CN101052670B - 适合用于透明叠层材料的热塑性树脂组合物 - Google Patents

适合用于透明叠层材料的热塑性树脂组合物 Download PDF

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CN101052670B
CN101052670B CN2005800376235A CN200580037623A CN101052670B CN 101052670 B CN101052670 B CN 101052670B CN 2005800376235 A CN2005800376235 A CN 2005800376235A CN 200580037623 A CN200580037623 A CN 200580037623A CN 101052670 B CN101052670 B CN 101052670B
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interlayer
resin
laminated material
weight
glass
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S·J·本尼森
S·L·萨米尔斯
J·W·保罗
S·C·佩塞克
C·A·史密斯
J·C·安德森
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Dow Chemical Co
Dow Global Technologies LLC
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
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    • B32B17/10807Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
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    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
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Abstract

本发明是一种改进的聚合物树脂组合物,其包括或基本上由约70重量%~79重量%的衍生自乙烯的单元和约21重量%~约30重量%的衍生自具有3~8个碳原子的α,β-不饱和羧酸的单元组成。本发明的树脂尤其适合于制备用作玻璃窗元件的透明叠层材料,其提供比非叠层玻璃窗元件更大的安全度。本发明的叠层材料具有3%或以下的浊度,未添加胺。

Description

适合用于透明叠层材料的热塑性树脂组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及透明叠层制品。更具体地说,本发明涉及适合用作透明叠层制品中的中间层的树脂组合物。
背景技术
玻璃叠层产品已贡献于社会差不多一个世纪了。除了公知的、用于挡风玻璃的日常安全玻璃外,玻璃叠层材料用于几乎所有形式的运输工业。它们用作火车、飞机、船和几乎每种其它运输模式的窗。安全玻璃的特征在于高冲击和穿透阻力,而且当破碎时不散布玻璃碎片和碎屑。玻璃叠层材料还在建筑应用中具有广泛的应用。
安全玻璃典型地由两层与聚合物膜或片夹层结合在一起的玻璃片或板的层状结构组成,所述夹层放置在所述两层玻璃片之间。一层或两层玻璃片可以用光学透明的刚性聚合物片例如聚碳酸酯片取代。安全玻璃已进一步发展为包括多层与聚合物膜或片夹层结合在一起的玻璃和/聚合物片。
