CN101172882A - Method for producing high-strength shock resistant heat insulating porous ceramic - Google Patents
Method for producing high-strength shock resistant heat insulating porous ceramic Download PDFInfo
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- CN101172882A CN101172882A CNA2007100311072A CN200710031107A CN101172882A CN 101172882 A CN101172882 A CN 101172882A CN A2007100311072 A CNA2007100311072 A CN A2007100311072A CN 200710031107 A CN200710031107 A CN 200710031107A CN 101172882 A CN101172882 A CN 101172882A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a producing method of vibration resisting and heat isolating multi-hole ceramic with high intensity. The method comprises the steps as follows: grinding the porzite ball with purity bigger than 98.4 percent to the porzite powder with granularity smaller than 1 micrometers, adding mixed sol of zirconium hydroxide and yttrium hydroxide produced by adopting the commonly depositing method into the porzite powder, adding trolamine as the dispesant, mixing evenly, drying, calcining in a temperature range of 500 to 900 DEG C and then acquiring the evenly distributed zirconia/porzite powder body of the zirconia; then adding amylum into the ethanol without water, using ultrasonic to disperse and adds the amylum into the zirconia/porzite powder body. After the grain is produced, the invention adopts the dry pressing firstly and then the static press moulding , eliminates amylum when the indoor temperature is ascended to 700 DEG C, then quickly ascends temperature to 1500 to 1600 DEG C so as to burn to the vibration resisting and heat isolating porous ceramics with high intensity. The porous ceramics produced by the invention has high intensity, small aperture of the air hole, much centralized distribution, good thermal shock resisting capacity and heat isolating capacity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high performance structure ceramic material and field of porous materials, specifically be meant a kind of method for preparing high-strength shock resistant heat insulating porous zirconia plasticizing mullite ceramic.
Background technology
Mullite ceramic has good chemical stability, thermal shock resistance, creep resistance, and in whole crystallization range, does not cause the polymorphic transition change of volume change etc., is a kind of good pottery, obtains wide application.At present, mullite is widely used in heat-stable materials such as crucible, protecting tube and thermocouple well.As good refractory materials, mullite brick is widely used in metallurgy and ceramic industry.At aerospace field, mullite ceramic also can be used as hot protecting materials and is used in aircraft and spaceship guiding leading edge, and the vapor pipe of rocket and aircraft engine dress cover and shielding case.Mullite as coated material to easy oxidation under the high temperature and evaporable material such as Si
3N
4, SiC protects, and improves the high temperature life of material.But the room-temperature mechanical property of mullite is lower, and fracture toughness property is about 2.0 MPam
1/2, intensity is about 200MPa, pure mullite burns till the comparison difficulty, needs the comparatively high temps (1700～1800 ℃) just can sintering, and its application is restricted.
At the lower phenomenon of the room-temperature mechanical property of mullite, mechanical property by method improves mullite such as zirconium white transformation toughening, particle dispersion be toughness reinforcing, fiber reinforced, all obtained reasonable effect, it is economical and practical and effect is obvious that wherein zirconium white improves the method for mullite mechanical property.The mechanism of ZTM mainly is that transformation toughening and tiny crack are toughness reinforcing.Adopt the ZrO of different methods preparation
2The room temperature bending strength and the fracture toughness property of plasticizing mullite ceramic (ZTM) are respectively 270～500 MPa and 3.2～5.2MPam
1/2, to compare with pure mullite ceramic material, room-temperature mechanical property is greatly improved.
But will be as lagging material, must further reduce its thermal conductivity, preparing porous mullite is the method that effectively reduces thermal conductivity, with mullite is that raw material is made the thermal conductivity that porous ceramics not only can further reduce mullite material, equally distributed spilehole also can improve the heat-shock resistance of material simultaneously, and mullite can be used under the environment that the heat-shock resistance and the thermal insulation of material are had relatively high expectations.But porous mullite further reduces owing to the existence meeting of pore in the pottery room temperature strength of mullite ceramic, so the research of porous mullite is not subjected to enough attention so far.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is shortcoming, provide a kind of intensity height, the porous ceramics of good thermal shock and good heat-insulation effect at prior art.
The present invention is on the basis of the mechanical property that adds zirconium white raising mullite, and as pore-forming material, starch burning back produces less closed pores in a large number in matrix, reach the effect of heat insulation of raising mullite and the purpose of heat-shock resistance by interpolation starch.
