CN101050636A - Digital constant pressure water supply and energy saving device - Google Patents

Digital constant pressure water supply and energy saving device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101050636A
CN101050636A CN 200710099484 CN200710099484A CN101050636A CN 101050636 A CN101050636 A CN 101050636A CN 200710099484 CN200710099484 CN 200710099484 CN 200710099484 A CN200710099484 A CN 200710099484A CN 101050636 A CN101050636 A CN 101050636A
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frequency converter
plc
water supply
screen
sampling instant
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CN100535268C (en
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麦金耿
谢广明
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SHENZHEN LEZHI ROBOT CO., LTD.
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麦金耿
谢广明
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a digital constant-pressure water-supplying and energy-saving device. It is formed from hardware portion and software portion. The hardware portion includes water pump motor, frequency changer (built-in PID controller), water pressure sensor, PLC, touch screen and control cabinet, in which the water pump motor, frequency changer, water pressure sensor and PID controller are formed into the closed-loop link of said system. The software portion includes touch screen function module. PLC and frequency changer serial communication and PID controller.

Description

A kind of digital constant pressure water supply and energy saving device
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of digital constant pressure water supply and energy saving device, particularly about a kind of digitlization automatic water-supply energy saver to waterpipe or the control of water tower invariablenes pressure of liquid.
Background technology
Life or industrial water supply equipment generally are divided into matched and non-matched at present.The characteristics of non-matched supply equipment be the output of water pump always greater than the water supply volume of system, but need the configuration storing facilities of water, as high level cistern, water tower etc.The characteristics of matched supply equipment are the variations that output always adapts to water supply volume, do not have unnecessary water, also do not have storing facilities of water (except the fire fighting supply).Using frequency control equipment regulating pondage is exactly a kind of complete matched way of supplying water.It regulates the rotating speed of water pump by the frequency of supply of pump motor, detects pressure of supply water by in-line meter and is also controlled, and to guarantee that output also changes when water supply volume changes thereupon, realizes matching each other of output and water supply volume.His advantage is to have saved reservoir, also without air pressure tank, reduces floor space, and has reduced load, has saved electric energy.Shortcoming is if having a power failure, and then can cut off the water the inconvenience that causes life to produce.
Constant pressure water supply is meant when water supply volume changes in water supply network system, the way of supplying water that outlet pressure remains unchanged.Water supply network is that the outlet pressure value is to determine according to user's request.Traditional constant pressure water supply mode is to adopt facilities such as water tower, high level cistern, air pressure tank and electrically operated valve to realize.Therefore these mode practical are extensive use of.
Increasingly mature along with variable-frequency control technique is for realizing that constant pressure water supply provides the reliable technique condition.In the past because technical condition limit and for cost consideration, adopt open loop control mode realization rough supply water of frequency converter in conjunction with timer usually.Though adopt frequency converter and pressure sensor at present, constitute closed-loop control system, regulate the output flow of water pump, replace water tower, water tank, air pressure tank and electrically operated valve etc., realize constant pressure water supply, all there are two shortcomings:
1, control algolithm is too simple, adopts simple switching logic control and regulation pressure.For example, pump motor was out of service when force value surpassed a certain higher limit, started pump motor when force value is lower than a certain lower limit; Generally, above-mentioned control mode is all regulated hydraulic pressure by the setting pressure threshold value.If the bound difference of hydraulic pressure is less, then the precision of constant voltage control is higher, but easily causes the frequent start-stop of pump motor, shortens motor application life, if the bound difference of hydraulic pressure is bigger, then the precision of constant voltage control will variation.This type of patent has " 89220031.6 fully-automatic constant pressure energy-saving water supply equipment ", " 02119266.9 constant pressure water supply control system " and " 200410022970.8 constant pressure water supply control device and method " etc.
2, adopt analog form to set hydraulic pressure value, common way is as given hydraulic pressure value with a slide potentiometer regulation voltage size.Though this mode is saved cost, because the application life of slide potentiometer is limited, after access times were too much, the potentiometer carbon membrane wore and tore easily, produced the idle running error, made setting value that bigger deviation be arranged.Digitized setting means is also arranged at present, but adopt keypad to set usually, operability is relatively poor.As " the energy-conservation Single-chip Controlling water supply installation of 200420025782.6 constant voltages ".
