CN1012053B - 特别适用于机动车的带变量泵液压装置 - Google Patents

特别适用于机动车的带变量泵液压装置

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CN1012053B
CN1012053B CN88100812A CN88100812A CN1012053B CN 1012053 B CN1012053 B CN 1012053B CN 88100812 A CN88100812 A CN 88100812A CN 88100812 A CN88100812 A CN 88100812A CN 1012053 B CN1012053 B CN 1012053B
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pressure
loop
valve
control cock
pump
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沃纳·蒂施彻
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/16—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/06—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle
    • B62D5/07—Supply of pressurised fluid for steering also supplying other consumers ; control thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20546—Type of pump variable capacity
    • F15B2211/20553—Type of pump variable capacity with pilot circuit, e.g. for controlling a swash plate
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    • F15B2211/25—Pressure control functions
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    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
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    • F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
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    • F15B2211/30515—Load holding valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30525—Directional control valves, e.g. 4/3-directional control valve
    • F15B2211/3053—In combination with a pressure compensating valve
    • F15B2211/30535—In combination with a pressure compensating valve the pressure compensating valve is arranged between pressure source and directional control valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/3056—Assemblies of multiple valves
    • F15B2211/30585—Assemblies of multiple valves having a single valve for multiple output members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/32—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/321—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation mechanically
    • F15B2211/325—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation mechanically actuated by an output member of the circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/405—Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve
    • F15B2211/40507—Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve with constant throttles or orifices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50509—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50518—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50563—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a differential pressure
    • F15B2211/50572—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a differential pressure using a pressure compensating valve for controlling the pressure difference across a flow control valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/515—Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit
    • F15B2211/5151—Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit being connected to a pressure source and a directional control valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/515—Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit
    • F15B2211/5159—Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit being connected to an output member and a return line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/55—Pressure control for limiting a pressure up to a maximum pressure, e.g. by using a pressure relief valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/555—Pressure control for assuring a minimum pressure, e.g. by using a back pressure valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/71—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders
    • F15B2211/7114—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders with direct connection between the chambers of different actuators
    • F15B2211/7121—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders with direct connection between the chambers of different actuators the chambers being connected in series
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    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/71—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders
    • F15B2211/7135—Combinations of output members of different types, e.g. single-acting cylinders with rotary motors

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
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  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

一个液压装置，它包括：一个变量泵(2)，用于优先将加压介质供给具有一个操纵阀(7)的操纵回路(4)；至少另一个具有流量分配阀(3)的液压工作回路(5)，分配阀(3)保证了操纵回路的优先；一个换向阀，它总是根据操纵回路或工作回路增高的液体压力调节该泵。在通向工作回路的输入管道上设置一个调节阀(25)，它与调节弹簧(28)共同调节位于工作回路(5)中的工作压力与输入导管(16)进口压力之间的平衡。

