CN101194563A - Method for preventing cyanosis of cyanosis by using wildness eggplant transplantation - Google Patents

Abstract

A method which utilizes grafting of wild aubergines to prevent verticillium wilt of aubergines is applied to producing aubergines in protected grounds or outdoors in our country. The invention provides the method which utilizes wild aubergines with the name of super-support and cultivating aubergines grafting. The invention adopts the proposals that firstly, parental stocks and grafts are selected, which adopt wild aubergines with the name of super-support as parental stocks, the seeds of the wild aubergines are small and yellow-white, and the thousand seed weight is 1g, the natural growing height reaches 2m to 2.5m, the thicknesses of stems reach 10cm to 20cm, the diameters of fruits are 1-2cm, the color of peels is white-green in patterns. Grafting assortments are green aubergines, secondly, the grafting method is that parental stocks wild aubergines with the name of super-support are firstly sowed, during the period when two sheets of cotyledons are flattened, grafts are further sowed, when wild aubergines grow 5-7 sheets of true leaves, the wild aubergines are grafted by adopting the cleft grafting method, 2-3 sheets of true leaves are reserved beneath the parental stocks, 2-3 sheets of true leaves are reserved above grafting seedlings, the depth of notches is about 1.0-1.5cm, the healing temperature is 25-26 degrees in the daytime and 20-22 degrees in the night, and the humidity of the air is more than 95%.

Description

Utilize wild eggplant grafting to prevent the method for eggplant verticillium wilt

Technical field:

The present invention is applicable to that the protection ground of China's eggplant produces and open country production.Adopt wild eggplant of the present invention and the grafting of cultivation eggplant, can prevent eggplant verticillium wilt effectively, the plant strain growth stalwartness, eggplant output height, quality better reaches the pollution-free food production standard.

Background technology:

Eggplant is a kind of popularity vegetables that China people like food, and adaptability is strong, picking time is long, output is high, all common cultivated in all parts of the country.According to statistics, China's eggplant cultivated area had reached 1,450,000 hectares in 2006, and gross yield reaches 5,130 ten thousand tons, occupied important position in vegetables produce.Yet along with the continuous expansion of cultivated area, the problem in the production also occurs thereupon.Because cultivation (continuous cropping) continuously throughout the year, soil-borne disease (eggplant verticillium wilt) increases the weight of year by year, and is even more serious under particularly protection ground cultivation, the specialized condition of producing, the lighter's underproduction 30%～40%, weight person's total crop failure.Only this item China eggplant output will be lost 1100～1,500 ten thousand tons every year, and the reduction of income is 13,000,000,000 yuan approximately.Because eggplant verticillium wilt is by soilborne, chemical pesticide also is difficult to control, and causes environmental pollution, contamination of products.Therefore, how to prevent the eggplant soil-borne disease, guarantee to continue stable high yield, become the big problem that China's eggplant is produced.In the last few years, people begin to adopt and utilize the way of wild eggplant grafting to prevent eggplant verticillium wilt, adopt wild eggplant grafting cultivation eggplants such as " anti-sick VF ", " A Xisite ", " red eggplant " as (1997) such as Zhou Baoli, the sick effect of anti-verticillium wilt is respectively 60%, 53.8%, 76.9%, effect of increasing production was respectively for 15.8%, 13.5%, 21.1% (Liaoning agricultural science, 1997 the 1st phases: 53-55); Zhou Baoli etc. (1998) adopt wild eggplants such as " Solanum Torvum ", " red eggplant ", " RM " and cultivation eggplant " green oil skin " to carry out grafting, anti-verticillium wilt effect is respectively 85.8%, 71.4%, 64.2%, and effect of increasing production is respectively 75.7%, 36.2%, 28.5%.(northern gardening, 1998 the 3rd phases: 14-15).The disease resisting effect of above-mentioned wild eggplant rootstock does not also reach high disease-resistant degree.

The present invention adopts wild eggplant " super holder " (S.tor) to be stock and the grafting of cultivation eggplant, and disease resisting effect and effect of increasing production all exceed employed wild eggplant (stock) in the present production, have bigger using value.

