CN101081696B - Ferric phosphate lithium material for lithium ion powder cell and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Ferric phosphate lithium material for lithium ion powder cell and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN101081696B
CN101081696B CN2007100744558A CN200710074455A CN101081696B CN 101081696 B CN101081696 B CN 101081696B CN 2007100744558 A CN2007100744558 A CN 2007100744558A CN 200710074455 A CN200710074455 A CN 200710074455A CN 101081696 B CN101081696 B CN 101081696B
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presoma
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CN101081696A (en
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岳敏
田强
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BTR Tianjin Nano Material Manufacture Co Ltd
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BEITERUI ELECTRONIC MATERIALS Co Ltd SHENZHEN CITY
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Abstract

The present invention discloses lithium iron phosphate material for lithium ion power cell and its preparation process, and dissolves the technological problem of raising the discharge power and safety performance. The lithium iron phosphate material is spherical or spheroid composite particle with one base body of lithium iron phosphate and doping and modifying agent and one coating carbon layer. Its preparation process includes wet ball milling the mixture comprising lithium salt, ferric salt, phosphoric acid, doping and modifying agent and dispersant, spraying to pelletize, heating for pre-treatment, maintaining temperature, cooling, pulverizing and shaping. Compared with available technology, the present invention has the features of high crystallization, single structure, average composite particle size of 5-60 microns, specific surface area of 8.0-15.0 sq m/g, bulk density of 1.4-1.7 g/cu cm, high specific capacity, high safety, etc.

Description

Ferric phosphate lithium material for lithium ion powder cell and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to positive electrode of a kind of lithium-ion-power cell and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of lithium iron phosphate positive material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery has the voltage height as the new generation of green high-energy battery, and energy density is big, good cycle, and self discharge is little, memory-less effect, advantage such as operating temperature range is wide and being widely used.Positive electrode is again the important component part of lithium ion battery, and LiFePO4 becomes the focus of current research as positive electrode of new generation.Lithium iron phosphate positive material has the theoretical capacity height, and about 170mAh/g is nontoxic, and the raw material range of choice is wide, stable operating voltage, and Stability Analysis of Structures, fail safe is splendid, Heat stability is good, plurality of advantages such as high temperature and good cycle.
The synthetic of the LiFePO4 of prior art is to synthesize the master with solid phase method; as Chinese patent literature CN1581537, CN1753216, the disclosed method of CN1762798, CN1767238; promptly be that the carbonate of lithium (or hydroxide, phosphate), ferrous oxalate (or ferrous acetate, ferrous phosphate) and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (or diammonium hydrogen phosphate) are mixed, high-temperature roasting forms under inert gas shielding.Preparation technology is simple for this method, and condition is easy to control, is convenient to suitability for industrialized production.But the particle size distribution of product is wide, and crystalline size is bigger, and powder is made up of random particle, and bulk density is low, and tap density generally has only 1.0g/cm 3About, be significantly less than present cobalt acid lithium (2.8g/cm 3), LiMn2O4 (2.2g/cm 3) tap density; And the LiFePO4 conductivity is low, and high-rate charge-discharge capability is relatively poor, causes the practical application difficulty of material.
For improving the serviceability of LiFePO4, generally be that it is carried out doping treatment, disclosed oxygen place doped as Chinese patent literature CN1772604, CN1785799 is disclosed transition element doped, CN1785800 is disclosed rear-earth-doped, CN1785823 is disclosed P site doped, though said method can partly improve the serviceability of LiFePO4, is not easy to realize industrialized production.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of ferric phosphate lithium material for lithium ion powder cell and preparation method thereof, the technical problem that solve is to improve the multiplying power discharging and the security performance of lithium-ion-power cell, and chemical property is good, is fit to suitability for industrialized production.
The present invention is by the following technical solutions: a kind of ferric phosphate lithium material for lithium ion powder cell, described LiFePO 4 material has the LiFePO4 matrix through doping vario-property, matrix is coated with the composite carbon coating layer and forms particulate, particulate is combined into composite particulate material, and composite particles is spherical in shape or class is spherical.
Lithium salts, molysite and phosphate are arranged in the reaction raw materials of LiFePO4 of the present invention, and the mol ratio of lithium, iron, phosphorus is 1: 1: 1.
Lithium salts of the present invention is lithium carbonate, lithium fluoride, lithium acetate, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate or lithium dihydrogen phosphate; Described molysite is ferrous oxalate, ferrous acetate, di-iron trioxide, ferric nitrate or iron hydroxide; Described phosphate is lithium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, triammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid or phosphorus pentoxide.
