CN101038192A - Non-invasive heat pulse stem flow gauge - Google Patents
Non-invasive heat pulse stem flow gauge Download PDFInfo
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- CN101038192A CN101038192A CN 200710067985 CN200710067985A CN101038192A CN 101038192 A CN101038192 A CN 101038192A CN 200710067985 CN200710067985 CN 200710067985 CN 200710067985 A CN200710067985 A CN 200710067985A CN 101038192 A CN101038192 A CN 101038192A
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Abstract
The present invention provides an un-intrusive type pulse stem flow gauge including a heating element positioned on the surface of the plant, a differential amplifying circuit and a signal control processing circuit. A downriver temperature sensor is positioned down the stem flow where the heating element of the stem flow gauge is positioned; an upriver temperature sensor assortative with the downstream temperature sensor is provided on the upper of the stem flow where the heating element of the stem flow gauge is positioned. Said downriver temperature sensor and upriver temperature sensor are connected with the differential amplifying circuit and the signal control processing circuit. As a result, the stem flow measuring of the plant with a smaller diameter can be realized conveniently in the present invention by adopting an un-intrusive type heating method and a differential temperature measuring method of the temperature sensor through measuring the moving time of the heat pulse inner the plant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heat pulse stem flow gauge.
Background technology
The physiology course of plant is to carry out in the continuous system of soil-plant-atmosphere, when favourable or disadvantageous variation takes place in environmental factor, corresponding variation also can take place in the various physiological parameters of plant, therefore, detection to the various physiological parameters of plant can help us to understand the influence of surrounding environment factors vary to growth and development of plants, thereby can regulate such as various factorss such as soil nutrient, moisture, to optimize the growth conditions of each kind of plant, crops.
In the various physiology courses of plant, rising process is an important process.Transpiration is meant that moisture is lost to process the atmosphere from the plant surface (mainly being leaf) of living with the water vapour state.The moisture that absorbs of plant root has and consumes 99.8% or more in transpiration according to statistics, and therefore, to the monitoring of transpiration, the Water Cycle that can understand between plant-soil-atmosphere is supplied with process, the water supply situation of understanding plant.
Transpiration is carried out monitoring method can roughly be divided into 4 class methods such as hydrologic method (comprising water balance method and lysimeter method etc.), micrometeorology method (comprising ripple ratio one energy budget method, vortex correlation method and aerodynamics method etc.), plant physiology method (comprising stemflow method, porometer method etc.) and infrared remote sensing method.In these methods, hydrologic method, micrometeorology method and infrared remote sensing method infrared remote sensing method are not only monitored the transpiration of plant, have monitored the evaporation situation of soil simultaneously yet.Have only the plant physiology method, comprise stemflow method, porometer method etc., be only the purpose that really reaches the detection transpiration by measurement to the plant physiology parameter.Porometer method among this, envionmental humidity is set at the equilibrium humidity of instrument leaf chamber in the time of will measuring exactly, selects the blade of tree crown middle level normal growth to sandwich the leaf chamber, measures the transpiration rate on upper and lower two surfaces respectively, and both sums are the transpiration rate of leaf.The shortcoming of porometer method is to be difficult to guarantee accurately to obtain the rising index of plant under state of nature
Transpiration causes that plant liquid stream moves to bizet from root in the plant body, therefore, by accurate measurement stemflow amount, can determine the rising fluid loss of plant substantially, and this also is the measuring principle that stem flow gauge is measured transpiration.Stem flow gauge is to measure plant transpiration instrument the most commonly used at present.At present, mainly be to adopt pyrogen to manage the measurement that realizes stemflow in the stem flow gauge, it can be divided into following three classes:
A) thermal pulse method (Heat Pulse Method): thermal pulse method is proposed in 1932 first by Germany scientist Huber, improves perfect by Marshall, Swanson and tfield, Fawards etc. later on.This method mainly is applicable to thicker woody of trunk diameter.It is according to compensation principle, at first pass to the of short duration electric current that dies during mensuration and produce thermal pulse to heating element, then by measuring the certain downstream point temperature change value of distance, extrapolate the movement velocity of thermal pulse in trunk, owing to supposition thermal pulse in trunk is along with the motion campaign of stemflow, just can extrapolate the stemflow value according to geometric properties, the stem area of section of fluid so again.Because measured in thermal pulse method is that certain some temperature is measured over time, therefore all very favourable to sensor and follow-up signal Processing, and measure also very stablely, this method once was described as " method of the most beautiful measurement flow stream velocity " by Zimmerman.Adopt in the world at present the main manufacturer of this series products have U.S. ThermalLogic (Pullman, WA) and Australian Greenspan Analytical.These products all still adopt the pyrogen and the temperature probe of intrusive mood, and are mainly used in thicker woody of diameter.