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of based on PID (PID) closed loop variable frequency control, can reach free from error constant voltage control, utilize the organic assembling of PLC (programmable logic controller), graphic control panel etc. simultaneously, realization has the operation and the exact figure hydraulic pressure value of good human-computer interaction interface to be set, and the constant pressure water supply and energy saving device that is significantly improved on energy-saving effect.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of digital constant pressure water supply and energy saving device, it is made up of hardware components and software section, it is characterized in that: described hardware components comprises pump motor, frequency converter (internal PID controller), hydraulic pressure sensor, PLC, touch-screen and switch board, the closed loop link of described pump motor, described frequency converter, described hydraulic pressure sensor and described PID controller construction system; Described software section comprises touch screen function module, PLC and frequency converter serial communication and PID controller.
Described touch-screen is used to set controlling parameter and control start and stop as man-machine interactive platform, will control to set to transfer to described PLC, reads simultaneously and shows through the described water pump of described PLC processing and the running status of described frequency converter; Described touch-screen is provided with:
(1) open, stop control button and status button, and with described switch board panel on open, stop button to carry out electrical interlocks related;
(2) display unit, display load rate, power saving rate, accumulative total economize on electricity, running frequency, motor speed, accumulated running time in real time;
(3) power failure self-starting unit can be provided with self-starting process;
(4) manual pressure regulation unit can be in that the time period be provided with hydraulic pressure value automatically arbitrarily;
(5) fire-fighting unit keeps whole pressure;
(6) electric motor protecting unit can be provided with the upper current limit and the hydraulic pressure upper limit;
(7) record cell writes down electricity consumption, the economize on electricity situation of one day 24 period automatically, is convenient to analyze operating mode, optimizing design scheme.
Described PLC is the hinge of whole energy-saving equipment control, reception is from the signal of described touch-screen and described switch board panel button, by reaching described frequency converter after the described PLC routine processes, determine the given frequency of described frequency converter, read the parameter of described frequency converter simultaneously, after routine processes, reach described touch-screen and described switch board; Described PLC comprises with the idiographic flow that described frequency converter is communicated by letter:
(1) S1 sends call frame to the status register initialization;
(2) S2 receives whether character is call frame, is then to go to S3, otherwise goes to S9;
(3) S3 receives whether character is call frame, is then to go to S6, otherwise goes to S4;
(4) S4 receives whether character is that ACK replys, and is then to go to S7, otherwise goes to S5;
(5) S5 receives whether character is that END replys, and is then to go to S8, otherwise goes to S9;
(6) S6 sends frame head;
(7) S7 sends data;
(8) S8 sends EOF (frame end mark);
(9) the S9 mistake is handled;
(10) the S10 next frame is waited for, returns S1.
Described frequency converter receives from the control instruction of described PLC and the feedback signal of described hydraulic pressure sensor, controls the output of described frequency converter by the adjusting of described PID controller.
The structural formula that described PID controller is adopted is: M n=MP n+ MI n+ MD n, wherein, M nBe the calculated value of n sampling instant, MP nBe the proportional value of n sampling instant, MI nBe the integration item value of n sampling instant, MD nIt is the differential term value of n sampling instant.
The present invention is owing to take above technical scheme, it has the following advantages: 1, owing to adopt the PID closed loop control algorithm that three phase electric machine is realized continuous speed adjustment, the phenomenon of stop and start repeatedly can not appear in pump motor, improves the constant voltage control accuracy of water system, reduces error.2, because the mode that adopts frequency converter and pid control algorithm to combine is optimized speed governing in real time to three phase electric machine, compare with conventional open-loop control effect, improve a lot on the energy-saving effect, can improve more than 20 percentage points.3, owing to adopt the compound mode of PLC and graphic control panel, utilize serial communication protocol to carry out transfer of data between them, realize digital form setting hydraulic pressure value, and show real-time hydraulic pressure value.4, because touch-screen has the power failure self-starting function, can be provided with, so can realize real unmanned guard's operation to self-starting process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a hardware configuration schematic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the RS422 order wire connection of PLC and touch-screen
Fig. 3 is a PID closed loop varying speed and constant pressure feed water schematic diagram
Fig. 4 is a water pump unsteady flow amount performance chart
Fig. 5 is a serial communication flow chart between PLC and frequency converter.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, hardware configuration of the present invention comprises: a water pump 1; One frequency converter 2, the output of frequency converter 2 is connected with water pump 1, and input is connected with PLC4 with hydraulic pressure sensor 3; PLC4 connects graphic control panel 5 and is connected with serial communication controlling cabinet 6.
