CN101228700A - 用于mimo信道的球解码装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
提供了解码MIMO信道上的码字的方法和装置。根据本公开的一个方面,为第M秩或空间层的每一星座点计算一成本函数,并且那些星座点中具有最小成本的Ncand个作为候选点被保留,其中Ncand是对该解码算法规定的参数。另外,可为从第M秩的这Ncand个候选点至第(M-1)空间层的所有可能的星座点的所有可能的跃迁计算一成本函数,并且那些跃迁中具有最小成本的A^个作为候选点被保留。为所有空间层重复此过程,结果标识出Ncand个候选码字及其相关联的成本函数。该算法是从列表球解码法推导出的。
Description
在35 U.S.C.§119下的优先权要求
本专利申请要求2005年6月1日提交、转让给本发明受让人、并因此被明确援引纳入于此的题为“MIMO-Single Code Word Receivers with List Sphere Decoding(具有列表球解码特征的MIMO单码字接收机)”的临时申请No.60/686,819的优先权。
共同待审专利申请的引用
本专利申请与转让给本发明受让人、并被明确援引纳入于此的题为“Capacitybased rank prediction for MIMO design(用于MIMO涉及的基于容量的秩预测)”的共同待审的美国专利申请No.11/022,347有关。
背景
领域
本公开一般涉及通信,尤其涉及用于解码在通信信道上接收到的码字的技术。
背景
在无线通信***中,来自发射机的RF已调制信号会经由多条传播路径到达接收机。这些传播路径的特性通常会因为诸如衰落和多径等的多种因素而随时间变化。为提供对抗有害路径效应的分集并提高性能,可使用多个发射和接收天线。如果发射与接收天线之间的传播路径是线性无关的(即,一条路径上的传输不是其他路径上的传输的线性组合),则正确接收到数据传输的似然性随着天线数目的增加而提高。一般而言,发射和接收天线增加,分集就增加并且性能就提高。
多输入多输出(MIMO)通信***可采用多个(NT个)发射天线和多个(NR个)接收天线来进行数据传输。由这NT个发射天线和NR个接收天线形成的MIMO信道可被分解成NS个独立信道,其中NS≤min{NT,NR}。这NS个独立信道中的每一个对应于一个维度,并且也可被称为该MIMO信道的一个空间子信道(或传输信道)。如果由这多个发射和接收天线产生的额外的维度被利用起来,则该MIMO***能提供提高的性能(例如,增大的传输容量)。
对于其中NS=NT≤NR满秩MIMO信道,从这NT个发射天线中的每一个可发射一独立数据流。所发射的数据流会体验不同的信道状况(例如,不同的衰落和多径效应),并且对于给定量的发射功率会达到不同的信噪干扰比(SNR)。此外,如果在接收机处使用逐次干扰消去(SIC)来恢复所发射的数据流,则取决于这些数据流被恢复的具体次序,对这些数据流可达到不同的SNR。结果,每一数据流可支持一唯一性的数据率。由于信道状况通常随时间而变化,因此每一数据流所支持的数据率也会随时间而变化。
MIMO设计可具有多种工作模式。在一种工作模式下,发射机可独立地、并可能用不同码率来编码在每一空间层上传送的数据。接收机可采用如下工作的SIC算法:解码第一层,然后在重新编码第一层并将已编码的第一层乘以一“估计的信道”之后将其贡献从接收的信号中减去,然后解码第二层,依此类推。此方式意味着每一相继解码的层经历递增的信噪比(SNR)并因此能支持更高的码率。在没有误差传播的情况下,与SIC相结合的此工作模式达到最大容量。此设计的不利之处起因于“管理”每一空间层的码率的负担,尤其是(a)增加的CQI(信道质量指标)反馈信令开销(每层一个CQI);(b)增加的ACK/NACK消息接发(每层一个消息);(c)采用混合式ARQ(HARQ)方案的复杂化——因为每一层可在一不同的传输处终止;(d)在体验增大的多普勒效应和/或很低的SNR的信道中对信道估计误差的性能敏感度;以及(e)更严格的解码等待时间要求——因为每一相继层在先前各层被解码之前不能被解码。在其他模式下,提供了对来自单个天线的单个数据流的普通编码。替换地,发射机可对每一层使用相同数据率地来编码每一空间层上的数据,并且可采用秩预测来根据信道状况和SNR在逐分组的基础上适应性地修改空间层的数目。
为解码所接收到的码字,接收机可对每一频调采用诸如MMSE(最小均方误差)均衡器等的低复杂度线性接收机。替换地,可以使用诸如ML(最大似然)MIMO解码器等的非线性接收机来以更复杂的实现为代价达到更好的性能。具体而言,ML MIMO解码器的复杂度与秩M和码元星座阶Mc呈指数关系。现有技术的针对MIMO的解码器的概览见Hochwald和Brink的“Achieving Near-Capacityon a Multiple-Antenna Channel(在多天线信道上达到接近最大容量)”,IEEE Transactions on Communications(IEEE通值学报),第51卷,第3号,2003年3月,其内容被完全援引纳入于此。