B) heat balance method of (Heat Balance Method): i.e. Sakuratani method and come from the certain methods of this method.This method comprises two kinds of stem's heat balance method of (Stem Heat Balance Method) and trunk heat balance method ofs (Tissue Heat Balance Method) again.Wherein, stem's heat balance method of is meant a heating jacket is rolled in stem or branch outside, heat bark, timber and resin continuously, the temperature on stem surface is responded to by the temperature sensor around being installed in, and obtains the flow that the heat of being taken away by liquid stream calculates liquid in the stem stalk according to the heat balance principle; The trunk heat balance method of is identical with stem heat balance method of principle, and just the trunk heat balance method of is an intrusive mood, and it measures stem sap flow by the probe that inserts trunk.In addition, these two kinds of heat balance methods all can be divided into firm power heating and change the power heating, and it is low to change the method power consumption of power heating, and when having avoided liquid stream low to the excessive heat of trunk.Heat balance method of needs temperature sensor measurement to go out the absolute value of the heat that is received, therefore, to sensor and environmental applications condition than higher.The Masaharu Kitano of Japan in 1989 has applied for a kind of United States Patent (USP) (U.S.Patent No 4745805) of runoff measuring device, the Corneliu H.M.Van Bavel of the U.S. in 1993 has applied for a kind of United States Patent (USP) (U.S.Patent No5269183) of runoff measuring device, but its ultimate principle or heat balance method of in these two patents do not have basic improvement.The main manufacturer of this series products is a U.S. Dynamax company.At present, this series products also is a main method of measuring thin plant stemflow.
C. thermal diffusion sonde method (Thermal Dissipation Probe method): this method at first is to put forward and apply for United States Patent (USP) (U.S.Patent No 4745805) in 1985 by French scientist Granier.It is that the probe that the 2 long 2cm of being, diameters are 1.2mm is inserted in the sapwood, and upper probe contains having heaters and thermopair, and lower probe has only thermopair, and constant heating is calculated flow stream velocity by the temperature approach of measuring two probes.Compare with other several calorimetries, this method is installed simple and convenient, calculates easyly, and expense is relatively low.But this method still is an intrusive mood.
In sum, though thermal pulse formula stem flow gauge better performances, but it mainly still adopts the intrusive mood method at present, be applied to xylophyta, for the thinner crop plant of diameter, at present available generally is stem's thermal balance type stem flow gauge, and such stem flow gauge all has higher requirement to temperature sensor and environment for use.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of non-invasive heat pulse formula stem flow gauge that can be applicable to the thin plant of diameter.The present invention by the following technical solutions for this reason: described stem flow gauge comprises heating element and differential amplification and the signal control processing circuit of being located at the plant surface, described stem flow gauge is provided with downstream temperature sensor in the stemflow downstream of heating element present position, described stem flow gauge is provided with the upstream temperature sensor with described downstream temperature sensor pairing in the stemflow upstream of heating element present position, the upstream temperature sensor of described pairing links to each other with differential amplification and signal control processing circuit with downstream temperature sensor.Owing to adopt technical scheme of the present invention, the present invention adopts the differential temperature metering system of non-intrusion type type of heating and temperature sensor, by to the measurement of thermal pulse, can realize easily the stemflow of the comparatively tiny plant of diameter is measured in the plant internal motion time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a principle schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the sensor array synoptic diagram among the embodiment provided by the invention.