夹层通常用相对较厚的、在破裂或破碎的情况下显示出韧性并且粘附在玻璃上的聚合物膜或片制成。经过数年,已开发出了多种多样的聚合物夹层,以生产叠层产品。通常,希望这些聚合物夹层具有可接受水平的:光学澄清度(浊度小于4%)、抗冲击性,穿透阻力、耐紫外光性、长期热稳定性、对玻璃和/或其它刚性聚合物片的粘附力、紫外光透过率、吸湿性、抗湿性、长期耐气候性等其它特性。广泛使用的夹层材料包括包含聚合物的复合多组分组合物,所述聚合物如:聚乙烯丁缩醛(PVB);聚氨酯(PU);聚氯乙烯(PVC);金属茂催化的线型低密度聚乙烯;醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA);乙烯-酸共聚物离聚物;聚脂肪酸聚酰胺;聚酯树脂如聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯);硅氧烷弹性体;环氧树脂;弹性体聚碳酸酯;等等。酸共聚物已更加广泛地用于制造透明叠层材料。
美国专利No.3,344,014公开了具有乙烯共聚物离聚物夹层的叠层玻璃产品。美国专利No.3,404,134公开了一种离子交联某些含有羧酸的共聚物的方法。美国专利No.4,663,228和美国专利No.4,668,574均公开了一种包括水溶性离聚物树脂膜的透明叠层物品,所述水溶性离聚物树脂膜包含从乙烯和甲基丙烯酸单体制备的离聚物树脂的金属盐。美国专利No.5,344,513公开了一种制备包括乙烯共聚物离聚物夹层的叠层透明基体的方法。美国专利No.5,759,698公开了包括夹层的叠层玻璃,所述夹层包括带有金属离子的乙烯甲基丙烯酸共聚物的离聚物树脂,该树脂已与有机过氧化物和硅氧烷偶合剂热固。美国专利No.5,763,062公开了一种包括具有约17~40重量%的羧酸含量的挤出的离聚物树脂膜或片的透明物品,所述离聚物树脂基本不含胺。美国专利No.5,895,721和美国专利No.6,238,801均公开了一种窗玻璃,其包括通过使用金属螯合物而使粘附力得以改善的离聚物树脂。美国专利No.6,150,028公开了包括离聚物树脂夹层和具有阳光控制特性的玻璃的玻璃叠层材料。美国专利No.6,432,522公开了包括包含乙烯甲基丙烯酸共聚物的夹层的光学透明玻璃窗,所述共聚物包括15~17重量%的酸并且部分地周钠中和。美国专利申请No.2002/0155302公开了一种制备包括夹层的透明叠层物品的方法,所述夹层包括用碱化作用部分中和的、烯烃与13~21重量%的甲基丙烯酸或丙烯酸单体的共聚物。美国专利申请No.2003/0044579公开了一种制备包括夹层的透明叠层物品的方法,所述夹层包括用碱化作用部分中和的、烯烃与13~22重量%的甲基丙烯酸或丙烯酸单体的共聚物。WO 99/58334公开了包括乙烯与甲基丙烯酸或丙烯酸的聚合物的透明叠层材料,所述聚合物含有约14~24重量%的酸并且约10~80%的酸被用金属离子中和。WO 00/64670公开了包括乙烯与甲基丙烯酸或丙烯酸的聚合物的透明叠层材料,所述聚合物含有约14~24重量%的酸并且约10~80%的酸被用金属离子中和。WO 2004/011755公开了包括乙烯与甲基丙烯酸或丙烯酸的聚合物的透明叠层材料,所述聚合物含有约14~28重量%的酸并且约20~60%的酸被用金属离子中和。
然而,产品市场的发展要求夹层对叠层材料中的玻璃或刚性材料的粘附力更大。常规教导建议,增加酸聚合物夹层的粘附力的一种方法是增加聚合物树脂的酸含量。然而,这种方法存在诸多问题。一个问题是,酸含量大于20重量%的高酸树脂在市场上是得不到的。此外,一些具有高酸含量的共聚物树脂会具有增大的自粘附的趋势,这是已知的。这会使高酸树脂的制造和加工变得困难,或者至少使成本更高,因为必须采取措施以避免因自粘附而造成产品损失。例如,会希望在冷冻容器中贮存高速树脂-或者使用滑爽剂或抗阻塞剂。
使用比市场上可获得的树脂的酸含量更高的酸树脂的另一个问题是,随着粘附性的增强,叠层材料的冲击韧性会变差,这是公知的。因此,迄今为止已将粘附力控制在冲击性能可接受的水平。即,为了获得商业上可行的产品,已使粘附力与冲击韧性之间到达平衡。这一般通过在一些夹层材料中使用粘附力控制添加剂或通过提高酸共聚物中的中和水平来实现。另外,控制酸共聚物中的中和水平也会引起其它性能的变化。由于在增加夹层的酸含量时叠层材料的冲击韧性的预期降低和可能造成的其它变化,用常规方式因此不容易处理增大粘附力的需求。