Doping vario-property agent of the present invention is magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, dolomol, magnesium dihydrogen phosphate or niobium pentaoxide, and the mass ratio that accounts for composite particulate material is 1%~25%.
Composite carbon coating layer of the present invention is one or more compositions in native graphite, Delanium micro mist, organic substance pyrolytic carbon and the nanometer conductive material, and the mass ratio that accounts for composite particulate material is 1%~25%.
Nanometer conductive material of the present invention is conductive carbon black, carbon nano-tube, carbon nano-fiber or nano-sized carbon microballoon; Described organic substance pyrolytic carbon is that polyvinyl alcohol, butadiene-styrene rubber breast, carboxymethyl cellulose, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene, Kynoar, polyacrylonitrile, phenolic resins, epoxy resin, glucose, sucrose, fructose, cellulose, starch or pitch are presoma, through the formed pyrolytic carbon of high temperature cabonization.
The average grain diameter of composite particles of the present invention is 5~6 μ m, and specific area is 8~15m 2/ g, tap density is 1.4~1.7g/cm 3
A kind of preparation method of ferric phosphate lithium material for lithium ion powder cell, may further comprise the steps: (1) is 1: 1: 1 ratio in lithium, iron, phosphorus mol ratio with lithium salts, molysite, phosphate, account for the LiFePO 4 material mass ratio and be 1%~25% doping vario-property agent and dispersant, wet ball grinding 4~48h obtains compound; (2) add in compound that to account for the LiFePO 4 material mass ratio be 1%~25% carbon encapsulated material, continue ball milling 4~48h, mist projection granulating is done the globulate presoma then; (3) with spherical presoma at 300~400 ℃ of preliminary treatment 2~12h, be warmed up to 500~800 ℃ and constant temperature 4~48h again, naturally cool to room temperature then; (4) above-mentioned material is added disintegrating apparatus, efflorescence is 10~80 minutes under 3000~6000rpm condition, joins then in the impact type nodularization pulverizer, and the nodularization shaping was handled 40~180 minutes under 600~3000rpm condition, obtained LiFePO 4 material.
The lithium salts that the inventive method adopts is lithium carbonate, lithium fluoride, lithium acetate, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate or lithium dihydrogen phosphate; Described molysite is ferrous oxalate, ferrous acetate, di-iron trioxide, ferric nitrate or iron hydroxide; Described phosphate is lithium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, triammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid or phosphorus pentoxide; Described doping vario-property agent is magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, dolomol, magnesium dihydrogen phosphate or niobium pentaoxide; Described composite carbon coating layer is one or more compositions in native graphite, Delanium micro mist, organic substance pyrolytic carbon and the nanometer conductive material; Described dispersant is a deionized water.
Behind wet ball grinding 4~48h, the compound particle diameter is 5~300nm in the inventive method; The solid content of described wet ball grinding process is 5-60wt%.
The mist projection granulating of the inventive method adopts centrifugal spray granulating and drying machine, and its inlet temperature is 250-280 ℃, and outlet temperature is 90 ℃.
The equipment of wet ball grinding is that micronizer, wet method stir mill, circulating ultra-fine mill, ultra-fine sand mill or ball mill in the inventive method, and used mill is situated between and is Al 2O 3Ball, ZrO 2Ball, agate ball or stainless steel ball, sphere diameter are 0.1~10mm.
The preliminary treatment of the inventive method, intensification and constant temperature carry out in inert atmosphere, and its Equipment for Heating Processing is sealed type or cyclone furnace kiln; Described disintegrating apparatus is micronizer, airslide disintegrating mill, mechanical type pulverizer or compound pulverizer.
The stove that the inventive method adopts is push-plate type tunnel cave, tube furnace, bell jar stove or converter.
The inert gas that the inventive method adopts is argon gas, nitrogen, hydrogen or ammonia.
The present invention compared with prior art prepares spherical composite lithium iron phosphate positive electrode by presoma, advantages of good crystallization, and structure is single, does not contain dephasign, and the average grain diameter of composite particles is 5~60 μ m, and specific area is 8.0~15.0m 2/ g, the material tap density is up to 1.4~1.7g/cm 3, having the good characteristics of specific capacity height, multiplying power discharging and security performance, its preparation method is easy to suitability for industrialized production.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is composite ferric lithium phosphate material LiFePO among the embodiment 1 4The x x ray diffraction collection of illustrative plates of/C (Cu target K alpha ray, wavelength 0.154056nm);
Fig. 2 is composite ferric lithium phosphate material LiFePO among the embodiment 1 4The scanning electron microscopy of/C (SEM) photo;
Fig. 3 is the charging and discharging curve of embodiment 1, and wherein: charge-discharge magnification is 0.2C, and charging/discharging voltage is 2.0~4.2V;
Fig. 4 is the cycle performance curve of embodiment 1, and wherein: charge-discharge magnification is 0.2C, and charging/discharging voltage is 2.0~4.2V;
Fig. 5 is the cycle performance curve of embodiment 4, and wherein: charge-discharge magnification is 1C, and charging/discharging voltage is 2.0~4.2V.
