CN101235579A - Spun laced fabric and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Spun laced fabric and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101235579A CN101235579A CNA2007100030929A CN200710003092A CN101235579A CN 101235579 A CN101235579 A CN 101235579A CN A2007100030929 A CNA2007100030929 A CN A2007100030929A CN 200710003092 A CN200710003092 A CN 200710003092A CN 101235579 A CN101235579 A CN 101235579A
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Abstract
The invention discloses spun-laced cloth and a method for manufacturing the spun-laced cloth. The spun-laced cloth is composed of collagen fiber bundles, other textile-used staple fibers and interstitial fibers, wherein the collagen fiber bundles are mutually interpenetrated and interweaved with branches of the collagen fiber bundles to form stereo reticular braided structures, other textile-used staple fibers are located on skeleton of the stereo reticular braided structures, reticular entwining is formed between the textile-used staple fibers mutually or between the textile-used staple fibers and the collagen fiber bundles and the branches of the collagen fiber bundles, and fiber is adhered or bound by the interstitial fibers. The method of the invention can take animal raw hide as raw materials and can be realized through following technical steps: screening the raw materials, dipping, unhairing, degreasing, defibering liquid, tanning, dewatering and drying, mixed liganding, adding the interstitial fibers, health preserving, opening, combing,laying net, spunlacing, and hot rolling, furthermore, the method of the invention can also take the animal leather after tanning as the raw material and can be realized through following steps: screening the raw materials, dipping, defibering the liquid, dewatering and drying, mixed liganding, adding the interstitial fibers, health preserving, opening, combing, laying net, spunlacing, and hot rolling.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the non-weaving cloth technical field, especially relate to a kind of spun laced fabric and processing method thereof.
Background technology:
At present, traditional spun laced fabric mostly is to be processed by chemical short fiber such as viscose, polyster fibre, nylon fibre or islands-in-sea type fibre (superfine fibre), also has to use the natural fabric of cotton, fiber crops, hair, silk short fiber to make spun laced fabric in a small amount.Though this spun laced fabric is of many uses, as can be used as hygienic material and synthetic leather base cloth etc., but because its fiber all is single diffusing shape short fibers, by water thorn processing obtain its filament wound structure of material too simple, and chemistry or natural long fibre can't utilize water jet process processing, so present various spun laced fabrics, on tensile strength, can not show a candle to woven cloth, can only be used as the disposable material of abandoning, then also need utilize chemical material that it is bonding or compound if need be used as durable material through soaking paste or coating processing.Therefore for many years people pursue always by spinning, weave and directly realize the inreal all the time realization of dream of " goes on foot into cloth " by short flow process.
Animal Skin is to cover animal a kind of material on one's body, it is a kind of very complicated biological tissue, the animal raw hide could form leather through a series of machineries of existing tanning technology and the processing of chemistry, the feature of different types of Animal Skin is slightly had any different, but its structure all is similar to, and the main histological structure of Animal Skin is divided into:
(1), epidermal area, this layer accounts for 0.5%～5% of skin thickness according to different skin kinds, arranged by difform cell to form, this layer will be removed together with hair in the process hides process.
(2), skin corium, according to different skin kinds, its thickness or weight account for more than 90% of whole cortex, are unique processing objects of existing tanning technology, that is to say that leather is processed into by skin corium.Corium is compact connective, it mainly is made up of collagenous fibres, elastomer, reticular fibre, wherein collagenous fibres account for 95%～98%, collagenous fibres are pencil and can branch, and their intert mutually in corium and interweave, and are crisscross, bundle fiber is divided into several strands thinner fibre bundle sometimes, these thinner fibre bundles merge with other fibre bundle again and interweave, and form a kind of special space network, so this special structure make skin or leather have very high mechanics brute force.In addition, also contain non-fibre composition in the corium, as blood vessel, adipose gland, interfibrillar substance and adipocyte etc., these materials part in the process hides process is removed.