概要
本公开提供解码通信信道上的码字的方法和装置。本公开的一个方面提供一种方法,包括接收在多输入多输出(MIMO)信道上发送的至少一个码字,其中该至少一个码字包括多个层,每一层包括多个候选星座点中一星座点。该方法进一步包括对于每一层,使用所述码字来为该至少一层的每一星座点计算一状态成本度量并选择该至少一层的状态成本度量满足第一优选准则的优选状态,以及对于所述层的多个星座点中的每一个,使用所述码字为从所述层的一优选星座点至后续层的每一星座点的每一跃迁计算一状态成本度量并选择至所述后续层的状态成本度量满足第二优选准则的优选跃迁。
本公开的一个进一步的方面提供一种解码方法,包括接收包含多个码元的码字,每一码元对应于多个候选星座点中的至少一个。该方法包括,对于第一码元,为所述第一码元的每一候选星座点计算一成本度量并仅将计算出的成本度量满足第一优选准则的那些候选星座点存储在存储器中。该方法进一步包括对于每一后续码元并且对于每一先前为就在所述后续码元前一位的码元存储在所述存储器中的候选星座点,为从所述先前存储的候选星座点至所述后续码元的一候选星座点的每一候选跃迁计算一成本度量,并仅将计算出的成本度量满足第二优选准则的那些候选跃迁存储在所述存储器中。
本公开又一个进一步的方面提供一种解码器装置,包括配置成接收至少一个码字的接收机,其中该至少一个码字包括多个层,每一层包括从多个候选星座点中选择的一星座点。该解码器进一步包括处理器,该处理器配置成对于至少一层,为该至少一层计算一星座点度量,并选择该至少一层中状态成本度量满足第一优选准则的优选星座点;该处理器进一步配置成为从该层的一优选星座点至后续层的每一星座点的每一跃迁计算一星座点成本度量,并选择至所述后续层的星座点成本度量满足第二优选准则的优选跃迁。
本公开进一步提供实现本公开的各个方面、实施例、和特征的其他方法和装置,如以下进一步具体说明。
附图简要说明
图1示出一种无线多址通信***的图示。
图2示出一种包括具有秩预测特征的SCW发射机的通信***。
图3示出或采用线性MMSE均衡器或采用某种类型的解码器的SCW接收机。
图4示出球解码器的一种可能的算法实现的流程图。
图5示出列表球解码器的一种可能的算法实现的流程图。
图6示出列表球解码器的另一种可能的算法实现的流程图。
图7示出一种用于列表球格构解码的格构图。
图8示出该格构图中具有最小成本的候选星座对。
图9示出具有Ncand条路径和候选解矢量的最终格构图。
图10示出有一个接入点和两个终端的一个实施例的框图。
具体说明
图1示出具有多个接入点(AP)10和多个终端20的无线通信***1。基站是与这些终端通信的站。基站也可被称为接入点、B节点、和/或其他某个网络实体,并可包含其功能集的一些或全部。每一接入点10为一特定地理区域2提供通信覆盖。术语“蜂窝小区”取决于在其中使用该术语的上下文可指接入点和/或其覆盖区域。为增加***容量,接入终端覆盖区域可被分成多个较小的区域,例如,三个较小的区域4a、4b和4c。每一较小的区域由各自的基收发机子***(BTS)服务。术语“扇区”取决于在其中使用该术语的上下文可指AP和/或其覆盖区域。对于分扇区的蜂窝小区,对应于该蜂窝小区的所有扇区的各AP通常共同位于对应于该蜂窝小区的基站内。本文中描述的信令传输技术既可被用于具有分扇区的蜂窝小区的***也可被用于具有不分扇区的蜂窝小区的***。为简化,在以下说明中,对服务扇区的站和服务小区的站通用术语“基站”。
终端20通常分散在***中各处,并且每一终端可以是固定的或是移动的。终端也可被称为移动站、用户装备、和/或其他设备,并可包含其功能集的一些或全部。终端可以是无线设备、蜂窝电话、个人数字助理(PDA)、无线调制解调器卡、等等。在任何给定时刻,终端可在前向和反向链路上与零个、一个、或多个基站通信。
对于集中式架构,***控制器30耦合到各AP 10并为这些基站提供协调和控制。***控制器30可以是单个网络实体或者是多个网络实体的集合。对于分布式架构,各AP可按需与彼此通信。
图2示出具有秩预测特征的SCW发射机。根据由码率预测算法212指定的分组格式(PF)208、210,比特202被turbo编码204并且QAM映射206。在一个实施例中,已编码的码元然后被分用214成M个流216或层,其中M 228可以是作为5比特的CQI 224的补充由每5毫秒一次的接收机226反馈指定的2比特整数。这M个流216然后被空间地映射218到MT个OFDM调制器220和MT个天线222。
