CN101080219B - 含依托芬那酯的外用贴剂 - Google Patents

含依托芬那酯的外用贴剂 Download PDF

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CN101080219B
CN101080219B CN2004800446159A CN200480044615A CN101080219B CN 101080219 B CN101080219 B CN 101080219B CN 2004800446159 A CN2004800446159 A CN 2004800446159A CN 200480044615 A CN200480044615 A CN 200480044615A CN 101080219 B CN101080219 B CN 101080219B
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石间智广
山崎裕之
山地正博
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Teikoku Seiyaku Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种贴剂,其具有优异的皮肤渗透性、和优异的药物治疗效果、且刺激性低。在外用贴剂中,将包含胶粘基剂和药物的胶粘层与背衬层压,该外用贴剂中的胶粘基剂包含5-50wt%的合成橡胶、10-60wt%的胶粘树脂和25-60wt%的液体石蜡,所述药物为依托芬那酯。根据本发明,可以提供具有优异的皮肤渗透性、和优异的药物治疗效果、且刺激性低的贴剂。

Description

含依托芬那酯的外用贴剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种外用贴剂,其中,层压包含胶粘基剂和药物的胶粘层与背衬。
背景技术
依托芬那酯是一种非甾体抗炎镇痛剂,被用作由僵硬肩(stiffshoulders)和肌肉疲劳、挫伤、扭伤等引起的疼痛的治疗剂,为软膏及凝胶剂形式。但是,对于软膏和凝胶剂来说,难以控制待施用的量,并且由于在制剂中混入了挥发性的醇,皮肤刺激性和特殊的气味由此成为问题。而且,当使用该制剂时,存在手或衣物易于被弄脏这一缺点。
为了弥补所述制剂的此类缺点,有报道提出了使用合成橡胶的贴剂。例如,在日本专利申请A 63-246327中,描述了包含作为药物的依托芬那酯、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SIS嵌段共聚物)、胶粘树脂、液体石蜡、液体胶质和抗氧化剂的贴剂。但是,对依托芬那酯的皮肤渗透性和贴剂的皮肤刺激性仍有改进空间。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种外用贴剂,该外用贴剂的依托芬那酯的皮肤渗透性优异,具有优异的抗炎活性并且皮肤刺激性很低。
附图说明
图1显示了依托芬那酯在各种贴剂中的累积渗透量。
发明概述
为了解决上述缺点,本发明人进行了认真的研究,结果发现满足所述目的的贴剂可以通过将依托芬那酯加入到包含5-50wt%的合成橡胶、10-60wt%的胶粘树脂和25-60wt%的液体石蜡的胶粘基剂中制得。
也就是说,本发明涉及一种外用贴剂,其中包含胶粘基剂和药物的胶粘层与背衬层压,该外用贴剂中的胶粘基剂包含5-50wt%的合成橡胶、10-60wt%的胶粘树脂和25-60wt%的液体石蜡,所述药物为依托芬那酯。
具体实施方式
本发明的经皮吸收贴剂中所使用的合成橡胶包括苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SIS嵌段共聚物)、聚异丁烯、异戊二烯橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、硅橡胶等。合成橡胶可以组合使用,但考虑到药物的皮肤渗透性和制剂的物理性能,SIS嵌段共聚物是最优选的。
合成橡胶的量通常为5-50wt%,优选5-40wt%,更优选10-25wt%。当小于5wt%时,基剂没有聚集,且可能使得部分胶粘剂在制剂从皮肤移除时保留在皮肤上。当大于50wt%时,聚集能力变得太强并发生胶粘性的降低。因此,由于在制剂的制备中胶粘剂的高粘度而使基剂的涂布步骤实施起来变得困难。
胶粘树脂常常为贴剂提供对于皮肤的粘附性,且松香树脂及其衍生物(松香、松香酯、氢化松香、氢化松香酯)、石油树脂(脂环族烃树脂、脂族烃树脂)、萜烯树脂等被用作胶粘树脂。在本发明中,从经皮吸收性和皮肤粘附性的角度考虑,优选使用石油树脂,特别优选使用脂环族饱和烃。
胶粘树脂的量为10-60wt%,优选15-50wt%,更优选20-40wt%。当小于10wt%时,贴剂的粘附性降得过低。当大于60wt%时,粘附性变得太强,因此在贴剂从皮肤移除时,发生物理刺激,且胶粘剂的粘度变得太高。
