2004), and cold resistance is better, all can grow from Fujian to Hainan.People such as applicant carried out follow-up study to the ecology influence after its bioecology characteristic and the introduction specially in 2001～2005 years, did not also have evidence to show and can cause ecological invasion.
The present invention also can be used for the control of other meter grass in the The South China coastal beach or careless class.
According to the applicant in 1999～2007 at Zhuhai City's river in Henan Province Australia island large tracts of land spartina alterniflora loisel beach that spreads, the mangrove forest arbor species pagatpat that utilization is introduced substitutes this biological replacement method of spartina alterniflora loisel and controls the denizen invasion, obtain good effect, successfully control with alternative spartina alterniflora loisel, recover about 8000 mu of mangrove forest, and be that pioneer tree species promotes local mangrove to form diversified mangrove forest group at spartina alterniflora loisel's breeding ground with the pagatpat.
In addition, the applicant tested to the effect of 2001～2003 years artificial planting pagatpat control spartina alterniflora loisels growth in October, 2005, and main result is as follows:
(1) along with the increase of the pagatpat crown density of planting, the intensity of illumination that the spartina alterniflora loisel obtains weakens gradually, and the height of spartina alterniflora loisel plant constantly reduces.
(2) along with the increase of the pagatpat plantation time limit, spartina alterniflora loisel's cover degree in its woods and the spartina alterniflora loisel in the naked beach of abundance ratio significantly descend.
(3) pagatpat of calendar year 2001 plantation, its crown density reach at 0.7 o'clock, and spartina alterniflora loisel's frequency is 0, and this moment, the spartina alterniflora loisel almost disappeared, and was replaced by mangrove acanthus basically.
(4), be that spartina alterniflora loisel's fresh weight stem/leaf ratio or dry weight stem/leaf ratio are all along with increase along with the increase of pagatpat woods crown density.When crown density reached 0.7, the spartina alterniflora loisel was owing to be subjected to the restriction of intensity of illumination, and can't grow.
(5), be that spartina alterniflora loisel's fresh weight or dry weight all can reduce along with the increase of pagatpat woods crown density.
From above result, the plantation pagatpat can be controlled spreading of spartina alterniflora loisel effectively, and can recover mangrove ecosystem.Main cause is that the spartina alterniflora loisel is a sun plant, and intensity of illumination does not arrive before the light saturation point, and photosynthesis strengthens with the increase of intensity of illumination and light application time.
Claims (6)
1. the method for utilization pagatpat control spartina alterniflora loisel invasion is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) beach to spartina alterniflora loisel invasion carries out preliminary treatment: to spartina alterniflora loisel's cover degree more than or equal to 50% beach, every 1.0m～1.5m, cut or the binding mode forms the wide passage of 0.1m～1.0m by cutting, promptly the spartina alterniflora loisel in the passage is cut to cut and remove clean or the spartina alterniflora loisel is formed pore belt toward the both sides binding along growth belt; Do not do preliminary treatment for cover degree less than 50%;
2) prepare the pagatpat nursery stock: select pagatpat bag seedling, height of seedling 60～100cm, nursery stock stalwartness, no damage by disease and insect;
3) the passage plantation pagatpat nursery stock that plantation pagatpat nursery stock: the 1st) forms according to land occupation condition and spartina alterniflora loisel's dense degree, determines that the plantation specification is respectively line-spacing * spacing in the rows=1.5m * 1.0m, 1.5m * 1.5m or 2.0m * 1m during plantation;
4) plantation back auxiliary equipment and management: behind the plantation nursery stock nursery stock is fostered fixingly, be about to nursery stock and protect positive back with fixing in the hard bamboo pole insertion soil;
5) disappear to below 15% or after disappearing fully pagatpat closing, spartina alterniflora loisel, pagatpat is done sylvan life prune, plant mangrove of one's native land.