图3示出或采用线性MMSE均衡器或采用某种类型的解码器234的SCW接收机201。在此实施例中,MR个天线232接收在空中传送的信号。每一天线232的输出被OFDM解调233并输入到线性MMSE均衡器或解码器234。线性MMSE均衡器或解码器234可各自在逐频调的基础上——即为每一频调实现,MR个接收的信号被处理以生成M个码元236。线性MMSE均衡器或解码器234还可生成允许进行CQI和秩计算231的信息。码元236被分用235,并且可为这M个码元236中的每一个计算对数似然比(LLR)237。这些LLR 237然后被供给turbo解码器238,由其输出已解码的比特239。
现在将在此对SCW接收机使用的各种解码器实现——尤其是ML MIMO解码器、球解码器、列表球解码器、以及列表球格构(trellis)解码器进行说明。
为理解ML MIMO解码器的操作,定义以下:
MR:接收天线的数目
M:MIMO传输的秩
H:每频调的MIMO信道(MR×M)
x:每频调的接收信号矢量(MR×1)
s:每频调的传送码元矢量(M×1)=[s1 s2.. ..sM]
n:每频调的噪声矢量(MR×1)
对应于给定频调的***方程给出为:
x=Hs+n (式1)
ML MIMO解给出为:
其中Λ是通过从2Mc点的星座取M维矢量s的每一条目来定义的点阵。可以看到该ML MIMO解码器选择使接收信号矢量为x的似然性最大化的传送码元矢量ML。在一些方面,ML MIMO解码器的复杂度与MIMO层的数目M以及码元星座阶Mc呈指数关系。
为了降低ML MIMO解码的指数复杂度,可采用一种称为球解码的技术。为理解球解码,首先定义信道矩阵H的QR分解:H=QR,其中Q是一MR×M的酉阵(在此定义为任何满足Q*Q=I的矩阵Q),并且R是一上三角M×M矩阵。并定义为迫零解=(H*H)-1H*x。根据式2,
根据式3,该球解码器可将其对球解码器解SD的搜索限制于位于以迫零解为中心“r”为半径的球体内部的那些假设s。该球解码器由此避免了所有可能的假设s上的穷举性ML搜索。
利用QR分解,式3中的表达式可被进一步地操纵如下:
式4的形式利用了R是将要被最小化的项的计算便利地划分到单独各层i间的三角阵这一事实。注意,这对于矩阵H的任何下三角分解同样为真。这种形式启示了用于如以下描述地解码接收的码字的球解码过程。
球解码过程的一种可能的实现在图4的流程图中示出。注意,在此公开中给出的流程图仅旨在作为可能的实现的例示,而不应被解释为限定了本公开的范围。首先,在框301确定球半径r的初始值。接下来在框302对于第M层计算设i=M。从计算的观点来看,式4的LHS(左手边)可变成RMM 2‖sM-M‖2,其中sM∈ΛM,即第M层使用的星座。接下来,在框304执行所有候选星座点上的搜索以选择一候选星座点。在一些情形中,选择满足 的星座点。在框305,该候选星座点被保存在例如存储器中。
***作的层然后如在框306中所示地被递减,例如i=M-1。从计算的观点来看,式4的LHS现在变成 其中 即第(M-1)层使用的星座。对于SCW设计,所有层使用的星座都是一样的,即Λm=Λ,m=1,2,...M。对于一给定点,选择满足下式的一个星座占
对于给定的一对 设i=M-2,并且操作304-306可被重复。为所有后续层继续进行此确定候选点的过程直至并包括i=1,在此获得了对应于单个候选解矢量的一系列候选点这可由递减块306并环回到框303来完成。在i=0的情形中,矢量如框307中所示地被保存。
然后可如框308中所示地计算对半径的新更新rupdat。并将半径变成r←rupdate。这可以通过例如在假定以上获得的矢量点的情况下重新计算式4的LHS以获得新的半径rupdate来完成。
可用此新半径rupdate来重复此过程,并且继续此程序直至不再有候选解矢量落在半径rupdate内。注意,球半径随每次迭代而收缩,因此一般而言解码器无需评价所有可能的候选点就能获得球解码器解SD。
从以上说明,将可注意到球解码器的复杂度随球半径“r”的增大而增长,并且最终逼近ML复杂度。另一方面,如果半径“r”被选择得太小,则ML解潜在可能落在球体之外,从而导致不正确的解。一般而言,优选的球半径“r”随(a)MIMO信道本征值扩展增大以及(b)SNR降低而增长。并且,由于球解码器不生成对应于替换码字的软信息,因此不能给turbo解码器提供软信息以进行联合解码。
列表球解码器是能够生成可供turbo解码器使用的软信息、并且是基于球解码器原理的一种MIMO-MAP解码器。列表球解码器的一种可能的算法实现在图5中示出,在以下说明中将对其进行参考。