(3), hypodermis layer, be positioned at below the skin corium, it mainly is made up of braiding loose collagenous fibres and part elastomer, this layer is because the structure that collagenous fibres weave mutually is too loose, be the discommodity in the existing leather industry, but this cortex is well to use object for the technology of the present invention.
Utilization for Animal Skin mainly is process hides at present, leather industry is an ancient industry, it is that low output with the high investment of raw material and product is a feature, has only 20%～40% raw material skin to change leather in leather-making technology, and all the other become discarded object or byproduct.Have many tailings to form discarded object in addition in the process of leather goods again, these skins or leather castoff cause serious pollution to ecological environment.
The length that collagenous fiber bundle exists in skin or leather is considerably beyond weaving and non-woven desired length, but because collagenous fiber bundle is filled and bonding being sticked together by a kind of colloid substance that is called interfibrillar substance except that mutual braiding is tangled in skin or leather simultaneously under the nature, its bonding force is very firm, substantially exceed the tension brute force of its fiber itself, interfibrillar substance is lubricate under the situation of hygrometric state.Therefore, utilize existing shredding technology or can only be processed into very short flour by other any prior art under nature, flour can't twine the type of being connected into each other, does not more have spinnability.Therefore prior art can only form regenerated leather with above powdery staple fibre adhering and pressing by adhesive or meldable fibre together, because the structure of regenerated leather material and composition and former animal's leather all have very big difference, therefore, regenerated leather aspect gas permeability, hygroscopicity, tensile strength, ABRASION RESISTANCE and feel and comfortableness all not as former animal's leather, still belong to low grade products, this natural precious resources can not be made the best use of everything.I have made a kind of collagenous fibres spun laced fabric through research and development for many years and special-purpose animal's leather is separated fine technology and equipment, but, collagenous fibres have the fiber-spinnable that can spin length and carding from animal's leather so that being resolved into, and made a kind of special netted braided structure that is similar to corium by water thorn is fixed, collagenous fiber bundle is further opened under the current thorn of high spun-laced machine is solid, split into the thinner fibre bundle of multiply and form fibre bundle and twine mutually with the fibre bundle branch and combine, crisscross, kink mutually, formation has not been known so far and the special solid netted braided structure of one integrated mass, the water thorn structure of other his single shape chemical fibre short fiber or natural short fiber is essentially different in this spun laced fabric and the prior art, therefore, the tension brute force of collagenous fibres spun laced fabric substantially exceeds other any fiber spunlace fabrics, my employment application collagen fiber reducing leather base cloth and processing method thereof (number of patent application: 200410097268, publication number: CN 1779002A).
In order to make spun laced fabric possess the characteristic of some other weaving face fabrics, to satisfy different instructions for uses, I again with regard to collagenous fibres with carry out water after other weaving mixes with short fiber and sting and carried out concentrating on studies for many years, discovery adds the spun laced fabric that the interfibrillar substance in a spot of Animal Skin or the leather obtains in blended fiber, further fixing through making fiber after the hot rolling, not only have the tensile strength as woven cloth, can use as lining.And can give full play to the physicochemical characteristics of other textile fabric again, thereby realize the dream of real " goes on foot into cloth ".
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of variform any Animal Skin or leather of utilizing, its tailing particularly, the collagenous fiber bundle that can spin length that has that the collagenous fiber bundle of natural woven condition is resolved into the shape that looses mixes with short fiber with other weaving again, having rebulid a kind of collagenous fiber bundle and branch thereof interts mutually and interweaves, crisscross solid netted braided structure, and with other weaving with short fiber one hauling in the skeleton that collagenous fiber bundle forms, utilize this native protein material of matter between small amount of fibers simultaneously, with the fiber adhesion that is woven together or bond together, formation have with former animal's leather in institutional framework close, and have enough width as textiles, length is consistent with each position braiding tightness, the thickness unanimity, and reach a kind of spun laced fabric and the processing method thereof of every powerful index of woven cloth, with physics and the chemical property of giving full play to other textile fabric, can not directly become the problem of durable type material to solve existing spun laced fabric, thereby make the dream of " goes on foot into cloth " form reality.