此外,已变得更加希望,改善一些常规聚合物夹层的韧性,使之比目前商业上可得到的树脂的更好。本技术领域的普通技术人员容易地认识到,改变用于制备透明叠层材料的夹层的树脂的内在性能可影响由其生产的树脂和夹层的其它性能。大家承认这样的事实:酸水平、中和水平或其它内在特性的改变并不是简单明了的。
但是,更加成问题的是商业上可获得的酸共聚物树脂需要快速冷却以便提供具有理想光学澄清度的叠层材料,并因此用作透明叠层物品。包括常规酸聚合物离子塑料树脂的叠层材料的推荐冷却速率是至少5°F/min(2.78℃/min)或更大。换言之,例如,推荐应在约35分钟内将使用常规条件和常规离子速率树脂作为夹层材料制备的叠层材料从275°F(135℃)的高压釜温度冷却到104°F(40℃)的温度。然而,在实际应用的意义上,这不是要满足的不重要的工艺条件,因为制造过程典型地是在比理想条件差的条件下进行的。这可能会成为问题,因为当增大冷却速率时包括常规离子塑料夹层的叠层材料显示出浊度增大的趋势。设备和加工条件的差异会引起产品质量的变化,即使在相同的设施内实施。离子塑料夹层的光学澄清度对冷却速率的敏感性可能是透明叠层材料制造中的问题。
为了增加对刚性基体的粘附力尤其是对玻璃的粘附力,希望获得改进的树脂组合物。更希望获得这样的树脂以提供具有至少相同或优选改善的抗冲击性和韧性的叠层材料。此外,还希望制备这样的树脂,其中由该树脂制备的夹层片具有相对于常规夹层改善的韧性。而且,还希望获得叠层材料的所有这些性能,所述叠层材料当被设计用在需要光学澄清度的地方时可提供良好的光学澄清度。
发明内容
在一方面,本发明是一种适用于制造透明叠层制品的乙烯-酸共聚物树脂组合物,其中:(i)所述组合物基本上由约70~约79重量%的乙烯和约21~约30重量%的选自具有3~8个碳原子的α,β-不饱和酸的羧酸单体组成,其中至少约20%~约35%的酸基团是被中和的;且(ii)所述树脂在中和之前具有约60g/10min或以下的熔体指数。
在另一方面,本发明是一种从树脂组合物获得的透明夹层,所述树脂组合物基本上由约70~约79重量%的乙烯和约21~约30重量%的选自具有3~8个碳原子的α,β-不饱和酸的羧酸单体组成,其中至少约20%~约35%的酸基团是被中和的;且(ii)所述树脂在中和之前具有约60g/10min或以下的熔体指数。
在另一方面,本发明是一种包括至少一个透明夹层的叠层制品,其中所述夹层从树脂组合物获得,所述树脂组合物基本上由约70~约79重量%的乙烯和约21~约30重量%的选自具有3~8个碳原子的α,β-不饱和酸的羧酸单体组成,其中至少约20%~约35%的酸基团是被中和的;且(ii)所述树脂在中和之前具有约60g/10min或以下的熔体指数,且其中所述叠层材料具有约3%或以下的浊度。
在又一方面,本发明是一种用于制备具有约3%或以下浊度、包括夹层的透明叠层制品的方法,所述方法包括步骤:(a)在约175℃~约250℃挤出,从热塑性树脂获得夹层薄片,其中:(i)所述树脂基本上由约70~约79重量%的乙烯和约21~约30重量%的选自具有3~8个碳原子的α,β-不饱和酸的羧酸单体组成,其中至少约20%~约35%的酸基团是被中和的;且(ii)所述树脂在中和之前具有约60g/10min或以下的熔体指数;(b)从该夹层通过(1)将该夹层与至少一个其它层压层装配在一起以形成层压前的组件、(2)将该层压前组件加热到至少约120℃的温度并向该组件施加一段时间的压力或真空和(3)冷却该叠层材料以获得透明叠层材料来制造叠层材料。
具体实施方式
在一个实施方案中,本发明是一种改善的离子塑料(ionoplast)树脂组合物,其尤其适用于制造透明叠层材料。本发明的离子塑料树脂是一种基本上由约21重量%~约30重量%的具有3~8个碳原子的α,β-不饱和羧酸组成的乙烯-酸共聚物树脂。对于本发明,应理解,本发明的共聚物中的最终酸水平的控制并不是精确的,因此最终产品中的酸范围可以在公开范围±1重量%的范围内变化,而不背离本发明的预定范围。