The object of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of preparation method of high-strength shock resistant heat insulating porous ceramic comprises the steps and processing condition:
(1) purity is obtained the mullite powder of granularity less than 1 μ m greater than 98.4% mullite ball milling;
(2) be starting raw material with zirconium oxychloride and Yttrium trichloride, adopt coprecipitation method to prepare zirconium hydroxide and yttrium hydroxide mixed sols, the mixed sols that is obtained, join in the mullite powder of step (1) after washing through washing, alcohol, the adding trolamine is a dispersion agent, the finely dispersed zirconium oxide/mullite powder of zirconium white is prepared in mixed even after drying, 500～900 ℃ of scope calcinings; Zirconium white accounts for 5～30vol% of zirconium oxide/mullite powder; The trolamine add-on is zirconium oxide/mullite powder 0.5wt%;
(3) in dehydrated alcohol, add starch, with ultrasonic wave it was disperseed 5 minutes then, and under the continuous agitation condition, obtain the finely dispersed starch suspension liquid of starch, it is joined in the zirconium oxide/mullite powder of step (2), after mixing, obtain amyloid zirconium oxide/mullite powder; Wherein starch is 5～30wt% of zirconium oxide/mullite powder;
(4) the amyloid zirconium oxide/mullite powder of step (3) gained is crossed 50～100 mesh sieves after granulation, adopts dry-pressing formed hydrostatic profile more earlier;
(5) step (4) products therefrom is warmed up to 700 ℃ from room temperature, removes starch, be rapidly heated again to 1500 ℃～1600 ℃ and burn till high-strength shock resistant heat insulating porous ceramic.
The mixed sols of described zirconium hydroxide and yttrium hydroxide is by following coprecipitation method gained: the proportioning that according to yttrium oxide and zirconium white mol ratio is 3: 97, zirconium oxychloride and Yttrium trichloride are added distilled water, and to be made into concentration be 10g/l～70g/l solution, after stirring 2 h, slowly add ammoniacal liquor, regulate pH value to 9～10, generate the mixed sols of zirconium hydroxide and yttrium hydroxide.
Mixing to mixing by ball milling of described step (2) realizes.
Described hyperacoustic power is 100W, and frequency is 40KHZ.
Describedly be warmed up to 700 ℃ for temperature-gradient method, at first heat up with 3 ℃/min in room temperature～120 ℃ scope from room temperature; In 120～240 ℃ of scopes, heat up then with 5 ℃/min; Starch pasting scope (240～360 ℃) heats up with 0.5 ℃/min and respectively be incubated 1h when 280 ℃ and 300 ℃; In 360～440 ℃ of scopes, heat up with 2 ℃/min; In starch combustion range (440～540 ℃), heat up and when 480 ℃ and 500 ℃, be incubated 2h with 0.5 ℃/min; Temperature rise rate with 2 ℃/min is raised to 700 ℃ at last, burns the starch in the sample.
The present invention has following advantage and effect:
(1) adopts the commercial high-purity mullite powder of high-energy ball milling to obtain submicron order mullite powder, can accomplish scale production.
(2) adopt coprecipitation method to add zirconium white, zirconium white is dispersed in the mullite, zirconia particles is more tiny, can reduce defective in the sample, and improves the mechanical property of mullite by the tetragonal zircite transformation toughening.
(3) in sample, produce the spilehole of remaining silent in a large number by the rice starch that adds fine size and centralized particle diameter, both reduced the thermal conductivity of sample, the thermal stresses that produces in the time of can alleviating the sample expanded by heating again.
(4) under the prerequisite of Zirconium oxide plasticizing reinforcement mullite, adopt the method for adding pore-forming material to prepare the porous zirconia plasticizing mullite ceramic, prepare the porous material of a kind of intensity height, heat-proof quality and good thermal shock.
Embodiment
For better understanding the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, but the scope of protection of present invention is not limited to the scope that embodiment represents.
Embodiment 1
The first step: commercial high-purity mullite (purity is greater than 98.4%) is carried out ball milling with high-energy mill (superflow), obtain the mullite powder of granularity less than 1 μ m;
Second goes on foot: the proportioning that according to yttrium oxide and zirconium white mol ratio is 3: 97, zirconium oxychloride and Yttrium trichloride adding distilled water are made into 50g/l solution, after stirring 2h, slowly add ammoniacal liquor, regulate pH value to 9～10, generate the mixed sols of zirconium hydroxide and yttrium hydroxide, joining granularity after washing, dehydrated alcohol dehydration is in the 0.78 μ m mullite powder, the adding trolamine is a dispersion agent, by the mixed even after drying of ball milling; Zirconium white accounts for the 15vol% of zirconium oxide/mullite powder; The trolamine add-on is zirconium oxide/mullite powder 0.5wt%;
The 3rd step: made mixed powder of second step is warmed up to 700 ℃ with 5 ℃/min, 700 ℃ of insulations two hours, calcines then.