液体石蜡具有使胶粘剂***并改进在施用中对于皮肤的粘附性的能力,并且能够控制对皮肤的粘附性以及降低对皮肤的物理刺激。
液体石蜡的量在本发明的制剂中起到非常重要的作用。
液体石蜡的量为25-60wt%,优选25-50wt%,更优选30-40wt%。当小于25wt%时,粘附性变得太强,并且在贴剂从皮肤移除时,出现物理刺激。此外,药物的皮肤渗透性大大降低(参见图1)。当超过60wt%时,不能获得足够的粘附性且胶粘剂的聚集能力降低。因此,部分胶粘剂可能保留在皮肤上。
还发现,在本发明的制剂中,通过进一步向胶粘基剂中加入增塑剂,可以提高药物的皮肤渗透性。
本发明中所用的增塑剂包括甘油三乙酸酯,克罗米通,脂肪酸酯如癸二酸二乙酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯等,N-甲基吡咯烷酮等。
增塑剂的量通常为0.5-20wt%,优选1-10wt%,更优选3-7wt%。增塑剂可以组合使用。特别优选克罗米通和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯的组合作为本发明中使用的增塑剂。
克罗米通的量优选为0.5-5wt%。当小于0.5wt%时,效果变低。当超过5wt%时,出现胶粘剂的聚集遭到破坏,并且部分胶粘剂在制剂从皮肤移除时保留在皮肤上。肉豆蔻酸异丙酯的量优选为0.5-15wt%。当小于0.5wt%时,效果变低。当超过15wt%时,出现胶粘剂的聚集遭到破坏,并且部分胶粘剂在制剂从皮肤移除时保留在皮肤上。在将克罗米通和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯组合使用时,它们的比率优选为1∶1-1∶3。
本发明中使用的依托芬那酯的量通常为1-10wt%,优选2-8wt%,更优选3-6wt%。当小于1wt%时,药物释放量变低,很可能不能获得所需的治疗效果,并且当超过10wt%时,难以制备涉及其它成分的所述制剂。
如果需要,本发明的贴剂可以包含其它通常用于贴剂中的成分,例如抗氧化剂、填料、防腐剂、软化剂等。
所述抗氧化剂包括二丁基羟基甲苯及其衍生物、生育酚及其衍生物、抗坏血酸及其衍生物等。所述填料包括碳酸钙、碳酸镁、硫酸镁、氧化锌、氧化钛、硅酸及其盐(二氧化硅、硅酸铝、硅酸镁、轻质硅酸酐等)等。所述防腐剂包括对羟基苯甲酸酯(对-羟基苯甲酸酯)等。所述软化剂包括石油(石蜡油、芳族油等)、硅油、液体橡胶(聚丁烯、液体异戊二烯橡胶等)、高分子量脂肪酸、高分子量脂肪酸酯、多元醇(聚乙二醇、丙二醇、二甘醇、环丙二醇、甘油、水杨酸乙二醇酯等)、植物油(橄榄油、桉树油)等。
对本发明贴剂的胶粘层厚度没有限制,优选为20-500μm,更优选为70-300μm,因为当太薄时,粘附性降低,而当太厚时,贴剂容易由于衣物的摩擦而脱落。
用于本发明中的背衬优选富有弹性,包括很多种类的编织纺织品(woven textile)、无纺织物(unwoven textile)、氯乙烯膜、聚乙烯膜、聚氨酯膜等或者这些膜的层压复合膜。
本发明中使用的释放衬里包括膜,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯等,并且这些膜如果必要的话可以用硅进行处理以使它们具有适当的释放性能。
本发明的贴剂如下制备。
即,在加热下溶解合成橡胶、胶粘树脂、液体石蜡、软化剂、抗氧化剂、填料等。冷却后,向其中加入依托芬那酯以及如果需要的话还有增塑剂,并且在搅拌下捏合该混合物。将由此得到的基剂涂布在硅处理过的PET膜上,与背衬(聚酯织物)层压,并切割为所需的尺寸,从而制备本发明得经皮吸收贴剂。
本发明将通过以下的实施例更加具体地说明,但本发明并不限于所述实施例。
术语“份”在实施例中表示“重量份”,除非另有定义。
根据上述方法,制备了具有实施例1至实施例5中所示成分的经皮吸收的贴剂。
还制备了包含实施例5的成分(除了以液体石蜡(5份)代替依托芬那酯(5.0份)之外)的制剂(贴剂)作为对照制剂。
实施例1
依托芬那酯                    5.0(份)
SIS嵌段共聚物                 15.0
氢化松香甘油酯                30.0
液体石蜡                      38.0
聚丁烯                        10.0
二丁基羟基甲苯                1.0
轻质硅酸酐                    1.0
总计                          100.0
实施例2
依托芬那酯                    5.0(份)
SIS嵌段共聚物                 15.0
脂环族饱和烃                  30.0
液体石蜡                      38.0
聚丁烯                        10.0
二丁基羟基甲苯                1.0
轻质硅酸酐                    1.0
