CN101065635B

CN101065635B - Dimensionally-optimised device for the exchange of heat and method for optimisation of the dimensions of devices for the exchange of heat

Info

Publication number: CN101065635B
Application number: CN2005800400520A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 穆拉德·本-萨哈; 戈特弗里德·迪尔; 米夏埃尔·克拉尼希; 沃尔夫冈·泽瓦尔德; 卡尔-海因茨·斯塔法; 克里斯托夫·瓦尔特
Original assignee: Behr GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2004-11-23
Filing date: 2005-11-17
Publication date: 2010-10-13
Anticipated expiration: 2025-11-17
Also published as: DE102004056557A1; US20080029242A1; BRPI0518471A2; CN101065635A; EP1831632A1; JP2008520489A; WO2006056360A1

Abstract

A method and apparatus for code multiplexing one or more control signals onto a shared control channel. According to the present invention, a control signal for transmission from a base station to a mobile station terminal is repeated in each slot of a predetermined time interval. The control signal in each slot is spread using a bit-level spreading sequence, where the bit-level spreading sequence varies from slot to slot according to a predefined sequence-hopping pattern. The spread control signals generated for transmission to each mobile station terminal are then combined and spread using a common channelization code.

Description

The dimensionally-optimised method of dimensionally-optimised heat-exchange device and heat-exchange device

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of heat-exchange device.This device is especially relevant with the air-conditioning equipment in the automobile.But must be pointed out that device of the present invention also can be used in other the air-conditioning equipment or kind of refrigeration cycle.

Background technology

In the prior art, be known that air-conditioning equipment or heat-exchange device adopt refrigerant R134a in order to realize cooling.In addition, the also useful cold-producing medium R744 of known air-conditioning equipment replaces the air-conditioning equipment of refrigerant R134a, and here, cold-producing medium R744 is meant carbon dioxide (CO ₂).Compared with former cold-producing medium, use CO ₂Can protect environment better, because this cold-producing medium can not aggravate greenhouse effects.

But in the prior art, compare, use CO with traditional cold-producing medium ₂Can cause the rising of cost partially, this is because compare with R134a, and this cold-producing medium will be in device under the obviously higher pressure.For instance, if adopt be with the situation of using conventional refrigerants under identical geometry or the cooling cycle system of size, the big and high situation of cost of weight appears so, this just makes the manufacturing of this device not have economy.The objective of the invention is to, make the size and the CO of each heat-exchange device ₂Utilization match, thereby produce lower, the lightweight device of cost.

A large amount of studies show that, just can weight reduction by changing evaporimeter, the saving cost.The situation that also can allow power slightly to descend here is because the conclusion that a large amount of research institutes draws shows that this is minimum to the influence that cooling caused in the automobile.

Goal of the invention

The objective of the invention is to, make device pass through the cooperation of certain size, using CO ₂During as cold-producing medium, device is improved, thereby be improved at aspects such as manufacturing cost, power, weight.

Another purpose is that also improving with R134a is the device of cold-producing medium.

According to the present invention, this purpose realizes in the following manner: though occur descending as the specific refrigeration work consumption of the evaporimeter of element, its reaction to the kind of refrigeration cycle of automobile bodies is still acceptable.In this case, can no longer need surpass to use the conventional refrigerants (power level of the kind of refrigeration cycle under the situation of (R143a), but be in comparable level.More precisely, when the design evaporimeter, its weight is in comparable level when with manufacturing cost refrigerating efficiency being compared with traditional cold-producing medium.

According to invention, the crucial physical dimension of evaporimeter is optimized, thereby makes the proportionate relationship of the cost/effectiveness of whole system reach optimum as far as possible.

Purpose of the present invention is accomplished on the heat-exchange device of the following stated.The preferred implementing form and the further remodeling that also comprise other in addition.

Have a plurality of draft tubes that are used to carry fluid according to heat-exchange device of the present invention, wherein, device has and is called fitting depth below the default degree of depth one, and some draft tubes default spacing of being separated by each other on part at least.According to invention, make proportionate relationship between the degree of depth and the default spacing in this way less than 7.The degree of depth of heat-exchange device is produced by the degree of depth of each draft tube basically, and accompanying drawing is seen in detailed explanation.

As shown in drawings, the tube pitch between each draft tube is meant the distance between the side that respectively faces one another of draft tube.This tube pitch has also determined preferably to arrange the height of the fin between each pipe.Therefore, spacing is also referred to as fin height hereinafter.

Here, spacing is meant geometric distance the shortest between the draft tube.What is called at least on part default spacing be meant, in the whole length of pipe, might not keep identical spacing between the pipe.

Also can be, first group of pipe has first spacing each other, and second group of pipe has second spacing each other.This obtains describing in detail in the accompanying drawings.