The 4th step: in dehydrated alcohol, add starch, use (power is that 100w and frequency are 40 KHZ) ultrasonic wave that it was disperseed 5 minutes then, constantly stir simultaneously, obtain the finely dispersed starch suspension liquid of starch, it is joined in the zirconium oxide/mullite powder of step (3), after mixing, obtain amyloid zirconium oxide/mullite powder; Wherein starch is the 25wt% of zirconium oxide/mullite powder;
The 5th step: the amyloid zirconium oxide/mullite powder of step (4) gained behind 60 mesh sieves, adopts dry-pressing formed isostatic pressing more earlier to be equipped with sample after granulation excessively;
The 6th step:, adopt temperature-gradient method and insulation to burn till according to starch incendiary DSC figure.At first heat up with 3 ℃/min in room temperature～120 ℃ scope; In 120～240 ℃ of scopes, heat up then with 5 ℃/min; Starch pasting scope (240～360 ℃) heats up with 0.5 ℃/min and respectively be incubated 1h when 280 ℃ and 300 ℃; In 360～440 ℃ of scopes, heat up with 2 ℃/min; In starch combustion range (440～540 ℃), heat up and when 480 ℃ and 500 ℃, be incubated 2h with 0.5 ℃/min; Temperature rise rate with 2 ℃/min is raised to 700 ℃ at last, burns the starch in the sample, is rapidly heated then to 1600 ℃ and burns till sample;
The 7th step: to carrying out test analysis through the sample after the processing treatment.Adopt drainage to measure the volume density of sample; Adopt the three-point bending resistance method to measure the breaking tenacity of sample; Employing is put in the boiling water after sample is warmed up to certain design temperature, and the method for test specimens residual intensity is measured the thermal shock critical temperature of sample then.
Present embodiment contains 15vol%ZrO
2With 25wt% starch, be 94.2% through the porous ceramics sample relative density of method for preparing, bending strength is 381MPa, the thermal shock critical temperature is 200 ℃.
Embodiment 2
Repeat the first step, the operation of second step of embodiment 1;
The 3rd step: made mixed powder of second step is warmed up to 900 ℃ with 5 ℃/min, 900 ℃ of insulations two hours, calcines then;
Repeat the 4th step, the operation of the 5th step of embodiment 1;
The 6th step: the 6th step according to embodiment 1 is operated the pore-forming material (starch) that burns in the sample, is rapidly heated then 1500 ℃ and burns till sample;
Repeat the 7th step operation of embodiment 1;
Present embodiment contains 15vol%ZrO
2With 25wt% starch, the relative density of sample is 80.1% after 1500 ℃ on the porous ceramics sample of method for preparing burns till, and intensity is 231MPa, and the thermal shock critical temperature is 250 ℃, has good effect of heat insulation and heat-shock resistance.
Embodiment 3
Repeat the first step operation of embodiment 1;
Second goes on foot: the proportioning that according to yttrium oxide and zirconium white mol ratio is 3: 97, zirconium oxychloride and Yttrium trichloride adding distilled water are made into 70g/l solution, after stirring 2h, slowly add ammoniacal liquor, regulate pH value to 9～10, generate the mixed sols of zirconium hydroxide and yttrium hydroxide, joining granularity after washing, dehydrated alcohol dehydration is in the 0.78 μ m mullite powder, the adding trolamine is a dispersion agent, by the mixed even after drying of ball milling; Zirconium white accounts for the 10vol% of zirconium oxide/mullite powder; The trolamine add-on is zirconium oxide/mullite powder 0.5wt%;
The 3rd step: made mixed powder of second step is warmed up to 500 ℃ with 5 ℃/min, 500 ℃ of insulations two hours, calcines then;
Repeat the 4th step, the 5th step, the operation of the 6th step of embodiment 2;
Repeat the 7th step operation of embodiment 1, and adopt the thermal conductivity of thermal conduction instrument test specimens;
Present embodiment contains 10vol%ZrO
2With 25wt% starch, the relative density after 1500 ℃ on the porous ceramics sample of method for preparing burns till is 76.2%, and intensity is 160MPa, and thermal conductivity is 2.82W/Km, and the thermal shock critical temperature is 250 ℃, has good effect of heat insulation and heat-shock resistance.