Fig. 3 is the concrete synoptic diagram that the invention provides embodiment.
Embodiment
With reference to accompanying drawing 1.The principle of non-invasive heat pulse stem flow gauge of the present invention is shown in figure one, it comprises heating element 2 and differential amplification and the signal control processing circuit 3 of being located at plant 5 surfaces, described stem flow gauge is provided with downstream temperature sensor 1 in the stemflow downstream of heating element present position, described stem flow gauge is provided with the upstream temperature sensor 4 with described downstream temperature sensor pairing in the stemflow upstream of heating element present position, the upstream temperature sensor of described pairing links to each other with differential amplification and signal control processing circuit with downstream temperature sensor.
In the present invention because stemflow be from the root of plant to the top motion, we are decided to be the upstream with the root of plant and the top of plant is decided to be the downstream.
In use, heating element 2 and upstream and downstream temperature sensor are respectively attached to the surface of plant.When stemflow test beginning, differential amplification and signal control processing circuit 3 at first discharge a heating pulse to heating element 2, so heating element 2 temperature raise.Along with the rising of heating element 2 temperature, heat just from heating element 2 to the epidermis conduction of the plant 5 of heating element 2.Heat reaches after the plant epidermis, and the conduction in plant inside has two kinds of approach: the one, and heat conduction, the 2nd, along with the stemflow motion brings " thermal convection ".Heat conduction is heat thermal diffusion along the each several part that is in contact with one another in plant inside, heat from the high part of temperature to the low part transmission of temperature, this process depends on the heat transfer coefficient of the inner each several part of plant, if the heat transfer coefficient of a hypothesis part equates, then this process is an isotropic process, and the measurement temperature of last upstream and downstream temperature sensor equates.But when plant inside existed stemflow, except heat conduction, the motion owing to stemflow also existed thermal convection to heat in plant inside.Just when heat after the plant epidermis conducts to plant inside, in plant inside, along with moving upward of stemflow (water just), heat also will move upward simultaneously.
What apply on the heating element 2 in the present invention is a thermal pulse, and therefore, because the effect of stemflow, this thermal pulse will be with downstream, and the temperature sensor in the downstream also will record a temperature variation pulse.And thermal pulse is from being applied to the time that is spent between being detected by downstream temperature sensor at well heater, be with plant in the stemflow size be directly proportional.Therefore, the ultimate principle that the present invention measures stemflow is to adopt the non-intrusion type mode to apply a thermal pulse at the epidermis of plant by heating arrangement, adopts temperature sensor to utilize the principle of differential detection to carry out temperature survey respectively in the fixing distance of the upstream and downstream of heating element then.Thermometric peak value is flowed through under the inner stemflow of plant drives time of response temperature sensor corresponding to thermal pulse on the temperature sensor.Because the distance of temperature sensor and heating element 2 is known,, just can calculates the movement velocity of thermal pulse, and then can extrapolate the interior stemflow size of plant so flow through time of temperature sensor by measuring thermal pulse.
In the present invention, the temperature sensor that is positioned over heating element 2 upstreams is mainly used in compensation, offsets the conduction of heat in plant inside.Like this signal of upstream temperature sensor and the signal of downstream temperature sensor are imported a differential amplifier simultaneously, then the temperature variation signal that causes owing to the inner isotropic heat transfer process of the caused plant of heat conduction just can be cancelled, and the output signal of differential amplifier is only relevant with the caused temperature variation signal of thermal convection that brings owing to the stemflow motion.
