CN1011670B - Die casting process and apparatus - Google Patents

Die casting process and apparatus

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Publication number
CN1011670B
CN1011670B CN87102218A CN87102218A CN1011670B CN 1011670 B CN1011670 B CN 1011670B CN 87102218 A CN87102218 A CN 87102218A CN 87102218 A CN87102218 A CN 87102218A CN 1011670 B CN1011670 B CN 1011670B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
metal pattern
mould
shot sleeve
casting
die
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CN87102218A
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Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN87102218A (en
Inventor
田中秋男
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yamato Kogyo Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Yamato Kogyo Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yamato Kogyo Co Ltd filed Critical Yamato Kogyo Co Ltd
Publication of CN87102218A publication Critical patent/CN87102218A/en
Publication of CN1011670B publication Critical patent/CN1011670B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure

Abstract

To efficiently produce the products having excellent quality by exhausting as sucking air in a metallic mold from a gap through the all face of matching face between a fixed mold and a shifting mold before finish of mold closing and then at the same time of the mold closing, filling up as injecting the molten metal. The mold closing is executed by a little distance for a gap (A) of the matching face of the molds. The molten metal 12 is poured into an injecting sleeve from the molten metal supplying hole 4, and at the same time, a plunger 5 is moved ahead to close the molten metal supplying hole 4. The air in the mold containing of a cavity 11 and in the inner part of the injecting sleeve by the vacuum suction device, connecting with an exhausting hole 13 of the fixed mold 1. At the same time of exhausting air, the mold closing is restored and at the same time of no gap, the molten metal 12 in the sleeve 3 is injected as filling up in the cavity 11. In this way, the products having high quality are efficiently produced.

Description

Die casting process and apparatus
The present invention relates to a kind of can high efficiency die casting go out that its inside does not contain harmful pore cave and strength characteristics is superior and the pressure casting method and the die casting equipment of the die casting of nonporosity goods that can heat-treat.
Common in the past casting die is that various metallic slurries are filled in the metal pattern and the method for casting with high speed and high pressure, because it can make the casting article of casting plane excellence with high efficiency, so be widely used in the manufacturing of various accurate accessories.Only because of usually must be with the casting nozzle speed and 500~1 of metallic slurry with 10~50m/s, the pressure of 500kg/cm is filled the former air that riddles in the metal pattern and in the shot sleeve in moment, can't overflow fully outside metal pattern, the molten slurry of being filled is then infiltrated in slurry under the state of a large amount of bubbles and is solidified, and therefore the countless pores cave of different sizes is contained in the die casting finished product inside of being finished.
Therefore, common in the past die casting finished product, not only its intensity is low, and if impose by improve its strength characteristics during the heat treatment of palpus, gas in the pore cave is about to cause and expands and have and deform and the defective of surperficial protuberantia, be to have it to be made for the accessory that needs intensity or the significant drawback of withstand voltage accessory use, this is well-known.
For the purpose of removing this shortcoming, though have before filling molten slurry, air mat vacuum extractor in metal pattern and the shot sleeve is aspirated side by side scheme for the various vacuum die-casting methods of outside, only but these modes are in the fastening process of finishing mould and under the state that connects airtight fully on fixed die and the composition surface of dynamic model, after will melting in the slurry supply shot sleeve, the mode that the beginning is discharged air in the metal pattern.Because it only can be by connecting airtight the set small basal area of the minimum part of face (because of molten slurry in filling may spray in the metal pattern outside at metal pattern, so this basal area can't establish too greatly) the groove of bleeding air is discharged, and, the allowed time that is supplied to the injection filling from molten slurry is very short, so the vacuum in metal pattern mostly is about 50~90%, this kind mode thereby also be called as the decompression casting die, still remain in quite a lot of pore cave in its finished product inside, this is to be present actual state.