In another preferred form of implementation, proportionate relationship V is less than 6.5, preferably less than 6.3, more preferably less than 5.9.Research and analysis show that aforementioned proportion closes and ties up to CO ₂For obtaining good especially cost/effectiveness relation under the situation of cold-producing medium, wherein, the index that is used for assessed cost/effectiveness relation comprises pressure drop and the manufacturing cost and the weight of specific refrigeration work consumption, air side and refrigerant side.

In another preferred implementing form, draft tube is parallel to each other on part at least.Can guarantee that like this spacing between each draft tube keeps constant basically.

Draft tube preferably is parallel to each other along its whole length basically, has first constant, the default spacing so basically in its whole length.

In another preferred implementing form, draft tube has the cross section of flat tubulose.The cross section of flat tubulose is meant that the length of one side substantially exceeds opposite side, and for example the rectangle of La Changing, the elongation rectangle that has fillet or first radius are obviously greater than the ellipse of second radius.

In another preferred implementing form, fluid is a cold-producing medium, is preferably R744 (CO ₂).

In another preferred implementing form, a plurality of first draft tubes have the first default spacing each other at least in part, a plurality of second draft tubes have second spacing that is essentially default each other at least in part, wherein, the proportionate relationship V between at least one spacing in the degree of depth and the default spacing is less than 7.

This explanation has the spacing different with other pipe between some pipes.In this case, each spacing in substantially parallel mutually draft tube can change.In addition, can be when determining the first default spacing and default second spacing, make proportionate relationship between the degree of depth and two the default spacings respectively less than 7.

Preferably, in heat-exchange device, fluid flows along a direction in a plurality of first draft tubes, and fluid flows along another direction in a plurality of second draft tubes, and selects different default tube pitch respectively for such heat-exchange device.In this way, under the situation of the heat exchanger effectiveness that reaches considering, can realize the low-cost configuration form.

In another preferred implementing form, a plurality of first draft tubes and a plurality of second draft tube stagger mutually in the side.Here, the default spacing of each of a plurality of first and second draft tubes can be chosen as identical or different.And default spacing also can change in identical a plurality of draft tubes.

In another preferred implementing form, between draft tube, arranging radiating fin.These radiating fins are used to improve the heat exchange with surrounding air.Here, as mentioned above, the height of these radiating fins is basically by spacing decision default between each place draft tube.

In a preferred implementing form, the wall thickness of each radiating fin between 0.04 to 0.2mm, preferably 0.05 and 0.12mm between, particularly preferably in 0.06 and 0.1mm between.Fin density is 40 to 90/dm, is preferably 50 to 80/dm, is preferably 60 to 70/dm especially.

In another preferred implementing form, the degree of depth of device be 10mm to 60mm, be preferably 20mm to 50mm, be preferably 25 especially to 45mm.These different degree of depth have different purposes, that is to say, depend on it is to be used for compact car or intermediate car or senior car.

In another preferred implementing form, between the draft tube default spacing be 4mm to 12mm, be preferably 4.5mm to 10mm.These spacings also have different purposes.

In another preferred implementing form, default spacing 5mm to 12mm, preferred spacing 5.5mm to 10mm corresponding to degree of depth 30mm to 50mm, preferably degree of depth 35mm is to 45mm.What relate in this form of implementation is larger-size heat-exchange device, it in particular for but be not limited to air-conditioning equipment in intermediate car or the senior car.Here, selected size can guarantee that basically proportionate relationship is less than 7.

In another preferred implementing form, default spacing 3mm to 10mm, preferred spacing 4mm to 8.5mm corresponding to degree of depth 15mm to 40mm, preferably degree of depth 20mm is to 35mm.These sizes are in particular for the air-conditioning equipment in compact car and the intermediate car.

Under these sizes, proportionate relationship guarantees basically less than 7.Be essentially 7 proportionate relationship here, and also refer to surpass slightly 7 proportionate relationship.

In another preferred implementing form, the width of draft tube be 1mm to 3mm, be preferably 1.5mm to 2mm, be preferably 1.7mm especially to 1.9mm.The wall thickness of draft tube be 0.1mm to 0.6mm, be preferably 0.2mm to 0.4mm, be preferably about 0.3mm especially.By these sizes can realize and surrounding air between good especially heat exchange.

Preferably refer to evaporimeter according to device of the present invention as the part of air conditioning equipment of car kind of refrigeration cycle.

In addition, the present invention relates to a kind of air conditioning equipment of car, it has at least one heat-exchange device of the present invention.

In addition, the invention still further relates to a kind of method of definite heat-exchange device size, wherein, the first step is to determine the first size of device, next step is second size of determining device, determines at least two first target components of device in an ensuing step, next changes at least one size, get two second target components of auto levelizer again by the size that is modified, and select preferable target component by comparing first and second target components at last.

First and second sizes are preferably selected from a packet size, and this packet size comprises the height of the degree of depth, radiating fin, the spacing and the similar size of draft tube.

In addition, size also can the finger amount such as the fin density of every dm and similar amount.

