Dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on thin plate punching
Technical field
The present invention relates to the bipolar plates in a kind of fuel cell technology field, specifically is a kind of dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on thin plate punching.
Background technology
The fuel cell basic principle is that the combustion by fuel gas (hydrogen) and oxidant (oxygen) directly is converted into electric energy with chemical energy constantly, is a kind of cleaning, efficient, reproducible alternative energy source Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT).Under the severe day by day background of current energy problem, fuel cell becomes the research direction that countries in the world are given priority to just gradually.And Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) is good owing to its conversion efficiency height, controllability, advantages such as operational environment close friend, be suitable for realizing the miniaturization of products, and be suitable for as the mobile energy, have a wide range of applications, thereby become focus of greatest concern in the research field.
The structure of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells mainly is made up of bipolar plates, proton exchange membrane, catalyst etc.; Wherein MEA is the core of fuel cell, and its manufacturing cost accounts for branch and is clipped to 43% of total cost; And bipolar plates is the important component part of battery, plays the effect of collected current, gas distribution and water management, heat management in fuel cell, and its weight accounts for more than 80% of fuel cell pile total weight, and manufacturing cost accounts for about 30% of total cost.The proton exchange membrane bipolar plates adopts graphite material usually at present, the technology comparative maturity, but because the machining property of graphite material is relatively poor, having limited the raising of pole plate production efficiency, can't realize producing in enormous quantities, be difficult to reduce production costs significantly; Because the fragility of graphite pole plate is bigger, also be not suitable for environment simultaneously badly such as using under the vehicle-mounted operating mode.Therefore, this also is the bottleneck problem that current graphite pole plate can't be realized the large-scale commercial applications use.Than graphite material, sheet metal is because its favorable mechanical processing characteristics, splendid conductivity, thermal conductivity and compactness, realize the sheet of bipolar plates easily, greatly reduce the volume and weight of bipolar plates, and cheap, realize large-scale mass production easily, will become the preferred material that reduces the fuel battery pole board manufacturing cost, each major company of the world and research institution carry out the R and D of metal double polar plates one after another.Though because metallic sheet stock need face the problem of surface corrosion, the sheet metal bipolar plates is in the bipolar plates that at present still can't the image-stone ink material equally becomes practicality.But along with the continuous development of metal surface aseptic technic, the sheet metal bipolar plates remains in the future has one of direction of potentiality in the fuel cell field.
Find that by prior art documents more current research institutions have also proposed different technical schemes at the sheet metal bipolar plates.As the Chinese patent publication number is CN 1416184A, has proposed " metal compound bipolar plate of a proton exchanging film fuel battery ", will partly constitute one by bonding or seam with metal edge frame with the corresponding strip-shaped grooves part of three-in-one electrode.Also have, as the Chinese patent publication number is 1787261A " a kind of impacted metal double polar plate structure and preparation method thereof ", proposition utilizes cutter metallic plate to be cut into the flat board of certain size aniseed, process gas and coolant guiding channel with milling machine again, the flat board that will process is put into mould and is utilized hydraulic press punch process metal double polar plates then.But the defective and the deficiency that exist are: the processing of metal polar plate is all finished by the machine cut processing technology, and the pole plate runner normally has formations such as many group runner, gas inlet-outlet and seal grooves, and Machining Technology efficient is low, processing cost is high and can not be fit to large-scale mass production.In the metal polar plate course of processing, all need earlier through machine cut machined grooves gas passage or metal edge frame, just can carry out the processing of polar plate flow field then, still can greatly not improve working (machining) efficiency and inevitably be faced with and make and the problem of assembly precision.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on thin plate punching is provided.The present invention is in light weight, and volume is little, and production process is simple, and is with low cost, realize easily producing in enormous quantities metal double polar plates.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, the present invention includes: two flow field veneers are respectively as anode and negative electrode, an intermediate supports thin plate.The intermediate supports thin plate places between two flow field veneers, is connected with the two-sided of two flow field veneers by contact point around it.By welding symmetrical must being fitted and connected, and two flow field veneer sizes and shape match between two flow field veneers.Described two flow field veneers are provided with three imports, three outlets, be respectively: its top is provided with oxidant outlet, fuel gas outlet, its below is provided with oxidant inlet, fuel gas inlets, be provided with cooling liquid inlet, cooling liquid outlet between its both sides, its four angles also are respectively equipped with circular location hole.