For aforesaid way is further improved, a kind of scheme is arranged again, the basal area of the groove that is about to bleed strengthens, to improve the vacuum in the metal pattern, simultaneously, can block molten slurry when this mode will be filled molten the slurry and spray in the intercepter valve (IV) of metal pattern outside, be located in the way, exhaust passage from the groove of bleeding.Only solidify, move the shortcoming of bad phenomenon so there is gluing because of valve portion to be easy to generation again because of the molten slurry of each high temperature will cause at the slipper of intercepter valve (IV).
In addition, also there be melting in the mat filling to starch the scheme of the air that is retained in the metal pattern being driven out of the Ultra-Low Speed vacuum die-casting method of mode.Only this moment, solidify because of a part that melts slurry causes in filling, so can't cast the thin material products of one of casting die feature, this is to be its shortcoming.
Moreover, the scheme that the another kind of mode different with vacuum die-casting method arranged again, active gases (for example being oxygen) is blown in the metal pattern, replace mutually with air by this, and the metallic slurry in the order filling (for example being aluminium) reacts with active gases, and, promptly eliminate the scheme of the die casting of nonporosity method in pore cave owing to make its particulate that generates harmless solid chemical compound (for example aluminium oxide).But, this kind method, replace by active gases fully as desiring to make at short notice in the metal pattern air, then can't accomplish actually, and, also quite have any problem, so according in the made die casting finished product of the method for making all reacting with melting to starch of a large amount of active gases of being full of metal pattern in, still have the harmful pore cave that contains active gases, and it is also quite high to produce the ratio of bad finished product when heat-treating.
In this way, adopt the die casting finished product of various in the past vacuum die-casting methods and die casting of nonporosity method gained, though than adopting common casting die person that suitable improvement is arranged, but the defect ratio when not establishing at present goods for Any shape, size as yet and all can make its heat treatment becomes zero such casting die, so need the major part of heat treated aluminium alloy casting thing, still adopt its casting time can reach casting die person more than 10 times and also also not good enough gravity metal mould casting method or the low pressure metal casting of its casting plane produce, be the situation for now.
The present invention is for removing the innovator of shortcoming institute as above-mentioned various casting dies in the past, its purpose promptly desire to provide a kind of energy will with gravity metal mould casting method or the equal above high-quality mo(u)lding of low pressure metal mould casting method, with casting die and the die casting equipment of producing in a large number with the equal above high efficiency of the casting die in past.
As previously mentioned, vacuum die-casting method in the past, to discharge be to finish the small basal area afterwards groove of bleeding via the mould fastening process to carry out in the suction of air in its metal pattern, and can only accomplish incomplete eliminating.But fixing metal mould and the comprehensive last minim gap in movable metal pattern composition surface that the present invention's mode is over the mould fastening preceding, doing one utilizes cleverly, thereby being very easy to guarantee to reach the exhaust passage of the huge basal area of mode person more than 10 times in the past, the present invention is conceived to these characteristics and the person of reaching.And owing to add utilization with the passage of large tracts of land like this is appropriate, in order to the air in the suction discharge metal pattern in moment, compete substantially to reach 100% vacuum in the metal pattern that in the past is considered to accomplish, thereby can obtain not contain the complete die casting of nonporosity finished product in harmful pore cave.
Generally speaking, for the air in the metal pattern being discharged fast method, be to take its inside of mat vavuum pump official is become the mode that the big volume jar of vacuum is connected with metal pattern inside in the outside.For example, with the void volume of metal pattern inside be 1 liter (1) and vacuum is the 0%(atmospheric pressure) metal pattern, with internal volume be 200 liters (1) and vacuum is the 100%(perfect vacuum) jar when being connected, air in the metal pattern will be aspirated fast and be entered in the vacuum tank, and both vacuum then becomes the heat insulation variation of 99.94%() and reach balance.Only for arriving the required time of this equalizing pressure, be roughly with the passage that is communicated with both in minimum cross section amass and be inversely proportional to.