Target component is preferably selected from one group of parameter, and this group parameter comprises the structure space degree of depth, refrigeration work consumption, air wide pre. drop, weight and manufacturing cost.As previously described, can finally calculate effectiveness or the numerical value of heat-exchange device with respect to different cold-producing mediums by these parameters, here, cold-producing medium is R

134a and R744 (CO ₂).Can change the significant dimensions of heat-exchange device by method of the present invention, and can calculate relevant above-mentioned output valve thus, so that adopt the device of these sizes to be issued to satisfied, enough refrigeration work consumptions in the situation of acceptable manufacturing cost and acceptable weight.

In this method, to consider,, also can cause output valve or target component to change a lot even one or another size are carried out very little modification.

Target component is preferably repeatedly calculated under different sizes, and from these so calculate many groups target component select best parameter group.Can carry out point-device analysis to the efficient that will reach or the target component of heat-exchange device by repeatedly measuring and calculating to target component.When the target component group of the best is calculated, preferably each target component criterion according to the rules is weighted.For instance, for the device that is used for senior car, to the weighting of target component weight and manufacturing cost less than the device that is applied on the compact car.

Description of drawings

Other advantage and the form of implementation of device and method of the present invention are seen accompanying drawing.Wherein,

Fig. 1 is the partial top view of device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the side view of the device of the present invention shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of another form of implementation;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of another form of implementation;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of another form of implementation;

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that is used for illustrating the pipe way distance;

Fig. 7 is the chart that is used to illustrate the cooling degree that is reached;

Fig. 8 is the analysis chart of each element;

Fig. 9 a is the cooling power of device of the present invention and the graph of a relation between the weight;

Fig. 9 b is the chart of air wide pre. drop;

Figure 10 be depend on fitting depth power diagram;

Figure 11 is power relevant with fitting depth and the proportionate relationship figure between the weight;

Figure 12 is power relevant with fitting depth and the proportionate relationship figure between the cost;

Figure 13 be with fitting depth and fin height between the relevant power diagram of relation;

Figure 14 be with fitting depth and fin height between the relevant power of relation and the proportionate relationship figure between the weight;

Figure 15 be with fitting depth and fin height between the relevant power of relation and the proportionate relationship figure between the cost.

The specific embodiment

Fig. 1 is the partial top view that is used for heat-exchange device 1 of the present invention.This device has a plurality of first draft tubes 3, a plurality of second draft tube 5.In a preferred form of implementation, cold-producing medium flows in a plurality of first draft tubes 3 along a direction, flow in a plurality of second draft tubes 5 promptly along by diagram plane outside direction, and along another direction, promptly along by the direction that enters into the diagram plane outward.

The case of drawing reference numeral 7 expression draft tubes.Draft tube is preferably divisible into a plurality of casees or passage.

Here, first draft tube 3 and second draft tube 5 are separated from each other by gap 8.Gap 8 is used for thermal insulation, because the temperature of cold-producing medium in

draft tube

3 and 5 can be different, and heat transmission should not taken place between the two.But draft tube also can be arranged continuously along degree of depth T and replace the gap, promptly only be provided with a plurality of flat tubes.In this case, case or passage 7 seal, and promptly cold-producing medium does not flow in this passage.

Drawing reference numeral 4 be meant shown in the vertical view here, be arranged in the fin between draft tube 3 and 5.Size H is meant fin height, and by the decision of the spacing between each

draft tube

3 or 5, saying so is exactly determined by the spacing between the opposed facing side of each

draft tube

3 and 5 basically.

Drawing reference numeral T is meant fitting depth, and as mentioned above, it is the physical dimension of the key of device.Fin 4 extends along whole degree of depth T basically, and is not preferably interrupted by the gap.Foregoing proportionate relationship V depends on fitting depth T and fin height H _RiBetween proportionate relationship.

Fig. 2 is the side view of the heat-exchange device of the part shown in Fig. 1.Here, b refers to the width of each draft tube.Be in the heat-exchange device of cold-producing medium with R134a, the width of pipe is preferably 2.5 to 3mm between 2 to 4mm.

With CO ₂For in the heat-exchange device of cold-producing medium one as above under-width of pipe is preferably 1.2 to 2mm.The overall width of device is 120 to 400mm, is preferably 215 to 350mm, is preferably 250 to 315mm especially.The width that has advantage equally is 120 to 315mm.Height of devices of the present invention is 140 to 300mm, is preferably 200 to 300mm, is preferably 220 to 250mm especially.The height that has advantage equally is 140 to 270mm.In a preferred form of implementation, device is made by aluminium or a kind of material that contains aluminium basically.