总计                          100.0
实施例3
依托芬那酯                    5.0(份)
SIS嵌段共聚物                 15.0
脂环族饱和烃                  30.0
液体石蜡                      33.0
聚丁烯                        10.0
肉豆蔻酸异丙酯                5.0
二丁基羟基甲苯                1.0
轻质硅酸酐                    1.0
总计                          100.0
实施例4
依托芬那酯                    5.0(份)
SIS嵌段共聚物                 15.0
脂环族饱和烃                  30.0
液体石蜡                      36.0
聚丁烯                        10.0
克罗米通                      2.0
二丁基羟基甲苯                1.0
轻质硅酸酐                    1.0
总计                          100.0
实施例5
依托芬那酯                    5.0(份)
SIS嵌段共聚物                 15.0
脂环族饱和烃                  30.0
液体石蜡                      31.0
聚丁烯                        10.0
肉豆蔻酸异丙酯                5.0
克罗米通                      2.0
二丁基羟基甲苯                1.0
轻质硅酸酐                    1.0
总计                          100.0
在加热下搅拌SIS嵌段共聚物、氢化萜烯树脂、液体石蜡、聚丁烯和抗氧化剂的混合物。冷却后,向其中加入依托芬那酯,并且在搅拌下捏合该混合物。将由此得到的基剂涂布在硅处理过的PET膜上,与背衬(聚酯织物)层压,并切割为所需的尺寸,制备包含对比实施例1的成分的贴剂。
对比实施例1
依托芬那酯                    10.0(份)
SIS嵌段共聚物                 30.0
氢化萜烯树脂                  45.0
液体石蜡                      4.5
聚丁烯                        10.0
抗氧化剂                      0.5
总计                          100.0
:日本专利公开A 63-24632的实施例2
将依托芬那酯加入丙烯酸类聚合物中,并向其中加入适量的乙酸乙酯,以控制涂布时的粘度,从而制备丙烯酸类胶粘液体。将所述丙烯酸类胶粘液体涂布在PET膜上,并通过干燥除去溶剂以制备胶粘层。该层通过与层压PET无纺织物和PET膜制得的背衬进行层压而制得包含对比实施例2的成分的贴剂。
对比实施例2
依托芬那酯                    5.0(份)
丙烯酸类胶粘剂                95.0
总计                          100.0
将依托芬那酯和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯加入丙烯酸类聚合物,并根据对比实施例2的方法处理该混合物以制备包含对比实施例3的成分的贴剂。
对比实施例3
依托芬那酯                    5.0(份)
丙烯酸类胶粘剂                90.0
肉豆蔻酸异丙酯                5.0
总计                          100.0
将依托芬那酯和克罗米通加入丙烯酸类聚合物,并根据对比实施例2的方法处理该混合物以制备包含对比实施例4的成分的贴剂。
对比实施例4
依托芬那酯                    5.0(份)
丙烯酸类胶粘剂                93.0
克罗米通                      2.0
总计                          100.0
将依托芬那酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯和克罗米通加入丙烯酸类聚合物,并根据对比实施例2的方法处理该混合物以制备包含对比实施例5的成分的贴剂。
对比实施例5
依托芬那酯                    5.0(份)
丙烯酸类胶粘剂                88.0
肉豆蔻酸异丙酯         5.0