Description

本发明涉及一个液压装置，特别涉及适用于机动车的带变量泵液压装置，其中包括：一个变量泵，用于将加压介质优先供给一个带有操纵阀的操纵回路;至少另外的一个具有流量分配阀的液压工作回路，流量分配阀保证了操纵回路的优先;一个换向阀，它总是根据操纵回路或工作回路升高的液压，对泵进行调节。
在DE-OS3540236中，介绍了一个液压控制装置，其中流量分配阀是如此分配泵送液流的，工作流体通过一条支路流入操纵回路的操纵阀，剩余的泵送液流通过另一条支路进入工作液压装置的操纵或控制阀。同时流量分配阀优先将加压介质（通常情况下是油）供给对运行安全至关重要的操纵装置。此外，为操纵工作流，在泵流下游和在流量分配阀的一个控制端（Steuerkante）之后设置了一个测量孔板。通过测量孔板，一股少量的先导液流稳定地流经操纵阀的中央位置。在正常情况下，用于操纵工作流体的支路连接于上述所提的控制端与测量孔板之间。
按照这种方式，工作液压装置不会对操纵支路的工作压力产生影响。然而，对此不利的是，定量泵总以最高的压力和最大的流量进行输送。由于这个原因，在一项老专利申请中已经建议在液压装置中装入一个可调节流孔或换向阀，以便根据操纵回路的压力调节泵的输送量。因此实际上实现了依据负载的调节。当压差较小时，该泵朝着输送较多油量的方向转变。相反，当有一个较大压差时，该泵朝着较小输送量方向转变。
然而此时不利的是，当操纵的压力增高时，该泵朝着大输送油量方向转变，由此对工作液压装置产生影响。这种输送量的增加就会导致工作液压装置中的工作速度发生变化，进而可能产生干扰及危险。在这种情况下，必须用人工操作某一阀门来减小油流量。当两个液压回路处于全负载并且操纵的压力增高时，也会以相同的方式产生干扰。在这种情况下，该泵就输送其最大油量并且由于较小的阻力，而有一个相应较大的油量进入工作回路。
本发明的任务在于，设置一个开头所述类型的液压装置，在由于操纵回路的不同运行方式对输送油量和/或压力产生干扰时，可使这些干扰不会对工作液压装置产生影响。
根据本发明的可调阀实际上起到压力补偿器的作用。因此，工作液压装置中的工作速度不依赖于操纵压力动态。所以根据所选的过程，可使工作速度保持恒定。
本发明装置特别应用在具有可调液压装置的牵引机中，例如，用于动力输出轴的驱动。对于操纵装置过程，既可以应用液体静压操纵，也可用依赖负载信号或感应载荷信号而工作的液压操纵。
在调节阀中的平衡是这样实现的，即将通向工作回路的导管内的压力与工作回路的工作压力进行比较来实现，而工作回路仅由一个调节弹簧支持着。
在本发明的进一步结构中，用于工作液压装置的控制或操纵阀可装有一个调节装置。该调节装置能够自动地或通常情况下手动地进行操作。由此，可根据期望的工作速度设定调节活塞。
以简单的方式可以设置：在流量分配阀与工作液压装置的控制阀 之间设置一个调节阀，并在调节阀和用于工作液压装置的控制阀之间，分支出一条具有工作回路导管中的压力的控制管道。
以较佳的方式可以设置：一个由工作压力作用的控制管道从工作液压装置的控制阀通向一个换向阀。
通过上述控制管道和换向阀，就可使泵经由工作液压装置的工作压力进行调节。
下面参照液压***的连接示意图，在原理上对本发明的这一实施例加以描述。
该液压装置原则上是属于已知类型的，例如，在DE-OS3540236中所指的类型。变量泵2从油箱1中吸进加压油，并将加压油输送到流量分配阀3中。当没有操作液压回路（即操纵回路4和工作回路5）时，流量分配阀3限制泵2的加压油流。由流量分配阀3提供的一个分流用作为操纵阀7的操纵流导管6中的操纵流。测量孔板8安置在操纵流导管6内，位于泵2与操纵流导管6之间的、为该部分所附属的控制一端，即在流量分配阀3的恒值流量输出端中。按照这种方式，通过输入管道9被送入工作液压装置的输送液流的工作压力不对作用于测量孔板8的绝对压力产生影响。
操纵回路4为通常的结构，因此以下不再详细描述。通常情况下，它具有一个定量手动给油泵10，通过该泵实现对流入操纵阀7的压力介质的控制。它还设置在安全阀11和12，以及用于操纵作动筒15的单向阀13和14。从输入管道16到操纵回路之间，分支出通向换向阀19的两个控制导管17及18，通过这两个导管并依据操纵回路中的压力对变量泵2进行调节。
在工作回路5中，按通常的方式具有一个人工可调操作装置 21的控制或操作阀20。从控制阀20出发分支出一条通向换向阀19的控制管道22，控制管道22具有工作回路5的工作压力，由此根据在操纵回路4或工作回路5内的主导压力调整泵2。压力导管23以通常方式从控制阀20出发引至工作作动筒24。
在流量分配阀3和控制阀20之间加入一个调节阀25，它连入管道9中。调节阀25的调节元件在其相互对立的两侧边的一边，通过控制导管26而具有进口管道9中的压力，另一边通过控制导管27而且有从控制导管22分支的管27的控制压力。因为在控制导管22内工作液压装置的工作压力起主导作用。因此在调节阀25的调节元件的这一边就存在同样的工作压力。另外在这一边调节元件装有一个调节弹簧28。
调节阀起到压力平衡器或压力补偿器的作用。也就是说，它与调节弹簧28一起对下述两个压力进行一次比较，并由此在其间产生一个平衡状态，这两个压力是：位于通向控制阀20的输入管道内的压力和通过控制导管27在工作回路内的压力。上述过程的作用是：当在输入管道9内的压力下降时，工作作动筒24的工作速度可以保持不受操纵回路4中的压力动态的影响。当进口压力9增高时，为重建该平衡，通过在调节阀25的一次相应的位移使进口压力相应下降，因为在这种情况下，在调节阀内的调节元件相应地向右、即克服控制管道27的压力和弹簧28的压力的方向移动，因此削减了进口压力。