Frequency converter 2 receives from the control instruction of PLC4 and the feedback signal of hydraulic pressure sensor 3, controls the output of frequency converter 2 with the closed loop error: when error increases, strengthen output frequency; When error reduces, reduce output frequency; Make stable water pressure in a certain designated value by dynamic adjustments.Present embodiment uses is three to cultivate frequency converter.The three-phase voltage lead-out terminal U of frequency converter 2, V, W connect the power input terminal of motor (water pump 1), need not consider phase sequence.Three-core cable, cable core cross-section is decided according to motor rated power.Serial ports male on the frequency converter 2 connects the RS232 module of PLC4, and connecting line is for intersecting Serial Port Line.
Hydraulic pressure sensor 3 can be selected diffuse silicon or ceramic pressure sensor for use, and considers installation environment and waterproof anti-corrosion function.Precision and range are decided according to concrete application scenario and requirement.Positive and negative end of the power supply of hydraulic pressure sensor 3 and output are connected to power supply output and analog input end on the frequency converter 2 respectively, are connected to shielding the common of frequency converter 2.Three cores or the four-core sectional area 1.5mm of the most handy band shielding 2Above cable.
Present embodiment is selected Mitsubishi PLC for use.PLC4 receives the signal from touch-screen 5, switch board 6 panel buttons, by reaching frequency converter 2 after the routine processes, the given frequency of decision frequency converter 2.Read the parameter of frequency converter 2 simultaneously, by reaching touch-screen 5 and switch board 6 after the routine processes.
Touch-screen 5 is used to set water pump 1 and frequency converter 2 parameters and control start and stop, shows their running statuses simultaneously, as the rated power of the frequency of system's hydraulic pressure, frequency converter 2 and temperature, water pump 1 and actual power loss etc.Female mouthful of serial ports nine kinds of needles on the touch-screen 5 is connected (as shown in Figure 2) by five core shielding lines with RS422 programming port on the PLC4.
Switch board 6 panels are provided with: open, stop button, rapid stop key shows the indicator lamp that opens, stops state, voltmeter and ammeter; With the cross section is 1mm 2Single core or multicore cable are connected with the PLC4 input, and described cable is preferably with shielding.
As shown in Figure 3, closed-loop control link of the present invention comprises: pump motor 1, frequency converter 2, pressure sensor 3, PID controller 8.Frequency converter 2 is accepted the given signal of PLC4 controller; Hydraulic pressure sensor 3 detects the pipe network discharge pressure, and changes them into controller 8 acceptable signals as feedback signal; PID controller 8 comprehensive given signal and feedback signals in the frequency converter 2, the output frequency of definite frequency converter 2 after PID regulates, thereby the speed of service of regulating pump motor 1 are realized the control of unsteady flow amount constant voltage.Pump motor 1 is the closed loop output unit, also is simultaneously the performance element that supplies water.
Varying speed and constant pressure feed water control realizes that by regulating water pump 1 rotating speed water pressure invariableness is to be determined by water pump 1 characteristic (as shown in Figure 4).
The present invention regulates water pump 1 rotating speed, do not change pepeline characteristic, and make it along characteristic curve of pipeline to move by mobile water pump 1 operating point, keep water pump 1 to move at greater efficiency point, the energy that drops into by the minimizing system reduces flow, reach good regulation quality by rational system structure design, but do not increase energy consumption, thereby reach effect energy-conservation greatly and the adjusting energy consumption.