根据实施特性、生产能力或希望的工艺参数,可以优选各种酸水平。例如,在一些情况下可以优选约21重量%(即21±1重量%)的酸水平,在其它情况下可以优选具有约22±1重量%的酸水平。
所述改善包括一种树脂,该树脂由于增加的酸水平而提供对玻璃提高的粘附力,但是并不减低叠层材料的韧性和抗冲击性。所述离子塑料树脂至少是部分中和的,并且作为包括金属离子的部分盐(partialsalt)存在,所述金属离子选自碱金属离子和碱土金属离子以及过渡金属离子。本发明的离子塑料树脂的约10%~约90%的羧酸基团被中和。优选,本发明的离子塑料树脂为约15%~约45%中和的,并且更优选约20%~约35%中和的。更加优选,所述树脂是约25%~约35%中和的。
本发明的树脂,当用于制备本发明的叠层材料时,显示出相对于对如在此所描述的在夹层中包括较高酸含量的叠层材料所预期的改进的韧性。不墨守理论,相信本发明中改善的韧性是通过制备在其被中和之前具有较低熔体指数(MI)的乙烯共聚物基础树脂获得的。当在190℃测定时,本发明的基础树脂具有小于60g/10min的MI,并且优选小于55g/10min。更优选MI小于50g/10min。更加优选MI小于35g/10min。中和后,MI会小于2.5g/10min,并有可能小于1.5g/10min。
为了有助于贮存、加工或操作,本发明的离聚物也可以包括防止阻塞的试剂。虽然抗阻塞剂或加工助剂的使用在本发明的实施中是任选的,但是为优选的。可以使用常规的抗阻塞剂,本技术领域中的普通技术人员可以确定这样的试剂是否为需要的。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是从本发明的树脂获得的薄片或薄膜。例如,可以通过使用常规手段挤出本发明的树脂来获得本发明的薄片或薄膜。可以使用挤出来提供厚度范围约0.38~约2.60mm的薄片。为了从本发明的树脂获得薄膜,可以使用常规方法例如从熔融树脂浇铸或吹膜。对于与本发明的实施息息相关的叠层材料,优选挤出夹层薄片。本发明的夹层的挤出可以在约175℃~约250℃范围的温度进行。可以在没有表面图案的情况下挤出本发明的夹层薄片,但是优选本发明的夹层具有表面图案,以在制造叠层材料时利于从叠层材料的界面空间中去除空气或气态蒸气的工艺。可以通过公知的熔体破坏技术或者通过使用压花工具来施加表面图案。包括表面图案的夹层的光学澄清度相对于最终从该夹层获得的透明叠层材料差。层压过程使夹层恢复光学澄清度。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是从包括本发明的树脂的挤出薄片制备的叠层。在玻璃层压技术领域中,对玻璃的粘附力增加会导致叠层的抗冲击性减小是公知的。本发明的树脂不但具有提高的粘附力而且具有提高的抗冲击性,这是由于改进的树脂的熔体指数比常规树脂的低。当通过双悬臂梁式(Double-Cantilever Beam)(DCB)测试法测定时,本发明的树脂对玻璃的粘附力大于200J/m2,而使用本发明的树脂获得的叠层仍然表现出大于约300kJ/m2的冲击韧性。优选地,DCB粘附强度在约200~约1200J/m2的范围内。本发明叠层的剥离强度大于约6磅/英寸~约20磅/英寸。
找到包括离子塑料树脂的玻璃叠层的制造中的粘附力和冲击韧性之间的适当平衡是本发明的目标。叠层的韧性可以通过测量冲击韧性尤其是冲击穿透度来测定。本发明的叠层一般提供比常规叠层大的抗穿刺性。
可以根据公知和常规方法将本发明的夹层层压到玻璃或其它透明材料上。例如,可以将本发明的夹层与至少一种其它叠层结构材料例如玻璃组配在一起,并在温度高于该夹层的软化点的高压釜中叠压到玻璃上。典型地,对于离子塑料夹层,高压釜温度可以至少约120℃。优选高压釜温度是至少约125℃,并更优选至少约130℃。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是一种其中高酸树脂可以在小于120℃、优选小于110℃的温度层压以获得叠层材料的层压方法,其中该叠层材料的粘附力至少与从常规的、具有小于约20重量%酸的乙烯聚合物离聚物获得的并且需要120℃或以上的层压温度的叠层材料的一样高。相对较低温度层压的可能性为本发明的夹层的另外的层压方法的开发,例如挤压-加热、脉冲加热或经过烘炉加热,提供了准备。