Claims (2)

1、液压装置包括：一个变量泵，用于优先将加压介质提供给具有操纵阀的操纵回路；至少另一个具有流量分配阀的液压工作回路，该流量分配阀保证了操纵回路的优先；一个换向阀，它总是根据操纵回路或工作回路中增高的流体压力调节该泵，
其特征在于：在通向工作回路(5)的管道(9)中，设置一个调节阀(25)，它与调节弹簧(28)共同调节工作回路中控制管道(27)内的压力与输入管道进口压力之间的平衡；和
在流量分配阀(3)与工作液压装置的控制阀(20)之间设置一个调节阀(25)，并且在调节阀(25)与工作液压装置的控制阀(20)之间分支出一个控制管道(26)，它具有工作回路(5)输入管道内的压力。
2、根据权利要求1的液压装置，其特征在于：由工作压力加载的控制管道（22）从工作液压装置的控制阀（20）通向换向阀（19）。
CN88100812A 1987-02-19 1988-02-11 特别适用于机动车的带变量泵液压装置 Expired CN1012053B (zh)

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BG (1) BG60155B2 (zh)
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CN100480517C (zh) * 2003-06-19 2009-04-22 谢莱夫特奥北方液压股份公司 支腿阀
CN100497007C (zh) * 2001-08-24 2009-06-10 米其林技术公司 非充气轮胎

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KR101382957B1 (ko) * 2006-12-21 2014-04-08 히다찌 겐끼 가부시키가이샤 작업 차량의 스티어링 시스템
US9315208B2 (en) * 2012-09-13 2016-04-19 Trw Automotive U.S. Llc Power steering apparatus
DE102014208019A1 (de) * 2014-04-29 2015-10-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hydraulische Steueranordnung für mehrere Aktuatoren
CN108266416B (zh) * 2018-01-25 2019-07-12 宁波日安精工机械有限公司 一种用于双泵***的流量分配阀

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100497007C (zh) * 2001-08-24 2009-06-10 米其林技术公司 非充气轮胎
CN100333953C (zh) * 2002-03-08 2007-08-29 萱场工业株式会社 动力转向的流量控制装置
CN100480517C (zh) * 2003-06-19 2009-04-22 谢莱夫特奥北方液压股份公司 支腿阀

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WO1988006114A1 (en) 1988-08-25
YU23288A (en) 1990-06-30
BG60155B2 (en) 1993-11-30
CN88100812A (zh) 1988-08-31
EP0346352A1 (de) 1989-12-20
SU1716967A3 (ru) 1992-02-28
DE3861769D1 (de) 1991-03-14

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