Specific implementation method
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
With 740g lithium carbonate (Li 2CO 3), 3600g ferrous oxalate (FeC 2O 42H 2O) and 2300g ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4H 2PO 4), with the 50g magnesium hydroxide, adding in the 10kg deionized water, ball milling 24h in wet method agitating ball mill (model SX-30), the medium of use are the zirconia balls of diameter 1mm, adopting the MalvernMS2000 laser particle analyzer to record the compound particle diameter is 200nm.Add 990g glucose afterwards, continue ball milling 24h, use centrifugal spray granulating and drying machine then,, under 90 ℃ of conditions of outlet temperature, obtain spherical presoma 250 ℃ of inlet temperatures; Above-mentioned presoma is put into the atmosphere protection tube furnace, feed nitrogen, insulation 12h is warmed up to 800 ℃ and constant temperature 24h then under 300 ℃, naturally cools to room temperature; Above-mentioned material is added micronizer, efflorescence 45min under 6000rpm, and then join in the impact type nodularization pulverizer, spheroidising 120min under the 3000rpm condition obtains spherical composite lithium iron phosphate material.The result that this material obtains with Japanese D2000X x ray diffractometer x of science as shown in Figure 1, as can be seen, utilize method of the present invention, synthesized the spherical composite lithium iron phosphate positive electrode of the olivine-type structure of pure phase, there is not impurity peaks in the spectrogram, the product purity height.The average grain diameter that adopts Malvern MS2000 laser particle analyzer to record this material is 22 μ m, and specific area is 9m 2/ g, tap density 1.7g/cm 3
The chemical property of gained material is tested as follows, is positive active material with synthetic composite lithium iron phosphate material, and the lithium sheet is a negative pole, is assembled into the two-electrode experiment battery.The mass ratio that consists of m (active material): m (acetylene black): m (polytetrafluoroethylene) of cathode film=85: 10: 5, the positive plate of thickness less than 0.1mm made in roll extrusion on aluminium foil, 120 ℃ of following vacuumizes 8 hours; With metal lithium sheet as negative pole; Barrier film is import microporous polypropylene membrane (Celgard 2400); Electrolyte is 1mol/l LiPF 6/ ethylene carbonate (EC)+dimethyl carbonate (DMC) volume ratio 1: 1 is assembled into Experimental cell in glove box.The charge-discharge performance test of battery is at room temperature carried out, and (the new prestige BS9000 in Shenzhen) carries out the constant current charge-discharge loop test with cell tester.Charging/discharging voltage is 2.0~4.2V, charges and discharge multiplying power when being 0.2C, and the capacity of battery reaches 140mAh/g, circulate after 20 weeks, capacity keeps more than 98%, and 1C discharge capacity first reaches 123mAh/g, remain on 116mAh/g through 60 circulation volumes, conservation rate is 94%.
Adopt lithium carbonate (Li 2CO 3), ferrous oxalate (FeC 2O 42H 2O) and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4H 2PO 4) the synthetic pure phase LiFePO4 of conventional method, make battery as stated above, carry out the constant current charge-discharge loop test.Charging/discharging voltage is 2.0~4.2V, charges and discharge multiplying power when being 0.2C, and specific discharge capacity is lower, 100mAh/g only, after 20 weeks of circulating, capacity keeps about 70%, 1C discharge capacity first is 88mAh/g, remains on 53mAh/g through 60 circulation volumes, and conservation rate is 60%.And tap density is very low, has only 1.0g/cm 3, be significantly less than and adopt the present invention to prepare the tap density 1.7g/cm of material 3Specific area is 20m 2More than/the g, prepare the specific area 8~15m of material much larger than the present invention 2/ g.