如图5的框401中所示,首先选择球半径“r”以及参数Ncand,其功能将在稍后描述。然后沿与图4的框302-306类同的框402-406而行得到包括候选点的候选解矢量一旦得到一候选解矢量,就可如407中所示地计算相关联的成本并可由外turbo解码器利用其来提高性能。候选解矢量的成本可被称为“总”成本度量,以与诸如根据式4的LHS等计算出的每层成本度量区别开来。注意,噪声方差σ2一般对于不同的频调可以是不同的。候选解矢量-成本关联可如步骤409中所示地被登入并存储在“候选列表”中。为落在球体半径“r”内的其他候选解重复这些步骤,直至有Ncand个候选解驻留在候选列表中。参数Ncand也可被称为“候选多个”。此后,外加的候选解矢量仅当其相关联的成本低于已在候选列表上的最高成本时才被添加到候选列表。如果是这种情形,则具有最高成本的候选解矢量条目被删除,由此在任何时间均维持候选列表中有总共不超过Ncand个条目。替换地,由解码器为接收的码字计算的首Ncand个成本可被定义以定性为候选列表上Ncand个最低成本之一,由此可如框408中所示地执行一般化检查。
与球解码器形成对比,列表球解码器能够提供对应于数个候选码字的软信息,以及对应于每一候选码字的每一比特(或码元)的软信息。由此,可将其与诸如turbo解码器等的利用先验软信息的其他解码器联用。为看出这一点,令Mc为调制阶,并令M为MIMO传输的秩,结果得到每频调总共传送了MMe比特。在一优选实施例中,对应于1k=1,2,..MMe的每一比特bk的软非本征信息(LLR)可被近似为:
(式5)
其中
max*(a,b)=ln(ea+eb)。
从以上给出的对列表球解码器的描述可以看到,球体半径“r”并不随每次迭代而缩减。结果,如果初始球体半径选得太大,则复杂度大大增加。此外,计算出的LLR的质量以及复杂度两者皆随值Ncand的增大而增加。式5在 的情况下是一等式。一般而言,以上算法的性能和复杂度取决于“r”和Ncand。
图7示出一种用于列表球格构解码的格构图。该图有对应于MIMO传输的秩的M级以及对应于星座点的数目的2Mc个状态。例如,对于16-QAM星座和秩4传输,我们有M=4和Mc=4。
与列表球解码相类似,可规定一对应于在每一级的候选列表中维护的条目的最大数目的参数Ncand。在图7中所示的示例性格构中,Ncand=2。一般化的列表球解码算法的一种可能的算法实现在图6中示出。
在图6中,首先,在图6的框501-502提供了Ncand的初始化并设i=M。在框503为所有星座点计算成本函数RMM 2‖sM-M‖2。在一些方面,仅具有最小成本的eNcand点被保留。如果Ncand>2Mc,则仅保留具有最小成本的2Mc个点。在解码器的一种格构实现中,例如参见图7的格构图,这些状态被记为打阴影的圆圈。这些状态也可被称作“优选”状态。
在505,对于这些优选状态中的每一个选定的i,与从第M层的一优选状态至第(M-1)层的这2Mc个候选星座点之一的每一跃迁相关联的成本度量被计算。单个的成本度量可被计算如下:
这创建出总共Ncand2Mc个候选对[sM,sM-1],每一对有一相关联的成本度量。对应于一种格构实现的这些对由图7中的“虚线”标示。
从数学的立场来看,可以观察到式6中的项RMM 2‖sM-M‖2实质上早在图6的框503中就已被计算出,因此在执行后面的各个计算时,例如在框505中无需被重复计算。此外,同样的观察适用于在后续各级i处的成本度量计算——即,为第(i+1)级计算出的状态成本度量可被存储并在为格构的第i级或层计算状态成本度量期间重复使用。类似地,仅需被初始地计算Ncand次,并且也可被存储并重复用于Ncand2Mc次计算中的其余各次。同样的观察关于后续第i级的度量计算也是适用的。
然后,在框506,从图7中所示的Ncand2Mc对或虚线,仅将从层M到层M-1的具有最小成本的Ncand个优选跃迁保存到存储器中。还将与那些优选跃迁相关联的星座点和成本保存到存储器中。具有最小成本的这些对由图8中的实线标示。这些路径和成本被随所存储的来自前一层的路径和成本一起存储以创建出所贯穿的格构路径的记录。这些路径也可被称作“优选”跃迁。
如由图5中环回到递减框504所示,为每一后续层类同地执行框505-507直至层1。如前面所描述地,对于每一层,仅需将Ncand个优选跃迁以及相关联的星座点/成本保存在存储器中。
一旦层1的计算结束,就得到了图9的示出Ncand条路径和候选解矢量的最终格构图。接着可使用式5来获得对应于每一比特的LLR。
作为对列表球解码算法的进一步精炼,最优化参数Ncand可根据星座大小、以及横跨各级、根据对应于每一个或每一组频调的信道状况、或其他因素而变化。在一个实施例中,Ncand可被动态调整以在出现较差信道状况的情况下变得较大,而在出现较好信道状况的情况下变得较小。
注意,在一些方面,在式5中计算出的项LA[k]在不可用的情况下,例如在turbo解码器迭代尚待执行的情况下,或者在turbo解码完全与列表球解码解耦的情况下可被省略掉。在某些方面,可将列表球解码器与turbo解码器级联,并且可将由列表球解码器计算出的软信息与turbo解码器迭代地交换,反之亦然,直至得到收敛的解。