Therefore, as comparing with the mode in the past of the groove restriction of bleeding that is subjected to small basal area, be easy to guarantee the mode of the present invention of basal area more than 10 times, then in the short time below 1/10 of mode in the past, can reach above-mentioned equalizing pressure, then can reach high vacuum more than 99.9% in the metal pattern in moment, so if use the water-soluble mold-release agent be unlikely to produce gas etc., then the gas flow of being infiltrated in filling in the molten slurry will be below 0.1%, even add the gas flow below 0.5% that is dissolved in molten slurry, the containing ratio of gas still can be suppressed at below 0.6%.Therefore, as comparing, can obtain the high-quality die casting of nonporosity finished product that is far away with gravity metal mould casting method that contains 2~10% gases and low pressure metal mould casting method person.Modern for for the purpose of for reference, will adopt contained gas ratio in the aluminium alloy casting thing of various castings, work one relatively is shown in as follows.Hence one can see that, according to the finished product of mode of the present invention, is to have inundatory advantage.
Forging type gas containing ratio (%)
Casting die according to the present invention ... 0.3~1.0
Common casting die ... 30~70
Vacuum die-casting method ... 10~30
The Ultra-Low Speed casting die ... 3~10
The die casting of nonporosity method ... 5~15
The gravity metal mould casting method ... 2~8
The low pressure metal mould casting method ... 3~10
Below, the specific embodiment shown in describes content of the present invention in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1~Fig. 6 is the generalized section that shows the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 represent to use the embodiment of horizontal plunger die casting machine.In Fig. 1, if the fastening of mat die casting machine (not shown) action and till mould fastened between the mould composition surface crack A and can reach very small dimensions (for example for about 1mm), then be entrenched in the movable metallic channel (2) movably branching block (6), to lean on the effect of spring (7) and be crimped on the left end peristome of the shot sleeve (3) that is fixed on fixing metal mould (1), and be included in the metal pattern inside that is engraved as the die cavity (11) of article shape in fixing metal mould (1) and the movable metal pattern (2) respectively, then will lean on sealing ring (9), (10) be isolated with extraneous air.Under this state, the fastening of mould action is temporarily stopped or slowing down, and give slurry mouthful (4) from what the end face of shot sleeve (3) was offered, to melt slurry (12) injects in the shot sleeve (3), then, make injection piston (5) advance to the position of Fig. 2 from the position shown in Fig. 1, to block to slurry mouthful (4).So, can will be isolated with extraneous air within the shot sleeve (3), simultaneously, by means of being opened in the vacuum extractor (not shown) that the last steam vent (13) of fixing metal mould (1) is connected, beginning suction and discharge and comprise the metal pattern of die cavity (11) and the interior air in space (14) of shot sleeve inside.
At this moment, the interior air of die cavity (11), will be through entering at the movable set circular row channeling (19) of metal pattern (2) with the going up left gap A formed big basal area exhaust passage of movable metal pattern (2) composition surface comprehensively by fixing metal mould (1), and steam vent (13) through being connected with this exhaust ditch, and mat has the vacuum extractor of big volume vacuum tank, in moment its suction entered in the vacuum tank.
In addition, air in shot sleeve (3) internal voids (14), to add that crack A forms big basal area passage between the metal pattern composition surface by the molten slurry passage (15), (16) and the casting nozzle (17) that are separately positioned on branching block (6) and movable metal pattern (2), and with the interior air of die cavity (11) interflow after, similarly it is discharged in moment.
In this way, as previously mentioned, in metal pattern inside and shot sleeve, to be high vacuum state more than 99.9% becoming vacuum in a flash, so after beginning the suction discharge, immediately the fastening of mould is moved and begins or continue its deceleration regime once again, make between the metal pattern composition surface crack become zero, as shown in Figure 2, simultaneously, make injection piston (5) advance with the left of high speed in figure, by this molten slurry (12) in the shot sleeve (3) is starched passage (15) via melting, (16) and casting nozzle (17) and in die cavity (11), penetrate and fill, simultaneously, above-mentioned suction discharging operation is stopped.