Summary of the invention:

In order to solve the serious problem of eggplant verticillium wilt harm in the production, the invention provides a kind of wild eggplant " super holder " and method of cultivating the eggplant grafting utilized, reach the purpose that prevents eggplant verticillium wilt.The present invention adopts following proposal:

1. stock and scion are selected: adopt wild eggplant " super holder " as stock, this wild eggplant seed is little, yellow-white, thousand kernel weight 1g, the self-sow height reaches 2m～2.5m, and stem slightly reaches 10cm～20cm, fruit diameter 1～2cm, pericarp white green, have a decorative pattern; Scion variety is " a green eggplant ";

2. grafting method: the wild eggplant of sowing stock " super holder " earlier, during two cotyledons flatten, sow scion again; When wild eggplant grows 5～7 true leaves, adopt the cleft graft grafting; Stock keeps 2～3 true leaves below, and the scion seedling keeps 2～3 true leaves in the above, the dark about 1.0～1.5cm of otch; Grafting healing temperature is 25～26 ℃ of daytimes, and at 20～22 ℃ of nights, air humidity is more than 95%.

Beneficial effect of the present invention

1. the resisting verticillium effect is remarkable

Adopt " super holder " as stock and " green eggplant " grafting, contrast is: Solanum Torvum, CRP, red eggplant, the own-rooted tree contrast is green eggplant, the result shows (table 1), adopt " super holder " grafting, comparable contrast stock " Solanum Torvum " reduce morbidity 4.08%, comparison according to stock " CRP " reduce morbidity 6.23%, comparison reduces morbidity 18.86%, reduces than own-rooted tree (contrast) and fall ill 59.25% according to stock " red eggplant ".

The different stock grafting eggplant of table 1 resisting verticillium effect (2003)

Handle	May 9		May 16		May 23		May 30
									Morbidity %	Disease refers to	Morbidity %	Disease refers to	Morbidity %	Disease refers to	Morbidity %	Disease refers to
	Super holder Solanum Torvum	0 0	0 0	0 0	0 0	2.08 3.47	0.52 0.86	3.25 7.33									1.56 3.68

The red eggplant CK of CRP

0 0 0.69

0 0 0.17

0 0 15.28

0 0 5.73

3.95 8.33 34.03

0.97 2.08 14.93

9.48 22.11 62.50

5.01 18.86 46.88

2. strengthen eggplant growth potential

2003 in Agricultural University Of Shenyang's vegetables base test, in the first fruit phase investigation grafting guinea squash index (table 2) of growing, the result shows: the eggplant plant height of " super holder " grafting reaches 68cm, the root 80.2g that weighs, the stem 279.7g that weighs, stem slightly reaches 1.67cm, the leaf 184.8g that weighs, every index all is higher than contrast stock (Solanum Torvum, CRP, red eggplant) and own-rooted tree (green eggplant), has obviously strengthened the plant strain growth gesture, for volume increase is had laid a good foundation.

The different stock grafting eggplant of table 2 growth and development state (2003,10 strains are average)

Handle	Stem thick (cm)	Plant height (cm)	Root heavy (g)	Stem heavy (g)	Ye Chong (g)
						The red eggplant CK of super holder Solanum Torvum CRP	1.67 1.64 1.59 1.58 1.27	68 57 54 51 44	80.2 75.9 72.1 69.7 47.8	279.7 256.3 246.8 237.4 128.5	184.8 178.7 170.2 166.3 114.8

3. increase eggplant output

2003, result of the test average (table 3) in 2,004 two adopts " super holder " grafting, comparable contrast (own-rooted tree) volume increase 155.6%, and adopt the amount of increase in production of Solanum Torvum, CRP, red eggplant, only be 101.8%, 94.7%, 65.8%.As seen the effect of increasing production of " super holder " is significantly better than existing stock.