Drawing reference numeral A is meant so-called horizontal pitch, i.e. distance between the geometric center of each flow passage component.Under the situation of the width b that also considers each pipe in addition, can obtain fin height H by horizontal pitch A _Ri, promptly fin height is directly related with horizontal pitch.If owing to the reason in

draft tube

3,5 cross sections can't be provided at upward clear and definite, constant fin height or draft tube spacing how much, for example the spacing when the draft tube shown in Fig. 2 is changing on the direction perpendicular to the diagram plane (this situation can appear on the draft tube of profile for circle), and so horizontal pitch can be used as the size of fin height.In this case, according to the proportionate relationship between the spacing of the degree of depth of the present invention and pipe, can replace by the proportionate relationship between the degree of depth and the horizontal pitch.

It among Fig. 3 another form of implementation of device of the present invention.Here, drawing

reference numeral

3 and 5 refers to each draft tube in the vertical view respectively.Different with the form of implementation shown in Fig. 1 is that draft tube 3 and draft tube 5 here stagger mutually along the side.This means, can be respectively the spacing that draft tube 3 and draft tube 5 are determined between the draft tube.In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the spacing H between the spacing Hri of draft tube 3 and the draft tube 5 _RiIdentical.

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of another form of implementation of device of the present invention.Here, the spacing H between the draft tube 3 _RiGreater than the spacing H between the draft tube 5 _Ri2Wherein, selecting two spacing H _Ri1Or H _Ri2In at least one the time one here be spacing H at least _Ri1, preferably make degree of depth T and spacing H _Ri1Between proportionate relationship less than 7.But also can when selecting two spacings, make corresponding proportionate relationship all less than 7.

It among Fig. 5 another form of implementation of device of the present invention.In this form of implementation, the spacing between each draft tube only changes in draft tube 3.But also can be, the spacing between each draft tube only changes in draft tube 5, perhaps both also changes in draft tube 5 in draft tube 3.In this form of implementation, also spacing H must be guaranteed _RiIn at least one satisfy following requirement, promptly the proportionate relationship between the degree of depth and this spacing is less than 7.

Also can between each pipe, be provided with other different spacing or be provided with a plurality of different spacings, for example spacing H _Ri1, H _Ri2, H _Ri3Deng.In any case must guarantee spacing H _RiIn one satisfy above-mentioned less than 7 proportionate relationship.

Fig. 6 is used for illustrating spacing H _RiThe schematic diagram of definition.Draft tube in Fig. 3 to 5 has straight side respectively, and they can directly determine spacing simultaneously, and draft tube has oval-shaped cross section in form of implementation shown in Figure 6.In this case, the spacing between the draft tube is defined as two respectively and the spacing between the tangent tangent line T of draft tube 3.

The spacing of pipe can not determined by the spacing of opposed facing side yet, but is determined that by the spacing between the geometric center lines of each pipe this is called as horizontal pitch in front but as previously mentioned.As previously mentioned, this at first be suitable for draft tube have with here shown in different geometries, for example spill or convex.

It in the chart among Fig. 7 simulation to the cooling curve of senior car.Draw the comparable cooling curve (here by

curve

11 and 12 expressions) of refrigerant R134a and the comparable cooling curve (here by

curve

14 and 15 expressions) of R744 respectively at idling one operating point here.

Variations in temperature in upper curve 12 and the 14 expression compartments, the variations in temperature of

lower curve

11 and 15 expression evaporimeters itself.

In addition, simulation is a starting point with following situation, and promptly the fitting depth of R134a evaporimeter is 65mm, and the fitting depth of R744 evaporimeter has then lacked 25mm, that is to say that fitting depth is 40mm.

Ordinate is the time, and unit is minute, and abscissa is a temperature, and unit is degree centigrade.Simulation is divided into some time section I to IV, and wherein, travelling among the time period I is the 3rd gear, speed is 32km/h, and travelling among the time period II is the 4th gear, and speed is 64km/h, travel for idling among the time period III, travelling among the time period IV is the 2nd gear, and speed is 64km/h.

As seen from the figure, when the 3rd gear (I), the cooling raio R134a evaporimeter that the R744 evaporimeter is reached is rapider evenly.To the IV zone, each evaporimeter reaches identical value basically respectively at II.

It in Fig. 8 the comparison of multi-form evaporimeter at the power of a typical operating point.When defining this operating point, make comparison can not be subjected to the influence of kind of refrigeration cycle here.

It is to be noted that method described below or the result who is obtained are equally applicable to R134a evaporimeter and R744 (CO ₂) improvement of evaporimeter.

In the chart shown here, be that starting point: throughput GLV is 8kg/min with following condition, LVe=40 ℃ of airflow inlet temperature t, relative humidity Be 40%.

In chart, rhombus is expressed as cold-producing medium R744 (CO ₂) measured value; Ellipse is expressed as the measured value of R134a.

For being the evaporimeter of cold-producing medium with R744, fin density is 70/dm, and for being the evaporimeter of cold-producing medium with R134a, fin density is 60/dm.