Water pump 1 power consumption P and flow n are 3 powers relations, and rated power is P during power frequency 0, flow is n 0, then
P = P 0 × ( n n 0 ) 3
Power descends
P 0 - P P 0 × 100 % = [ 1 - ( n n 0 ) 3 ] × 100 %
For water pump 1, flow is directly proportional with rotating speed, and rotating speed also is directly proportional with frequency (as shown in table 1).
Table 1:
Frequency Rotating speed reduces Flow reduces Power descends
45 10% 10% 27.1%
40 20% 20% 48.8%
35 30% 30% 65.7%
30 40% 40% 78.4%
For example, with water pump 1 speed drop to 50%, at this moment characteristic curve of pipeline is constant, and the working curve of pump moves down, and the operating efficiency of pump is constant, and it is original 1/4 that pressure head is then reduced to, and reduces pump power consumption behind the flow like this and only is original 1/8.Simultaneously, because of the operating point of pump does not become, system works is stable.
Software section of the present invention comprises: touch screen function module 5; 2 serial communication designs of PLC4 and frequency converter; The PID closed loop controller.
As follows for function design as the touch-screen 5 of man-machine interactive platform:
(1) open, stop control and status function, and with switch board 6 panels on open, stop button to carry out electrical interlocks related;
(2) real-time display load rate, power saving rate, accumulative total economize on electricity, running frequency, motor speed, accumulated running time etc.;
(3) power failure self-starting function can be provided with self-starting process, realizes real unmanned guard's operation;
(4) manual voltage regulation function can be in that the time period be provided with hydraulic pressure value automatically arbitrarily;
(5) fire-fighting function keeps whole pressure;
(6) electric motor protecting function can be provided with the upper current limit and the hydraulic pressure upper limit;
(7) write down electricity consumption, the economize on electricity situation of one day 24 period automatically, be convenient to analyze operating mode, optimizing design scheme.
PLC4 is the hinge of whole energy-saving equipment control, connects touch-screen 5 buttons and frequency converter 2, and its Core Feature is to be responsible for communicating by letter with frequency converter 2, the parameter of read-write frequency converter 2.PLC4 uses trapezoidal pattern programming, and the idiographic flow when communicating with frequency converter 2 (as shown in Figure 5) is as follows:
S1:, send call frame to the status register initialization;
S2: whether be call frame, be then to go to S3, otherwise go to S9 if receiving character;
S3: whether be call frame, be then to go to S6, otherwise go to S4 if receiving character;
S4: whether be ACK reply, be then to go to S7, otherwise go to S5 if receiving character;
S5: whether be END reply, be then to go to S8, otherwise go to S9 if receiving character;
S6: send frame head;
S7: send data;
S8: send EOF (frame end mark)
S9: mistake is handled;
S10: next frame is waited for, is returned S1.
Pid control algorithm is that the present invention realizes its constant pressure water supply and the key that reaches energy-saving effect, the hydraulic pressure error signal is the object that pid algorithm is handled, after regulating automatically, pid algorithm obtains frequency values, frequency converter 2 outputs are corresponding to the three-phase alternating current of this frequency values, drive motor rotation, make the hydraulic pressure error eliminate gradually.
(1) basic principle
Regulate output by pid algorithm, guarantee that deviate e is zero, makes system reach stable state.In system, deviate e is the poor of set-point SP (desired value) and process variables PV (actual value).Its control principle is based on following formula:
M ( t ) = K c e + K c ∫ edt + M o + K c de dt
Wherein:
M (t) is the output of pid loop, is the function of time;
K cGain for pid loop;
E is the input (being the poor of set-point and process variables) of pid loop;
M oInitial value for pid loop output.
(2) discretization of pid algorithm
For can allow digital computer handle this control formula, continuously formula must disperse and turn to periodic sampling deviation formula, just can be used for calculating output valve, the formula that digital computer is handled is as follows:
M n = K c e n + K I Σ 1 n e n + M o + K D ( e n - e n - 1 )
Wherein:
M nBe n sampling instant pid loop output valve;
K cGain for pid loop;
e nIt is the deviate of n sampling instant;
e N-1It is the deviate (deviation preceding paragraph) of n-1 sampling instant;
K IProportionality constant for the integration item;
K DProportionality constant for differential term;
M oInitial value for pid loop output.