For achieving the above object, spun laced fabric of the present invention is to be made of other weaving of the collagenous fiber bundle of 1～99% weight portion, 0～99% weight portion interfibrillar substance with short fiber and 1～20% weight portion; Wherein, collagenous fiber bundle and branch thereof intert mutually and interweave, crisscross and constitute solid netted braided structure, other weaving is arranged in the skeleton of solid netted braided structure with short fiber, and form the winding of net like with collagenous fiber bundle and branch thereof, interfibrillar substance then with collagenous fiber bundle and branch thereof, weaving with short fiber and collagenous fiber bundle and branch thereof and weaving with the short fiber adhesion or bond together.
Described interfibrillar substance is meant the natural materials that is present in the animal corium, mainly constitutes by albumin, globulin, mucoprotein and class lipoprotein, and preferred as such scheme, interfibrillar substance shared ratio in spun laced fabric is 1～10% weight portion.
Described collagenous fiber bundle is to be made by Animal Skin or leather and leftover bits and pieces thereof and waste and old leather.
Described weaving short fiber is at least a in natural fabric, chemical fibre and the artificial fibre.
Spun laced fabric of the present invention as with animal hides as raw material, its processing method mainly comprises following processing step: raw material screening, dipping, depilation, degreasing, liquid are separated fibre, tanning, dewatered drying, are mixed, add interfibrillar substance, health, shredding, carding, lapping, solid, the hot rolling of thorn.
Spun laced fabric of the present invention is as being raw material with tanned animal's leather, and its processing method mainly comprises following processing step: raw material screening, dipping, liquid are separated fibre, dewatered drying, are mixed, add interfibrillar substance, health, shredding, carding, lapping, solid, the hot rolling of thorn.
In above-mentioned two kinds of processing methods, liquid is separated fine step and is carried out in the liquid of special use is separated the fiber machine, described liquid fiber uncoiling machine comprises that holds a container of separating fine liquid, the opening box of more than one hired roughneck and/or carding machines is installed in the container, wherein, the hired roughneck is card wire formula, serration type, blade type or hybrid.
One side of separating fine container is provided with leads fine licker-in, continuous separating in the fine process, because the hired roughneck rotates in the liquid high speed, make liquid and raw material in the fiber uncoiling machine form high-speed motion, wherein, high-velocity flow is dissolved in the interfibrillar substance in skin or the leather material and separates in the fine liquid, leading fine licker-in constantly derives fiber, the fiber of deriving has separates fine liquid, in rolling the process of dried fiber, obtain separating fine liquid, this is separated fine liquid and is employed interfibrillar substance solution materials in the interpolation interfibrillar substance step, and separating simultaneously constantly has new water to inject in the fine container.
The spun laced fabric that this invention obtains compared with prior art has the following advantages: the braided structure of (1) its collagenous fiber bundle is very similar to animal corium, have very high mechanics braiding characteristics, the adhesion or the bonding that add natural interfibrillar substance make fiber be not easy slippage, can reach the various brute forces of woven cloth, therefore use as lining; (2) wide in variety, utilize different types of Animal Skin or leather collagen fiber to mix and use and learn from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses, by being processed to form various different-thickness, different in width behind the existing various dyeing and finishing technologies, the various products of different counts and different-style also can be used as high-grade filtering material and use; (3) raw material is wide, cost is low, corner blanking of available animal's leather and waste and old leather and fur products discarded object, and price advantage is obvious; (4) technology advanced person, particularly liquid separate fine technology, make the diffusing shape collagenous fiber bundle that obtains become fiber-spinnable, carding arbitrarily, obtain natural protein material-interfibrillar substance simultaneously, give full play to existing dry non-woven equipment and technology, make product design freely.