适用于本发明的夹层在层压之前优选包括表面图案,表面图案有利于去除空气或捕集的蒸气和气体,不然的话它们会被捕集在叠层材料的层之间的界面中。可将真空或压力施加到叠层组件以促进对玻璃的粘附和/或驱除捕集的气体。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,可以在当叠层组件被加热时在大气压力下通过将热和例如来自包胶夹辊的轧制压力或其它机械压力应用到叠层组件来实施层压。层压技术领域中的普通技术人员会知道如何通过使用本申请的教导以及常规技术领域中公知并实践的那些来实施该层压工艺以获得本发明的叠层材料。可以以至少约5°/min(2.78℃/min)的冷却速率将如此获得的叠层材料冷却到环境温度。
本发明的叠层材料可以用多层本发明的夹层来构建,和/或可以包括不同化学组成的夹层或膜层。例如,本发明的夹层可以与其它常规的夹层材料层压到一起,例如:在中和之前具有15~20重量%酸的常规离聚物夹层可以与本发明的夹层层压;EVA共聚物;聚氨酯;聚氯乙烯聚合物;或PVB。
本发明的叠层材料可包括粘合层以增强聚合物层之间和/或聚合物层和玻璃之间的粘附。常规的粘合剂可作为任选组分用于本发明的实施。典型的是,本发明的夹层不需要粘合剂来促进对于玻璃的粘附。
在另一个实施方案中,令人惊奇的是,本发明的叠层材料-其具有约3%或以下浊度-可通过包括冷却步骤的方法获得,在所述冷却步骤中以小于约2.75℃/min的冷却速率冷却该叠层材料。另外,本发明的叠层材料的冷却速率可以降低到小于约2℃/min并且可以获得具有约3%或以下浊度的叠层材料,更令人惊奇的是,为获得具有约3%或以下浊度的叠层材料,可将冷却速率降低到小于1℃/min。
本发明的叠层材料可用于各种应用,例如:建筑物的窗;汽车、飞机等的挡风玻璃和侧面玻璃;结构支撑构件如楼梯、地板、墙、隔断;其它建筑构件如天花板。本发明的叠层材料可以包括至少一层刚性结构层,其粘附在至少一层从本发明的改善的树脂组合物获得的夹层上。优选的是包括至少一层本发明的夹层、带有至少一层玻璃作为刚性结构层的叠层材料。在需要安全玻璃或安全玻璃是所希望的应用中,本发明的叠层材料尤其有用。
实施例
给出下列实施例和对比例以进一步阐明本发明。这些实施例决非要限制本发明的范围,也不应该使用它们以任何与这里所要求和/或所描述的发明不一致的方式来限定权利要求或说明书。
测试方法
“浊度”是根据ASTM D1003测定的,并且被定义成为偏离入射光线2.5度以上的透射光的百分比。浊度/澄清度测量是使用Byk-GartnerHaze-Plus(HG Plus)获得的。
夹层韧性是根据ASTM 1822测定的。这是一种拉力冲击法,其测定以高的应变速率使聚合物薄片破裂的能量,该应变速率与在玻璃-夹层叠层材料的冲击负载期间遇到的速率相似。
叠层韧性是用摆锤冲击试验测定的。在玻璃叠层材料上进行冲击试验以确定穿透所述叠层所需要的冲击能量(定义为穿透能)。作为一般准则,使用“汽车工程师协会推荐的实施方法”-J2568“用于道路车辆的安全玻璃***的侵入阻力”(Society of Automotive Engineers(SAE)Recommended Practice-J2568‘Intrusion Resistance of SafetyGlazing System for Road Vehicles’)所定义的摆锤冲击器(业界公知,是可再现且精确的)。冲击器质量从9.5kg增加到31.8kg,以允许使用合理的冲击落差高度。摆锤被悬挂在6根缆索(直径4mm)上,高度约5.6m。六点缆索悬置提供精确度为±5mm的希望的冲击点。冲击器由钢制成,冲击端为直径75mm的半球形,其表面被渗碳硬化以防止因重复冲击和玻璃碎片而破坏。样品被安装在刚性钢支撑结构中,使得冲击垂直于玻璃表面并且防止样品的边缘在平面内显著地移动。30cm正方形叠层材料被夹在两个带有配合的氯丁橡胶垫圈的钢框中,***地夹持所述叠层材料的外部22mm。利用足够的夹紧,以减少样品在支撑框中的任何滑动。以各种冲击能量在多套样品上进行冲击。然后基于业界广泛使用的传统“阶梯(stair-case)法从结果计算穿透能。
