CN106410164B - A kind of anode material and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of anode material and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/387—Tin or alloys based on tin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high-performance composite materials and its preparation method and application, the composite material is mainly as made by water soluble starch and active material, starch passes through high temperature cabonization, the nano particle of active material is present in the inside of carbon structure, clad structure is formed, there are microcellular structures abundant in entire composite construction.Compared with the existing technology, present invention process step is simple, and the reaction time is short, reproducible, high income, and low in cost, has preferable scale application potentiality；Preparation step and raw material used are environmentally protective；The chemical property of prepared combination electrode improves obviously, is used for preparation li-ion electrode, cyclical stability is good, and charge-discharge performance is excellent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technical field of composite materials, and in particular to a kind of to prepare cathode using traditional bean jelly facture
Application in composite material, preparation method and lithium ion battery.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery have open-circuit voltage is high, energy density is big, long service life, memoryless effect, of low pollution and
The advantages that self-discharge rate is small, it is better than other traditional secondary batteries on overall performance, is unanimously considered as various portable electrics
Sub- equipment and ideal power supply for electric vehicle.Although conventional lithium ion battery negative electrode material graphite good cycling stability with
And sexual valence is relatively high, but since its charging and discharging capacity is lower, volume and capacity ratio is even more no advantage, it is difficult to meet dynamical system
The system especially requirement of electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle to cell high-capacity.Therefore exploitation has height ratio capacity, high charge-discharge
Efficiency, the great urgency of novel cathode material for lithium ion battery of long circulation life.
In the research of novel non-carbon negative material, the pure metals such as silicon, tin, germanium, metal oxide and composition metal
Oxide material increasingly attracts attention because of the embedding lithium capacity of theory with higher.If the negative electrode material of these high capacity can reach
Degree of being practical will be such that the application range of lithium ion battery widens significantly.But the negative electrode material of these high capacity is mostly electric
Conductance is lower, and under the conditions of high level removal lithium embedded, and there are serious bulk effects, causes the cyclical stability of electrode poor.
For the volume efficiency of the negative electrode material of these high capacity, by it and, buffering silicon compound with elastic and stable performance carrier
Volume change, the effective way of its cyclical stability will be improved while being to maintain high capacity.In order to further increase cathode
The performance of material, other than carrying out cladding processing to active material, increasing by a sheaf space structure in composite material is also very
It is necessary to.Because the presence of this sheaf space structure can further maintain the complete and stability of electrode structure to reduce electrode
Deformation, so as to further improve the chemical property of combination electrode.
Traditional bean jelly manufacture craft is simple, environmental protection, it is from a wealth of sources, but by utilization ground in field of composite material preparation
It is rare for studying carefully fresh.Currently, electrode material preparation process is complicated in the prior art, prices of raw materials electricity that is high, and preparing
Pole cyclical stability is poor, high rate performance is not excellent enough, and the feature of environmental protection is poor.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: it is high for the complexity of electrode material preparation process in the prior art, the prices of raw materials, and prepare
Electrode cycle stability is poor, not excellent etc. enough drawbacks of high rate performance, it is cool using tradition that the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of
Powder facture prepares the application in anode material, preparation method and lithium ion battery.
Technical solution: in order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the invention discloses a kind of anode material, the composite wood
For material mainly as made by water soluble starch and active material, starch passes through high temperature cabonization, and the nano particle of active material exists
In the inside of carbon structure, clad structure is formed, there are microcellular structures abundant in entire composite construction.
The microcellular structure abundant refers to that there is the micropore knots of uniform or non-homogeneous arrangement in entire composite construction
Structure spreads entire material surface.
Preferably, the active material is nano silica fume, nanometer germanium powder, nanometer glass putty, nano-stannic oxide, nano oxygen
Change one or more of tungsten, nano zine oxide, nano indium oxide, nanometer zinc manganate, nanometer cobalt acid manganese and nanometer Manganese Ferrite.
As another preferred embodiment, the water soluble starch is commercially available peameal or mealy potato.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of the anode material, comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing: active material, conductive agent, pore creating material and water soluble starch are added portionwise in deionized water, warp
Cross ultrasound, stir process is sufficiently mixed uniformly；
(2) mixture that step (1) obtains high-temperature process: is heated to paste；
(3) it is freeze-dried: after the solidification composite material that step (2) is obtained is via freezing processing, using freeze-drying
Processing, is prepared dehydrating mixt；
(4) high temperature cabonization: it is at 500~900 DEG C of high temperature cabonization sintering that step (3), which is obtained dehydrating mixt through excess temperature,
Anode material is prepared in reason.
Preferably, the active material is directly to use, or handled using preceding by high temperature sintering.