In the present embodiment, the upstream and downstream sensor all is made up of a plurality of temperature sensors that are arranged in order, and that is to say a sensor array, and as shown in Figures 2 and 3, described downstream temperature sensor comprises the plurality of temperature sensor, and is provided with along the stemflow direction; Described upstream temperature sensor comprise several respectively with the temperature sensor of the temperature sensor pairing that is in stemflow downstream, heating element present position, the temperature sensor of described pairing equates with the distance of heating element; Be provided with the differential amplifier circuit that several link to each other with the temperature sensor of pairing respectively in described differential amplification and the signal control processing circuit.In Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the upstream and downstream temperature sensor of present embodiment is made up of 5 temperature sensors respectively, downstream temperature sensor is respectively the sensor of drawing reference numeral 11,12,13,14,15 indications and the temperature sensor that upstream sensor is respectively drawing reference numeral 41,42,43,44,45 indications, correspondingly, be provided with 5 differential amplifier circuits in described differential amplification and the signal control processing circuit, be respectively drawing reference numeral 61,62,63,64,65 indications.Temperature sensor 11 equates with the distance of heating element 2 with 45 and pairing and link to each other with differential amplifier circuit 61, temperature sensor 12 equates with the distance of heating element 2 with 44 and pairing and link to each other with differential amplifier circuit 62, temperature sensor 13 equates with the distance of heating element 2 with 43 and pairing and link to each other with differential amplifier circuit 63, temperature sensor 14 equates with the distance of heating element 2 with 42 and pairing and link to each other with differential amplifier circuit 64, and temperature sensor 15 equates with the distance of heating element 2 with 41 and matches and link to each other with differential amplifier circuit 65.
When moving under the drive of thermal pulse at stemflow, because the difference of the stemflow size of surveying, the time required by fixed range has nothing in common with each other.From improving the response time, temperature sensor and well heater distance are near more good more, but, because what the present invention adopted is the heating thermometric structure of non-intrusion type, temperature sensor and well heater distance are near more, the undesired signal that heat conduction brings (that is to say the heat that is directly transferred to temperature sensor from well heater by the plant epidermis) is just strong more, therefore, along with varying in size of stemflow, optimum position between sensor and the well heater is also different, the present invention forms sensor array by place a plurality of temperature sensors in the downstream, can enlarge the scope that stemflow is measured.
In the present embodiment, heating element 2 adopts heating, such as being entwined by resistance wire, power is 1 watt, temperature sensor adopts thermistor, differential amplification and signal processing circuit 3 are that the Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system of core is formed by one with MSP430 microprocessor 7, and five road differential amplifier circuits are taken on by the general instrumentation amplifier chip of AD620, measurement result via microprocessor 7 software processes after by showing output 8 outputs.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of non-invasive heat pulse stem flow gauge, it is characterized in that described stem flow gauge comprises heating element and differential amplification and the signal control processing circuit of being located at the plant surface, described stem flow gauge is provided with downstream temperature sensor in the stemflow downstream of heating element present position, described stem flow gauge is provided with the upstream temperature sensor with described downstream temperature sensor pairing in the stemflow upstream of heating element present position, the upstream temperature sensor of described pairing links to each other with differential amplification and signal control processing circuit with downstream temperature sensor.
2, a kind of non-invasive heat pulse stem flow gauge as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described downstream temperature sensor comprises the plurality of temperature sensor, and is provided with along the stemflow direction; Described upstream temperature sensor comprise several respectively with the temperature sensor of the temperature sensor pairing that is in stemflow downstream, heating element present position, the temperature sensor of described pairing equates with the distance of heating element; Be provided with the differential amplifier circuit that several link to each other with the temperature sensor of pairing respectively in described differential amplification and the signal control processing circuit.
3, a kind of non-invasive heat pulse stem flow gauge as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that described heating element is a heating.
4, a kind of non-invasive heat pulse stem flow gauge as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that described heating element is that resistance wire is entwined.