Ordinate is a fitting depth, and unit is mm, and abscissa is a general power, and unit is kW.Every pair of value being inserted or to put 31 to 39 be temperature T, fin height H _Ri, fin density z _RiAnd the function of so-called horizontal pitch sq.Horizontal pitch is meant the spacing between the center of each draft tube.Here, by every pair of value or put 31 to 39 and form a scope, it has contained the power level of kind of refrigeration cycle of the automobile of different brackets.Top curve 22 is corresponding to senior car or lorry, and following limit curve 23 has shown the power demand of compact car.

For fitting depth,, insert the value relevant with cold-producing medium R744 promptly from measurement point 31 to 35 less than 40mm.For the zone of fitting depth ∑ 40mm, insert the value relevant with refrigerant R134a.As mentioned above, for measurement point 31 to 35, select system-70/dm of fin density, and, select unified 60/dm of fin density for measurement point 36 to 39.

For

measurement point

31 and 32, horizontal pitch is less, and for measurement point 33 to 35, horizontal pitch is bigger.What obtained by less horizontal pitch is same less fin height, and this is by line 28 expressions.Equally, what obtained by bigger horizontal pitch is bigger fin height, and this is by line 27 expressions.

For

measurement point

36 and 37, selected horizontal pitch is less, thereby makes fin height H _RiAlso less, shown in line 25.For

measurement point

38 and 39, selected horizontal pitch is bigger, thereby makes fin height also bigger, shown in line 26.

From chart, as can be seen, using under the situation of R744, and under the situation about being remained unchanged by the power level that coordinate is represented, fitting depth obviously diminishes.In other words, fitting depth T and fin height H _RiCorrespondence or proportionate relationship be offset.

Under the situation of using R134a, the pairing fin height of the degree of depth of 65mm is 7 to 10mm, the pairing fin height of the degree of depth of 40mm is 4 to 6mm, and under the situation of using R744, the pairing fin height of the degree of depth of 40mm is 7 to 10mm, and the pairing fin height of the degree of depth of 27mm is 5 to 8mm.

In the former structure type, for cold-producing medium R744, employing be corresponding relation or the size of R134a.Compare with R134a, this causes performance number obviously to improve, but has but increased weight and cost, this be since when using R744 desired pressure obviously higher due to.The performance number that obviously increases is here by for example putting 41 and 42 expressions.Exceed above 15% than desired peak power by

point

41 and 42 represented power.

Show thus, opposite with the idea of industry, when determining size, also can reduce cost, reduce the change of weight, can not damage cooling power again simultaneously.

The potential of R744 obviously higher reason is that in the R744 circulation, because the special high conveying capacity of R744 compressor, pressure drop can realize quickly in low-pressure section.This has just realized higher dynamic property, and is forming the temperature difference higher, that play the driving effect on the evaporimeter between air and cold-producing medium.

The pressure drop of refrigerant side is in comparable quantity grade in the evaporimeter, and wherein, when using R134a, the pressure drop of 1bar causes the variations in temperature of about 9K, then has only 1K when using R744.Usually in the length of flow scope in evaporimeter, this can make and form obviously higher, as to play the driving effect temperature difference (the R744 evaporimeter generally has obviously lower surface temperature) between air and the cold-producing medium.

As previously described, cost/optimal utility value is the functional value of fitting depth, cooling power, air wide pre. drop, weight and cost equivalence.Here, as previously mentioned, degree of depth T, fin height Hri and tube pitch or be variable by other numerical value such as horizontal pitch that numerical value is derived.

According to consideration and research so far, the fitting depth of 65mm is too big for existing power level; According to assessment, preferable design is 55mm, and it also can reach the power level of the 65mm degree of depth.Certainly, a kind of like this form of implementation also may cause cost to rise, and influences the pressure drop of air side.Aspect power, be 40mm for the preferable degree of depth of refrigerant R134a; But can have shortcoming aspect the pressure drop of cost and air side in this case.Above-mentioned consideration shows that when the evaporimeter that will make was passed judgment on and analyzed, the relation between the each side was interlaced, extremely complicated.

For the evaporimeter that uses cold-producing medium R744, particularly suitable constructional depth is between 25 to 45mm.

Caption among Fig. 9 several advantages of the present invention.Wherein, in indicating the subgraph table of Fig. 9 a, the weight of evaporimeter and the relation between the accessible refrigerating capacity have been shown.Physical boundary conditions such as throughput GLV illustrate as the condition on basis identical in to Fig. 8 with those.Equally, the size of evaporimeter is also identical.

As relate to shown in the

measurement point

44 and 45 of compact car and intermediate car, can reach comparable refrigerating capacity by the cooperation of physical dimension, wherein, measurement point 44 is to be used for cold-producing medium R744, measurement point 45 is used for refrigerant R134a.For measurement point 45, be fin density based on average fitting depth and 60/dm.Then select for use less than point 45 the degree of depth, less horizontal pitch and bigger fin density for measurement point 44.