The effect of increasing production of the different stock grafting eggplants of table 3 (2003,2004 is average)

Handle	Fruit number (individual/district)	Output (kg/ sub-district)	Than CK volume increase %	Significance relatively
						0.05	0.01
				The red eggplant CK of super holder Solanum Torvum CRP	332 264 255 236 148			67.30 53.13 51.27 43.66 26.33	155.6 101.8 94.7 65.8 0	a b b c d	A B B C D

4. processing ease, survival rate height

Use the present invention program, simple to operate, the peasant grasps easily, and graft survival rate reaches more than 90%.Because protection effect is remarkable, the input that can save agricultural chemicals, eggplant output height, the quality better produced have non-harmful characteristics, are subjected to very much truck grower's welcome.

Embodiment:

1. the selection of stock and scion: produce season at eggplant, select for use wild eggplant " super holder " as stock.Selecting local cultivar " green eggplant " is scion.The wild eggplant of sowing " super holder " after two cotyledons of its rootstock seedling flatten, is sowed scion more earlier.

2. grafting method: when rootstock seedling grows 5～7 true leaves, adopt the cleft graft grafting.That is: there is the nutritive cube of rootstock seedling to place on the grafting platform with long, keeps 2 true leaves, with blade truncation stock stem, top is removed, rive the otch of the downward about 1.0～1.5cm of cutting-in in the stem centre.Then scion is dialled down, keep 2～3 true leaves, remove the lower end with blade, and be whittled into wedge shape, the size of wedge shape is suitable with the stock otch, inserts in the otch of stock with being about to scion, after the alignment, fixes with Grafting clip.

3. grafting management: grafting healing temperature is 25～26 ℃ of daytimes, 20～22 ℃ of nights.Suitable air humidity is more than 95%.Need carry out the shading management, and avoid sunlight direct irradiation rice shoot in 3～4 days after the grafting.Spray first and second noon every day, keeps higher levels of humidity.Until surviving fully, change normal management over to.After the interface healing, should in time extract stock and sprout leaf.Remove Grafting clip during field planting.Adopt two trainings of doing after the field planting, the lifting rope cultivation, plant height can reach more than the 2m.The vine growth and development stalwartness, output height, quality better.

Claims (2)

1. utilize wild eggplant grafting to prevent the method for eggplant verticillium wilt, it is characterized in that adopting following proposal:

(1) stock and scion are selected: adopt wild eggplant " super holder " as stock, this wild eggplant seed is little, yellow-white, thousand kernel weight 1g, and the self-sow height reaches 2m～2.5m, and stem slightly reaches 10cm～20cm, fruit diameter 1～2cm, pericarp is white green, have decorative pattern; Scion variety is " a green eggplant ";

(2) grafting method: the wild eggplant of sowing stock " surpasses holder " earlier, during two cotyledons flatten, sows scion again; When wild eggplant grows 5～7 true leaves, adopt the cleft graft grafting; Stock keeps 2～3 true leaves below, and the scion seedling keeps 2～3 true leaves in the above, the dark about 1.0～1.5cm of otch; Grafting healing temperature is 25～26 ℃ of daytimes, and at 20～22 ℃ of nights, air humidity is more than 95%.

2. according to claim 1ly utilize wild eggplant grafting to prevent the method for eggplant verticillium wilt, it is characterized in that:

(1) selection of stock and scion: produce season at eggplant, select for use wild eggplant " super holder " as stock; Selecting cultivar " green eggplant " is scion; The wild eggplant of sowing stock " super holder " after 2 cotyledons of its rootstock seedling flatten, is sowed scion more earlier;

(2) grafting method: when rootstock seedling grows 5～7 true leaves, adopt the cleft graft grafting; That is: there is the nutritive cube of rootstock seedling to place on the grafting platform with long, keeps 2 true leaves, with blade truncation stock stem, top is removed, rive the otch of the downward about 1.0～1.5cm of cutting-in in the stem centre; Then scion is dialled down, keep 2～3 true leaves, remove the lower end with blade, and be whittled into wedge shape, the size of wedge shape is suitable with the stock otch, inserts in the otch of stock with being about to scion, after the alignment, fixes with Grafting clip;

(3) grafting management: grafting healing temperature is 25～26 ℃ of daytimes, 20～22 ℃ of nights; Air humidity is more than 95%.