CN101192705B - Super short wave all-frequency band combined airplane antenna - Google Patents
Super short wave all-frequency band combined airplane antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN101192705B CN101192705B CN 200610022328 CN200610022328A CN101192705B CN 101192705 B CN101192705 B CN 101192705B CN 200610022328 CN200610022328 CN 200610022328 CN 200610022328 A CN200610022328 A CN 200610022328A CN 101192705 B CN101192705 B CN 101192705B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a USW full frequency band combinatorial airborne antenna, which comprises a structure formed by a 108 to 400 MHz micro-strip antenna which is installed in the antenna fairing;, on the micro-strip antenna fairing, at least one 30 to 88 MHz antenna radiator that is electrically and parallel connected with the micro-strip antenna fairing is installed, thus forming a USW high and low frequency bands antenna combinatorial structure. By adopting an optimized combination of a double-layer capping cordwood series structure, the invention not only further improves the low frequency characteristic of the antenna, enhances the insulation between the micro-strip antenna and an antenna with a low frequency expander circuit, but also greatly avoids obstruction and interference between the high and the low frequency bands of the two paralleled upper and lower antennas. A combined loop circuit tower-layer expander circuit antenna array excellently solves the contradiction of the deviation between aircraft air performance requirement and antenna frequency band wavelength characteristic. Proved by tests, gain is increased by over 13dB, radiation power is increased by 20 times and air-to-air communications distance is increased by over 4 times.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of large-sized complex aircraft airborne antenna, specifically, relate to corresponding band airborne station or data transmission equipment are supporting and finish vacant lot, absolutely empty communicate by letter or data set carries the ultrashort wave omnidirectional antenna.
Background technology
Be loaded on the antenna structure on the aircraft, its function and performance are different from general engineering structure, it not only wants the requirement on electric performance of antenna, and will satisfy the requirement of weight requirement and overall dimension, interface relationship, version, also will be subject to the limitation and restriction of aeroperformance and loading condition.The weight that must as much as possible reach installation equipment requires and as much as possible weight reduction.It is the conflict that mutually deviates from that the aeroperformance of aircraft or other aircraft requires with the antenna band wavelength characteristic, the physical dimension that is loaded in other words carry-on airborne antenna can not be too large, otherwise can not satisfy the aeroperformance requirement, but the telecommunications of antenna can require the physical dimension of antenna then can not be too little.Particularly in the low-frequency range and very high frequency(VHF) scope of hyperfrequency, often to limit because of size, antenna size is corresponding＜＜λ/4, input impedance is obvious reactance feature, and antenna gain is very low not to be said, and hard problem is to be difficult to realize impedance matching.Therefore the blade antenna that is used at present being loaded on the aircraft, particularly helicopter fails to address this problem always.Air force's emphasis Model engineering is once low because of this class antenna performance low-band gain, causes absolutely empty communication distance not reach index request and affects the design typification of engineering.This profile is the airborne knife-edge communication antenna of blade-like fairing, and by the antenna radiator that is fixed on pedestal, profile on the body and is the blade-like fairing, intermediate insulation packing ring and bottom outer sleeve consist of.Coaxial line in the outer sleeve links to each other with the active antenna radiant body with input-output socket respectively.The airborne knife-edge communication antenna that also has in addition a kind of similar described situation is to be sandwiched in the passive antenna that consists of between the antenna dome with lamina Reflector Panel Sandwich Plates or with honeycomb sandwich construction, and the upper radome of installing in the rotor shaft of U.S.'s apache helicopter top is oblate, 132 centimetres of diameters, high 76 centimetres " longbow " radar dome all is such antenna structure.Its major defect is to realize the low-frequency range of hyperfrequency and the compatibility in the very high frequency(VHF) scope.
The microstrip antenna structure antenna of at present armed helicopter use, its shape and structure adopts oblate radome and the antenna radiator of installing on shape such as the U.S.'s apache helicopter.This antenna mainly is comprised of antenna radiator and the radome of built-in double-sided reflecting panel.This antenna only has a microstrip antenna frequency high-end.And only be difficult to full frequency band is covered with a microstrip antenna.Therefore this antenna can not satisfy omnidirectional radiation and the gain requirement of regulation, and communication capacity is very limited.