Described flow field veneer is to make one by process for stamping and forming, its reverse side forms raised platforms, its Facad structure comprises: reactive flowfield, sealed groove, flow field ditch ridge, reactive flowfield places the zone line of whole flow field veneer, sealed groove be arranged in reactive flowfield around, flow field ditch ridge is located in the reactive flowfield, and flow field ditch ridge is provided with minitype channel.The degree of depth of sealed groove is consistent with the gash depth of reactive flowfield, fits with the welding that meets two flow field veneers.What described reactive flowfield adopted is the interdigitated flow field of straight shape runner, is made of small gas flow groove.Need the big defective of supply gas pressure for overcoming interdigitated flow field, be provided with minitype channel on the flow field ditch ridge between the small gas flow groove, its effect is the circulation efficiency that can increase gas in the flow field, does not influence the circulation of the middle cooling fluid of bipolar plates simultaneously again.
Described runner, its cross section are rectangle.
Described two flow field veneers back-to-back by raised platforms adapting to such an extent that alignment is fitted, thereby form oxidant flow channel, fuel gas runner, coolant flow passages respectively in its both sides and centre.Described fuel gas inlets, fuel gas outlet, oxidant inlet, oxidant outlet are equipped with gas sedimentation sealed frame, and its submergence depth is identical with small gas flow gash depth.Described cooling liquid inlet and cooling liquid outlet are equipped with step cooling fluid sedimentation sealed frame.Described cooling fluid sedimentation sealed frame, the submergence depth at its four angles is identical with small gas flow gash depth, and the submergence depth of the mid portion of its four edges is less than small gas flow gash depth, to form the access way of cooling fluid.
Described flow field veneer is a rectangle.
Described flow field veneer adopts metallic sheet stock.It specifically is stainless steel.
Described flow field veneer, its thickness are 0.1mm~0.3mm.
Described intermediate supports thin plate is a hollow structure, which is provided with six square holes of engraving, and effect is the weight that alleviates the intermediate supports thin plate under the prerequisite that does not influence its performance.
Described intermediate supports thin plate is a rectangle.
Described intermediate supports thin plate, its material are stainless steel.
Described intermediate supports thin plate, its thickness are the gash depth sum of two flow field veneers.
The course of work of the present invention is: oxidant and fuel gas flow into interdigitated flow field from oxidant inlet and fuel gas inlets respectively, flow in the bipolar plates negative electrode that each leisure is separate and the gas flow of anode one side, flow out interdigitated flow field through oxidant outlet and fuel gas outlet.In this flow process, the hydrogen ion that the fuel gas that flows on the anode flow field veneer generates enters negative electrode one side of the lastblock bipolar plates of fitting with this bipolar plates by electrolyte, with the oxidant generation electrochemical reaction on it, and by external loading formation electric current.In like manner anode one side of the oxidant that flows on the cathode flow field veneer and next piece bipolar plates is fitted, and forms identical electrochemical reaction and electronics and flows.Simultaneously, in this course of reaction, cooling fluid flows into the snakelike cooling liquid flowing channel that forms by cooling liquid inlet between bipolar plates negative electrode and anode, flowed out by cooling liquid outlet, realizes the fuel battery inside temperature controlling by the control to coolant rate and flow velocity.
Compared with prior art, bipolar plates characteristics provided by the invention are to take all factors into consideration the characteristics of thin plate punching and the groove Field Characteristics of fuel battery double plates, adopt the interdigitated flow field of straight parallel shape, in the architectural feature on all flow field veneers of drawing once on the one procedure, be non-obvious, have outstanding substantive distinguishing features.Manufacture craft of the present invention is simple, can greatly enhance productivity, and reduces production costs, and improves the assembly precision of bipolar plates, has marked improvement.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a bipolar plates overall structure schematic diagram among the embodiment
Fig. 2 is a flow field single plate structure schematic diagram (front) among the embodiment
Fig. 3 is the flow field single plate structure schematic diagram (reverse side) of Fig. 2 correspondence
Fig. 4 is the intermediate supports thin-slab structure schematic diagram among the embodiment
Fig. 5 is an A-A axle side cross-sectional schematic among Fig. 1
Fig. 6 is the partial schematic diagram B among Fig. 2
Fig. 7 is the partial schematic diagram C among Fig. 2
Wherein: flow field veneer-1, flow field veneer-2, intermediate supports thin plate-3, raised platforms-4, oxidant flow channel-5, fuel gas runner-6, coolant flow passages-7, gas sedimentation sealed frame-8, cooling fluid sedimentation sealed frame-9, reactive flowfield-10, oxidant inlet-11, fuel gas inlets-12, oxidant outlet-13, fuel gas outlet-14, coolant inlet-15, coolant outlet-16, location hole-17, flow field ditch ridge-18, minitype channel-19, the square hole-20 of engraving, sealed groove-21.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are elaborated: present embodiment has provided detailed execution mode and process being to implement under the prerequisite with the technical solution of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Be illustrated in figure 1 as the overall structure schematic diagram.Present embodiment comprises two on all four self axisymmetric flow field veneer 1 and flow field veneers 2, under a mold, generate through a drawing, respectively as the negative electrode and the anode of bipolar plates, and an intermediate supports thin plate 3 that places between flow field veneer 1 and the flow field veneer 2.By precise laser welding the modes that flow field veneer 1 and flow field veneer 2 lean against privately according to raised platforms 4 strict alignment are fit together, be connected to become bipolar plates integral body with intermediate supports thin plate 3.