还要注意,一般而言,本文中描述的解码过程也可使用标识出每一层的优选状态的替换准则来实现。例如,一种实现不是仅保留具有最低的计算出的成本度量的Ncand个状态或跃迁,而是代之以可保留成本度量满足某些其他准则——诸如在一优选成本值以下等的那些状态或跃迁。此类替换准则也落在本公开的范围之内。
应当注意,以上各过程易被应用于多码字(MCW)***,其中星座大小横跨每一级而变化。在一个实施例中,对于一SCW 4×4 MIMO***,可横跨所有各级将Ncand设为常量256以给出可接受的性能。
此外,尽管图6-9是在利用格构图的上下文中作一般化讨论,但是无需使用格构方法集也可利用以上各方法集。例如,可不使用格构图表示地来为每一层以及该层的星座点计算成本度量。在这样的情形中,可为MIMO层而不是格构级、以及为星座点而不是格构级的各个状态进行上述各个计算。
图10示出在多址多载波通信***100中有一个AP 10x以及两个AT 20x和20y的一个实施例的框图。在AP 10x处,发射(TX)数据处理器514从数据源512接收话务数据(即,信息比特)并从控制器520和调度器530接收信令和其他信息。例如,控制器520可提供用于调整各活动AT的发射功率的功率控制(PC)命令,而调度器530可提供对各AT的载波指派。这些各种类型的数据可在不同的传输信道上被发送。TX数据处理器514使用多载波调制(例如,OFDM)来编码并调制接收到的数据以提供已调制数据(例如,OFDM码元)。发射机单元(TMTR)516然后处理这些已调制数据以生成下行链路已调制信号,该信号随后被从天线518发射。
在AT 20x和20y中的每一个处,所传送的已调制信号被天线552接收到并提供给接收机单元(RCVR)554。接收机单元554处理接收到的信号并将其数字化以提供采样。接收(RX)数据处理器556然后解调并解码这些采样以提供已解码数据,其可包括恢复出的话务数据、消息、信令等等。话务数据可被提供给数据阱558,并且为该终端发送的载波指派和PC命令被提供给控制器560。
控制器560指导使用已被指派给该终端并在接收到的指派中指出的资源在上行链路上进行的数据传输。控制器560进一步在没有实际数据要传送但仍希望保有所指派的资源时注入擦除签名分组。
控制器520指导使用已被指派给该终端的资源在下行链路上进行的数据传输。控制器520进一步在没有实际数据要传送但仍希望保有所指派的资源时注入擦除签名分组。
对于每一活动的终端120,TX数据处理器574从数据源572接收话务数据,并从控制器560接收信令及其他信息。例如,控制器560可提供指示信道质量信息、要求的发射功率、最大发射功率、或该终端的最大与要求发射功率之差的信息。这些各种类型的数据由TX数据处理器574编码并使用所指派的载波来调制,并进一步由发射机单元576处理以生成上行链路已调制信号,该信号然后被从天线552发射。
在AP 10x处,从各AT传送的已调制信号被天线518接收到,由接收机单元532处理,并由RX数据处理器534解调并解码。接收机单元532可为每一终端估计接收信号质量(例如,接收信噪比(SNR)),并将此信息提供给控制器520。控制器520然后可推导出针对每一终端的使得该终端的接收信号质量维持在可接受的范围之内的PC命令。RX数据处理器534将恢复出的对应于每一终端的反馈信息(例如,要求的发射功率)提供给控制器520和调度器530。
调度器530可向控制器520提供维持资源的指示。此指示在有更多数据被调度要进行传送的情况下提供。对于AT 20x,控制器560可确定资源是否要求被维持。在某些方面,控制器520可执行提供调度器530的功能集的指令。
此外,控制器560可执行关于图1-9讨论的与接入终端有关的功能中的全部或一些。
本文中描述的技术可通过各种手段来实现。例如,这些技术可在硬件、软件、或其组合中实现。对于硬件实现,用于这些处理的处理单元(例如,控制器520和560、TX和RX处理器514和534等)可在一个或多个专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、数字信号处理器件(DSPD)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、处理器、控制器、微控制器、微处理器、设计成执行本文中描述的功能的其他电子单元、或其组合内实现。
对于软件实现,本文中描述的技术可用包括可由一个或多个处理器实现以执行本文中描述的功能的指令的模块(例如,过程,函数等)来实现。这些指令可被存储在例如图10中的存储器522等的存储器单元中,存储在可移动介质上,或存储在可被一个或多个处理器(例如,控制器520)读取和执行的类似介质上。存储器单元可被实现在处理器内或可外置于处理器,在后一种情形中它可经由本领域中已知的各种手段被通信地耦合到处理器。