The present invention is further improvement and the development to above-mentioned prior art.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of loaded circuit that seals in and introduce new stationary field, can offset with the original stationary field of antenna input avoids the height frequency range mutually to disturb, can be compatible to ultrashort wave height frequency range, the super short wave all-frequency band combined airplane antenna that full frequency band covers.
In order to achieve the above object, a kind of super short wave all-frequency band combined airplane antenna provided by the invention, comprise, 108～400MHZ frequency channel microstrip antenna structure that is assemblied in the antenna dome, it is characterized in that, on described 108～400MHZ frequency channel microstrip antenna radome fairing, also combination is equipped with a 30～88MHZ band antenna radiator parallel with 108～400MHZ frequency channel microstrip antenna, and is electrically connected up and down ultrashort wave height frequency range antenna assembly construction of composition.
Described antenna radiator of the present invention contains low frequency extension circuit.
The helical antenna circuit that the serial loop tower layer circuit that low frequency extension circuit of the present invention is a mutual series connection or helical disk rise.
Also connect between the serial loop of the present invention and be connected to the loaded in series circuit.
30～88MHZ band antenna radiator of the present invention is the low frequency extension circuit antenna by low frequency extension circuit loaded in series the electric circuit constitute.
The top of the two-sided multiple copper Reflector Panel of microstrip antenna of the present invention has been cut and has been cut off band, and Reflector Panel is cut off into up and down two conductive layers, and by the loaded circuit of centre series connection with its UNICOM.
The present invention has following beneficial effect than prior art.
The modern antennas theory has discussion for " loaded antenna " more, but on airborne antenna there are no the application example of loaded in series technology at airborne antenna.The present invention determines as the case may be antenna panel is therefrom cut off is divided into conductive segment and seals in therein loaded circuit, introduce new stationary field, can introduce certain reactive component to adapt to the required of different match condition, offset with the original stationary field of its antenna input, can not produce and make the rapidly horizontal polarization field of decay of electric field signal, and only have the perpendicular polarization field that is difficult for producing polarization current, thus avoided the significantly decay of energy, guaranteed the effect spread that has of signal.The present invention adopts the optimum organization of double layer top adding cordwood system type cascaded structure and the ground connection separator of I shape head, not only further improved the low frequency characteristic of antenna and with the microstrip antenna lobe compression, increased the isolation of microstrip antenna and low frequency extension circuit antenna, and avoided dramatically mutually pining down and disturbing of two parallel antennas height frequency range up and down, improved high low side electrical quantity performance, made the requirement of aircraft aeroperformance and antenna band wavelength characteristic mutually deviate from this a pair of unity of contradictions body and reached perfect unification.High band of the present invention adopts full microstrip antenna as antenna radiator, low-frequency range adopts serial loop loaded antenna or helical antenna combination, further dwindled antenna size, improved airborne characteristic gain (low frequency end is far from being) and improved impedance matching property.The loop tower layer extension circuit antenna battle array that this serial loop ring layer forms, the row ripple links to each other, and changes with frequency, can automatically adjust to best end-fire condition on wider frequency band, makes the frequency band of low frequency extension circuit antenna become wider.The circular polarization field radiation that produces on the axis direction or reception entelechy ripple, axial ratio is near 1, voltage standing wave(VSW) is also very little, pattern shapes is substantially constant, and obviously improved the electrical quantity of 30～88MHZ frequency range, further promoted 30～88MHZ band gain, obtained satisfied directional characteristic and obstructed characteristic.The full microstrip antenna of the present invention has identical high end parts with low frequency extension circuit antenna.30～88MHZ the frequency range that constitutes and the combination of 108～400MHZ frequency range, two lines, through Xian Electronics Science and Technology University's antenna and electromagnetic scattering research institute test proof, communication distance reaches more than 100 kilometers.Comprehensive inferred-zero, its ultrashort wave low-frequency gain improves more than the 13dB than prototype antenna, and radiant power is about 20 times of primary antenna radiant power, and absolutely empty communication distance improves more than 4 times, compares its gain with similar antenna and generally improves 3～5dB.This serial loop tower layer low frequency extension circuit theory can further be understood by the formula of Hertz antenna radiant power.The radiant power of Hertz antenna
(in the formula: I-is the current amplitude of oscillator, and l-is the geometrical length of element antenna, λ-be operation wavelength) this shows,
The serial loop loaded circuit is according to long-line theory, and when antenna height h=λ/4, current amplitude has maximum, therefore, and l
2↑ → | I|
2↑, simultaneously
, its radiant power at this moment
The exponentially rule is significantly risen.At this moment, the distance of flowing through as increasing antenna current just equals to have improved antenna length L.Both reduced the antenna oscillator height, shortened again the length of equivalent transmission line, improved the impedance matching bandwidth, realized that omnirange IFF and ATC transmitted and received.It can instantaneous covering omnibearing angle, be 100% to the real-time intercept probability of target radar signal on every side.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structure full section schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the A-A of Fig. 1 is to analysing and observe left view.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is that the present invention is built in a kind of stereoscopic-state schematic diagram that loads low frequency extension circuit structure on low frequency extension head antenna dome surface.