As another preferred embodiment, the conductive agent is carboxylation carbon nanotube or graphene oxide.
As another preferred embodiment, it is EO20PO70EO20 (polyethylene oxide-polycyclic that the pore creating material, which is triblock copolymer,
Ethylene Oxide-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer, abbreviation P123) or EO106PO70EO106 (PluronicF127, referred to as
F127) one such.
As another preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of the pore creating material and active material is (20:1)~(1:2.5)；The conduction
The mass ratio of agent and active material is (0:1)~(0.5:1)；The mass ratio of the water soluble starch and active material is (50:1)
~(2:1)；The mass ratio of the deionized water and water soluble starch is (20:1)~(40:1).
As another preferred embodiment, the high temperature cabonization sintering condition are as follows: be sintered under inert atmosphere Ar gas.
The present invention finally additionally provides the anode material and is preparing the application in lithium battery, by the composite material
After being fully ground according to a certain percentage as li-ion electrode negative electrode material and carbon black and carboxymethyl cellulose, it is uniformly mixed, applies
Vacuum drying is after film to get lithium ion battery combination electrode.The cyclicity of the composite negative pole of above-mentioned composite material preparation is used
It can be greatly improved with high rate performance.
The present invention prepares anode material using traditional bean jelly facture, is dissolved at high temperature using water soluble starch
Active material, pore creating material and conductive agent are sufficiently mixed with amidin by the characteristic of water in advance, in the event of high temperatures, cool
Powder fixes active material, is then carried out dehydrating by the method being freeze-dried, and handles and is prepared via high temperature cabonization.
Gained composite material includes containing abundant macropore and meso-hole structure, these pore structures provide enough buffering skies to active material
Between, the complete and stability of electrode structure can be further maintained, the deformation of electrode is reduced, to further improve combination electrode
Chemical property.
The utility model has the advantages that containing the cathode for enriching pore structure using traditional bean jelly facture preparation the present invention provides a kind of
Composite material, and preparation method thereof and the application in lithium ion battery, have the advantage that compared with prior art
(1) the uniform cladding of the presence and carbon material of enriching pore structure improves the chemical property of active material bright
It is aobvious.
(2) present invention process step is simple, reproducible, high income, and the cost of raw material is cheap from a wealth of sources, synthesizes
Journey is environmentally protective, has preferable scale application potentiality.
(3) composite material provided by the invention is applied to preparation li-ion electrode as negative electrode material, and cyclical stability is good
Good, charge-discharge performance is excellent.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the digital camera photo and microscope photo of the sintering of sample prepared by embodiment 1 front and back；
Fig. 2 is the sintered SEM photograph of sample prepared by embodiment 1；
The sintered TEM photo of sample prepared by Fig. 3 embodiment 1；
Fig. 4 is prepared electrode in embodiment 1 in 400mAg-1Charging and discharging currents density under cycle performance test it is bent
Line；
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described combined with specific embodiments below, and the description of specific embodiment is substantially only model
Example, following embodiment are based on technical solution of the present invention and are implemented, and the detailed implementation method and specific operation process are given,
But protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.
Embodiment 1
By the Si powder of 100nm in 500 DEG C of sintering 1h of Muffle furnace high temperature.The sintered silicon powder of 0.12g is taken to be dispersed in 20mL
Uniformly, then by 0.2g P123,1g peameal is dispersed therein ultrasound in deionized water, is stirred at room temperature uniformly, is then heated to
Paste is put into refrigerator and freezes 6h.Then, it is freeze-dried, target combination electrode material is prepared in 600 degree of Ar gas sintering 3h.
As li-ion electrode negative electrode material and carbon black and carboxymethyl cellulose after composite material after grinding is fully ground
Element according to parts by weight 70: 15: 15 ratio, be uniformly mixed, 70 DEG C of vacuum drying 6h, are prepared lithium ion battery after film
Combination electrode.The combination electrode is placed in 2025 battery cases, is to electrode, using polyethylene film as diaphragm, with 1M with lithium piece
LiPF6+ EC/DEC (v/v=1/1) and containing a small amount of FEC additive be electrolyte assembled battery in 400mAg-1Charge and discharge
Constant current charge-discharge test is carried out under current density, tests the cyclical stability of composite material preparation li-ion electrode.