Description of drawings:
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Accompanying drawing 1 is a spun laced fabric schematic cross-section of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 2 is a process chart of the present invention.
The specific embodiment:
The following stated only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, does not therefore limit protection scope of the present invention.
See shown in the accompanying drawing 1: spun laced fabric of the present invention is that other weaving by collagenous fiber bundle 10,0～99% weight portion of 1～99% weight portion constitutes with the interfibrillar substance 30 of short fiber 20 and 1～20% weight portion; Wherein, collagenous fiber bundle 10 and branch thereof 11 intert mutually and interweave, crisscross and constitute solid netted braided structure, other weaving is arranged in the skeleton of solid netted braided structure with short fiber 20, and form the winding of net likes with collagenous fiber bundle 10 and branch thereof 11,30 of interfibrillar substances with collagenous fiber bundle 10 and branch 11 thereof, weaving with short fiber 20 and collagenous fiber bundle 10 and branch 11 thereof with weave with short fiber 20 adhesions or bond together.
Need to prove: people generally believe that interfibrillar substance is a discommodity in the prior art, but I am in long term studies and experiment, find that interfibrillar substance is actually good bonding agent, and be natural protein material, its bonding force surpasses artificial synthetic adhesive, and its affinity to fiber and human body is more much better than artificial synthetic adhesive.Use properly, then can significantly improve the tensile strength of spun laced fabric, in cloth, form a kind of bridge formation,, make fiber in spun laced fabric, form lacking beginning and end state firm the coupling together of short fiber of weaving.But it should be noted that interfibrillar substance content should not be too high, the too high product that then obtains hardens, but the not enough fiber of bonding fastness between the fiber is got loose easily, reduces the tensile strength of product.Experiment shows, different according to product composition and thickness, and interfibrillar substance shared ratio in spun laced fabric is preferable with 1～10% weight portion.
Liquid of the present invention is separated fine step and should be carried out in the liquid of special use is separated the fiber machine, described liquid fiber uncoiling machine comprises that holds a container of separating fine liquid, the opening box of more than one hired roughneck and/or carding machines is installed in the container, wherein, the hired roughneck is card wire formula, serration type, blade type or hybrid.
One side of separating fine container is provided with leads fine licker-in, continuous separating in the fine process, high-velocity flow is dissolved in the interfibrillar substance in skin or the leather material and separates in the fine liquid, leading fine licker-in constantly derives fiber, the fiber of deriving has separates fine liquid, obtain separating fine liquid in rolling the process of dried fiber, this is separated fine liquid and is employed interfibrillar substance solution materials in the interpolation interfibrillar substance step.
Interfibrillar substance also can obtain by another kind of method, this method is to utilize the skin raw material after losing hair or feathers, deoiling in the leather-making technology, utilize excusing from death ripple cleaning machine, frequency by 20～40KHZ is dissolved in interfibrillar substance in the water of cleaning machine and obtains the interfibrillar substance aqueous solution, and this aqueous solution is and adds employed interfibrillar substance solution materials in the interfibrillar substance step.
Embodiment one, select animal graywall and tailing thereof for use without tanning.By weight, get collagenous fiber bundle 80%～99%; Chemistry textile fabric 1%～20%, interfibrillar substance 1～5%; In the raw hide in material such as own a small amount of or micro-elastomer, reticular fibre, sweat gland, adipose gland, blood vessel and other non-fiber and the preceding road of the process hides technology the artificial a small amount of non-fibrous material that adds ignore.
------------liquid is separated fibre, and---------being mixed,---------------hot rolling---is stung admittedly---in lapping to dewatered drying to dipping in combing in shredding in health to add interfibrillar substance in tanning in degreasing in depilation in technological process: raw material screening.
Specification:
1, raw material screening: select at least a Animal Skin in all animals such as ox, sheep, pig, horse, dog, deer, rabbit, crocodile and snake for use or do not pass through the graywall corner blanking of tanning.
