CN101246976B - Lead acid accumulator charging method and charger thereof - Google Patents
Lead acid accumulator charging method and charger thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101246976B CN101246976B CN2008100244763A CN200810024476A CN101246976B CN 101246976 B CN101246976 B CN 101246976B CN 2008100244763 A CN2008100244763 A CN 2008100244763A CN 200810024476 A CN200810024476 A CN 200810024476A CN 101246976 B CN101246976 B CN 101246976B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a lead-acid battery charging method, multiple charging modes are set. In the normal mode, according to battery capacity, charge batteries in multi-stages. The corresponding charger is disclosed which comprising of: high-power switch power supply, switch circuit, impulse charge-discharge circuit, voltage and current detecting circuit, charge mode switch module and micro-processor. Comparing to present technique, the present invention sets multiple charge modes, charges in multi-stages, meets the charge requirement in all different conditions furthest, and benefits for prolonging the service life of lead-acid battery. The pulse charge-discharge circuit of present invention realizes discharge energy circumfluence by capacitance serial-parallel conversion, uses high inductance converting steep wave pulse to ladder-type pulse, comparing to traditional pulse charge-discharge circuit using big resistance charge and discharge, reduces the energy loss and loss of rapid pulse to lead-acid battery electrode slices.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the charging method and the charger thereof of lead acid accumulator.
Background technology
Lead acid accumulator is widely used in various electric locomotives as the unloading device or the stand-by power supply of energy, in electric bicycle and the automation equipment.Common charging method is because long other battery of reserve that needs of charging interval.Battery charging process is very big to the influence of lead acid battery charge time and life-span, and most storage batterys is not to use bad but is filled bad.Shorten the lead acid battery charge time, improve the useful life of lead acid accumulator, crucial effects has been played in the design of fast-pulse charge controller in charger.
The charging method of existing charger has constant current charge method, stage constant current charge, constant voltage charge, improved constant voltage charge, rapid charging and pulse charging method usually.Constant current charge is that charging current keeps constant charging method in the charging process.The stage constant current charge is improved constant current charge, and its incipient stage just changes the less constant current charge stage over to bigger constant current charge after the terminal voltage that is recharged battery reaches predetermined value, finishes until charging.Constant voltage charge is that charging voltage keeps constant charging method in the charging process.Improved constant voltage charge is to be the later a kind of charging method with constant voltage charge of constant current charge the incipient stage.The intrinsic charge acceptance of storage battery, charge cycle are long because these several charging modes are not followed, the pole plate infringement is big, energy loss is many, and can not make different mode of operations at the different operating demand and switch.
Along with development of electronic technology, the paired pulses charging is accurately controlled and is become possibility.Various quick chargers have also appearred on the market.People sum up reasonably charge parameter by certain storage battery is discharged and recharged test in a large number.And the employing digital integrated circuit, the pulse export ratio of regulating charger realized eliminating the function that storage battery polarizes, but storage battery is not to be operated in perfect condition.Present developing direction is that each lead acid accumulator is at total charging current and charge mode that has a best of any time of charging.Adopted the positive negative pulse stuffing conduct to the charging and discharging of accumulator control waveform, wherein positive pulse is a charging pulse, and negative pulse is a discharge pulse.Can nearly all charge waveforms and the charge mode of emulation by adjusting this waveform.It has adaptive ability, and promptly in any stage of charging, single-chip microcomputer can both be according to the trend of detected terminal voltage, electric current, temperature and variation thereof, and next step receptible maximum charging current of decision storage battery is realized quick charge.Compare with general quick charger, this charger can be given full play to the advantage of microcomputer, can revise charge parameter and change charging curve, continues to optimize charging algorithm.Therefore, the detection of the scene of charge parameter is the key that guarantees that advanced charging algorithm is realized.As the charging and discharging currents during positive negative pulse stuffing size and amount, battery temperature and amount, battery tension and amount over time over time thereof over time.By can estimating the internal resistance of battery, and then calculate battery present located state etc. to the analysis of these information.The judgement whether storage battery has been full of in charging process is the important indicator of charger, if battery underfill and misjudge to being full of and will cause battery to owe to fill, on the contrary over-charging of battery then will be caused, and both of these case all has a strong impact on the life-span of battery.Simultaneously, in order to adapt to different charging demands at special circumstances, necessary design has the charger of multiple charge mode function.