然后将来自以上冲击装置的叠层材料浸没到室温的水容器中以检查在潜在的不利环境条件下玻璃保持在夹层上的弹性和水解稳定性。含酸百分比较高的夹层在破损之后显示出的玻璃碎片的保持力比含酸较低的夹层大。
使用INSTRUMENTORS,Inc.的Model SP-102B-3M90 SLIP/PEELTester、以90度或者180度的角度来剥离叠层材料。以每分钟25.4mm(1英寸)的速度剥离叠层材料。表1中示出的剥离强度数据是在由热压成型的夹层薄片制成的叠层材料上获得的。表3中示出的剥离强度数据是在由挤出夹层薄片制成的叠层材料上获得的。
通过下列方法制备玻璃叠层材料。用去离子水中的磷酸三钠溶液(5g/L)洗涤3mm厚的300mm正方形退火玻璃片,然后用去离子水彻底漂洗并干燥。将具有0.76mm厚度的各种聚合物夹层(见下表)放置在底部的那片玻璃的上面。然后再将第二片类似的玻璃放置在这片聚合物薄片的上面。然后通过周边的几片聚酯胶带将预组件绑在一起使其保持叠合精确,以维持各层的相对定位。然后将尼龙织物条放置在预组件的外周以利于从所述各层中去除空气。然后将预组件放置在尼龙真空袋中并连接到真空泵。施加真空以使得从中基本上除去空气(该袋内的空气压力被降到50绝对毫巴以下)。然后将预叠组件放置到空气高压釜中并在15分钟的时间内将压力和温度从环境压力和温度增加到135℃和200psi。然后保持该压力和温度足够的时间以使得叠层组件适当地加热(在该情况下为30min)。接下来在20min、60min或120min的时间内将温度降至40℃,借此压力也降回到环境压力,并将叠层构件移出。在压热处理之后,彻底地清洗叠层材料并测定浊度。测定值报告于下面的表1中。
在高压釜中在105℃或者135℃将从具有21重量%甲基丙烯酸的树脂获得的夹层的数层薄片叠压到玻璃上。所述薄片具有表2中所示的水分含量,并测定叠层材料的180°剥离强度。
表1
Figure G2005800376235D00101
a以1英寸/min的速度进行剥离。
1未测定粘附力-夹层被撕裂而不是被从玻璃上扯下来。
表2
实施例 Wt%酸 水分(wt%) 层压温度(℃) 180°剥离强度(lb/inch)
C10 19 0.066 105 2.7
15 21.5 0.054 105 19.3
16 21.5 0.494 105 9
17 21.5 0.054 135 22.6
C10 19 0.066 135 3.5
C11 19 0.407 135 <0.3
表3
实施例 基础树脂的熔体指数(g/10min) 共聚物中的酸,wt% 中和% 90°剥离强度(lb/inch) 拉力冲击能量,kJ/m<sup>2</sup>
C1 29.1 21.5 14.1 50.0 347
C2 29.1 21.5 17.1 - 418
C3 29.1 21.5 17.9 45.3 404
1 29.1 21.5 22.1 38.3 398
2 29.1 21.5 22.4 46.7 374
3 29.1 21.5 24 23.9 452
4 29.1 21.5 28.7 18.1 479
5 29.1 21.5 28.9 26.1 511
6 29.1 21.5 31.1 19.2 517
7 29.1 21.5 32.5 28.8 548
8 29.1 21.5 34.5 20.3 672
实施例 基础树脂的熔体指数(g/10min) 共聚物中的酸,wt% 中和% 90°剥离强度(lb/inch) 拉力冲击能量,kJ/m<sup>2</sup>
C4 60 21.5 24.8 18.6 -
C5 60 21.5 26 7.1 380
C6 60 21.5 28.7 21.5 418
C7 60 21.5 30.3 15.5 413