克罗米通               2.0
总计                   100.0
试验1:体外的皮肤渗透性试验
为了研究依托芬那酯的皮肤渗透性,使用实施例1、2、3、4和5以及对比实施例1、2、3、4和5的制剂进行了体外(大鼠)的皮肤渗透性试验。在除去大鼠腹部的毛之后,取下腹部的皮肤并固定在弗朗茨渗滤池(Frantz diffusion cell)中。在该池的内部,填充有磷酸盐缓冲生理盐水作为受体溶液。37℃的水在所述池外面的夹套中循环。每一贴剂被冲压为具有2.5cm直径的圆形物且将每一圆形物施用于池中的皮肤上。以一定的时间间隔从受体溶液取样并由液相色谱测定依托芬那酯经过皮肤渗透的量。
结果显示于图1中。根据该结果,包含合成橡胶的制剂在依托芬那酯的皮肤渗透性方面优于包含丙烯酸类胶粘剂的制剂。此外,通过使得合成橡胶包含多于25%的液体石蜡,依托芬那酯的皮肤渗透性得到提高,且通过向其中加入克罗米通和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯,皮肤渗透性进一步提高。
试验2:对由角叉菜胶在肢体足底上引起的水肿的抑制试验
将实施例2-5、对比实施例1和2的各贴剂切割成3cm×4cm的尺寸,并将该切割的贴剂在施与角叉菜胶之前4小时施用于大鼠右后肢的足底。将1%角叉菜生理盐水(0.1mL)经皮下施与大鼠右后肢的足底以诱发在该区域的水肿。在给药前和给药后4小时,测量该肢体的体积。
根据以下计算公式计算水肿的抑制率:
公式:
水肿率(%)={(肢体在诱发水肿4小时后的体积(mL)-肢体在诱发水肿之前的体积(mL))/肢体在诱发水肿之前的体积(mL)}×100抑制率(%)={1-试验样品的水肿率(%)/未处理对照组的水肿率(%)}×100
结果显示于表1中。本发明的所有制剂(实施例2-5)均显示出了对于水肿的抑制,特别是包含克罗米通和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯的制剂与对照制剂相比在水肿抑制方面显示出显著的统计学差异(t分布p<0.01)。
表1
Figure G04844615920070618D000091
试验3:粘附试验
根据JIS Z0237 14:斜面滚球方法,测量各制剂的其胶粘能力。将实施例1、实施例2、实施例5、对比实施例1、对比实施例2和对比实施例5的各贴剂切割成10cm×5cm的尺寸。设备的斜面角度设定为30°并使用由丙烯酸类聚合物制成的斜板,且运行的长度和测量部分为10cm。对每一制剂测量三次并且记录球在测量部分停留超过5分钟的次数中的最大次数。
结果显示于表2中。包含合成橡胶的制剂在胶粘能力方面优于包含丙烯酸类胶粘剂的制剂,且另外包含液体石蜡(超过25%)的制剂的胶粘能力得到改进。
表2
Figure G04844615920070618D000092
试验4:对兔子的初级皮肤刺激试验
该试验使用日本雌性白兔(8只兔子)进行。在除去兔子背部的毛之后,将各贴剂两片分别施用于右侧和左侧。右侧为健康部位而左侧为受伤部位。所述受伤部分为由注射针所致的的#形损伤。将对照的、实施例2、实施例5、对比实施例1、对比实施例2和对比实施例5(n=6)的各贴剂冲压成直径为2.5cm的圆形物并将其一一用于目标区域。将被施药的各部位用带子(band-aid,商品名)固定。所述兔子还穿有防护衣以防止施用的贴剂移动。在施用24小时之后,移除各贴剂,并在1小时、24小时和48小时观察皮肤反应。
根据表3中所述的Draize判断标准来进行判断。基于移除贴剂后1小时和48小时的判断,计算出初级皮肤刺激指标(P.I.I)。
结果显示于表4中。该试验中使用的本发明的制剂刺激性较低。
表3:Draize判断标准
Figure G04844615920070618D000101
表4
通过上述试验,可以确认本发明的包含依托芬那酯作为活性成分的经皮吸收外用贴剂具有优异的皮肤渗透性和优异的由依托芬那酯的治疗效果,并且具有更高的安全性和更低的刺激性。

Claims (2)

1.一种外用贴剂,其中,将包含胶粘基剂和药物的胶粘层与背衬层压,该外用贴剂中的胶粘基剂包含5-50wt%的苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、10-60wt%的脂环族饱和烃树脂作为粘合剂树脂和25-60wt%的液体石蜡、作为增塑剂的0.5-20wt%的克罗米通和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯,以及所述药物为依托芬那酯,其中,所述胶粘基剂含有0.5-5wt%的克罗米通以及0.5-15wt%的肉豆蔻酸异丙酯。
2.根据权利要求1的外用贴剂,其中克罗米通和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯的比是1∶1至1∶3。
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