Concrete structure of the present utility model is provided by following embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof.
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but therefore do not limit the present invention among the described scope of embodiments.All these designs should be considered as the disclosed content of present technique and protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1～Fig. 3 has described the oblate radome of being made by nonmetal insulator, by the Reflector Panel that metallic conductor is made, makes the super short wave all-frequency band combined airplane antenna 17 that forms.It is one with the cordwood system type cascaded structure of double layer top adding, also be one by the most preferred embodiment of ultrashort wave height frequency range antenna assembly construction up and down.Wherein, one with base 6 and high frequency output socket 5, inner clip is equipped with the microstrip antenna radome fairing 15 of lamina 16 two-sided multiple copper Reflector Panels 20, is to have to be equivalent to the version that prior art is assemblied in microstrip antenna radome fairing 15 interior composition 108～400MHZ frequency channel microstrip antennas.Its antenna dome is built-in with the equivalent single layer plate 16 of a nonmetal Sandwich Plates, and vertically being inserted on the lamina 16 of microstrip antenna radome fairing 15 has two-sided copperclad plate Reflector Panel 20 same as the prior art again, consists of antenna radiator circuit main board 4.Its special character is that the top of two-sided multiple copper Reflector Panel 20 has been cut to cut off and has been with 14.Reflector Panel 20 is cut off into up and down two conductive layers, and by the loaded circuit 7 of centre series connection with its UNICOM.Under being electrically connected, the extension crimp copperclad plate 8 that is positioned at the conductive layer of epimere takes over a business electric conductor 3.Be electrically connected on I shape head on the microstrip antenna radome fairing 15 by its aluminium matter angled connector or other mechanical systems.The I shape head have one be equivalent to the ground connection separator take over a business electric conductor 1.Take over a business electric conductor 1 bottom and be connected with and the essentially identical non-metal antenna radome fairing 18 of microstrip antenna radome fairing 15 shape sizes the low frequency extension head under formation can be dismantled easily.