Embodiment 2
With 840g lithium hydroxide (LiOHH 2O), 1600g di-iron trioxide (Fe 2O 3) and 2300g ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4H 2PO 4), 474g magnesium oxide adds in the 10kg deionized water, and ball milling 48h in wet method agitating ball mill (model SX-30), the medium of use are the zirconia balls of diameter 1mm, and adopting the MalvernMS2000 laser particle analyzer to record the compound particle diameter is 5nm.Add 990g glucose afterwards, continue ball milling 4h, use centrifugal spray granulating and drying machine then,, under 90 ℃ of conditions of outlet temperature, obtain spherical presoma 280 ℃ of inlet temperatures; Above-mentioned presoma is put into the atmosphere protection tube furnace, feed nitrogen, insulation 2h is warmed up to 750 ℃ and constant temperature 20h then under 400 ℃, naturally cools to room temperature; Above-mentioned material is added micronizer, pulverize 10min under 6000rpm, and then join in the impact type nodularization pulverizer, spheroidising 40min under the 3000rpm condition obtains spherical composite lithium iron phosphate material.The average grain diameter that records this material is 11 μ m, and specific area is 13m 2/ g, tap density 1.6g/cm 3Press the method for embodiment 1 and make battery, adopt identical method test, discharge and recharge scope 2.0~4.2V, charge and discharge multiplying power when being 0.2C, the capacity of battery reaches 138mAh/g, after 20 weeks of circulating, capacity keeps 99%, 1C discharge capacity first reaches 120mAh/g, remains on 114mAh/g through 60 circulation volumes, and conservation rate is 95%.
Embodiment 3
With 740g lithium carbonate (Li 2CO 3), 1600g di-iron trioxide (Fe 2O 3), 2300g ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4H 2PO 4), with the 50g magnesium hydroxide, adding in the 10kg deionized water, ball milling 4h in wet method agitating ball mill (model SX-30), the medium of use are the zirconia balls of diameter 1mm, adopting Malvern MS2000 laser particle analyzer to record the compound particle diameter is 300nm.Add the 400g conductive carbon black afterwards, continue ball milling 48h, use centrifugal spray granulating and drying machine then,, under 90 ℃ of conditions of outlet temperature, obtain spherical presoma 250 ℃ of inlet temperatures; Above-mentioned presoma is put into the atmosphere protection tube furnace, feed nitrogen, insulation 8h is warmed up to 800 ℃ and constant temperature 20h then under 350 ℃, naturally cools to room temperature; Above-mentioned material is added micronizer, pulverize 80min under 5000rpm, and then join in the impact type nodularization pulverizer, spheroidising 180min under the 600rpm condition obtains spherical composite lithium iron phosphate material.The average grain diameter that records this material is 5 μ m, and specific area is 13m 2/ g, tap density 1.4g/cm 3Press the method for embodiment 1 and make battery, adopt identical method test, discharge and recharge scope 2.0~4.2V, charge and discharge multiplying power when being 0.2C, the capacity of battery reaches 135mAh/g, after 20 weeks of circulating, capacity keeps 98.5%, 1C discharge capacity first reaches 118mAh/g, remains on 112mAh/g through 60 circulation volumes, and conservation rate is 95%.
Embodiment 4
With 740g lithium carbonate (Li 2CO 3), 3600g ferrous oxalate (FeC 2O 42H 2O) and 2300g ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4H 2PO 4), with the 50g magnesium hydroxide, adding in the 10kg deionized water, ball milling 24h in wet method agitating ball mill (model SX-30), the medium of use are the zirconia balls of diameter 1mm, adopting the MalvernMS2000 laser particle analyzer to record the compound particle diameter is 250nm.Add 990g glucose afterwards, continue ball milling 48h, use centrifugal spray granulating and drying machine then,, under 90 ℃ of conditions of outlet temperature, obtain spherical presoma 260 ℃ of inlet temperatures; Above-mentioned presoma is put into the atmosphere protection tube furnace, feed nitrogen, insulation 12h is warmed up to 800 ℃ and constant temperature 20h then under 300 ℃, naturally cools to room temperature; Above-mentioned material is added micronizer, comminution of material 60min under 4000rpm, and then join in the impact type nodularization pulverizer, spheroidising 120min under the 1500rpm condition obtains spherical composite lithium iron phosphate material.The average grain diameter that records this material is 60 μ m, and specific area is 8m 2/ g, tap density 1.7g/cm 3Press the method for embodiment 1 and make battery, adopt identical method test, discharge and recharge scope 2.0~4.2V, charge and discharge multiplying power when being 0.2C, the capacity of battery reaches 137mAh/g, after 20 weeks of circulating, capacity keeps 99%, 1C discharge capacity first reaches 119mAh/g, remains on 112mAh/g through 60 circulation volumes, and conservation rate is 94%.