本文中包括小标题以供参考并协助定位某些章节。这些小标题并非旨在限定在其下描述的概念的范围,并且这些概念可贯穿整个说明书被应用于其他章节。
提供对所公开的实施例的以上描述是为了使本领域任何技术人员皆能制作或使用本发明。对这些实施例的各种修改对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的,并且本文中定义的普适原理可被应用于其他实施例而不会脱离本发明的精神或范围。由此,本发明并非旨在被限定于本文中示出的这些实施例,而是应与符合本文中公开的原理和新颖性特征的最广义的范围一致。
Claims (40)
1.一种进行列表球解码的方法,包括:
接收在多输入多输出(MIMO)信道上发送的至少一个码字,其中所述至少一个码字包括多个层,每一层包括多个候选星座点中一星座点;
对于每一层,使用所述码字来为所述至少一层的每一星座点计算一状态成本度量,并选择状态成本度量满足第一优选准则的所述至少一层的优选状态;以及
对于所述层的多个星座点中的每一个,使用所述码字来为从所述层的一优选星座点至后续层的每一星座点的每一跃迁计算一状态成本度量,并且选择状态成本度量满足第二优选准则的至所述后续层的优选跃迁。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括,对于每一层,将与所述各选定的优选星座点和跃迁相关联的状态成本度量存储在存储器中。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,满足所述第一优选准则包括,是具有星座点最低状态成本的候选多个星座点之一。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,满足所述第二优选准则包括,是具有层最低星座点成本的候选多个跃迁之一。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述候选多个可以是横跨多层可变的,并且可以是每一层的候选星座点的数目的函数。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述码字是多码字(MCW)。
7.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述码字是单码字(SCW)。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括在计算之后将对应于一级的所述星座点成本度量存储在存储器中,并在下一层期间计算星座点成本度量时重复利用所述存储的度量。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括从所述各优选星座点和所述各优选跃迁来确定候选码字。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括计算用于所述各候选码字的总成本度量。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括选择具有最低总成本度量的候选码字。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在一计算出的星座点成本度量是具有给定层最低值的候选多个星座点成本度量之一时所述第一和第二优选准则得以满足,并且其中所述候选多个可以是横跨各层可变的。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述候选多个对于所有层是常量。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一优选准则在计算出的状态成本度量低于规定阈值时得以满足。
15.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括计算对应于每一比特的软非本征信息度量。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述对应于每一比特的软非本征信息度量被提供给turbo解码器。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述turbo解码器进一步生成对应于每一比特的外加软非本征信息。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,每一层构成一格构的一级,并且每一星座点构成所述格构的一级的一个状态。
19.一种解码方法,包括:
接收包括多个码元的码字,每一码元对应于多个候选星座点中的至少一个;
对于第一码元:
为所述第一码元的每一候选星座点计算一成本度量;