2. the method for utilization as claimed in claim 1 pagatpat control spartina alterniflora loisel invasion is characterized in that: the 2nd) the bag seedling described in the step, adopt plastic film bag or paper bag to load nursery stock, the size of plastic film bag is 20cm * 18cm.
3. the method for utilization as claimed in claim 1 pagatpat control spartina alterniflora loisel invasion is characterized in that: the 3rd) during the plantation in step, during plantation plastic film bag together is planted in the beach soil together with nursery stock; If thicker plastic film bag is just torn this plastic film bag plantation again, thin plastic film bag is not torn, directly planted.
4. the method for utilization as claimed in claim 1 pagatpat control spartina alterniflora loisel invasion is characterized in that: the 3rd) environmental requirement during plantation during the plantation in step: seawater salinity is less than 25 ‰, and temperature is higher than 15 ℃, the plantation of surfacing of ebb back beach.
5. the method for utilization pagatpat control spartina alterniflora loisel as claimed in claim 1 invasion is characterized in that: the 3rd) go on foot described land occupation condition, also claim forest site or standing tree habitat; Promptly influence the various external environment conditions such as landforms, weather, soil, the hydrology, biology of the growing of trees or forest, form and physiological activity.
6. recover to be subjected to the method for the beach mangrove forest ecological that the spartina alterniflora loisel invades, it is characterized in that: according to the described method plantation of the arbitrary claim of aforementioned claim 1 to 5 pagatpat, the pagatpat plantation began closing after 1～1.5 year, after treating that the spartina alterniflora loisel progressively fails, the pagatpat sylvan life is pruned, pruning highly is 2.5m, at pagatpat underwood planting native soil mangrove Bruguiera conjugata Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, autumn eggplant Kandelia candel, impels to form bio-diversity group then.
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| CN2008100268715A CN101253855B (en) | 2008-03-19 | 2008-03-19 | Method for controlling spartina alterniflora instruction with non-petal sonneratia and recovering mangrove forest ecology |
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| CN2008100268715A CN101253855B (en) | 2008-03-19 | 2008-03-19 | Method for controlling spartina alterniflora instruction with non-petal sonneratia and recovering mangrove forest ecology |
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| CN101253855B true CN101253855B (en) | 2011-11-09 |
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Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102057852B (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2012-08-29 | 香港城市大学深圳研究院 | Method for building local mangrove forest on intertidal zone unsuitable for forestation |
| CN102144520A (en) * | 2011-04-21 | 2011-08-10 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | Method for reforming sonneratia apetala pure forest by using ruguiera gymnorrhiza |
| CN102217481B (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2012-09-05 | 集美大学 | Method for biologically and physically preventing and controlling coastal wetland by using spartina alterniflora |
| CN103583179A (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2014-02-19 | 集美大学 | Method for managing spartina alterniflora |
| CN103891578B (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2017-02-01 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Construction and creation method of indigenous mangrove protection forest on foreshore unsuitable for afforestation |
| CN104186273B (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2016-01-27 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | The method of forestation of high salinity deep water seabeach mangrove forest |
| CN104521664B (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2017-06-20 | 中山大学 | The ecological control method of south China forest noxious plant |
| CN104542148B (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2017-09-05 | 中山大学 | The ecological prevention method of south China forest Alien Invasive Plants |
| CN105230412B (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2018-07-27 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | A kind of Spartina alterniflora's biology-physical control method |
| CN106570596B (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2023-08-01 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Community optimization method for low-efficiency water source conservation forest |
| CN106613735A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-10 | 国家***第三海洋研究所 | Mixed planting method for improving carbon fixation capability of mangrove forest vegetation |
| CN112352620A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-02-12 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | Method for promoting succession of artificial forests of sonneratia apetala to local communities |
| CN112673875A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-20 | 广东如春生态集团有限公司 | Method for treating spartina alterniflora by using ecological succession measures for restoring habitat |
| CN115088516B (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2024-04-12 | 海南省智慧环境投资控股有限公司 | Mangrove seedling cultivation system and method |
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