Lumen orifice wall surface at non-metal antenna radome fairing 18 endoporus 12 is shaped with the multiple copper ring road of the series connection band 2 of making by photoetching.Each loop band is equivalent to a planar coil, and forming from bottom to top, helical disk rises stacked loop ring layer.Multiple copper ring road band 2 connects by connecting band among the figure 13, and planar coil is composed in series tower layer loop ring layer, forms the loop antenna battle array.For the convenience in the processing, do not get rid of the outer surface that described serial loop ring layer is produced on described non-metal antenna radome fairing 18.Can be shaped with equally to extend at the terminal endless belt of serial loop ring layer and connect the copper sheet 11 that is connected to upper rminal disc electric conductor 1, be overlapped in by copper sheet 11 crimps on the crimp card that is pressed in the non-metal antenna cover, conducting is the electrical connection of antenna up and down.Between the serial loop that is formed by multiple copper ring road band 2 at least series connection be connected to loaded circuit 9, the loaded circuit 10 of two lumped parameters.Like this, loaded circuit and the multiple copper ring road of series connection band 2 composition tower layer loop circles have just consisted of loading low frequency extension circuit of the present invention.Low frequency extension circuit and upper rminal disc electric conductor 7 consist of low frequency extension head microstrip antenna radome fairing 15 together.Overlapping non-metal antenna radome fairing 18, the microstrip antenna radome fairing 15 of double-deck cordwood system type series connection can connect combination by dihedral aluminium matter connector.Microstrip antenna radome fairing 15, non-metal antenna radome fairing 18 are the vitals that bear the aircraft aerodynamic loading.So antenna dome can be selected good heat resistance, dielectric property are good, and the epoxy resin fiberglass that the wave transparent rate is high is made.Its shape can be the nonmetal oblate structure of dimidiation symmetry, also can be polygon, can also be two semi-symmetric trapezoidal combinations, and profile satisfies aerodynamic shape as far as possible and the streamline geometry is the best.Its profile is selected streamlined structure, and material can be selected the composite materials such as its specific strength is high, wave penetrate capability is good fiberglass or epoxy resin fiberglass, preimpregnation cloth covering, middle high-temperature pressurizing moulding, outer coating black antistatic lacquer.Present embodiment preferred high strength fiber glass epoxy is the lightest to reach antenna structure weight.Be technologic convenience, antenna dome can form the bulk flow linear structure by slitless connection.To reduce flight resistance, satisfy aeroperformance and can be anti-icing, snow defence, anti-salt fog, grease proofing and anti-most of common chemical fumes.
In the up and down ultrashort wave full frequency band airborne antenna combining structure that microstrip antenna that present embodiment is described and low frequency extension circuit antenna form, for low-frequency range, microstrip antenna is equivalent to one section transmission line.For high band, loaded circuit is equivalent to low pass filter, and presents high resistant.
During antenna work, electric current is from high-frequency socket 5 input → antenna radiator circuit main boards 4 → loaded circuit 19, and → antenna radiator circuit main board 4 tops → crimp copperclad plate 8 → lower take over a business that copper ring road band 2 is answered in electric conductor 3 → series connection and loaded circuit 9 → upper rminal disc electric conductor 1 is finished path
Fig. 4 has described a kind of version of low frequency extension circuit serial loop band tower layer loop circle of the present invention.Eight stacked loops are arranged among the figure from bottom to up, the loop of different numbers can be arranged as the case may be.Stacked loop forms tower layer loop loop current loop with connecting band 13 series connections.Be in series with two but to be not limited to be the loading low frequency extension circuit that two loaded circuits 9,10 consist of in the current circuit.A-b among the figure, c-d are the axis of symmetry of low frequency extension circuit.Electric current is inputted the second loop that flows to from top to bottom from the lower end, electric current I is divided into two-way reverse current i
1, i
2, flow into three loops after joining, and again be divided into i
1, i
2, joining to flow through at the 3rd loop enters the Fourth Ring road behind the loaded circuit 9, makes circular current be flowing in horizontal direction electric current I in the flow process
1, I
2, oppositely disappear mutually, make it only have the perpendicular polarization field, do not produce the horizontal polarization field.The like, its electric current is curved from bottom to up flow around, increase the operation length distance.Circular current becomes square wave, square ripple, cylindrical wave etc.In addition, loop circuit is not necessarily taked symmetric form, i
1, i
2The thickness of diverse location conductive strip can be chosen in the meeting point can be different, so all can introduce certain reactive component to adapt to the required of different match condition.
Embodiment 2
When operating frequency of antenna was higher, if the antenna radiator made from metal plate, antenna current was only along dull and stereotyped longitudinal edge along flowing.Based on the super skin effect of high-frequency current, the dull and stereotyped edge of Reflector Panel 20 can be cut into concavo-convex alternate arc toothedly, and needn't make the imperial shape of hollow, still can reach the effect characteristic that low frequency extends.
Between two-sided multiple copper Reflector Panel bottom and metallic conductor antenna base 6, can also be connected with loaded circuit 19.