So, the action of cause vacuum extractor in penetrating filling is still continuing, so gas componant of in penetrating filling, dissociating from molten slurry, to be sucked side by side for the outside through the groove of bleeding (18) set on the metal pattern composition surface, and the molten slurry that contains gas hardly can solidify in the die cavity (11) of vacuum state, thereby can finish the not complete die casting of nonporosity goods in gassiness hole.
Moreover, as shown in Figure 1, mat spring (7) and make branching block (6) be crimped on the peristome of shot sleeve (3) in the time will melting slurry (12) and flow in the shot sleeve (3), can prevent that its molten slurry from dropping in the metal pattern outside from A outflow in crack between the metal pattern composition surface like this.In addition, the setting of the size of branching block (6), usually all make the space B between branching block (6) and movable metal pattern (2), and crack A becomes comparable size between the metal pattern composition surface, so when the fastening of mould is over as shown in Figure 2, become zero simultaneously with gap A, space B also becomes zero, and the mould fastening strength of mat die casting machine, the face that connects airtight of branching block (6) and shot sleeve (3), will be same with the metal pattern composition surface, be subjected to powerful crimping.
In addition, when taking out at the breakdown metal pattern and with the die casting finished product in the die cavity (11), i.e. effect because of spring (7) makes branching block (6) outstanding by movable metal pattern, only the head of bolt shown in Fig. 2 (8) can be regulated with the clearance C of movable metal pattern, in order to do Min. (for example for about the 3mm) person that the outstanding full-size of above-mentioned branching block can be set at necessity.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are the embodiment that vertical die-casting machine is used in expression.In Fig. 3, if the mould fastening of mat die casting machine (not shown) action and till mould fastened between the metal pattern composition surface crack A and become microsize (for example for about 1mm), then comprise die cavity (11) and the interior metal pattern inside of sleeve (3), will be isolated with extraneous air by sealing ring (9).Under this state, the fastening action of mould is temporarily stopped or being slowed down, and the vacuum extractor (not shown) that is connected with steam vent (13) of mat and metal pattern inside is become to cooperate the negative pressure of molten slurry quantity delivered, and will melt molten slurry of starching in the supply stove (not shown) via sucking in the shot sleeve (3) to slurry pipe (20) and to starching mouthful (4), simultaneously, make injection piston (5) rise to the position of Fig. 4 from the position shown in Fig. 3, give the first half of starching mouthful (4) to stop up.Therefore, shot sleeve (3) inside can not only be interdicted with giving the slurry pipe being communicated with of (20), and can make to slurry pipe (20) and be connected with extraneous air, so that making to stay to the molten slurry (21) in the slurry pipe (20) to depend on gravity to return on the molten slurry supply stove, on the other hand, begin via steam vent (13) and the aforementioned vacuum extractor of mat to comprise that the metal pattern of cavity (11) and the suction of the interior air of shot sleeve (3) internal voids (14) discharge.