2, dipping: flooded in liquid 1～48 hour, fluid temperature is a normal temperature, makes rawhide or graywall revert to the fresh hide shape.
3, depilation: adopt existing alkaline process or enzyme unhairing technical matters.
4, degreasing: adopt existing emulsification or saponification technology, above-mentioned material carries out degreasing in the liquid fiber uncoiling machine, be subjected to further free style shredding simultaneously.
5, liquid is separated fibre: adopt the liquid fiber uncoiling machine, make above cladding in containing the liquid fiber uncoiling machine of liquid, be subjected to reciprocating type continuous freely impacting and/or combing, collagenous fiber bundle is loosened fully or form single pencil collagenous fibres, the liquid fiber uncoiling machine can be made by oneself, it is that the hired roughneck of more than one existing shredding equipment employing and/or the opening box of carding machines are installed in container, and the hired roughneck is card wire formula, serration type, blade type or hybrid.
One side of separating fine container is provided with leads fine licker-in, continuous separating in the fine process, high-velocity flow is dissolved in the interfibrillar substance in skin or the leather material and separates in the fine liquid, leading fine licker-in constantly derives fiber, the fiber of deriving has separates fine liquid, obtain separating fine liquid in rolling the process of dried fiber, this is separated fine liquid and is employed interfibrillar substance solution materials in the interpolation interfibrillar substance step.
6, tanning: according to the product needed difference or in conjunction with adopting.Liquid is separated fiber behind the fibre by leather-making technology chrome tanning, vegetable tanning, oil tanning, and select in the existing technology of other all process for tanning.
7, dewatered drying: adopt the drier dehydration, dry with dryer, bake out temperature is 30 ℃～60 ℃.
8, be mixed: require to select for use variety classes or different classes of raw material to carry out mixed configuration according to product design, can adopt mao technical matters of closing that hybrid technique that cotton spinning uses or wool spinning use.
9, add interfibrillar substance, this interfibrillar substance solution can directly adopt liquid to separate the solution that obtains behind the fibre, the interfibrillar substance solution that also can adopt foregoing another kind of method to obtain, for the content that makes interfibrillar substance solution even, can earlier liquid be separated fibrinolytic liquid and be heated to 40～50 ℃ and carry out machinery or artificial the stirring, and add the water allotment; Afterwards, it evenly is sprayed onto on the raw material after being mixed (for the collagenous fiber bundle that is obtained by variety classes or different classes of skin or leather material, the content of interfibrillar substance should have difference).
10, health: with above raw material with Polypropylence Sheet sealing or be deposited in the sealing chamber through 12～24 hours, interfibrillar substance fully is dispersed on the fiber and with firm the combining of fiber.
11, shredding: adopt existing equipment technology shredding removal of impurities.
12, combing: adopt existing carding process to carry out.
13, lapping: same as the prior art.
14, thorn is solid: adopt existing water thorn technical equipment to carry out the water thorn.
15, hot rolling: the material behind the water thorn carries out the hot rolling of certain pressure and temperature through a pair of or one group of roll, order is formed adhesive with the further adhesion of fiber or bond together (because interfibrillar substance is very firm with combining of fiber again by moistening interfibrillar substance under certain pressure and temperature in water thorn process, the water thorn of moment can not wash out interfibrillar substance), roller temperature is at 60～100 ℃.
Embodiment two, by weight, collagenous fiber bundle 30%～80%; Cotton, fiber crops, hair, silk natural textile fiber 20～70%, interfibrillar substance 3～10%; The artificial non-fibrous material that adds in residue such as intrinsic micro-elastomer, reticular fibre and other non-fibrous material and the leather-making technology is ignored in the former leather.
------liquid is separated fibre, and------being mixed,---------------hot rolling---is stung admittedly---in lapping to dewatered drying to dipping in combing in shredding in health to add interfibrillar substance in technological process: raw material screening.