Because computer is from sampling for the first time, each deviation sampled value must be calculated output valve one time, therefore only needs to preserve before the deviation value and the integration item is preceding is worth.Utilize the repeatability of Computer Processing the above formula of abbreviation to be:
M n=K ce n+K Ie n+M X+K D(e n-e n-1)
Wherein:
M nBe n sampling instant pid loop output valve;
K cGain for pid loop;
e nIt is the deviate of n sampling instant;
e N-1It is the deviate (deviation preceding paragraph) of n-1 sampling instant;
K IProportionality constant for the integration item;
K DProportionality constant for differential term;
M XIt is the integration item (value before the integration item) of n-1 sampling instant.
(3) improvement of discretization pid algorithm
The improved form of the above simplified formula of the actual use of CPU calculates PID output, and this modified formula is:
M n=MP n+MI n+MD n
Wherein:
MP n=K n(SP n-PV n) be the proportional value of n sampling instant;
MI n = K n T I T S ( SP n - PV n ) + M X It is the integration item value of n sampling instant;
MD n = K n T D T S ( PV n - PV n - 1 ) It is the differential term value of n sampling instant;
SP nIt is the set-point of n sampling instant;
PV nIt is the process variable value of n sampling instant;
PV N-1It is the process variable value of n-1 sampling instant;
T SBe sampling time interval;
T DBe derivative time;
T IBe the time of integration;
M XIt is the integration item (value before the integration item) of n-1 sampling instant.
Although disclose specific embodiments of the invention and accompanying drawing for the purpose of illustration, its purpose is to help to understand content of the present invention and implement according to this, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that: without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, various replacements, variation and modification all are possible.Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to most preferred embodiment and the disclosed content of accompanying drawing.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of digital constant pressure water supply and energy saving device, it is made up of hardware components and software section, it is characterized in that: described hardware components comprises frequency converter, hydraulic pressure sensor, PLC, touch-screen and the switch board of pump motor, internal PID controller, the closed loop link of described pump motor, described frequency converter, described hydraulic pressure sensor and described PID controller construction system; Described software section comprises touch screen function module, PLC and frequency converter serial communication and PID controller.
2, a kind of digital constant pressure water supply and energy saving device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described touch-screen is used to set controlling parameter and control start and stop as man-machine interactive platform, to control to set and transfer to described PLC, and read simultaneously and show the described water pump handled through described PLC and the running status of described frequency converter; Described touch-screen is provided with:
(1) open, stop control button and status button, and with described switch board panel on open, stop button to carry out electrical interlocks related;
(2) display unit, display load rate, power saving rate, accumulative total economize on electricity, running frequency, motor speed, accumulated running time in real time;
(3) power failure self-starting unit can be provided with self-starting process;
(4) manual pressure regulation unit can be in that the time period be provided with hydraulic pressure value automatically arbitrarily;
(5) fire-fighting unit keeps whole pressure;
(6) electric motor protecting unit can be provided with the upper current limit and the hydraulic pressure upper limit;
(7) record cell writes down electricity consumption, the economize on electricity situation of one day 24 period automatically, is convenient to analyze operating mode, optimizing design scheme.
3, a kind of digital constant pressure water supply and energy saving device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described PLC is the hinge of whole energy-saving equipment control, reception is from the signal of described touch-screen and described switch board panel button, by reaching described frequency converter after the described PLC routine processes, determine the given frequency of described frequency converter, read the parameter of described frequency converter simultaneously, after routine processes, reach described touch-screen and described switch board; Described PLC comprises with the idiographic flow that described frequency converter is communicated by letter:
(1) S1 sends call frame to the status register initialization;
(2) S2 receives whether character is call frame, is then to go to S3, otherwise goes to S9;
(3) S3 receives whether character is call frame, is then to go to S6, otherwise goes to S4;
(4) S4 receives whether character is that ACK replys, and is then to go to S7, otherwise goes to S5;
(5) S5 receives whether character is that END replys, and is then to go to S8, otherwise goes to S9;
(6) S6 sends frame head;
(7) S7 sends data;
(8) S8 sends EOF (frame end mark);
(9) the S9 mistake is handled;
(10) the S10 next frame is waited for, returns S1.