Summary of the invention
Primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is at the problems referred to above, a kind of lead acid accumulator charging method is provided, under different situations, implements different charge modes, especially under normal charge mode, charging process is divided into the multistage carries out, can greatly prolong the useful life of lead acid accumulator.Another object of the present invention is to provide corresponding charger.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of lead acid accumulator charging method is characterized in that comprising:
The first step: select charge mode, described charge mode comprises normal charge mode, urgent charge mode and safeguards charge mode;
Second step: charging, by the charge step under the selected charge mode battery is charged;
Under described normal charge mode, charging method comprises the steps:
Step 1: with the electric current constant current charge of 0.05C 2 minutes;
Step 2: judge whether cell voltage is raised near 98% of rated voltage,, otherwise enter next step if the result enters step 11 for being;
Step 3: with the electric current constant current charge of 0.3C 2 minutes;
Step 4: judge whether cell voltage is raised to 90% of rated voltage,, otherwise enter next step if the result enters step 6 for being;
Step 5: carry out pulse current charge, reach 90% of rated voltage up to cell voltage;
Step 6: with 90%～92% constant voltage charge of rated voltage 1 hour;
Step 7: with the electric current constant current charge of 0.03C 1.25 hours;
Step 8: judge whether cell voltage is raised to 98% of rated voltage,, otherwise enter next step if the result enters step 10 for being;
Step 9: with 96%～97% constant voltage charge of rated voltage 1 hour;
Step 10: stop to charge 0.5 hour, make inside battery carry out abundant chemical reaction;
Step 11: the float charge voltage of recommending with manufacturer is to battery float;
Under described urgent charge mode, charging method is: carry out pulse current charge, reach 80% o'clock of rated voltage up to cell voltage and stop charging;
Safeguard that described under the charge mode, charging method is:, stop charging then with the electric current constant current charge of 0.05C 20 hours.
Wherein, the ratio of size of current, i.e. multiplying power when C represents battery charging and discharging.
A kind of lead acid batteries charger of implementing above-mentioned charging method, it is characterized in that comprising high power switching power supply, switching circuit, pulse charging and discharging circuit, voltage and current detection circuit, charge mode switch module, microprocessor and MOS (Metal-oxide-semicondutor) pipe driver module, described high power switching power supply is used to finish the AC-to-DC conversion to civil power, the working power of other circuit modules in the charger is provided, and controlled charging current or charging voltage is provided under the control of microprocessor; Described switching circuit is used to receive charging current or the charging voltage signal that high power switching power supply provides, and driven by described metal-oxide-semiconductor drive circuit, and described charging current or charging voltage signal are offered storage battery and pulse charging and discharging circuit; Described pulse charging and discharging circuit is driven by the metal-oxide-semiconductor drive circuit, is used for realizing battery is carried out pulse current charge; Described voltage and current detection circuit is driven by the metal-oxide-semiconductor drive circuit, realizes battery voltage detection or current detecting, and gives microprocessor with testing result; Described charge mode switch module is connected with microprocessor, is used to set the charge mode of battery; Described microprocessor enters corresponding charge mode to battery charge according to the setting control charger of charge mode switch module, controls the size of described charging current or charging voltage in charging process according to the testing result of voltage and current detection circuit; The metal-oxide-semiconductor driver module is controlled by microprocessor, comprise with switching circuit, pulse charging and discharging circuit and voltage and current detection circuit in the corresponding respectively drive circuit unit of each metal-oxide-semiconductor.
The charging method of lead acid accumulator of the present invention by the selection of charge mode, can adapt to the charging needs of different situations.Adopt the multistage charging modes can quick charge under normal charge mode, the charging interval be about 5～6 hours; Under the situation of the urgent charging of needs, entering urgent charge mode adopts staged pulse current charge mode to realize quick charge, charging reaches 80% of battery capacity in 1 hour, but can only in case of emergency use, if too frequently use this pattern to charge, can reduce the useful life of lead acid accumulator; Between the battery lay-up period, by safeguarding charge mode, adopt little electric current long-time (about 20 hours) to battery charge, suggestion is weekly, can prolong the useful life of lead acid accumulator greatly.