The technological process of this embodiment and embodiment one difference are:
1, raw material screening: select various all kinds of leathers and corner blanking and waste and old leathers for use through the process for tanning tanning.
2, be immersed in that dipping is more than 10 hours in 15 ℃～60 ℃ the liquid, all the other technologies are with example one.
Embodiment three, by weight, collagenous fiber bundle 90～99%, interfibrillar substance 1～10%; In the former leather in residue such as intrinsic micro-elastomer, reticular fibre and other non-fibrous material and the leather-making technology the artificial non-fibrous material that adds ignore.
The technological process of present embodiment is identical with embodiment two with description of the process, repeats no more here.
Claims (9)
1. spun laced fabric is characterized in that: it is to be made of other weaving of the collagenous fiber bundle of 1～99% weight portion, 0～99% weight portion interfibrillar substance with short fiber and 1～20% weight portion; Wherein, collagenous fiber bundle and branch thereof intert mutually and interweave, crisscross and constitute solid netted braided structure, other weaving is arranged in the skeleton of solid netted braided structure with short fiber, and form the winding of net like with collagenous fiber bundle and branch thereof, interfibrillar substance then with collagenous fiber bundle and branch thereof, weaving with short fiber and collagenous fiber bundle and branch thereof and weaving with the short fiber adhesion or bond together.
2. spun laced fabric according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described interfibrillar substance is meant the natural materials that is present in the animal corium, mainly be made of albumin, globulin, mucoprotein and class lipoprotein, interfibrillar substance shared ratio in spun laced fabric is 1～10% weight portion.
3. spun laced fabric according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described collagenous fiber bundle is to be made by Animal Skin or leather and leftover bits and pieces thereof and waste and old leather.
4. spun laced fabric according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described weaving short fiber is at least a in natural fabric, chemical fibre and the artificial fibre.
5. the processing method of the described spun laced fabric of claim 1, the employing animal hides is a raw material, it is characterized in that it mainly comprises following processing step: raw material screening, dipping, depilation, degreasing, liquid are separated fibre, tanning, dewatered drying, are mixed, add interfibrillar substance, health, shredding, combing, lapping, solid, the hot rolling of thorn.
6. the processing method of the described spun laced fabric of claim 1, adopting tanned animal's leather is raw material, it is characterized in that it mainly comprises following processing step: raw material screening, dipping, liquid are separated fibre, dewatered drying, are mixed, add interfibrillar substance, health, shredding, combing, lapping, solid, the hot rolling of thorn.
7. according to the processing method of claim 5 or 6 described spun laced fabrics, it is characterized in that: liquid is separated fine step and is carried out in the liquid fiber uncoiling machine of special use, described liquid fiber uncoiling machine comprises that holds a container of separating fine liquid, the opening box of more than one hired roughneck and/or carding machines is installed in the container, wherein, the hired roughneck is card wire formula, serration type, blade type or hybrid.
8. the processing method of spun laced fabric according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: a side of separating fine container also is provided with leads fine licker-in, continuous separating in the fine process, high-velocity flow is dissolved in the interfibrillar substance in skin or the leather material and separates in the fine liquid, leading fine licker-in constantly derives fiber, the fiber of deriving has separates fine liquid, obtains separating fine liquid in rolling the process of dried fiber, and this is separated fine liquid and is employed interfibrillar substance solution materials in the interpolation interfibrillar substance step.
9. the processing method of spun laced fabric according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: employed interfibrillar substance solution materials is to utilize the skin raw material after losing hair or feathers, deoiling in the leather-making technology in the interpolation interfibrillar substance step, utilize excusing from death ripple cleaning machine, frequency by 20～40KHZ is dissolved in interfibrillar substance in the water of cleaning machine and obtains the interfibrillar substance aqueous solution, and this aqueous solution is the interfibrillar substance solution materials.
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