At this moment, air in metal pattern and shot sleeve, identical with the embodiment of horizontal plunger die casting machine shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, to be discharged fast in the outside, and become vacuum at the high vacuum state more than 99.9% in moment, so begin once again or make it continue deceleration regime in the fastening action that begins to make immediately after suction is discharged mould, make it such as shown in Figure 4, the crack becomes zero between the metal pattern composition surface, simultaneously, make injection piston (5) fast rise, so that the molten slurry in the shot sleeve (3) is penetrated in die cavity (11) via melting slurry passage (16) and casting nozzle (17) and fills.So, promptly same with the situation of aforementioned horizontal plunger die casting machine, can finish the not complete die casting of nonporosity finished product in gassiness hole.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are other embodiment that vertical die-casting machine is used in expression.In Fig. 5, fixing metal mould (1) and movable metal pattern (2) are in the state of unlatching, to melt slurry (12) injects in the shot sleeve (3), simultaneously, the fastening action of beginning mould and fastening mould at full speed, till crack A between the metal pattern composition surface that reaches as shown in Figure 6 became microsize (for example for about 1mm), then identical with embodiment shown in Fig. 3, metal pattern inside can be isolated with extraneous air.Under this state, if the fastening action of mould temporarily stopped or being slowed down, simultaneously, the vacuum extractor (not shown) that mat is connected with steam vent (13) and beginning comprises that the metal pattern of cavity (11) and the suction of the interior air of shot sleeve (3) internal voids (14) discharge, and then will become vacuum state in the metal pattern in moment.So, even the fastening of mould action begins or continues its deceleration regime once again, make between the metal pattern composition surface crack become zero, simultaneously, make injection piston (5) fast rise, by this molten slurry (12) in the shot sleeve (3) is penetrated in die cavity (11) and fills, to finish the die casting finished product in pore-free cave.
Any occasion at above-mentioned horizontal or vertical die-casting machine, before penetrating of molten slurry filled, all almost become the perfect vacuum state in the die cavity, molten slurry flows in order so the molten slurry flow resistance when penetrating filling is very little, even so thin material products, also can fill it with low-pressure, and, need not as casting die in the past, apply high pressure for the molten slurry in solidifying, to crush the bubble of its inside, therefore, only with about 1/5 stuffing pressure of past mode (100~300kg/cm), can be cast as the high-quality die-casting goods of wide scope size shape.
In the above illustrated embodiment of the invention, the Figure 1 and Figure 2 horizontal plunger die casting machine give the slurry mode, though be to starch a mouthful injection from giving of shot sleeve end face, but also can adopt: will be located at the bottom surface of shot sleeve to the slurry mouth, and identical with Fig. 3 and vertical die-casting machine person shown in Figure 4, make the mode that sucts that becomes negative pressure in the metal pattern; Or push to mode with the same gas pressure of low pressure metal die cast machine; The plunger displacement pump of hot chamber machine is pushed to mode; Or electromagnetic pump is pushed to mode.Moreover, in the occasion of vertical die-casting machine shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, also can take the above-mentioned various modes of pushing to equally.
In addition, though in each aforementioned embodiment, do not mention crack between institute produced when release was installed in metal pattern with pin (pin), slide etc., or the each several part gap between the sliding part of shot sleeve and injection piston, only for preventing from these gaps for the purpose of the extraneous air of invading in the metal pattern, also can sealing mechanism be set in each gap, or the low pressure of active air pressure (for example being oxygen) can supply with to(for) these gaps is set, and make it be inhaled into the interior mechanism of metal pattern etc., can take various countermeasures.
Through practical application the present invention's casting die and die casting equipment, casting out the aluminium alloy compression casting finished product of different shape that product weight is the thick 1mm~20mm of being of material of 20g~5kg, goods, and carry out various heat treatments and strength test etc.Its result, in 470~539 ℃ of 4 hours, 180~200 ℃ T6 of 8 hours handle, swollen the showing especially that whole goods all do not have the surface resembles, and portion also finds no harmful pore cave within it, the intensity of laying state after the casting also can reach common in the past die casting finished product person more than 120% and stablize, also rather excellent aspect percentage elongation and other characteristics, and any goods all more can improve its intensity via heat treatment, have been confirmed to be to be made for the various accessories that need intensity or the complete die casting of nonporosity finished product of withstand voltage accessory use.
Such as above-mentioned casting die of the present invention and die casting device, it is the every excellent effect that has as following.
(1) its outward appearance and interior tissue are superior die casting of nonporosity finished product far beyond in the past gravity die cast product and low pressure metal mould casting piece all, can with the equal above high efficiency production of the casting die in past it.