Embodiment 5
With 840g lithium hydroxide (LiOHH 2O), 3600g ferrous oxalate (FeC 2O 42H 2O) and 2640g diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH 4) 2HPO 4), with 80g niobium pentaoxide (Nb 2O 5), adding in the 10kg deionized water, ball milling 24h in wet method agitating ball mill (model SX-30), the medium of use are the zirconia balls of diameter 1mm, adopting Malvern MS2000 laser particle analyzer to record the compound particle diameter is 150nm.Add the 400g conductive carbon black afterwards, continue ball milling 24h, use centrifugal spray granulating and drying machine then,, under 90 ℃ of conditions of outlet temperature, obtain spherical presoma 250 ℃ of inlet temperatures; Above-mentioned presoma is put into the atmosphere protection tube furnace, feed nitrogen, insulation 12h is warmed up to 750 ℃ and constant temperature 36h then under 300 ℃, naturally cools to room temperature; Above-mentioned material is added micronizer, pulverize 30min under 6000rpm, and then join in the impact type nodularization pulverizer, spheroidising 90min under the 3000rpm condition obtains spherical composite lithium iron phosphate material.The average grain diameter that records this material is 10 μ m, and specific area is 13m 2/ g, tap density 1.7g/cm 3Press the method for embodiment 1 and make battery, adopt identical method test, discharge and recharge scope 2.0~4.2V, charge and discharge multiplying power when being 0.2C, the capacity of battery reaches 137mAh/g, after 20 weeks of circulating, capacity keeps 98%, 1C discharge capacity first reaches 121mAh/g, remains on 117mAh/g through 60 circulation volumes, and conservation rate is 97%.
Embodiment 6
With 2080g lithium dihydrogen phosphate (LiH 2PO 4), 3600g ferrous oxalate (FeC 2O 42H 2O) (lithium dihydrogen phosphate serves as phosphate simultaneously) is with 80g niobium pentaoxide (Nb 2O 5), adding in the 10kg deionized water, ball milling 24h in wet method agitating ball mill (model SX-30), the medium of use are the zirconia balls of diameter 1mm, adopting Malvern MS2000 laser particle analyzer to record the compound particle diameter is 200nm.Add the 400g conductive carbon black afterwards, continue ball milling 24h, use centrifugal spray granulating and drying machine then,, under 90 ℃ of conditions of outlet temperature, obtain spherical presoma 250 ℃ of inlet temperatures; Above-mentioned presoma is put into the atmosphere protection tube furnace, feed nitrogen, insulation 12h is warmed up to 750 ℃ and constant temperature 36h then under 300 ℃, naturally cools to room temperature; Above-mentioned material is added micronizer, pulverize 30min under 6000rpm, and then join in the impact type nodularization pulverizer, spheroidising 60min under the 3000rpm condition obtains spherical composite lithium iron phosphate material.The average grain diameter that records this material is 10 μ m, and specific area is 13m 2/ g, tap density 1.6g/cm 3Press the method for embodiment 1 and make battery, adopt identical method test, discharge and recharge scope 2.0~4.2V, charge and discharge multiplying power when being 0.2C, the capacity of battery reaches 137mAh/g, after 20 weeks of circulating, capacity keeps 99%, 1C discharge capacity first reaches 121mAh/g, remains on 117mAh/g through 60 circulation volumes, and conservation rate is 97%.
Embodiment 7
With 2080g lithium dihydrogen phosphate (LiH 2PO 4), 1600g di-iron trioxide (Fe 2O 3) (lithium dihydrogen phosphate serves as phosphate simultaneously) and 80g niobium pentaoxide (Nb 2O 5), adding in the 10kg deionized water, ball milling 24h in wet method agitating ball mill (model SX-30), the medium of use are the zirconia balls of diameter 1mm, adopting Malvern MS2000 laser particle analyzer to record the compound particle diameter is 240nm.Add the 400g conductive carbon black afterwards, continue ball milling 24h, use centrifugal spray granulating and drying machine then,, under 90 ℃ of conditions of outlet temperature, obtain spherical presoma 250 ℃ of inlet temperatures; Above-mentioned presoma is put into the atmosphere protection tube furnace, feed nitrogen, insulation 12h is warmed up to 700 ℃ and constant temperature 36h then under 300 ℃, naturally cools to room temperature; Above-mentioned material is added micronizer, pulverize 50min under 6000rpm, and then join in the impact type nodularization pulverizer, spheroidising 100min under the 3000rpm condition obtains spherical composite lithium iron phosphate material.The average grain diameter that records this material is 10 μ m, and specific area is 13m 2/ g, tap density 1.6g/cm 3Press the method for embodiment 1 and make battery, adopt identical method test, discharge and recharge scope 2.0~4.2V, charge and discharge multiplying power when being 0.2C, the capacity of battery reaches 132mAh/g, after 20 weeks of circulating, capacity keeps 97%, 1C discharge capacity first reaches 115mAh/g, remains on 108mAh/g through 60 circulation volumes, and conservation rate is 93%.