Embodiment 4
Repeat the first step operation of embodiment 1;
Second goes on foot: the proportioning that according to yttrium oxide and zirconium white mol ratio is 3: 97, zirconium oxychloride and Yttrium trichloride adding distilled water are made into 10g/l solution, after stirring 2h, slowly add ammoniacal liquor, regulate pH value to 9～10, generate the mixed sols of zirconium hydroxide and yttrium hydroxide, joining granularity after washing, dehydrated alcohol dehydration is in the 0.78 μ m mullite powder, the adding trolamine is a dispersion agent, by the mixed even after drying of ball milling; Zirconium white accounts for 5 vol% of zirconium oxide/mullite powder; The trolamine add-on is zirconium oxide/mullite powder 0.5wt%;
The 3rd step: made mixed powder of second step is warmed up to 600 ℃ with 5 ℃/min, 600 ℃ of insulations two hours, calcines then.
The 4th step: in dehydrated alcohol, add starch, use (power is that 100w and frequency are 40KHZ) ultrasonic wave that it was disperseed 5 minutes then, constantly stir simultaneously, obtain the finely dispersed starch suspension liquid of starch, it is joined in the zirconium oxide/mullite powder of step (3), after mixing, obtain amyloid zirconium oxide/mullite powder; Wherein starch is the 20wt% of zirconium oxide/mullite powder;
The 5th step: the amyloid zirconium oxide/mullite powder of step (4) gained behind 50 mesh sieves, adopts dry-pressing formed isostatic pressing more earlier to be equipped with sample after granulation excessively;
Repeat the 6th step of embodiment 2 and the operation in the 7th step;
Present embodiment contains 5vol%ZrO
2With 20wt% starch, the relative density 82.0% after 1500 ℃ on the porous ceramics sample of method for preparing burns till, intensity is 219MPa.The thermal shock critical temperature is 250 ℃, and heat-shock resistance is good.
Embodiment 5
Repeat the first step, second step, the operation of the 3rd step of embodiment 4;
The 4th step: in dehydrated alcohol, add starch, use (power is that 100w and frequency are 40KHZ) ultrasonic wave that it was disperseed 5 minutes then, constantly stir simultaneously, obtain the finely dispersed starch suspension liquid of starch, it is joined in the zirconium oxide/mullite powder of step (3), after mixing, obtain amyloid zirconium oxide/mullite powder; Wherein starch is the 5wt% of zirconium oxide/mullite powder;
Repeat embodiment 4 operation in the 5th step;
The 6th step: be raised to 600 ℃ by 5 ℃/min speed and be incubated 2 hours then, and then be warming up to 1550 ℃, after insulation in 2 hours, burn till sample with 5 ℃/min speed;
Repeat the 7th step operation of embodiment 1;
Present embodiment contains 5vol%ZrO
2With 5 wt% starch, the relative density 97.9% after 1550 ℃ on the sample of method for preparing burns till, intensity is 309MPa.The thermal shock critical temperature is 200 ℃.
Embodiment 6
Repeat the first step, second step, the operation of the 3rd step of embodiment 4;
Repeat the FOUR EASY STEPS of embodiment 1;
Repeat the 5th step operation of embodiment 4;
Repeat the 6th step and the operation of the 7th step of embodiment 2;
Present embodiment contains 5vol%ZrO
2With 25wt% starch, the relative density 79% after 1500 ℃ on the porous ceramics sample of method for preparing burns till, intensity is 168MPa.The thermal shock critical temperature is 250 ℃, and heat-shock resistance is good.
Embodiment 7
Repeat the first step, the operation of second step of embodiment 3;
The 3rd step: made mixed powder of second step is warmed up to 900 ℃ with 5 ℃/min, 900 ℃ of insulations two hours, calcines then;
The 4th step: in dehydrated alcohol, add starch, use (power is that 100w and frequency are 40KHZ) ultrasonic wave that it was disperseed 5 minutes then, constantly stir simultaneously, obtain the finely dispersed starch suspension liquid of starch, it is joined in the zirconium oxide/mullite powder of step (3), after mixing, obtain amyloid zirconium oxide/mullite powder; Wherein starch is the 15wt% of zirconium oxide/mullite powder;
The 5th step: the amyloid zirconium oxide/mullite powder of step (4) gained behind 100 mesh sieves, adopts dry-pressing formed isostatic pressing more earlier to be equipped with sample after granulation excessively;
Repeat the 6th step and the operation of the 7th step of embodiment 2;
Present embodiment contains 10vol%ZrO
2With the sample of 15wt% starch, the relative density 88.0% after 1500 ℃ on the porous ceramics sample of method for preparing burns till, intensity is 238MPa, and the thermal shock critical temperature is 230 ℃, and heat-shock resistance is good.