Lead acid batteries charger of the present invention by the charge mode switch module is set, is used to set the charge mode of battery, satisfies different charging demands to greatest extent.Little processing is the control core of charger, and the setting of its response charge mode switch module realizes battery charge by the control to high power switching power supply, switching circuit, pulse charging and discharging circuit.Concrete control procedure is:
When pressing the normal charge mode switch, enter normal charge mode, microprocessor control high power switching power supply is converted to controlled charging voltage or charging current signal with civil power by AC-DC (AC-DC).Open switching circuit simultaneously, to the electric current constant current charge of battery with less 0.05C, opening voltage detecting circuit through little processing after 2 minutes detects cell voltage, reach 98% of battery rated voltage if detect magnitude of voltage, battery is considered as full, directly transfer the floating charge stage to, the float charge voltage of recommending with manufacturer is to battery float; If cell voltage is not near 98% of rated voltage in the electric current constant current charge of 0.05C 2 minutes, adopt the current charges 2 minutes of bigger 0.3C, if cell voltage rises to 90% of rated voltage in this 2 fens clock times, then with 90%～92% constant voltage charge of rated voltage 1 hour; If cell voltage does not reach 90% of rated voltage in 2 fens clock times of the current charges of 0.3C, then forward the pulse current charge stage to, switching reaches 90% to battery charging and discharging up to cell voltage between the switching tube that switching circuit and pulse discharge and recharge; Microprocessor cuts out the detection of voltage detecting firing current then, by PWM by-pass cock power supply, change then with the electric current constant current charge of littler 0.03C 1.25 hours, if this moment, cell voltage did not reach 98% of rated voltage, detecting cut-in voltage by the microprocessor close current again detects, with 96%～97% constant voltage charge of rated voltage 1 hour, make cell voltage near full; If the electric current constant current charge of 0.03C after 1.25 hours cell voltage reach 98% of rated voltage, the microprocessor cuts charging circuit allows battery have a rest 0.5 hour, makes inside battery carry out abundant chemical reaction, enters the floating charge stage then.
When pressing urgent charge mode switch, microprocessor control cut-off current detects cut-in voltage and detects, and directly enters the fast-pulse charging stage, reaches 80% o'clock of rated voltage up to cell voltage and stops charging.
Safeguard charge button when pressing, microprocessor control shutoff voltage detects firing current and detects, the control charger with the electric current of 0.05C to long-time (about the 20 hours) constant current charge of battery.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. the present invention is provided with multiple charge mode, can satisfy the charging needs under the different situations to greatest extent, helps prolonging the useful life of lead acid accumulator simultaneously.
2. the present invention is under normal charge mode, adopt the multistage charging modes, situation according to battery electric quantity, charge stage by stage, will shorten to 5～6 hours the charging interval, charging rate is fast, the pole plate infringement is little, energy loss is little, has improved charge efficiency greatly, prolongs the useful life of lead acid accumulator greatly.
3. charger of the present invention, its pulse charging and discharging circuit realizes that by electric capacity string and conversion discharge energy refluxes, and utilize big inductance to make steep pulse be converted into the staged pulse, compare with the pulse charge-discharge circuit that the big resistance of tradition utilization discharges and recharges, energy loss when not only having reduced fast-pulse, improved charge efficiency, also effectively reduced the loss of fast-pulse, prolonged the useful life of storage battery polar plate of lead acid storage battery.
4. charger of the present invention, the shared detecting unit of its current detecting and voltage detecting, the design by switching tube realizes the switching of two kinds of detecting patterns, has greatly optimized circuit structure, has reduced circuit area, has reduced cost.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of charging method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the circuit structure block diagram of charger of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the charger circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is a metal-oxide-semiconductor drive circuit unit schematic diagram.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of lead acid accumulator charging method comprises:
The first step: select charge mode, described charge mode comprises normal charge mode, urgent charge mode and safeguards charge mode;
Second step: charging, by the charge step under the selected charge mode battery is charged;
Under described normal charge mode, charging method comprises the steps:
Step 1: with the electric current constant current charge of 0.05C 2 minutes;
Step 2: judge whether cell voltage is raised near 98% of rated voltage,, otherwise enter next step if the result enters step 11 for being;
Step 3: with the electric current constant current charge of 0.3C 2 minutes;
Step 4: judge whether cell voltage is raised to 90% of rated voltage,, otherwise enter next step if the result enters step 6 for being;
Step 5: carry out pulse current charge, reach 90% of rated voltage up to cell voltage;
Step 6: with 90%～92% constant voltage charge of rated voltage 1 hour;
Step 7: with the electric current constant current charge of 0.03C 1.25 hours;
Step 8: judge whether cell voltage is raised to 98% of rated voltage,, otherwise enter next step if the result enters step 10 for being;
Step 9: with 96%～97% constant voltage charge of rated voltage 1 hour;
Step 10: stop to charge 0.5 hour, make inside battery carry out abundant chemical reaction;
Step 11: the float charge voltage of recommending with manufacturer is to battery float;
Under described urgent charge mode, charging method is: carry out pulse current charge, reach 80% o'clock of rated voltage up to cell voltage and stop charging;
Safeguard that described under the charge mode, charging method is:, stop charging then with the electric current constant current charge of 0.05C 20 hours.