9 60 21.5 32.8 15.8 438
10 60 21.5 35.3 8.4 532
11 60 21.5 37.3 5.4 455
12 60 21.5 39.7 5 543
C4 60 21.5 41.1 5.3 520
C5 60 21.5 43.8 4.1 505
C6 60 21.5 47.5 3.1 -
C7 60 19 37 6.2 323
C8 60 19 36.8 9.1 488
C9 60 19 37 9.7 -
表4玻璃/聚合物叠层材料摆锤冲击性能
穿透能
试样# 酸% 基础树脂的熔体指数 总和% (J)
1 19.0 60.0 37.0 304
2 21.5 29.1 24.0 324
穿透能
3 21.5 29.1 28.7 332
4 21.5 29.1 28.9 313
表5摆锤冲击试验后的玻璃损失
Figure G2005800376235D00131
飓风冲击试验
对于在海岸地区的建筑应用,玻璃/夹层/玻璃叠层材料必须通过模拟飓风冲击和循环试验,该试验测量叠层材料对碎片冲击和风压循环的抵抗力。当前可接受的试验是按照“南佛罗里达建筑物法典第23章,2315部分:用于风产生的碎片的冲击试验”(South Florida BuildingCode Chapter 23,section 2315 Impact tests for wind born debris)进行的。疲劳载荷试验是根据所注日期为1994年的“2314.5部分的表23-F”(Table 23-F of sectiong 2314.5)测定的。该试验模拟恶劣天气如飓风期间的风加上空气产生的碎片冲击力。
该试验由对叠层材料的两种冲击组成(一种在叠层材料试样的中心,随后的第二种在该叠层材料的一个拐角)。冲击是通过从气压大炮以50英尺/秒的速度发射标称为2英寸(5cm)×4英寸(10cm)×8英尺(2.43m)长的9磅(4.1kg)重的板实现的。如果该叠层材料经受得住上述冲击程序而保存下来,则其通过了空气压力循环试验。在该试验中,叠层材料被安全可靠地固定在室(chamber)上。在正压试验中,叠层材料的冲击面朝外,被固定在该室上,并将真空施加到该室,然后按照下表A中所列的循环次序变化。压力循环计划表,如下表A中所示,被表示成为最大压力P的分数。最初3500次循环中的每次循环和随后的循环都在约1~3秒内完成。正压试验程序一结束,就将该叠层材料翻过来,冲击面朝向用于该试验的负压部分的室内,并按照下列循环次序施加真空。数值被表示成负值(-)。
绝对压力,其中P是70磅/英尺2(3360帕)。
当没有长度超过5英寸(12.7cm)、宽度不大于1/16英寸(0.16cm)的裂缝或裂口时,叠层材料通过冲击循环试验。
在飓风冲击试验中使用的玻璃叠层材料是按下列方法制备的:所有叠层材料都使用90密耳(2.3mm))厚的‘A’型或‘B’型离聚物树脂夹层,‘A’型离聚物树脂由81%乙烯、19%甲基丙烯酸组成,37%用钠离子中和并具有最终熔体指数,‘B’型离聚物树脂由78.5%乙烯、21.5%甲基丙烯酸组成,32%用钠离子中和并具有大约0.9的最终熔体指数。如下面所描述的那样,该夹层被夹在两层玻璃之间。该离聚物树脂夹层具有约361MPa的贮藏杨氏模量(StorageYoung’s Modulus)。
所有叠层材料都是通过将该夹层放置在玻璃板之间制备的。每块玻璃板都用去离子水洗涤。将叠层材料放置在压力为220 PSIG(1.6MPa)、温度为135℃的空气高压釜中30分钟。用于冲击试验的叠层材料为30英寸(77.2cm)高×48英寸(121.9cm)宽。然后将叠层材料胶接到嵌有硅酮密封剂(Dow Corning 995型)的铝框中。然后将该框固定到钢支撑框中,以使总体玻璃窗的移动减少到最小的方式进行冲击试验。对表6中试验和显示的叠层材料进行冲击试验,以测量对于增加速度的木材发射物的冲击‘韧性’。表7的叠层材料首先根据所述“佛罗里达冲击”(Florida impact)来测试,然后进行空气压力循环试验程序。在冲击试验中,从空气压力炮以50英尺/秒(15.2m/s)的速度正对着叠层材料推进标称2英寸((5cm)×4英寸(10cm)×8英尺(2.43m)长的9磅(4.1kg)松木板,垂直于叠层材料的表面撞击叠层材料。每种叠层材料都在叠层材料的两个不同位置经过两次冲击,这使得玻璃破裂。在叠层材料的中央的冲击是以标准方式(速度约50英尺/秒)进行的,而角部冲击的速度是变化的,以测定该玻璃窗(glazing)的冲击‘韧性’。试验结果列在下面的表6中。