仅将计算出的成本度量满足第一优选准则的那些候选星座点存储在存储器中;
对于每一后续码元,并且对于用于紧接在所述后续码元之前的码元的先前存储在所述存储器中的每一候选星座点:
为从所述先前存储的候选星座点至所述后续码元的一候选星座点的每一候选跃迁计算一成本度量;以及
仅将计算出的成本度量满足第二优选准则的那些候选跃迁存储在所述存储器中。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括从存储在所述存储器中的所述各候选星座点和候选跃迁确定候选码字。
21.如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,所述码字是在MIMO信道上传送的,并且所述码字的所述各码元是在不同天线上通过所述MIMO信道同时发射的。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,所述MIMO信道由一信道矩阵H表征;所述方法进一步包括提供一通过酉变换与所述矩阵H相关的上三角矩阵R,并且其中所述为每一码元计算出的成本度量是所述矩阵R中与所述码元以及在所述码元之前的所***元相对应的各行的系数的函数。
23.如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,满足所述第一优选准则包括,是相关联的成本度量是所有候选星座点的第一候选多个最低成本度量之一的候选星座点。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一候选多个少于一码元的候选星座点的总数。
25.如权利要求24所述的方法,其特征在于,满足所述第二优选准则包括,是相关联的成本度量是该码元的所有候选跃迁的第二候选多个最低成本度量之一的候选跃迁,其中所述第二候选多个少于从在前码元的一候选星座点至后续码元的一候选星座点的候选跃迁的总数,并且其中所述第一候选多个等于所述第二候选多个。
26.如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,满足所述第二优选准则包括,是具有相关联的成本度量为所有候选跃迁的第二候选多个最低成本度量之一的候选跃迁。
27.如权利要求26所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二候选多个少于从在前码元的一候选星座点至后续码元的一候选星座点的候选跃迁的总数。
28.如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,所述后续码元中的每一个包括时间上后续的码元。
29.如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,所述后续码元中的每一个包括秩上后续的码元。
30.一种解码器装置,包括:
接收机,配置成接收在多输入多输出(MIMO)信道上发送的至少一个码字,其中所述至少一个码字包括多个层,每一层包括从多个候选星座点中选择的一星座点;以及
处理器,配置成对于至少一个层,为所述至少一层计算一星座点度量,并选择状态成本度量满足第一优选准则的所述至少一层的优选星座点;所述处理器被进一步配置成为从所述层的一优选星座点至后续层的每一星座点的每一跃迁计算一星座点成本度量,并选择星座点成本度量满足第二优选准则至所述后续层的的优选跃迁。
31.如权利要求30所述的装置,其特征在于,进一步包括存储器,用于为每一级存储与所述各优选状态和所述各优选跃迁相关联的状态成本度量。
32.如权利要求30所述的装置,其特征在于,满足所述第一优选准则包括,是具有该级最低状态成本的候选多个状态之一。
33.如权利要求32所述的装置,其特征在于,满足所述第二优选准则包括,是具有该级最低状态成本的所述候选多个跃迁之一。
34.如权利要求33所述的装置,其特征在于,所述MIMO信道由一信道矩阵H表征,其中所述矩阵H的秩为M,进一步包括提供一与所述信道矩阵H相关的上三角矩阵R,其中对应于所述多级的每一状态的所述状态成本度量被表达为RMM 2‖sM-M‖2,并且其中所述第M级的状态成本度量被表达为RMM 2‖sM-M‖2,其中
R是通过酉变换与所述矩阵H相关的上三角矩阵;
RMM表示所述矩阵R中对应于第M行第M列的条目;
sM表示第M层的一候选星座点;
M表示迫零解=(H*H)-1H*x的第M个条目
35.如权利要求34所述的装置,其特征在于,对应于第i级的每一跃迁的所述状态成本度量被表达如下:
i表示至格构的一级的索引;
Rij表示R矩阵中对应于第i行第j列的条目;
si表示第i层的一候选星座点;一级
i表示迫零解=(H*H)-1H*x的第i个条目。