Wherein, the ratio of size of current, i.e. multiplying power when C represents battery charging and discharging.
Fig. 2 is the circuit structure block diagram of charger.Lead acid batteries charger of the present invention comprises high power switching power supply 1, switching circuit 2, pulse charging and discharging circuit 3, voltage and current detection circuit 4, ambient temperature detection circuit 5, charge mode switch module 6, microprocessor 7 and charged state display module 8 and metal-oxide-semiconductor driver module 9.High power switching power supply 1 is used to finish the AC-to-DC conversion to civil power, the working power of other circuit modules in the charger is provided, and controlled charging current or charging voltage is provided under the control of microprocessor 7; The charging signals input of switching circuit 2 is connected with the charging current of high power switching power supply 1 or charging voltage output, receive charging current or charging voltage signal that high power switching power supply 1 provides, driven by metal-oxide-semiconductor drive circuit 9, charging current or charging voltage signal are offered storage battery and pulse charging and discharging circuit 3; Pulse charging and discharging circuit 3 is driven by metal-oxide-semiconductor drive circuit 9, is used for realizing storage battery is carried out pulse current charge; Voltage and current detection circuit 4 is driven by metal-oxide-semiconductor drive circuit 9, realizes battery voltage detection or current detecting, and gives microprocessor 7 with testing result; Described charge mode switch module 6 is connected with microprocessor 7, is used to set the charge mode of battery; Microprocessor 7 enters corresponding charge mode to battery charge according to the setting control charger of charge mode switch module, controls the size of described charging current or charging voltage in charging process according to the testing result of voltage and current detection circuit 4; Metal-oxide-semiconductor driver module 9 comprise with switching circuit 2, pulse charging and discharging circuit 3 and voltage and current detection circuit 4 in the corresponding respectively drive circuit unit of each metal-oxide-semiconductor, drive circuit unit is subjected to microprocessor 7 controls respectively, is used to drive the metal-oxide-semiconductor of correspondence.Ambient temperature detection circuit 5 is used to detect the battery ambient temperature, and gives microprocessor 7 with testing result and handle.Charged state display module 8 is used to show charge mode under the control of microprocessor 7.
Fig. 3 is the charger circuit schematic diagram.1 pair of 220V civil power of high power switching power supply carries out the AC-DC conversion, the working power of other circuit modules in the charger is provided, and controlled charging current or charging voltage is provided, the size of charging current or charging voltage is controlled by microprocessor 7 pulse-width modulations (PWM) delivery outlet OSC1.The model that little processing 7 adopts Microchip company to produce is the single-chip microcomputer of PIC16F876A.Switching circuit 2 comprises the first metal-oxide-semiconductor M1, its drain electrode is connected with the charging current or the charging voltage output of high power switching power supply 1 as the charging signals input, be used to receive charging current or the charging voltage signal that high power switching power supply 1 provides, connected between its drain electrode and the source electrode diode D1 and capacitor C 1, diode D1 two ends are parallel resistance R1 also, and its source electrode is connected with the charging input end of pulse charging and discharging circuit 3.Pulse charging and discharging circuit 3 comprise second, third, the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor M2, M3, M4, also comprise second, third capacitor C 2, C3 and inductance Z1.The drain electrode of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor M2 connects the end of inductance Z1, and the other end of inductance Z1 provides the anodal charging end of battery.The centre tap of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor M2 and inductance Z1 is the charging input end of pulse charging and discharging circuit 3, and this charging input end also is connected with an end of second capacitor C 2.The other end of second capacitor C 2 connects the drain electrode of the 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor M3, tap connects the drain electrode of the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor M4 in the middle of it, the source electrode of the 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor M3 connects the source electrode of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor M2 and an end of the 3rd capacitor C 3 respectively, the other end of the 3rd capacitor C 3 is connected with the source electrode of the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor M4, and the negative pole charging end of battery is provided.