另外的样品以更大的尺寸来制备(1.52m×2.44m w/两片与2.28mm离聚物夹层层压在一起的6mm“热-强化玻璃”),并且用硅酮密封剂和26mm的玻璃与框的重叠将其安装到“商业铝框***”中。以规定的50英尺/秒的发射物速度进行中央和角部冲击,均未产生任何破裂缝。然后进行空气压力循环程序以模拟飓风风力,对玻璃板施压并使其产生挠曲。结果提供在表7中。
表6
Figure G2005800376235D00151
表7
空气压力循环程序
Figure G2005800376235D00161

Claims (5)

1.一种适用于制造透明叠层制品的乙烯-酸共聚物树脂组合物,其中:(i)所述组合物基本上由70~79重量%的乙烯和21~30重量%的选自具有3~8个碳原子的α,β-不饱和酸的羧酸单体组成,其中20%~35%的酸基团是被中和的;且(ii)所述树脂在中和之前具有60g/10min或以下的熔体指数。
2.一种从树脂组合物获得的透明夹层,所述树脂组合物基本上由70~79重量%的乙烯和21~30重量%的选自具有3~8个碳原子的α,β-不饱和酸的羧酸单体组成,其中20%~35%的酸基团是被中和的;且(ii)所述树脂在中和之前具有60g/10min或以下的熔体指数。
3.一种包括至少一个透明夹层的叠层制品,其中所述夹层从树脂组合物获得,所述树脂组合物基本上由70~79重量%的乙烯和21~30重量%的选自具有3~8个碳原子的α,β-不饱和酸的羧酸单体组成,其中20%~35%的酸基团是被中和的;且(ii)所述树脂在中和之前具有60g/10min或以下的熔体指数,且其中所述叠层材料具有3%或以下的浊度。
4.一种用于制备具有3%或以下浊度、包括夹层的透明叠层制品的方法,所述方法包括步骤:(a)在175℃~250℃挤出,从热塑性树脂获得夹层薄片,其中:(i)所述树脂基本上由70~79重量%的乙烯和21~30重量%的选自具有3~8个碳原子的α,β-不饱和酸的羧酸单体组成,其中20%~35%的酸基团是被中和的;且(ii)所述树脂在中和之前具有60g/10min或以下的熔体指数;(b)从该夹层通过(1)将该夹层与至少一个其它层压层装配在一起以形成层压前的组件,(2)将该层压前组件加热到至少120℃的温度并向该组件施加一段时间的压力或真空和(3)冷却该叠层材料以获得透明叠层材料来制造叠层材料。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中以2.75℃/min或以下的速率冷却所述叠层材料。
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EP1805249B1 (en) 2011-04-20
US20060182983A1 (en) 2006-08-17
ATE506394T1 (de) 2011-05-15
AU2005309953A1 (en) 2006-06-01
JP5252923B2 (ja) 2013-07-31
JP2008519104A (ja) 2008-06-05
CN101052670A (zh) 2007-10-10
AU2005309953B2 (en) 2011-06-02
WO2006057771A2 (en) 2006-06-01
US7763360B2 (en) 2010-07-27
ES2363783T3 (es) 2011-08-16
US7951865B1 (en) 2011-05-31
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