(2) because it penetrates stuffing pressure only for about 1/5 of past casting die is enough, can must the material rate cast out the massive article equal with large-scale die-casting machine with high so use past small-sized die casting machine, thereby can lower significantly the manufacturing cost of die casting finished product.
(3) wider because of the permissible range of the casting conditions such as its ejaculation stuffing pressure, casting nozzle speed, so even for the goods shape of not casting, also be easy to set its founding method.
(4) because of its penetrate the little and casting nozzle speed of stuffing pressure also be able to low, so the life-span of metal pattern can greatly prolong.
(5) wide and stuffing pressure is low because of the permissible range of its casting ingoing silver spare, thus only with a cover metal pattern namely be easy to cast out same or not of the same race more than a goods.
(6) because it is not provided with accessory because of overheated molten slurry intercepter valve (IV) that is easy to take place the welding accident and so on, so the acomia anxiety of vividly making not good enough situation.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of casting die, it is characterized by mould fastening process latter stage at horizontal or vertical die-casting machine, leave under the state of minim gap on the fixing metal mould and the composition surface of movable metal pattern, metal pattern inside is isolated with extraneous air, simultaneously, mould fastening action is temporarily stopped or slowing down, after treating in shot sleeve, to supply with molten slurry, make in the shot sleeve and be isolated with extraneous air, simultaneously, the suction of air is discharged in beginning metal pattern and the shot sleeve, and make the fastening action of mould begin or continue its deceleration regime once again, and the mould fastening process be over and connect airtight simultaneously mutually on the metal pattern composition surface, the molten slurry mat injection piston in the shot sleeve is penetrated in metal pattern and after filling, even the suction of aforementioned air discharge stops.
2, a kind of casting die, it is characterized by in vertical die-casting machine, from the shot sleeve upper end molten slurry in shot sleeve supply be over after, at once begin the fastening action of mould, and leave under the state of minim gap on the fixing metal mould and the composition surface of movable metal pattern, metal pattern inside is isolated with extraneous air, and mould fastening action is temporarily stopped or being slowed down, simultaneously, the suction of air is discharged in beginning metal pattern and the shot sleeve, and make the fastening action of mould begin or continue its deceleration regime once again, treat that the mould fastening process is over and connect airtight simultaneously mutually on the metal pattern composition surface, molten slurry mat injection piston in the shot sleeve penetrated in the metal pattern fill after, the suction discharge of aforementioned air is stopped.
3, according to the casting die described in the claim 1, it is characterized by, in horizontal plunger die casting machine, leave under the state of minim gap on the fixing metal mould and the composition surface of movable metal pattern, make and the opposed movable metal pattern side branching block of the shot sleeve of fixing metal mould side, connect airtight openend in this shot sleeve.
4, according to the casting die described in the claim 1, it is characterized by, from the molten slurry supply mode of molten slurry supply stove in shot sleeve, be to adopt the mode of pushing to that the mode that sucts that becomes negative pressure in the metal pattern or mat gas pressure, plunger displacement pump, electromagnetic pump etc. are done.
5, according to the casting die described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized by, to be completely cut off by the extraneous air toward the inner intrusion of metal pattern from each gap of the slide connecting part of sliding part, shot sleeve and the injection piston of the portion of running through of metal pattern composition surface, knockout pin, slide etc., with and/or active gases is sucked in the metal pattern via these each gaps.
CN87102218A 1986-03-20 1987-03-20 Die casting process and apparatus Expired CN1011670B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62553/86 1986-03-20
JP61062553A JP2519416B2 (en) 1986-03-20 1986-03-20 Die casting method and die casting equipment

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN87102218A CN87102218A (en) 1987-09-30
CN1011670B true CN1011670B (en) 1991-02-20

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KR (1) KR960002409B1 (en)
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JP2519416B2 (en) 1996-07-31
KR870008646A (en) 1987-10-19
CN87102218A (en) 1987-09-30
KR960002409B1 (en) 1996-02-17
JPS62220263A (en) 1987-09-28

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