Voltage and current detection circuit 4 comprises detecting pattern switch unit and detecting unit.Its detecting unit adopts conventional testing circuit design, the shared detecting unit of voltage detecting and current detecting, and the switching of detecting pattern realizes by the detecting pattern switch unit.The detecting pattern switch unit comprises the 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor M5, the 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor M6, the 7th metal-oxide-semiconductor M7 and the 8th metal-oxide-semiconductor M8.Under the control of microprocessor 7, when the 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor M5 and the 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor M6 conducting, the 7th metal-oxide-semiconductor M7 and the 8th metal-oxide-semiconductor M8 end, and detecting unit carries out voltage detecting to battery; When the 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor M5 and the 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor M6 by the time, the 7th metal-oxide-semiconductor M7 and the 8th metal-oxide-semiconductor M8 conducting, detecting unit carries out current detecting to battery.The drain electrode of the 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor M5, the 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor M6 connects the positive and negative electrode charging end of storage battery respectively, and resistance R 3 connects the source ground of the 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor M6 in the source electrode joint detection unit of the 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor M5.The drain electrode of the 7th metal-oxide-semiconductor M7, the 8th metal-oxide-semiconductor M8 connects the source electrode of the 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor M5, the 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor M6 respectively.Resistance R 2 in the detecting unit is used for battery current is converted to voltage for detecting, and the one end connects the negative pole charging end of battery, other end ground connection.The source electrode of the 7th metal-oxide-semiconductor M7, the 8th metal-oxide-semiconductor M8 connects the two ends of resistance R 2 respectively.The testing result output of voltage and current detection circuit 4 connects the electric current and voltage testing result input port RA0 of single-chip microcomputer PIC16F876A.
Ambient temperature detection circuit 5 adopts conventional design; the voltage that precision voltage source MC1403 provides is through resistance R 16; RW3; R14; R15; R13; R12; RW2 and an operational amplifier uA741 regulate the bias voltage of back as integrated temperature sensor AD590; the electric current that flows through integrated temperature sensor AD590 is along with variation of temperature changes accordingly; this electric current is transferred to the temperature detection result input port RA1 of single-chip microcomputer PIC16F876A through another operational amplifier uA741; and be converted into the reflection ambient temperature voltage; single-chip microcomputer compares the reference voltage of this voltage and setting; if temperature is too high; by port OSC1 control high power switching power supply 1, reduce charging voltage in real time with the protection lead acid accumulator.
Port RC3, the RC4 of single-chip microcomputer PIC16F876A and RC5 are used separately as and charge normal, promptly charge and safeguard the input port of three kinds of charge modes of charging.Charge mode switch module 6 comprises first, second and the 3rd switch SW 1, SW2 and the SW3 that is connected with three charge mode input ports respectively, and three switches correspondence respectively charge normal, promptly charge and safeguard the three kinds of patterns of charging.One end ground connection of three switches, the charge mode input port of another termination correspondence, when any one switch closure, corresponding charge mode input port is connected to ground, single-chip microcomputer responds this closure signal, and the control charger enters corresponding charge mode to battery charge.Resistance R 17～R19 is corresponding pull-up resistor.Three switches can adopt push-button switch, and it is integrated to be beneficial to circuit.
Charged state display module 8 comprises first, second, third LED, 1～LED3, the positive pole of three light-emitting diodes is connected with RC2 with port RC0, the RC1 of single-chip microcomputer PIC16F876A respectively, negative pole is respectively applied for three kinds of charge modes of demonstration respectively by resistance R 9, R10 and R11 ground connection.When first switch SW, 1 closure, single-chip microcomputer is lighted first LED 1, shows to enter normal charge mode, and by that analogy, when the 3rd switch SW 3 closures, single-chip microcomputer is lighted the 3rd LED 3, shows to enter to safeguard and charge mode.