Embodiment 8
Repeat the first step operation of embodiment 1;
Second goes on foot: the proportioning that according to yttrium oxide and zirconium white mol ratio is 3: 97, zirconium oxychloride and Yttrium trichloride adding distilled water are made into 40g/l solution, after stirring 2h, slowly add ammoniacal liquor, regulate pH value to 9～10, generate the mixed sols of zirconium hydroxide and yttrium hydroxide, joining granularity after washing, dehydrated alcohol dehydration is in the 0.78 μ m mullite powder, the adding trolamine is a dispersion agent, by the mixed even after drying of ball milling; Zirconium white accounts for the 30vol% of zirconium oxide/mullite powder; The trolamine add-on is zirconium oxide/mullite powder 0.5wt%;
Repeat the 3rd step operation of embodiment 1;
The 4th step: in dehydrated alcohol, add starch, use (power is that 100w and frequency are 40KHZ) ultrasonic wave that it was disperseed 5 minutes then, constantly stir simultaneously, obtain the finely dispersed starch suspension liquid of starch, it is joined in the zirconium oxide/mullite powder of step (3), after mixing, obtain amyloid zirconium oxide/mullite powder; Wherein starch is the 30wt% of zirconium oxide/mullite powder;
Repeat the 5th step, the 6th step and the operation of the 7th step of embodiment 2;
Present embodiment contains 30vol%ZrO
2With 30wt% starch, the relative density 84.0% after 1500 ℃ on the porous ceramics sample of method for preparing burns till, intensity is 185MPa, and the thermal shock critical temperature is 260 ℃, and heat-shock resistance is good.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method of a high-strength shock resistant heat insulating porous ceramic is characterized in that comprising the steps and processing condition:
(1) purity is obtained the mullite powder of granularity less than 1 μ m after greater than 98.4% mullite ball milling;
(2) be starting raw material with zirconium oxychloride and Yttrium trichloride, adopt coprecipitation method to prepare zirconium hydroxide and yttrium hydroxide mixed sols, the mixed sols that is obtained joins in the mullite powder of step (1) after washing through washing, alcohol, the adding trolamine is a dispersion agent, the finely dispersed zirconium oxide/mullite powder of zirconium white is prepared in mixed even after drying, 500～900 ℃ of temperature range calcinings; Zirconium white accounts for 5～30vol% of zirconium oxide/mullite powder; The trolamine add-on is zirconium oxide/mullite powder 0.5wt%;
(3) in dehydrated alcohol, add starch, with ultrasonic wave it was disperseed 5 minutes then, and under the continuous agitation condition, obtain the finely dispersed starch suspension liquid of starch, it is joined in the zirconium oxide/mullite powder of step (2), after mixing, obtain amyloid zirconium oxide/mullite powder; Wherein starch is 5～30wt% of zirconium oxide/mullite powder;
(4) the zirconium oxide/mullite powder of step (3) gained is crossed 50～100 mesh sieves after granulation, adopts dry-pressing formed hydrostatic profile more earlier;
(5) step (4) products therefrom is warmed up to 700 ℃ from room temperature, removes starch, be rapidly heated again to 1500 ℃～1600 ℃ and burn till high-strength shock resistant heat insulating porous ceramic.
2. the preparation method of high-strength shock resistant heat insulating porous ceramic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described coprecipitation method prepares zirconium hydroxide and the yttrium hydroxide mixed sols is: the proportioning that according to yttrium oxide and zirconium white mol ratio is 3: 97, zirconium oxychloride and Yttrium trichloride are added distilled water, and to be made into concentration be 10g/l～70g/l solution, after stirring 2h, slowly add ammoniacal liquor, regulate pH value to 9～10, generate the mixed sols of zirconium hydroxide and yttrium hydroxide.
3. the preparation method of high-strength shock resistant heat insulating porous ceramic according to claim 1 is characterized in that mixing to mixing realization by ball milling of described step (2).
4. the preparation method of high-strength shock resistant heat insulating porous ceramic according to claim 1 is characterized in that described hyperacoustic power is 100W, and frequency is 40KHZ.
5. the preparation method of high-strength shock resistant heat insulating porous ceramic according to claim 1 is characterized in that describedly being warmed up to 700 ℃ from room temperature and being temperature-gradient method, at first heats up with 3 ℃/min in room temperature～120 ℃ scope; In 120～240 ℃ of scopes, heat up then with 5 ℃/min; 240～360 ℃ heat up with 0.5 ℃/min and respectively be incubated 1h when 280 ℃ and 300 ℃; In 360～440 ℃ of scopes, heat up with 2 ℃/min; 440～540 ℃ heat up with 0.5 ℃/min and be incubated 2h when 480 ℃ and 500 ℃; Temperature rise rate with 2 ℃/min is raised to 700 ℃ at last, burns the starch in the sample.
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