And two

measurement points

46 and 47 that relate to the device on the senior car show, under the identical situation of refrigerating capacity, the weight of R744 evaporimeter is obviously less.For measurement point 46, selected is bigger fitting depth T, default fin density and bigger horizontal pitch s _qAt measurement point 47 places, the degree of depth T of R744 evaporimeter ratio point 46 is little, and fin density is identical with point 46, and horizontal pitch is also correspondingly identical.Thereby because fitting depth is less, under the identical situation of horizontal pitch, weight obviously alleviates, even and the R134a evaporimeter identical with power compare, on weight, also have advantage.Because fitting depth reduces, material expends also corresponding minimizing, thereby has reduced cost.

In addition, for the evaporimeter in the senior car, fitting depth can reduce to 45mm from 65, for compact car, then can reduce to 25mm from 40.This also can bring additional advantage, and promptly occupation space is less in automobile.

Shown in the chart among Fig. 9 b, also can reduce at the air wide pre. drop shown in the coordinate.Square 51 to 53 is relevant with cold-producing medium 134a, and square 54 to 55 is relevant with cold-producing medium R744.As can be seen from the figure, when using R744, the pressure drop of air side has reduced about 50% significantly.This has improved and has been used for the air capacity that automobile air is regulated, and has reduced the power consumption in the air blast, and for the noise level that reduces air-conditioning equipment provides may.

In Figure 10, the performance number of each evaporimeter is packed in the ordinate, and fitting depth is then as abscissa.Here, no matter be CO ₂Evaporimeter still is the R134a evaporimeter, and every evaporimeter with identical fin height is in respectively on the straight line.Drawing reference numeral 63 identifies the straight line corresponding to higher fin height, the fin height here is called as first fin height hereinafter, drawing reference numeral 62 identifies the straight line of corresponding lower second fin height (being called as second fin height hereinafter), and drawing reference numeral 61 identifies the straight line of correspondence less than the fin height (being called as the 3rd fin height hereinafter) of second fin height.

As shown in figure 10, each bar straight line 61 to 63 has the ascendant trend of phase pairing approximation, infers that thus power and fitting depth interdepend on ratio under the identical situation of version or fin height.In addition as can be seen, the evaporimeter that fin height is less, though measure-alike, because the heat transfer surface increase, thereby have higher power.

Shadow region 60 and 70 formed require or the border of significant performance number.The boundary value of power is to obtain by the simulation to the cooling of automobile bodies.In upper area 60, the continuation of power is risen and is not brought more advantage, and the cooling in compartment then is unacceptable under the situation of the lower border value in being lower than zone 70.Drawing reference numeral 65 to 68 is meant the measured value that is positioned at desired power bracket.The device of their expression different structure forms.

Drawing reference numeral 67 refers to the R134a evaporimeter that fitting depth is big and have described first fin height.Drawing reference numeral 65 is meant the R134a evaporimeter that fitting depth is less and have described the 3rd fin height.

Drawing reference numeral 66 is meant the R134a evaporimeter with second fin height and average fitting depth.

Drawing reference numeral 68 is meant the R134a evaporimeter with first fin height and average fitting depth.Drawing reference numeral 71 to 74 is meant the measured value of this evaporimeter, and these values are not among the admissible scope 75 of zone between 60 and 70.Wherein, drawing reference numeral 71 is meant the evaporimeter that fitting depth is less and have first fin height, drawing reference numeral 72 is meant to have the 3rd fin height and the very little R744 evaporimeter of fitting depth, and drawing reference numeral 73 is meant the CO that fitting depth is less and have the 3rd fin height ₂Evaporimeter, drawing reference numeral 74 are meant the CO that fitting depth is big and have first fin height ₂Evaporimeter.

As seen from the figure, under given fitting depth and fin height, CO ₂The performance number of evaporimeter is apparently higher than the R134a evaporimeter.Equally as shown in figure 10, for example less and CO with second fin height by the fitting depth shown in the straight line 76 ₂Evaporimeter has advantage on using.The scope at the size place that oval 140,141 expressions are preferable.

In Figure 11 the power relevant and the proportionate relationship of weight with fitting depth.Here, related amount such as power/weight is weighting assessment once more each other, with the different meanings of each amount of correct evaluation.In an advantageous variant of this method, power and cost are taken as equal amount, and weight and fin height then play a part less important.

The weighting assessment is respectively such in the chart shown in Figure 11 to 15: the proportionate relationship of power and cost is 50: 50, and the proportionate relationship of power and weight is 80: 20, and the proportionate relationship of fitting depth and fin height is 70: 30.Triangle refers to CO ₂Evaporimeter, and circle is meant the R134a evaporimeter.After power/the part by weight relation was filled in the coordinate, the proportionate relationship that higher value promptly moves along power direction was considered to better.

This shows that for the R134a evaporimeter, the evaporimeter 81 with average fitting depth and described second fin height is good, the evaporimeter 83 with less fitting depth and described the 3rd fin height also is good.