Metal-oxide-semiconductor driver module 9 comprises 8 drive circuit units with same structure, and respectively corresponding first～the 8th metal-oxide-semiconductor M1～M8 forms one-to-one relationship between 8 drive circuit units and 8 metal-oxide-semiconductor M1～M8.8 control input ends of 8 drive circuit units connect 8 drive output mouth RB0～RB7 of single-chip microcomputer PIC16F876A respectively, form one-to-one relationship between 8 drive output mouth RB0～RB7 of 8 drive circuit units and single-chip microcomputer PIC16F876A, under the control of single-chip microcomputer, 8 drive circuit units drive corresponding metal-oxide-semiconductor respectively, the metal-oxide-semiconductor conducting that control is corresponding or end.The circuit theory diagrams of drive circuit unit as shown in Figure 4.The RB mouth of single-chip microcomputer PIC16F876A correspondence one of (among RB0～RB7) connects the former limit of optocoupler U3, isolates through optocoupler U3 and can reduce the interference of charging main circuit to control circuit.The secondary of optocoupler U3 connects and draws resistance R 20, and connect the base stage of triode Q1, Q2 through resistance R 21, the collector electrode of triode Q1 connects the base stage of triode Q3 by resistance R 22, and the collector electrode of triode Q2 connects and draws resistance R 23, and connects the base stage of triode Q4 by resistance R 24.The collector electrode that is in triode Q3, the Q4 of switch working state is connected with R27 by resistance R 26, form push-pull circuit, in any time of circuit working, two triode Q3, Q4 are in the state of another shutoff of conducting, bootstrap capacitor C7 negative terminal connects the source electrode that be driven metal-oxide-semiconductor corresponding with this drive circuit unit, positive termination power.A diode D2 of serial connection and a resistance R 25 between power supply and the bootstrap capacitor C7 anode make electric current flow to bootstrap capacitor C7 and can not reverse flow from power supply.The grid that is driven metal-oxide-semiconductor that the positive pole of voltage stabilizing didoe Z1 is corresponding with this drive circuit unit connects, the centre tap of connecting resistance R26, R27 also, the negative pole of voltage stabilizing didoe Z1 connects the negative pole of voltage stabilizing didoe Z2, resistance R 28, capacitor C 8 also connect the collector electrode of triode Q4, and link to each other with the positive pole of voltage-stabiliser tube Z3, the negative pole of voltage-stabiliser tube Z3 is connected with the positive pole of voltage-stabiliser tube Z2 and the negative terminal of bootstrap capacitor C7 simultaneously.Drive circuit unit promptly is by the grid of the control metal-oxide-semiconductor corresponding with it and the break-make that source electrode is controlled corresponding metal-oxide-semiconductor.In the circuit theory diagrams of Fig. 3 charger, for illustrative simplicity is understood, the grid of first～the 8th metal-oxide-semiconductor M1～M8 and the connecting line between the metal-oxide-semiconductor driver module 9 only draw, show driving and driven relation between metal-oxide-semiconductor driver module and the metal-oxide-semiconductor with this, and omitted the connecting line between source electrode and the metal-oxide-semiconductor driver module 9.
Introduce the present invention below in the course of work under each charge mode: in normal charge mode with safeguard under the charge mode, charging voltage, electric current that single-chip microcomputer PIC16F876A provides by OSC1 mouth control high power switching power supply, and the corresponding drive circuit unit of the control of the drive output mouth by correspondence makes the first metal-oxide-semiconductor M1 conducting, the second metal-oxide-semiconductor M2, the 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor M3, the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor M4 end, and Z1 charges to battery by inductance.In the charging process, voltage and current detection circuit switches between detecting pattern by the detecting pattern switch unit under the control of single-chip microcomputer, and cell voltage or electric current are detected in real time.Introduce in detail in the charging method description in front, repeat no more herein.In the voltage and current detection circuit, the switching of detecting pattern and detection principle are as follows: during voltage detecting, single-chip microcomputer PIC16F876A makes the 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor M5, the 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor M6 conducting by the corresponding drive circuit unit of drive output mouth control of correspondence, the 7th metal-oxide-semiconductor M7, the 8th metal-oxide-semiconductor M8 end simultaneously, the battery both end voltage enters detecting unit, passes to amplifier LM324 after resistance R 3, R4, R5 and capacitor C 4 filtering, decay.According to the principle of fortune virtual earth, electric current is provided for the secondary of optocoupler U1 by resistance R 6, amplifier LM324 provides identical electric current for the former limit of optocoupler U1, U2 by resistance R 7, capacitor C 5.Because the optocoupler manufacturing process is identical, can be similar to and think that the discharge multiple of electric current is identical.Pass through voltage attenuation to the 0～5V of the effect of