Embodiment 3
The antenna radiator that the present invention is electrically connected described microstrip antenna can be the wire antenna on parallel its radome, planar antenna.
Described loaded circuit can be by resistance, also can be resistance, inductance coil, can also be that resistance, inductance coil, capacitances in series or equivalent electric circuit in parallel form.Or low pass filter equivalent electric circuit.Described loaded circuit has special definition at relevant textbook.
Claims (8)
1. super short wave all-frequency band combined airplane antenna, comprise, 108～400MHZ frequency channel microstrip antenna structure that is assemblied in the microstrip antenna radome fairing, it is characterized in that, on described microstrip antenna radome fairing, also be equipped with 30～88MHZ band antenna radiator that is electrically connected with 108～400MHZ frequency channel microstrip antenna, and form thus the up and down overlapping high and low frequency range antenna assembly construction of ultrashort wave.
2. super short wave all-frequency band combined airplane antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described antenna radiator contains low frequency extension circuit.
3. super short wave all-frequency band combined airplane antenna according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the helical antenna circuit that the serial loop tower layer circuit that described low frequency extension circuit is a mutual series connection or helical disk rise.
4. super short wave all-frequency band combined airplane antenna according to claim 3 is characterized in that, also connecting between the described serial loop is connected to the loaded in series circuit.
5. super short wave all-frequency band combined airplane antenna according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described serial loop tower layer circuit is on non-metal antenna radome fairing (18) mask body intracavity surface or outer surface.
6. super short wave all-frequency band combined airplane antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described 30～88MHZ band antenna radiator is the low frequency extension circuit antenna by low frequency extension circuit loaded in series the electric circuit constitute.
7. super short wave all-frequency band combined airplane antenna according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the top of the two-sided multiple copper Reflector Panel (20) of described microstrip antenna has been cut and has been cut off band (14), Reflector Panel (20) is cut off into up and down two conductive layers, and by the loaded circuit (7) of centre series connection with its UNICOM.
8. super short wave all-frequency band combined airplane antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described height frequency range antenna assembly construction comprises low frequency extension head non-metal antenna radome fairing (18) and microstrip antenna radome fairing (15).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200610022328 CN101192705B (en) | 2006-11-26 | 2006-11-26 | Super short wave all-frequency band combined airplane antenna |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200610022328 CN101192705B (en) | 2006-11-26 | 2006-11-26 | Super short wave all-frequency band combined airplane antenna |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101192705A CN101192705A (en) | 2008-06-04 |
| CN101192705B true CN101192705B (en) | 2013-01-02 |
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| CN 200610022328 Expired - Fee Related CN101192705B (en) | 2006-11-26 | 2006-11-26 | Super short wave all-frequency band combined airplane antenna |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102738573B (en) * | 2012-06-09 | 2015-01-07 | 陕西凌云电器集团有限公司 | Airborne navigation antenna |
| CN114883795A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-09 | 上海海积信息科技股份有限公司 | Antenna |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2049022U (en) * | 1989-02-01 | 1989-12-06 | 中国人民解放军空军第二研究所 | Supershortwave antenna with wide band for airplane |
| CN2212267Y (en) * | 1994-11-17 | 1995-11-08 | 国营涪江机器厂 | Full direction wide band antenna on aeroplane |
| RU2277737C1 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2006-06-10 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Обнинское научно-производственное предприятие "Технология" | Auxiliary heat shield of airborne antenna in head antenna fairing of flying vehicle |
-
2006
- 2006-11-26 CN CN 200610022328 patent/CN101192705B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2049022U (en) * | 1989-02-01 | 1989-12-06 | 中国人民解放军空军第二研究所 | Supershortwave antenna with wide band for airplane |
| CN2212267Y (en) * | 1994-11-17 | 1995-11-08 | 国营涪江机器厂 | Full direction wide band antenna on aeroplane |
| RU2277737C1 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2006-06-10 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Обнинское научно-производственное предприятие "Технология" | Auxiliary heat shield of airborne antenna in head antenna fairing of flying vehicle |
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| CN101192705A (en) | 2008-06-04 |
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