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| CN 200710067985 CN101038192A (en) | 2007-04-12 | 2007-04-12 | Non-invasive heat pulse stem flow gauge |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101221193B (en) * | 2007-09-30 | 2010-04-21 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | Plant stemflow velocity measuring method and device thereof |
| CN101413815B (en) * | 2008-11-24 | 2010-04-21 | 浙江大学 | Wireless plant stem flow detection device based on laser heat pulse |
| CN102128654A (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2011-07-20 | 蔡茂林 | Non-intrusive flow measuring device for industrial gas pipeline |
| CN102183277A (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2011-09-14 | 浙江大学 | Laser heat pulse-based plant stem flow and transpiration water consumption detection device |
| CN103149243A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2013-06-12 | 西北农林科技大学 | Tree heat pulse transpiration determinator and measuring method thereof |
| CN104748889A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-01 | 罗斯蒙特公司 | Non-intrusive temperature measurement assembly |
| CN106199061A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-12-07 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of device and method measuring soil water flow velocity based on thermal pulse method |
| CN109791078A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2019-05-21 | 首尔大学校产学协力团 | Method for measuring the micropin probe unit and the liquid flowing rate using micropin probe unit measurement plant of the liquid flowing rate of plant |
| CN110118795A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-08-13 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of complex ecosystem evapotranspires system for measuring quantity and its operating method |
| CN110736515A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-01-31 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | trunk runoff automatic measuring device |
| CN113267643A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-08-17 | 西南大学 | Trunk liquid flow non-invasive measurement device and method suitable for plant thin stems |
| CN114631024A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2022-06-14 | 欧姆龙株式会社 | Plant biological body sensor |
| CN115355958A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-11-18 | 鲁东大学 | Whole-interval heat pulse liquid flow measuring device and method |
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2007
- 2007-04-12 CN CN 200710067985 patent/CN101038192A/en active Pending
Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101221193B (en) * | 2007-09-30 | 2010-04-21 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | Plant stemflow velocity measuring method and device thereof |
| CN101413815B (en) * | 2008-11-24 | 2010-04-21 | 浙江大学 | Wireless plant stem flow detection device based on laser heat pulse |
| CN102128654A (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2011-07-20 | 蔡茂林 | Non-intrusive flow measuring device for industrial gas pipeline |
| CN102183277A (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2011-09-14 | 浙江大学 | Laser heat pulse-based plant stem flow and transpiration water consumption detection device |
| CN102183277B (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-08-15 | 浙江大学 | Laser heat pulse-based plant stem flow and transpiration water consumption detection device |
| CN103149243A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2013-06-12 | 西北农林科技大学 | Tree heat pulse transpiration determinator and measuring method thereof |
| CN103149243B (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2015-05-20 | 西北农林科技大学 | Tree heat pulse transpiration determinator and measuring method thereof |
| CN104748889B (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2019-08-30 | 罗斯蒙特公司 | Non-invasive temperature measures component |
| CN104748889A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-01 | 罗斯蒙特公司 | Non-intrusive temperature measurement assembly |
| CN109791078B (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2021-09-24 | 首尔大学校产学协力团 | Microneedle probe device for measuring plant fluid flow rate and method for measuring plant fluid flow rate using the same |
| CN109791078A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2019-05-21 | 首尔大学校产学协力团 | Method for measuring the micropin probe unit and the liquid flowing rate using micropin probe unit measurement plant of the liquid flowing rate of plant |
| CN106199061B (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2019-07-26 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of device and method based on thermal pulse method measurement soil water flow velocity |
| CN106199061A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-12-07 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of device and method measuring soil water flow velocity based on thermal pulse method |
| CN110118795A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-08-13 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of complex ecosystem evapotranspires system for measuring quantity and its operating method |
| CN110736515A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-01-31 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | trunk runoff automatic measuring device |
| CN114631024A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2022-06-14 | 欧姆龙株式会社 | Plant biological body sensor |
| CN110736515B (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2024-05-31 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Automatic measuring device for tree trunk runoff |
| CN113267643A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-08-17 | 西南大学 | Trunk liquid flow non-invasive measurement device and method suitable for plant thin stems |
| CN115355958A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-11-18 | 鲁东大学 | Whole-interval heat pulse liquid flow measuring device and method |
| CN115355958B (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2023-08-22 | 鲁东大学 | Full-interval heat pulse liquid flow measuring device and method |
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