Be illustrated in figure 2 as the front view of flow field veneer 1, flow field veneer 1 is from symmetrical structure, and the zone line of flow field veneer 1 is a reactive flowfield 10, employing be the interdigitated flow field of straight shape runner, its flow channel cross-section is rectangle substantially.Round reactive flowfield 10 around to be provided with width be that 2~3mm, the degree of depth are the sealed groove 21 of 0.5mm.Consider the welding applying characteristic of two flow field veneers, the degree of depth of sealed groove 21 is consistent with the gash depth of reactive flowfield 10.Veneer 1 below in flow field is provided with oxidant inlet 11, fuel gas inlets 12, and the top is provided with oxidant outlet 13, fuel gas outlet 14, the position of import and outlet is designed for diagonal.Be provided with the location hole 17 that coolant inlet 15 and 16, four angles of coolant outlet are provided with four circles in the middle of the both sides of flow field veneer 1, its radial design is 3mm.Minitype channel 19, its effect are arranged is the circulation efficiency that can increase gas in the flow field in design on the flow field ditch ridge 18 among the reactive flowfield 10, does not influence the circulation of cooling fluid in the middle of the bipolar plates simultaneously again.By the characteristic of sheet stamping, when veneer 1 front in flow field forms various feature as Sheet Metal Forming Technology, then can form raised platforms 4 at reverse side, as shown in Figure 3.
The intermediate supports thin plate as shown in Figure 4, the shape of its center hollow part is consistent with the stamped bumps region shape of flow field veneer 1 and flow field veneer 2, the thickness of intermediate supports thin plate 3 designs according to the gash depth of flow field veneer, and its thickness is the gash depth sum of two flow field veneers.Be provided with six square holes 20 of engraving around intermediate supports thin plate 3, its effect is in order to alleviate the weight of intermediate supports thin plate.
Flow field veneer 1 and flow field veneer 2 lean against privately and fit according to the mode of raised platforms 4 strict alignment, thereby form oxidant flow channel 5 respectively in both sides and centre, fuel gas runner 6, and coolant flow passages 7, as shown in Figure 5.The reactive flowfield 10 of flow field veneer 1 and flow field veneer 2 is interdigitated flow field, and oxidant flow channel 5 wherein and fuel gas runner 6 are discrete straight parallel runner, and middle coolant flow passages 7 then is continuous serpentine flow path.
As shown in Figure 6, at oxidant inlet 11, fuel gas inlets 12, oxidant outlet 13, fuel gas outlet 14 is equipped with gas sedimentation sealed frame 8, and its submergence depth is with identical with the gash depth of reactive flowfield 10.The width design consideration bipolar plates size of gas sedimentation sealed frame 8 decides, and the gas sedimentation sealed frame 8 of flow field veneer 1 and flow field veneer 2 welding is mutually fitted.
As shown in Figure 7, at coolant inlet 15, coolant outlet 16 is equipped with cooling fluid sedimentation sealed frame 9, is a kind of step composite construction.Submergence depth at four angles is identical with the gash depth of reactive flowfield 10, and the submergence depth of the mid portion of four edges is less than the gash depth of reactive flowfield 10, and midfeather then forms the access way of cooling fluid.
Present embodiment is in light weight, and volume is little, and production process is simple, and is with low cost, realizes easily producing in enormous quantities.