Though having the evaporimeter 84 of first fin height also is being good aspect the proportionate relationship of power and weight, its absolute power but is unacceptable for the cooling of compact car.Can consider such evaporimeter is used for rear portion equipment.Evaporimeter with second fin height can be used as substitute equally and is used for compact car and/or intermediate car.

For cold-producing medium CO ₂, the evaporimeter 86 that preferably degree of depth is little and fin height is big and 87 and the degree of depth is little and evaporimeter 88 with the 3rd fin height.Though the evaporimeter 89 that the degree of depth is little also is good comparatively speaking, is in limiting value aspect power.

And evaporimeter 91 is directly compared with the evaporimeter with second fin height, then has significant disadvantages.In addition, this this evaporimeter has exceeded present desired power upper limit.

The evaporimeter that label 92 is indicated because the arranging density of pipe and fin is big, and has caused the bad power and the proportionate relationship of weight under the very low situation of power.

Label

95 and 96 is meant the Trendline of being determined by measured value.Can determine or estimate by Trendline adopt which evaporator size can reach preferable design, preferable as shown here power/part by weight relation.

With regard to difference, Trendline 95 is meant CO ₂Evaporimeter, Trendline 96 is meant the R134a evaporimeter.

Figure 12 has shown power relevant with fitting depth and the proportionate relationship between the manufacturing cost.Here, the proportionate relationship of power and cost also is to be evaluated as the basis with foregoing proportionate relationship or weighting.

As can be seen, in the R134a evaporimeter of being represented by circle, the evaporimeter 101 with average fitting depth and first fin height has best power/cost proportionate relationship.But the power output of this evaporimeter is low, thereby does not pay attention to when formulating Trendline 115.

As before, be used for the Trendline 115 of R134a evaporimeter and be used for CO ₂The Trendline 116 of evaporimeter shows respectively can obtain particularly advantageous result for evaporimeter on which physical dimension.Though it is obviously not good to have the evaporimeter 102 of the 3rd fin height, when comparing with evaporimeter 104 to 106, must consider the advantage that its fitting depth that has is little.

Investigating the CO that represents by circle ₂During evaporimeter, it is found that the

evaporimeter

107 and 108 with first fin height or smaller fin height has good power/cost proportionate relationship, the evaporimeter 110 with first fin height also has good power/cost proportionate relationship.

As requested, the evaporimeter 111 with the 3rd fin height is because arranging density is high and slightly weaker, and this shows as the negative effect of cost aspect.And the evaporimeter with second fin height is in the evaporimeter with the 3rd fin height according to logic and has between the evaporimeter of first fin height, can be used as preferable substitute products.

And for evaporimeter 112 with big fitting depth and the 3rd fin height and the evaporimeter 113 with less fitting depth, the aforementioned proportion relation is also more unfavorable.

On previous evaporimeter, because less fin height (or high arranging density), and make cost become very high, and on a back evaporimeter, though cost is not high, power is lower.Though evaporimeter 114 is identical with evaporimeter 93 among Figure 11, is in above-mentioned reason and does not also consider.

In general, CO ₂The level of evaporimeter will be lower than the evaporimeter of R134a structure.Can see that here it has certain defective on cost, this is (to use CO because of being in intensity or security reason ₂Situation under, operating pressure is apparently higher than cold-producing medium) and adopted stable better structure, thereby weight is strengthened.

Chart among chart shown in Figure 13 to 15 and Figure 10 to 12 is interrelated.But in the chart in Figure 13 to 15, the weighting proportionate relationship V ' between the amount " fitting depth " on ordinate or the abscissa of being filled into adds behind the 10mm by fitting depth and fin height replaces.

Find out by the formed coordinate system of weighting proportionate relationship V ' between the power of each evaporimeter shown in Figure 13 and fitting depth and the fin height, use evaporimeter (R134a or the CO of identical cold-producing medium ₂) be not subjected to the influence of fin height basically now and be on the constant straight line.This has illustrated the weighting between selected fitting depth and the fin height, and it shows 10mm is added on the fin height.Here, people can see CO again ₂Evaporimeter is compared with the R134a with identical fitting depth has advantage on power.Each value here also is measured value as before, or by simulating the value that is obtained, the affirmation that these values obtain measuring.

Compare with absolute fitting depth (seeing Figure 11), from Figure 14,, obtained and top essentially identical conclusion by the power relevant with through the fin height of weighting and the chart that the proportionate relationship between the fitting depth forms with weight.In addition, it is maximum that the power that the R744 evaporimeter of being studied here is relevant with weight reaches between V '=1.3 and V '=2.8, and occur descending outside this scope.From V '=1.5 appearance value preferable to evaporimeter, and from V '=1.85 appearance value better to evaporimeter.Weighting proportionate relationship V ' with evaporimeter of the peak power relevant with weight is 2.2 or 2.4.The maximum that Trendline showed is about V '=2.1.

