CN101072751A - 从含氨气体流中去除氨的方法 - Google Patents

从含氨气体流中去除氨的方法 Download PDF

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CN101072751A
CN101072751A CNA2005800422394A CN200580042239A CN101072751A CN 101072751 A CN101072751 A CN 101072751A CN A2005800422394 A CNA2005800422394 A CN A2005800422394A CN 200580042239 A CN200580042239 A CN 200580042239A CN 101072751 A CN101072751 A CN 101072751A
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约瑟夫·休伯特·梅森
埃克森·厄尔本
约翰·克里吉斯曼
温弗瑞德·里比格
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Stamicarbon BV
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    • B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
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    • B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
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Abstract

本发明涉及从含氨气体流中去除氨的方法，所述工艺通过用酸处理所述含氨气体流中的氨，在所述处理过程中形成包含铵盐的水流，在所述工艺中，用电渗析处理包含所述铵盐的所述水流，由此回收所述酸，并形成包含氢氧化铵的水流。

Description

从含氨气体流中去除氨的方法
本发明涉及从含氨气体流中去除氨的方法，所述工艺通过用酸处理所述含氨气体流中的氨，在所述处理过程中形成包含铵盐的水流。
由于氨会引起环境问题，因此必须将其从被排放到空气中的气体流中去除。关于氨排放的政府规定今后将变得更加严格。
例如，US-A-4424072中描述了一种从含氨气体流中去除氨的方法。在该专利说明书中描述了，通过使从尿素装置的造粒塔顶部排出的气体流与非挥发性的稀酸溶液在洗涤器中接触以吸收NH3，从而从所述气体流中去除氨。根据US-A-4424072，非挥发性酸溶液包括例如磷酸、硫酸和硝酸的无机酸以及例如柠檬酸、草酸的有机酸和类似的非挥发性有机酸。根据US-A-4424072，无氨气体流被排放到空气中。该文提到可以将所得的离开造粒塔中的洗涤段的包含铵盐的水流循环至尿素生产过程。
使用如US-A-4424072的方法(其中，包含铵盐的水流被循环至尿素生产过程)的缺点是，最终产品(此时为尿素)可能会被铵盐污染，而污染是不期望的。例如，尿素中的铵盐通常会使该尿素不适于制备蜜胺。对这些铵盐(例如作为副产物)进行单独处理通常耗费金钱和能量，或引起环境问题。
已发现，上述缺点可通过以下方法消除：用电渗析处理包含铵盐的水流，由此回收酸并形成包含氢氧化铵的水流。
通过对包含铵盐的水流进行电渗析，可以回收用于去除氨的酸，并且包含铵盐的水流不被循环至尿素生产，从而不会对所得尿素造成污染。
根据本发明的从含氨气体流中去除氨的方法，包含铵盐的水流是用电渗析处理的。
在本文中，电渗析被定义为包括阳极和阴极的电解过程，该过程还包括至少一个位于所述阳极与阴极之间的膜。此膜可以是阴离子可渗透膜、阳离子可渗透膜或一个或更多个这些膜与至少两个双极性膜的组合。当这些离子分别被阴极和阳极吸引时，阴离子可渗透膜和阳离子可渗透膜分别可以渗透阴离子和阳离子。双极性膜由层压在一起的阴离子可渗透膜和阳离子可渗透膜构成。当此双极性膜被定向以使阳离子可渗透膜面向阴极时，水被分解为质子和氢氧根离子。
在处理包含铵盐的水流的过程中，用于转化含氨气体流中的氨的酸被回收。因此，此酸可重新用于转化含氨气体流中的氨。可用于转化氨的酸例如是上述US-A-4424072中提到的有机酸和无机酸。
在本发明的方法中，在包含铵盐的水流的电渗析过程中还形成含有氢氧化铵的水流。此含有氢氧化铵的水流在其形成之后可以被热处理，由此形成气态氨流。
含氨气体流可来源于各种化学过程(例如氨、尿素和蜜胺生产过程)，也可源自农业来源。本发明的方法特别适合处理含有少量氨的含氨气体流。难以用其它方法(例如通过分离和冷凝)处理这些含氨气体流以从这些气体流中去除氨。含有少量氨的含氨气体流的例子是离开尿素装置的造粒或粒化段的气体流。
当将用本发明的方法处理的含氨气体流来源于氨、尿素或蜜胺生产过程时，可以将气态氨流循环至这些过程。在循环气态氨流之前，可以处理所述气态流，以在气态流中浓缩氨。
电渗析在电化学电池中进行，所述电化学电池包括由阴离子可渗透膜或阳离子可渗透膜分隔的阳极和阴极。还可以使用一个或更多个这些膜与至少两个双极性膜的组合。为了以酸被回收并且形成氢氧化铵盐的方式转化水流中的铵盐，阳极和阴极优选被至少一个阴离子可渗透膜分隔。更优选地，电化学电池还包括双极性膜和阳离子可渗透膜。
本发明还涉及用于处理含氨气体流的电渗析工段，所述工段包括：
●洗涤器，在其中，含氨气体流与酸接触；
●电渗析装置，在其中，生成包含酸的流和包含氢氧化铵的流。
优选地，电渗析工段还包括汽提器，在其中，所述包含氢氧化铵的流被加热，并形成气态氨流。
优选将此电渗析工段结合到包括造粒工段或粒化工段的尿素装置中，从而对离开所述造粒或粒化工段的含氨气体流进行处理。
参考附图进一步详细解释本发明。图1示出了本发明的电渗析工段。所述电渗析工段包括含氨气体流(1)与酸溶液(3)在其中接触的洗涤器(SC)。净化空气通过(2)从洗涤器排出。用泵将酸溶液部分地输送至电渗析装置(ED)并部分地返回洗涤器，其中所述酸溶液还含有作为铵盐形式的被捕获的氨。电渗析装置包括至少一个位于阳极与阴极之间的膜。包含酸(4)的流在电渗析装置(ED)中生成并被循环至洗涤器(SC)，同样在电渗析装置中生成的包含氢氧化铵盐(5)的另一个流被给料至汽提器(ST)。在汽提器(ST)中，氢氧化铵借助于流(6)被转化成包含水的气态氨流(7)。
下面更详细地描述本发明的电渗析装置的两种可能配置的实施例。
根据第一种配置，电渗析装置由电化学电池构成，所述电化学电池包括一个位于阳极与阴极之间的阴离子可渗透膜，所述阴离子可渗透膜将所述电池分成阳极隔室和阴极隔室。包含铵盐的溶剂被给料至阴极隔室。在电渗析装置中，酸在阳极隔室形成，而氢氧化铵盐在阴极隔室形成。PH为0-2的硫酸溶液可用作所述酸。在洗涤器中形成硫酸铵。离开洗涤器并含有硫酸铵的溶液的一部分被给料至电化学电池的阴极隔室。硫酸根离子被输送通过膜，然后在阳极隔室中被转化为硫酸。铵离子在阴极隔室中被转化为氢氧化铵。部分硫酸溶液被循环至洗涤器，部分氢氧化铵溶液在汽提器中被处理。
根据第二种配置，电渗析装置由电化学电池构成，所述电化学电池包括位于阳极与阴极之间并以本领域技术人员已知的方式排列的阴离子可渗透膜和/或阳离子可渗透膜以及双极性膜。电化学电池例如可以是如图2所示的所谓的三隔室电池。
含氨气体流与pH为0-2的硝酸溶液在洗涤器中接触。所得的包含硝酸铵的溶液的一部分被给料至电渗析装置中的电化学电池。电化学电池如图2排列的由阴离子可渗透膜(A)、阳离子可渗透膜(C)和双极性膜(B)构成。包含硝酸铵的溶液(S)被给料至电化学电池。水在双极性膜内分解，并形成硝酸溶液(Y)和氢氧化铵溶液(X)。部分硝酸溶液被循环至洗涤器，部分氢氧化铵溶液在汽提器中被处理。