36.如权利要求30所述的装置,其特征在于,进一步包括软信息处理器,用于计算与一候选码字的每一层相关联的每一星座点相关联的每一比特相对应的软非本征信息,其中候选码字可从所述各优选状态和优选跃迁来确定。
37.一种解码器装置,包括:
用于接收在多输入多输出(MIMO)信道上发送的至少一个码字的装置,其中所述至少一个码字包括多个层,每一层包括从多个候选星座点中选择的一星座点;以及
用于确定至少一层的具有满足所述至少一层的第一准则的星座点成本度量的优选星座点以及优选跃迁的装置。
38.如权利要求37所述的装置,其特征在于,满足所述第一准则包括,是具有每一级的最低状态成本的候选多个状态之一。
39.一种其上包括可被处理器使用的指令的处理器可读介质,所述指令包括:
对于包括各自对应于多个候选星座点中的至少一个的多个码元的码字中的第一码元,为所述第一码元的每一候选星座点计算一成本度量的指令;
仅将计算出的成本度量满足第一优选准则的那些候选星座点存储在存储器中的指令;以及
对于每一后续码元并且对于用于紧接在所述后续码元之前的码元的先前存储在所述存储器中的每一候选星座点,为从所述先前存储的候选星座点至所述后续码元的一候选星座点的每一候选跃迁计算一成本度量的指令;以及
40.如权利要求39所述的处理器可读介质,其特征在于,进一步包括仅将计算出的成本度量满足第二优选准则的那些候选跃迁存储在所述存储器中的指令。
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CN107104759A (zh) * | 2008-02-04 | 2017-08-29 | 法国电信教育集团/巴黎电信学院 | 用于解码在多天线***中的信号的方法,对应的计算机软件产品和解码装置 |
CN107104759B (zh) * | 2008-02-04 | 2021-03-16 | 法国电信教育集团/巴黎电信学院 | 用于解码在多天线***中的信号的方法和解码装置 |
CN104468040A (zh) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-03-25 | 华南理工大学 | 一种基于信号特征的无线通信球解码算法 |
CN104468040B (zh) * | 2014-11-28 | 2018-04-13 | 华南理工大学 | 一种基于信号特征的无线通信球解码方法 |
CN106452522A (zh) * | 2015-08-06 | 2017-02-22 | 联发科技股份有限公司 | 在多个空间层上发送数据的方法以及用户设备 |
CN106452522B (zh) * | 2015-08-06 | 2019-08-30 | 联发科技股份有限公司 | 在多个空间层上发送数据的方法以及用户设备 |
CN109067409A (zh) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-12-21 | 东南大学 | 一种高效的列表球型极化解码方法及*** |
CN109067409B (zh) * | 2018-06-13 | 2021-11-12 | 东南大学 | 一种高效的列表球型极化解码方法及*** |
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US8462859B2 (en) | 2013-06-11 |
CN101228700B (zh) | 2012-08-15 |
WO2006130804A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
EP2124345A1 (en) | 2009-11-25 |
EP1897224A1 (en) | 2008-03-12 |
JP2008546320A (ja) | 2008-12-18 |
JP5209773B2 (ja) | 2013-06-12 |
KR20080025721A (ko) | 2008-03-21 |
US20060274836A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
EP1897224B1 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
TWI351858B (en) | 2011-11-01 |
TW200707998A (en) | 2007-02-16 |
JP2012070402A (ja) | 2012-04-05 |
JP4913803B2 (ja) | 2012-04-11 |
KR101049619B1 (ko) | 2011-07-14 |
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