resistance R W1, R8, capacitor C 6 and diode D2 again, and pass to the RA0 mouth of single-chip microcomputer PIC16F876A the storage battery two ends.During current detecting, single-chip microcomputer ends the 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor M5, the 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor M6 by the corresponding drive circuit unit of corresponding port control, the 7th metal-oxide-semiconductor M7, the 8th metal-oxide-semiconductor M8 conducting simultaneously, with the current conversion of the resistance R 2 of flowing through is that voltage detects, the electric current of the resistance R of flowing through 2 is a battery current, and its operation principle is identical with voltage detecting.In the charging stage in fast-pulse stage, single-chip microcomputer PIC16F876A at first makes the first metal-oxide-semiconductor M1 by the corresponding drive circuit unit of corresponding port control, the 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor M3 conducting, and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor M2, the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor M4 ends, power supply through the first metal-oxide-semiconductor M1 to second capacitor C 2, the series capacitance charging that the 3rd capacitor C 3 is formed, and pass through inductance Z1 to charge in batteries, Single-chip Controlling the one MOS afterwards, the 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor M3 pipe ends, the while second metal-oxide-semiconductor M2, the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor M4 conducting, make second capacitor C 2,3 parallel connections of the 3rd capacitor C, by storage battery shunt capacitance is charged, this process stage of pulsed discharge just, by discharge with energy deposit in parallel in.After discharge finishes, the Single-chip Controlling second metal-oxide-semiconductor M2, the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor M4 end, control the first metal-oxide-semiconductor M1, the 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor M3 conducting then, second capacitor C 2, the 3rd capacitor C 3 form series connection again, because the voltage of electric capacity keeps function, the voltage of capacitances in series is greater than the voltage of charging voltage and storage battery, and electric capacity makes energy be back to storage battery discharge.Along with the carrying out that energy refluxes, the series capacitance both end voltage will reduce until main power source take over electric capacity with charging voltage to charge in batteries, simultaneously to the series capacitance charging, and so forth, realize that storage battery is carried out fast-pulse to charge.In the pulse current charge stage, be to come circuit is carried out pulse current charge by control to the switch of switching circuit and pulse charging and discharging circuit, the pulse charging and discharging circuit is made up of big electric capacity and big inductance, utilize switching circuit to match, realize lead acid accumulator is discharged and recharged with the string and the conversion of electric capacity in the pulse charging and discharging circuit.The pulse charging and discharging circuit utilizes electric capacity string and conversion to realize the energy backflow, has reduced the loss of energy; And utilize big inductance to make steep pulse be converted into the staged pulse, and effectively reduced fast loss of dashing to polar plate of lead acid storage battery, prolonged the life-span of storage battery.
Claims (8)
1. lead acid accumulator charging method is characterized in that comprising:
The first step: select charge mode, described charge mode comprises normal charge mode, urgent charge mode and safeguards charge mode;
Second step: charging, by the charge step under the selected charge mode battery is charged;
Under described normal charge mode, charging method comprises the steps:
Step 1: with the electric current constant current charge of 0.05C 2 minutes;
Step 2: judge whether cell voltage is raised near 98% of rated voltage,, otherwise enter next step if the result enters step 11 for being;
Step 3: with the electric current constant current charge of 0.3C 2 minutes;
Step 4: judge whether cell voltage is raised to 90% of rated voltage,, otherwise enter next step if the result enters step 6 for being;
Step 5: carry out pulse current charge: utilize electric capacity string and conversion to realize that energy refluxes, and utilize big inductance to make steep pulse be converted into the staged pulse, reach 90% of rated voltage up to cell voltage;
Step 6: with 90%～92% constant voltage charge of rated voltage 1 hour;
Step 7: with the electric current constant current charge of 0.03C 1.25 hours;
Step 8: judge whether cell voltage is raised to 98% of rated voltage,, otherwise enter next step if the result enters step 10 for being;
Step 9: with 96%～97% constant voltage charge of rated voltage 1 hour;
Step 10: stop to charge 0.5 hour, make inside battery carry out abundant chemical reaction;
Step 11: the float charge voltage of recommending with manufacturer is to battery float;
Under described urgent charge mode, charging method is: carry out pulse current charge, reach 80% o'clock of rated voltage up to cell voltage and stop charging;
Safeguard that described under the charge mode, charging method is:, stop charging then with the electric current constant current charge of 0.05C 20 hours.