Embodiment 8
With 2080g lithium dihydrogen phosphate (LiH 2PO 4), 2140g iron hydroxide (Fe (HO) 3), (lithium dihydrogen phosphate serves as phosphate simultaneously) and 80g niobium pentaoxide (Nb 2O 5), adding in the 10kg deionized water, ball milling 24h in wet method agitating ball mill (model SX-30), the medium of use are the zirconia balls of diameter 1mm, adopting Malvern MS2000 laser particle analyzer to record the compound particle diameter is 200nm.Add the 400g conductive carbon black afterwards, continue ball milling 24h, use centrifugal spray granulating and drying machine then,, under 90 ℃ of conditions of outlet temperature, obtain spherical presoma 250 ℃ of inlet temperatures; Above-mentioned presoma is put into the atmosphere protection tube furnace, feed nitrogen, insulation 12h is warmed up to 750 ℃ and constant temperature 24h then under 300 ℃, naturally cools to room temperature; Above-mentioned material is added micronizer, pulverize 50min under 6000rpm, and then join in the impact type nodularization pulverizer, spheroidising 100min under the 3000rpm condition obtains spherical composite lithium iron phosphate material.The average grain diameter that records this material is 12 μ m, and specific area is 15m 2/ g, tap density 1.6g/cm 3Press the method for embodiment 1 and make battery, adopt identical method test, discharge and recharge scope 2.0~4.2V, charge and discharge multiplying power when being 0.2C, the capacity of battery reaches 136mAh/g, after 20 weeks of circulating, capacity keeps 99%, 1C discharge capacity first reaches 118mAh/g, remains on 108mAh/g through 60 circulation volumes, and conservation rate is 92%.
LiFePO 4Belong to olivine-type structure, space group is Pnmb.In the a-c plane at lithium atom place, include PO 4Tetrahedron, this has just limited the mobile space of lithium ion, so its conductivity is lower than other lamellar compound.
The hot method composition principle that the present invention adopts LiFePO4 is at high temperature raw material lithium salts, ferrous salt, phosphate generation redox reaction, generating micro-molecular gas overflows and LiFePO4, according to this composition principle, available lithium salts is lithium carbonate, lithium fluoride, lithium acetate, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate or lithium dihydrogen phosphate; Available molysite is ferrous oxalate, ferrous acetate, di-iron trioxide, ferric nitrate or iron hydroxide; Phosphate can be lithium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, triammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid or phosphorus pentoxide.For improving the chemical property of synthetic, the doping vario-property agent of employing is magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, dolomol, magnesium dihydrogen phosphate or niobium pentaoxide, Mg wherein simultaneously 2+, Nb 5+Enter LiFePO Deng metal ion 4Replace Li wherein in the lattice +The position, conductivity of electrolyte materials is improved greatly; In order further to improve the electric conductivity of material, reduce battery polarization, give full play to the capacity of positive electrode, and the synthetic atmosphere of control prevents ferrous oxidation, has adopted the carbon doping among the preparation method of the present invention, used material with carbon element can be the higher natural graphite powder of crystal structure, graphous graphite powder, nano-carbon material (raising conductivity), also can adopt various organic substance RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON, improve the synthetic atmosphere of material, anti-oxidation.Above-mentioned organic substance pyrolytic carbon can be that polyvinyl alcohol, butadiene-styrene rubber breast, carboxymethyl cellulose, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene, Kynoar, polyacrylonitrile, phenolic resins, epoxy resin, glucose, sucrose, fructose, cellulose, starch or pitch etc. are presoma, through the formed pyrolytic carbon of high temperature cabonization.The doping vario-property agent is the compound that contains metallic elements such as Mg, Nb, as magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, dolomol, magnesium dihydrogen phosphate or niobium pentaoxide etc.