As can be seen that combination electrode on the digital camera photo and microscope photo of the sintering of the sample prepared by Fig. 1 front and back
Material remains a large amount of microcellular structure after sintering；As can be seen that Si nano particle is in composite wood from the SEM photograph of Fig. 2
The surface of material retains less；The TEM of Fig. 3 shows that Si nano particle is present in the inside of carbon structure substantially, forms good packet
Cover structure.Fig. 4 shows the electrode relative to the Si material not being wrapped by, and compound electrode cycle performance improvement is larger, 100
Discharge capacity is from 80mAhg after circulation-1Improve to 980mAhg-1。
Embodiment 2
By the Si powder of 100nm in 500 DEG C of sintering 1h of Muffle furnace high temperature.It takes 0.01g graphene oxide to be dispersed in 40mL to go
Ultrasound is uniform in ionized water, then the sintered silicon powder of 0.02g is dispersed in above-mentioned mixed solution, by 0.4g after ultrasound is uniform
F127,1g peameal are dispersed therein, and are stirred at room temperature uniformly, are then heated to paste, are put into refrigerator and freeze 6h.Then, cold
It is lyophilized dry, target combination electrode material is prepared in 900 degree of Ar gas sintering 2h.
Gained composite material is detected by SEM and TEM, substantially similar to the structure of 1 resulting materials of embodiment.
As li-ion electrode negative electrode material and carbon black and carboxymethyl cellulose after composite material after grinding is fully ground
Element according to parts by weight 70: 15: 15 ratio, be uniformly mixed, 70 DEG C of vacuum drying 6h, are prepared lithium ion battery after film
Combination electrode.The combination electrode is placed in 2025 battery cases, is to electrode, using polyethylene film as diaphragm, with 1M with lithium piece
LiPF6+ EC/DEC (v/v=1/1) and containing a small amount of FEC additive be electrolyte assembled battery in 400mAg-1Charge and discharge
Constant current charge-discharge test is carried out under current density, tests hollow titanium coated Si composite material preparation li-ion electrode
Cyclical stability.Relative to nano Si mosaic electrode, the compound electrode cycle performance improvement of the present invention is larger, after 200 circulations
Discharge capacity is from 40mAhg-1Improve to 480mAhg-1。
Embodiment 3
By the Si powder of 100nm in 500 DEG C of sintering 1h of Muffle furnace high temperature.0.1g carboxylation multi-arm carbon nano-tube is taken to be dispersed in
Ultrasound is uniform in 30mL deionized water, then the sintered silicon powder of 0.2g is dispersed in above-mentioned mixed solution, will after ultrasound is uniform
0.2g P123,1g peameal is dispersed therein, and is stirred at room temperature uniformly, is then heated to paste, is put into refrigerator and freezes 6h.So
Afterwards, it is freeze-dried, target combination electrode material is prepared in 500 degree of Ar gas sintering 6h.
Gained composite material is detected by SEM and TEM, substantially similar to the structure of 1 resulting materials of embodiment.
As li-ion electrode negative electrode material and carbon black and carboxymethyl cellulose after composite material after grinding is fully ground
Element according to parts by weight 70: 15: 15 ratio, be uniformly mixed, 70 DEG C of vacuum drying 6h, are prepared lithium ion battery after film
Combination electrode.The combination electrode is placed in 2025 battery cases, is to electrode, using polyethylene film as diaphragm, with 1M with lithium piece
LiPF6+ EC/DEC (v/v=1/1) and containing a small amount of FEC additive be electrolyte assembled battery in 400mAg-1Charge and discharge
Constant current charge-discharge test is carried out under current density, tests hollow titanium coated Si composite material preparation li-ion electrode
Cyclical stability.Relative to the electrode for the Si material not being wrapped by, compound electrode cycle performance improvement is larger, 100 circulations
Discharge capacity is from 80mAhg afterwards-1Improve to 1160mAhg-1。
Embodiment 4
The Sn powder 0.5g of 100nm is dispersed in 30mL deionized water ultrasound uniformly, then 0.2g F127 is dispersed in above-mentioned
In mixed solution, 1g peameal is dispersed therein after ultrasound is uniform, is stirred at room temperature uniformly, is then heated to paste, is put into ice
6h is freezed in case.Then, it is freeze-dried, target combination electrode material is prepared in 500 degree of Ar gas sintering 6h.
Gained composite material is detected by SEM and TEM, substantially similar to the structure of 1 resulting materials of embodiment.
As li-ion electrode negative electrode material and carbon black and carboxymethyl cellulose after composite material after grinding is fully ground
Element according to parts by weight 70: 15: 15 ratio, be uniformly mixed, 70 DEG C of vacuum drying 6h, are prepared lithium ion battery after film
Combination electrode.The combination electrode is placed in 2025 battery cases, is to electrode, using polyethylene film as diaphragm, with 1M with lithium piece
LiPF6+ EC/DEC (v/v=1/1) and containing a small amount of FEC additive be electrolyte assembled battery in 400mAg-1Charge and discharge
Constant current charge-discharge test is carried out under current density, tests hollow titanium coated Si composite material preparation li-ion electrode
Cyclical stability.Relative to the electrode of nanometer Sn particle, compound electrode cycle performance improvement is larger, discharges after 300 circulations
Capacity is from 240mAhg-1Improve to 980mAhg-1。
In conclusion utilizing the combination electrode material reactive nanoparticles of traditional bean jelly manufacture craft and associated materials preparation
It is successfully coated in porous carbon material, pore structure abundant makes active material particle great in charge and discharge process
Volume expansion is effectively inhibited, to greatly improve the cyclical stability that composite material is used as li-ion electrode.