Similarly, in the chart shown in Figure 15, power/cost proportionate relationship is filled out on relevant fitting depth (seeing Figure 12 and 15).Here, preferential situation does not change yet.When weighting proportionate relationship V ' less than about 2.6 the time, the power relevant with cost of R744 evaporimeter surpasses the R134a evaporimeter.

We find, by method of the present invention, according to default size or parameter for example fitting depth and fin height, can determine different target components such as cost, power and weight, and can calculate mutually by different weightings, these variablees are presented as best form of implementation on final effect.Like this, according to method of the present invention,, obtain R134a and CO with effective and efficient manner by using the different method of inserting (also comprising weighting on the part) ₂The optimum size of evaporimeter.Can under the situation of considering every index such as weight, power etc., select best size by this way for each evaporimeter.

Can be preferably development sequence of this method, make user's input pointer arbitrarily, import target component arbitrarily, to satisfy the requirement that automobile air is for example regulated.When writing this program, utilize or in conjunction with by measuring and/or a large amount of experiences that thermodynamic study obtained.

Therefore, the present invention also relates to a kind of software, it is applied method of the present invention under the support of measuring and calculating machine.

For CO ₂Evaporimeter,, preferably fitting depth is 20 to 45mm, fin height is that 4.0mm is to 10.0mm.

Particularly when being used for senior car, preferably fitting depth is 35 to 45mm, and fin height is 5.5 to 10mm, and when being used for compact car and intermediate car, preferably fitting depth is 20 to 35mm, and fin height is 4 to 8.5mm.

Claims

1. the heat-exchange device that is used for the air-conditioning equipment of automobile, comprise a plurality of draft tubes that are used to carry fluid, wherein, this device has the default degree of depth (T), and the draft tube of predetermined number (3,5) the default spacing of being separated by each other on part at least is used to arrange radiating fin; It is characterized in that the proportionate relationship between the degree of depth and the default spacing is less than 7, and/or the degree of depth and default spacing add behind the 10mm and between the weighting proportionate relationship greater than 1.3 and less than 2.8.

2. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that default spacing is less than or equal to 9mm.

3. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that default spacing is less than or equal to 8mm.

4. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that default spacing is less than or equal to 6mm.

5. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described proportionate relationship is less than 6.8.

6. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described proportionate relationship is less than 6.6.

7. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described proportionate relationship is less than 6.3.

8. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described proportionate relationship is less than 6.1.

9. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described proportionate relationship is less than 5.9.

10. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described proportionate relationship is less than 5.1.

11. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described weighting proportionate relationship is at least 1.5.

12. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described weighting proportionate relationship is at least 1.85.

13. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described weighting proportionate relationship is at least 2.2.

14. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described weighting proportionate relationship is up to 2.6.

15. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described weighting proportionate relationship is up to 2.4.

16. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described weighting proportionate relationship is up to 2.25.

17. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that draft tube is parallel to each other at least in part.

18. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, has the constant first default spacing between the draft tube.

19. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, draft tube has the cross section of flat tubulose.

20. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, draft tube integral body is made.

21. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, draft tube is made up of sheet material or extrudate.

22. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the fracture pressure of draft tube surpasses 90bar.

23. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, fluid is R744.

24. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, a plurality of first draft tubes (3) have the first default spacing each other at least on part, a plurality of second draft tubes (5) have the second default spacing each other, and the proportionate relationship of the degree of depth and at least one default spacing (V) is less than 7.

25. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, a plurality of first draft tubes (3) stagger in the side mutually with a plurality of second draft tubes (5).

26. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is arranging radiating fin (4) between draft tube.

27. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the degree of depth of device is that 10mm is to 60mm.

28. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the degree of depth of device is that 20mm is to 50mm.

29. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the degree of depth of device is that 25mm is to 45mm.

30. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the default spacing on the device is that 4mm is to 12mm.

31. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the default spacing on the device is that 4.5mm is to 10mm.

32. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, default spacing 5mm to 12mm corresponding to degree of depth 30mm to 50mm.

33. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, default spacing 5.5mm to 10mm corresponding to degree of depth 35mm to 45mm.

34. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, default spacing 3mm to 10mm corresponding to degree of depth 20mm to 35mm.

35. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, default spacing 4mm to 8mm corresponding to degree of depth 25mm to 30mm.

36. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the width of draft tube is that 1mm is to 3mm.

37. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the width of draft tube is that 1.3mm is to 2mm.

38. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the width of draft tube is that 1.4mm is to 1.9mm.

39. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the wall thickness of draft tube is that 0.1mm is to 0.6mm.

40. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the wall thickness of draft tube is that 0.2mm is to 0.4mm.

41. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the wall thickness of draft tube is that 0.25mm is to 0.3mm.

42. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this device is an evaporimeter.

43. be used for the air-conditioning equipment of automobile, it is characterized in that it has at least one according to each described heat-exchange device in the claim 1 to 42.