Claims (6)

1. ferric phosphate lithium material for lithium ion powder cell, it is characterized in that: described LiFePO 4 material has the LiFePO4 matrix through doping vario-property, matrix is coated with the composite carbon coating layer and forms particulate, particulate is combined into composite particulate material, composite particles is spherical in shape or class is spherical, the doping vario-property agent is a niobium pentaoxide, and the mass ratio that accounts for composite particulate material is 1%~25%;
Lithium salts, molysite and phosphate are arranged in the reaction raw materials of described LiFePO4, and the mol ratio of lithium, iron, phosphorus is 1: 1: 1;
Described lithium salts is lithium carbonate, lithium fluoride, lithium acetate, lithium nitrate or lithium dihydrogen phosphate; Described molysite is ferrous oxalate, ferrous acetate or ferric nitrate; Described phosphate is lithium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate or triammonium phosphate;
Described composite carbon coating layer is more than one compositions in native graphite, Delanium micro mist, organic substance pyrolytic carbon and the nanometer conductive material, and the mass ratio that accounts for composite particulate material is 1%~25%;
Described nanometer conductive material is conductive carbon black, carbon nano-tube, carbon nano-fiber or nano-sized carbon microballoon; Described organic substance pyrolytic carbon is that polyvinyl alcohol, butadiene-styrene rubber breast, carboxymethyl cellulose, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene, Kynoar, polyacrylonitrile, phenolic resins, epoxy resin, glucose, sucrose, fructose, cellulose, starch or pitch are presoma, through the formed pyrolytic carbon of high temperature cabonization;
The average grain diameter of described composite particles is 5~60 μ m, and specific area is 8~15m 2/ g, tap density is 1.4~1.7g/cm 3
Described ferric phosphate lithium material for lithium ion powder cell prepares by the following method, may further comprise the steps: (1) is 1: 1: 1 ratio in lithium, iron, phosphorus mol ratio with lithium salts, molysite, phosphate, account for the LiFePO 4 material mass ratio and be 1%~25% doping vario-property agent and dispersant, wet ball grinding 4~48h obtains compound; (2) add in compound that to account for the LiFePO 4 material mass ratio be 1%~25% carbon encapsulated material, continue ball milling 4~48h, mist projection granulating is done the globulate presoma then; (3) with spherical presoma at 300~400 ℃ of preliminary treatment 2~12h, be warmed up to 500~800 ℃ and constant temperature 4~48h again, naturally cool to room temperature then; (4) above-mentioned material is added disintegrating apparatus, efflorescence is 10~80 minutes under 3000~6000rpm condition, joins then in the impact type nodularization pulverizer, and the nodularization shaping was handled 40~180 minutes under 600~3000rpm condition, obtained LiFePO 4 material.
2. ferric phosphate lithium material for lithium ion powder cell according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ferric phosphate lithium material for lithium ion powder cell is by the 840g lithium hydroxide, 3600g ferrous oxalate and 2640g diammonium hydrogen phosphate, with the 80g niobium pentaoxide, add in the 10kg deionized water, ball milling 24h in the wet method agitating ball mill, the medium that uses is the zirconia ball of diameter 1mm, add the 400g conductive carbon black afterwards, continue ball milling 24h, use centrifugal spray granulating and drying machine then, 250 ℃ of inlet temperatures, under 90 ℃ of conditions of outlet temperature, obtain spherical presoma; Above-mentioned presoma is put into the atmosphere protection tube furnace, feed nitrogen, insulation 12h is warmed up to 750 ℃ and constant temperature 36h then under 300 ℃, naturally cools to room temperature; Above-mentioned material is added micronizer, pulverize 30min under 6000rpm, and then join in the impact type nodularization pulverizer, spheroidising 90min under the 3000rpm condition obtains spherical composite lithium iron phosphate material; The average grain diameter of the spherical composite lithium iron phosphate material of gained is 10 μ m, and specific area is 13m 2/ g, tap density 1.7g/cm 3
3. ferric phosphate lithium material for lithium ion powder cell according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ferric phosphate lithium material for lithium ion powder cell is by 2080g lithium dihydrogen phosphate, 3600g ferrous oxalate, with the 80g niobium pentaoxide, add in the 10kg deionized water, ball milling 24h in the wet method agitating ball mill, the medium that uses is the zirconia ball of diameter 1mm, add the 400g conductive carbon black afterwards, continue ball milling 24h, use centrifugal spray granulating and drying machine then, 250 ℃ of inlet temperatures, under 90 ℃ of conditions of outlet temperature, obtain spherical presoma; Above-mentioned presoma is put into the atmosphere protection tube furnace, feed nitrogen, insulation 12h is warmed up to 750 ℃ and constant temperature 36h then under 300 ℃, naturally cools to room temperature; Above-mentioned material is added micronizer, pulverize 30min under 6000rpm, and then join in the impact type nodularization pulverizer, spheroidising 60min under the 3000rpm condition obtains spherical composite lithium iron phosphate material; The average grain diameter of the spherical composite lithium iron phosphate material of gained is 10 μ m, and specific area is 13m 2/ g, tap density 1.6g/cm 3