Claims (11)

1.从含氨气体流中去除氨的方法，所述工艺用酸处理所述含氨气体流中的氨，在所述处理过程中形成包含铵盐的水流，其特征在于，用电渗析处理包含所述铵盐的所述水流，由此回收所述酸，并形成包含氢氧化铵的水流。
2.如权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，所述包含氢氧化铵盐的水流被热处理，由此形成气态氨流。
3.如权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于，所述含氨气体流是尿素生产过程的造粒或粒化工段的尾气流。
4.如权利要求1-3中任何一项的方法，其特征在于，所述气态氨流被循环至所述尿素生产过程。
5.如权利要求1-4中任何一项的方法，其特征在于，所述电渗析在电化学电池中进行，所述电化学电池包括阳极和阴极，所述阳极和阴极由阴离子可渗透膜、阳离子可渗透膜或一个或更多个所述膜与至少两个双极性膜的组合分隔。
6.如权利要求1-5中任何一项的方法，其特征在于，所述电渗析在电化学电池中进行，所述电化学电池包括由阴离子可渗透膜分隔的阳极和阴极。
7.如权利要求1-6中任何一项的方法，其特征在于，所述电渗析在电化学电池中进行，所述电化学电池包括由阴离子可渗透膜、阳离子可渗透膜和双极性膜分隔的阳极和阴极。
8.电渗析工段，包括：
●洗涤器，在其中，含氨气体流与酸接触；
●电渗析装置，在其中，生成包含酸的流和包含氢氧化铵的流。
9.如权利要求8的电渗析工段，其特征在于，所述电渗析工段还包括汽提器，在所述汽提器中，所述包含氢氧化铵的流被加热，并形成气态氨流。
10.包括造粒工段或粒化工段的尿素装置，其特征在于，所述尿素装置还包括如权利要求9的电渗析工段，以处理离开所述造粒或粒化工段的所述含氨气体流。
11.如权利要求10的尿素装置，其特征在于，所述电渗析工段中形成的所述气态氨流在所述尿素装置内被再循环。
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CN101072751B (zh) 2010-08-25
CA2588774C (en) 2014-10-28
MY150463A (en) 2014-01-30
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US20140284214A1 (en) 2014-09-25
MX2007006779A (es) 2007-10-23
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US20080128291A1 (en) 2008-06-05
EA013218B1 (ru) 2010-04-30

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