2. lead acid batteries charger of implementing the described charging method of claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising high power switching power supply (1), switching circuit (2), pulse charging and discharging circuit (3), voltage and current detection circuit (4), charge mode switch module (6), microprocessor (7) and metal-oxide-semiconductor driver module (9), described high power switching power supply (1) is used to finish the AC-to-DC conversion to civil power, the working power of other circuit modules in the charger is provided, and controlled charging current or charging voltage is provided under the control of microprocessor (7); Described switching circuit (2) is used to receive charging current or the charging voltage signal that high power switching power supply (1) provides, driven by described metal-oxide-semiconductor drive circuit (9), described charging current or charging voltage signal are offered storage battery and pulse charging and discharging circuit (3); Described pulse charging and discharging circuit (3) is driven by metal-oxide-semiconductor drive circuit (9), is used for realizing battery is carried out pulse current charge; Pulse charging and discharging circuit (3) comprise second, third, the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor M2, M3, M4, also comprise second, third capacitor C 2, C3 and inductance Z1.The drain electrode of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor M2 connects the end of inductance Z1, and the other end of inductance Z1 provides the anodal charging end of battery.The centre tap of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor M2 and inductance Z1 is the charging input end of pulse charging and discharging circuit 3, and this charging input end also is connected with an end of second capacitor C 2.The other end of second capacitor C 2 connects the drain electrode of the 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor M3 and the drain electrode of the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor M4, the source electrode of the 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor M3 connects the source electrode of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor M2 and an end of the 3rd capacitor C 3 respectively, the other end of the 3rd capacitor C 3 is connected with the source electrode of the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor M4, and the negative pole charging end of battery is provided; Described voltage and current detection circuit (4) is driven by metal-oxide-semiconductor drive circuit (9), realizes battery voltage detection or current detecting, and gives microprocessor (7) with testing result; Described charge mode switch module (6) is connected with microprocessor (7), is used to set the charge mode of battery; Described microprocessor (7) enters corresponding charge mode to battery charge according to the setting control charger of charge mode switch module, controls the size of described charging current or charging voltage in charging process according to the testing result of voltage and current detection circuit (4); Metal-oxide-semiconductor driver module (9) comprise with switching circuit (2), pulse charging and discharging circuit (3) and voltage and current detection circuit (4) in the corresponding respectively drive circuit unit of each metal-oxide-semiconductor, drive circuit unit is subjected to microprocessor (7) control respectively, is used to drive corresponding metal-oxide-semiconductor.
3. lead acid batteries charger as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that described charge mode switch module (6) comprises three switches that are connected with three charge mode input ports of microprocessor (7) respectively, three switches correspondence respectively charge normal, promptly charge and safeguard three kinds of patterns of charging, when one of them switch closure, its closure signal of microprocessor responds, the control charger enters corresponding charge mode to battery charge.
4. lead acid batteries charger as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that described switching circuit comprises first metal-oxide-semiconductor (M1), its break-make is controlled by the drive circuit unit corresponding with this metal-oxide-semiconductor, its drain electrode receives charging current or the charging voltage signal that high power switching power supply (1) provides, and its source electrode is connected with the charging input end of pulse charging and discharging circuit (3).
5. lead acid batteries charger as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that described pulse charging and discharging circuit (3) comprises second, the 3rd, the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor (M2, M3, M4), also comprise second, the 3rd electric capacity (C2, C3) and an inductance (Z1), the break-make of each metal-oxide-semiconductor is controlled by the drive circuit unit corresponding with it respectively, the drain electrode of second metal-oxide-semiconductor (M2) connects an end of inductance (Z1), the other end of inductance (Z1) provides the anodal charging end of battery, second metal-oxide-semiconductor (M2) is connected with the source electrode of described first metal-oxide-semiconductor (M1) and an end of second electric capacity (C2) respectively with the centre tap of inductance (Z1), the other end of second electric capacity (C2) connects the drain electrode of the 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor (M3) and the drain electrode of the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor (M4), the source electrode of the 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor (M3) connects the source electrode of second metal-oxide-semiconductor (M2) and an end of the 3rd electric capacity (C3) respectively, the other end of the 3rd electric capacity (C3) is connected with the source electrode of the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor, and the negative pole charging end of battery is provided.
6. lead acid batteries charger as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that described voltage and current detection circuit comprises detecting pattern switch unit and detecting unit, described detecting pattern switch unit comprises the 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor (M5), the 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor (M6), the 7th metal-oxide-semiconductor (M7) and the 8th metal-oxide-semiconductor (M8), the break-make of four metal-oxide-semiconductors is controlled by the drive circuit unit corresponding with it respectively, when the 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor (M5) and the 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor (M6) when being switched on, the 7th metal-oxide-semiconductor (M7) and the 8th metal-oxide-semiconductor (M8) are cut off, and detecting unit carries out voltage detecting to battery; When the 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor (M5) and the 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor (M6) when being cut off, the 7th metal-oxide-semiconductor (M7) and the 8th metal-oxide-semiconductor (M8) are switched on, and detecting unit carries out current detecting to battery.
7. lead acid batteries charger as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described charger also comprises ambient temperature detection circuit (5), is used to detect the battery ambient temperature, and gives microprocessor (7) with testing result and handle.
8. lead acid batteries charger as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described charger also comprises charged state display module (8), under the control of microprocessor (7), is used to show charge mode.
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