4. ferric phosphate lithium material for lithium ion powder cell according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ferric phosphate lithium material for lithium ion powder cell is by 2080g lithium dihydrogen phosphate, 1600g di-iron trioxide, with the 80g niobium pentaoxide, add in the 10kg deionized water, ball milling 24h in the wet method agitating ball mill, the medium that uses is the zirconia ball of diameter 1mm, add the 400g conductive carbon black afterwards, continue ball milling 24h, use centrifugal spray granulating and drying machine then, 250 ℃ of inlet temperatures, under 90 ℃ of conditions of outlet temperature, obtain spherical presoma; Above-mentioned presoma is put into the atmosphere protection tube furnace, feed nitrogen, insulation 12h is warmed up to 700 ℃ and constant temperature 36h then under 300 ℃, naturally cools to room temperature; Above-mentioned material is added micronizer, pulverize 50min under 6000rpm, and then join in the impact type nodularization pulverizer, spheroidising 100min under the 3000rpm condition obtains spherical composite lithium iron phosphate material; The average grain diameter of the spherical composite lithium iron phosphate material of gained is 10 μ m, and specific area is 13m 2/ g, tap density 1.6g/cm 3
5. ferric phosphate lithium material for lithium ion powder cell according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ferric phosphate lithium material for lithium ion powder cell by 2080g lithium dihydrogen phosphate, 2140g iron hydroxide, with the 80g niobium pentaoxide, add in the 10kg deionized water, ball milling 24h in the wet method agitating ball mill, the medium that uses is the zirconia ball of diameter 1mm, add the 400g conductive carbon black afterwards, continue ball milling 24h, use centrifugal spray granulating and drying machine then, 250 ℃ of inlet temperatures, under 90 ℃ of conditions of outlet temperature, obtain spherical presoma; Above-mentioned presoma is put into the atmosphere protection tube furnace, feed nitrogen, insulation 12h is warmed up to 750 ℃ and constant temperature 24h then under 300 ℃, naturally cools to room temperature; Above-mentioned material is added micronizer, pulverize 50min under 6000rpm, and then join in the impact type nodularization pulverizer, spheroidising 100min under the 3000rpm condition obtains spherical composite lithium iron phosphate material; The average grain diameter of the spherical composite lithium iron phosphate material of gained is 12 μ m, and specific area is 15m 2/ g, tap density 1.6g/cm 3
6. the preparation method of a ferric phosphate lithium material for lithium ion powder cell, may further comprise the steps: (1) is 1: 1: 1 ratio in lithium, iron, phosphorus mol ratio with lithium salts, molysite, phosphate, account for the LiFePO 4 material mass ratio and be 1%~25% doping vario-property agent niobium pentaoxide and dispersant, wet ball grinding 4~48h obtains compound; (2) add in compound that to account for the LiFePO 4 material mass ratio be 1%~25% carbon encapsulated material, continue ball milling 4~48h, mist projection granulating is done the globulate presoma then; (3) with spherical presoma at 300~400 ℃ of preliminary treatment 2~12h, be warmed up to 500~800 ℃ and constant temperature 4~48h again, naturally cool to room temperature then; (4) above-mentioned material is added disintegrating apparatus, efflorescence is 10~80 minutes under 3000~6000rpm condition, joins then in the impact type nodularization pulverizer, and the nodularization shaping was handled 40~180 minutes under 600~3000rpm condition, obtained LiFePO 4 material;
Described lithium salts is lithium carbonate, lithium fluoride, lithium acetate, lithium nitrate or lithium dihydrogen phosphate; Described molysite is ferrous oxalate, ferrous acetate or ferric nitrate; Described phosphate is lithium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate or triammonium phosphate; Described composite carbon coating layer is more than one compositions in native graphite, Delanium micro mist, organic substance pyrolytic carbon and the nanometer conductive material; Described dispersant is a deionized water;
Behind described wet ball grinding 4~48h, the compound particle diameter is 5~300nm;
Described mist projection granulating adopts centrifugal spray granulating and drying machine, and its inlet temperature is 250-280 ℃, and outlet temperature is 90 ℃;
The equipment of described wet ball grinding is that micronizer, wet method stir mill, circulating ultra-fine mill, ultra-fine sand mill or ball mill, and used mill is situated between and is Al 2O 3Ball, ZrO 2Ball, agate ball or stainless steel ball, sphere diameter are 0.1~10mm;
Described preliminary treatment, intensification and constant temperature carry out in inert atmosphere, and its Equipment for Heating Processing is sealed type or cyclone furnace kiln; Described disintegrating apparatus is micronizer, airslide disintegrating mill, mechanical type pulverizer or compound pulverizer;
Described stove is push-plate type tunnel cave, tube furnace, bell jar stove or converter;
Described inert gas is argon gas, nitrogen, hydrogen or ammonia.
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