4, a kind of digital constant pressure water supply and energy saving device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described PLC is the hinge of whole energy-saving equipment control, reception is from the signal of described touch-screen and described switch board panel button, by reaching described frequency converter after the described PLC routine processes, determine the given frequency of described frequency converter, read the parameter of described frequency converter simultaneously, after routine processes, reach described touch-screen and described switch board; Described PLC comprises with the idiographic flow that described frequency converter is communicated by letter:
(1) S1 sends call frame to the status register initialization;
(2) S2 receives whether character is call frame, is then to go to S3, otherwise goes to S9;
(3) S3 receives whether character is call frame, is then to go to S6, otherwise goes to S4;
(4) S4 receives whether character is that ACK replys, and is then to go to S7, otherwise goes to S5;
(5) S5 receives whether character is that END replys, and is then to go to S8, otherwise goes to S9;
(6) S6 sends frame head;
(7) S7 sends data;
(8) S8 sends EOF (frame end mark);
(9) the S9 mistake is handled;
(10) the S10 next frame is waited for, returns S1.
5, as claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described a kind of digital constant pressure water supply and energy saving devices, it is characterized in that: described frequency converter receives from the control instruction of described PLC and the feedback signal of described hydraulic pressure sensor, by the output of the described control frequency converter of the adjusting of described PID controller.
6, as claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described a kind of digital constant pressure water supply and energy saving devices, it is characterized in that: the structural formula that described PID controller is adopted is: M n=MP n+ MI n+ MD n, wherein, M nBe the calculated value of n sampling instant, MP nBe the proportional value of n sampling instant, MI nBe the integration item value of n sampling instant, MD nIt is the differential term value of n sampling instant.
7, a kind of digital constant pressure water supply and energy saving device as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: the structural formula that described PID controller is adopted is: M n=MP n+ MI n+ MD n, wherein, M nBe the calculated value of n sampling instant, MP nBe the proportional value of n sampling instant, MI nBe the integration item value of n sampling instant, MD nIt is the differential term value of n sampling instant.
CNB200710099484XA 2007-05-22 2007-05-22 Digital constant pressure water supply and energy saving device Expired - Fee Related CN100535268C (en)

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CN101488009B (en) * 2008-01-16 2011-12-21 贵阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 System for transferring frequency converter PID function by PLC/DCS single-channel correcting feedback
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CN101488009B (en) * 2008-01-16 2011-12-21 贵阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 System for transferring frequency converter PID function by PLC/DCS single-channel correcting feedback
CN102561460A (en) * 2010-12-15 2012-07-11 广州星辰热能科技有限公司 Intelligent variable-frequency constant-pressure water supply system
CN102866657A (en) * 2011-07-08 2013-01-09 苏州徕卡节能电气技术有限公司 Man-machine communication type power-saving cabinet
CN102929305A (en) * 2012-10-29 2013-02-13 北京金自能源科技发展有限公司 Variable-frequency speed adjustment technique-based Bang-Bang+PID (Piping and Instrument Diagram) constant pressure water supply closed-loop control method
CN104458140A (en) * 2014-11-27 2015-03-25 深圳市华测检测技术股份有限公司 Automobile part waterproof test equipment with adjustable angle
CN104535264A (en) * 2014-11-27 2015-04-22 深圳市华测检测技术股份有限公司 Automobile parts waterproof testing equipment
US11035368B2 (en) 2016-05-31 2021-06-15 Fluid Handling Llc Pump control design toolbox technique for variable speed pumping applications
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CN107035674B (en) * 2017-05-27 2019-06-28 上海锅炉厂有限公司 A kind of water pumping monitoring system
CN107035674A (en) * 2017-05-27 2017-08-11 上海锅炉厂有限公司 A kind of pump water monitoring system
CN108845490A (en) * 2018-06-23 2018-11-20 广东希望高科数字技术有限公司 A kind of identical tension of Tension Adjustable, which synchronizes, unreels control system
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CN110215637A (en) * 2019-06-17 2019-09-10 沈阳金安科技有限公司 A kind of intelligent fire, spray water system and control method
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