The present invention prepares that raw material is cheap, and operating procedure is simple, and the charge-discharge performance of high income, material is excellent, convenient for industry
Metaplasia produces.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of anode material, which is characterized in that the composite material is mainly by water soluble starch and active material institute
It is made, starch passes through high temperature cabonization, and the nano particle of active material is present in the inside of carbon structure, forms clad structure, entirely
There are microcellular structures abundant in composite construction；
The preparation method of the anode material, comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing: active material, conductive agent, pore creating material and water soluble starch are added portionwise in deionized water, by super
Sound, stir process are sufficiently mixed uniformly；
(2) mixture that step (1) obtains high-temperature process: is heated to paste；
(3) it is freeze-dried: after the solidification composite material that step (2) is obtained is via freezing processing, using freeze-drying process,
Dehydrating mixt is prepared；
(4) high temperature cabonization: it is 500~900 DEG C of high temperature cabonization sintering processes systems that step (3), which is obtained dehydrating mixt through excess temperature,
It is standby to obtain anode material.
2. anode material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the active material is nano silica fume, nanometer
Germanium powder, nanometer glass putty, nano-stannic oxide, nanometer tungsten oxide, nano zine oxide, nano indium oxide, nanometer zinc manganate, nanometer cobalt
One or more of sour manganese and nanometer Manganese Ferrite.
3. anode material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the water soluble starch is commercially available peameal
Or mealy potato.
4. the preparation method of the described in any item anode materials of claim 1-3, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing: active material, conductive agent, pore creating material and water soluble starch are added portionwise in deionized water, by super
Sound, stir process are sufficiently mixed uniformly；
(2) mixture that step (1) obtains high-temperature process: is heated to paste；
(3) it is freeze-dried: after the solidification composite material that step (2) is obtained is via freezing processing, using freeze-drying process,
Dehydrating mixt is prepared；
(4) high temperature cabonization: it is 500~900 DEG C of high temperature cabonization sintering processes systems that step (3), which is obtained dehydrating mixt through excess temperature,
It is standby to obtain anode material.
5. the preparation method of anode material according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the active material is direct
It uses, or is handled using preceding by high temperature sintering.
6. the preparation method of anode material according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the conductive agent is carboxylation carbon
Nanotube or graphene oxide.
7. the preparation method of anode material according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the pore creating material is three block
Copolymer is that EO20PO70EO20 or EO106PO70EO106 is one such.
8. the preparation method of anode material according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the pore creating material and active matter
The mass ratio of matter is (20:1)~(1:2.5)；The mass ratio of the conductive agent and active material is (0:1)~(0.5:1)；It is described
The mass ratio of water soluble starch and active material is (50:1)~(2:1)；The mass ratio of the deionized water and water soluble starch
For (20:1)~(40:1).
9. the preparation method of anode material according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the high temperature cabonization sintered bar
Part are as follows: be sintered under inert atmosphere Ar gas.
10. the described in any item anode materials of claim 1-3 are preparing the application in lithium battery, which is characterized in that will
The composite material compares as li-ion electrode negative electrode material and carbon black and carboxymethyl cellulose according to certain after being fully ground
Example is uniformly mixed, and vacuum drying is after film to get lithium ion battery combination electrode.
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| CN107069025A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-08-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Sour manganese material of a kind of stratiform cobalt and preparation method thereof |
| CN107331832B (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2019-12-13 | 苏州冠洁纳米抗菌涂料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of composite material |
| CN108493401A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-09-04 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | A kind of sodium-ion battery combination electrode |
| CN110635117B (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2021-04-20 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Lithium ion battery positive electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
| CN109560273B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2021-03-16 | 重庆文理学院 | Zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112531160A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2021-03-19 | 贝特瑞新材料集团股份有限公司 | Amorphous carbon negative electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111211313B (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2021-05-11 | 博尔特新材料(银川)有限公司 | Plant cellulose modified silicon/carbon composite negative electrode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113161516B (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2024-01-09 | 江苏正力新能电池技术有限公司 | Lithium ion battery |
| CN114242994A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-03-25 | 惠州锂威新能源科技有限公司 | Preparation method of composite negative electrode material, composite negative electrode material and application |
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