CN105277589A - Crop water deficiency detection device based on thermocouple monitoring of leaf temperature increase and detection method - Google Patents
Crop water deficiency detection device based on thermocouple monitoring of leaf temperature increase and detection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a crop water deficiency detection device based on thermocouple monitoring of leaf temperature increase and a detection method, the crop water deficiency detection device comprises a full transpiration matter, a thermocouple and a micro voltage measurement instrument, a thermocouple cold end is placed in the surface layer of the full transpiration matter, a thermocouple hot end is affixed to to-be-tested crop leaf surface, and after production of thermoelectromotive forces, the thermocouple hot end and the thermocouple cold end both are communicated with the micro voltage measurement instrument. The crop water deficiency detection device overcomes the defect of need of simultaneous determination of leaf temperature and air (or full transpiration matter surface) of the temperature difference in the prior art, can directly determine the temperature increase value of the leaf respect to the full transpiration matter surface, has high in thermocouple precision, relatively low price, and easy data acquisition and storage, and can meet requirements on sensors of field-crop water deficiency detection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural irrigation monitoring technology, be specifically related to a kind of Crop water deficits pick-up unit based on the temperature rise of thermocouple monitoring leaf and detection method thereof.
Background technology
The significance that crop plant transpiration consumes moisture is as plant cooling, when Crop water deficits, transpiration is suppressed, the rising energy consumed reduces, under certain radiation condition, Sensible Heating Flux increases, and the temperature of crop self and canopy increases, and the increase of this temperature of crop can embody soil drought and air overdrying obtains acting in conjunction, in the water deficit of reflection crop, be better than traditional Moisture Index.
Therefore the Crop water deficits detection technique research based on blade or canopy and atmospheric temperature difference is developed, and all has been reported at present in the quantitative examination that application surface temperature raises reflection water deficit respectively of canopy and leaf scale.Mostly adopt infrared thermometer to measure the temperature value of canopy or blade in current scientific research, then carry out calculating hat (leaf) air Temperature Difference in conjunction with temperature mensuration.Canopy surface temperature monitoring is carried out based on all have employed this type of infrared temperature sensor in the crop moisture detection device of multisensor and method, a kind of crop nitrogen and moisture lossless detection method and device.Infrared thermometer or infrared temperature sensor expensive, be only limitted to scientific research and use, also inconvenience application in guiding agricultural production.
Thermopair has the mature technology of solid theoretical foundation as one, the thermopower that it causes according to the galvanic couple two ends temperature difference, measure the temperature difference of hot junction and cold junction, and obtain cold junction temperature by distinct methods, calculate the temperature in monitoring point (i.e. hot junction), this technology widespread use in temperature survey at present, develop various types of thermopair products of the different needs that differ from one another, are suitable for, cheap, precision is higher.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the object of the invention is to solve problems of the prior art, a kind of Crop water deficits pick-up unit based on the temperature rise of thermocouple monitoring leaf and detection method thereof are provided.
Technical scheme: a kind of Crop water deficits pick-up unit based on the temperature rise of thermocouple monitoring leaf of the present invention, comprise abundant rising thing, thermopair and micro voltage measuring instrument, the cold junction of described thermopair is placed in the top layer of abundant rising thing, the hot junction of thermopair is affixed on tested crop blade face, is all communicated in micro voltage measuring instrument after the hot junction of thermopair and cold junction produce thermopower.
By directly observing the temperature gap of the hot junction of thermopair (surface of tested blade) and cold junction (surface of abundant rising thing), then carry out the detection of water deficit relative to the regression relation between abundant rising thing surface temperature lift-off value and leaf water physiology based on blade.
Further, can also all be connected to AD digital to analog converter after the hot junction of described thermopair and cold junction produce thermopower, the other end of AD digital to analog converter is connected to signal amplifier, and the other end of signal amplifier is connected to Programmable digital display instrument.
Further, the other end of described signal amplifier is also direct is connected to computing machine by data acquisition unit.
Further, described abundant rising thing comprises open type water receiver, water is contained in water receiver, the floating foamed polystyrene board covering the water surface completely on the water surface, the upper surface of foamed polystyrene board and four sides are all coated with water suction nonwoven layer, the periphery of water suction nonwoven layer is enclosed with water absorptivity gluing scrim cloth, and the surrounding of water suction nonwoven layer and water absorptivity gluing scrim cloth is all immersed in the water.Wherein, the water yield in water receiver is relevant with the water receiver degree of depth, remains basically stable be advisable with the wherein vessel port of flotation gear end face and water receiver.Further, described abundant rising thing is placed in crop canopies height, described water receiver is length of side 30cm, the rectangular parallelepiped water receiver of degree of depth 10cm (can certainly be other shapes, such as cylindric, if employing rectangular parallelepiped, want two of bottom surface edge lengths identical or relatively as far as possible), the thickness of foamed polystyrene board is 5cm, and the thickness of water suction nonwoven layer is 2mm.And abundant rising thing size dimension also can be arranged according to the size of the tested crop canopies of reality, to be close as principle arranges the length of side with the size of tested crop canopies.
Further, described thermopair is the thermopair of K type, J type or S type, and thermopair is fixedly mounted by support.
The invention also discloses a kind of detection method of the Crop water deficits pick-up unit based on the temperature rise of thermocouple monitoring leaf, comprise the following steps:
(1) hot junction of thermopair is directly placed in blade surface to be measured, the cold junction of thermopair is directly placed in the surface of the abundant rising thing of manual simulation;
(2) when tested blade cannot ensure transpiration fully due to lack of water, leaf temperature raises, and the unrestricted temperature of evaporation of abundant rising thing is lower, produces thermopower at thermopair two ends, then obtain voltage data, whether to wane moisture by calculating and then detect tested blade; Wherein, obtain voltage data by following two kinds of modes, be specially:
(2-1) by adopting micro voltage measuring instrument directly to measure voltage readings certificate, directly calculate the temperature difference between tested blade and abundant rising thing surface according to the characteristic parameter of thermopair itself, and then carry out water deficit whether detection according to the critical temperature difference of water deficit;
(2-2) by AD digital to analog converter receive survey voltage signal and be converted to digital signal, and then amplified by signal through digital signal amplifier, the digital signal after amplification is by following two kinds of mode process:
(2-2-1) digital signal after amplifying directly accesses Programmable digital display instrument, carry out calibration test and (namely set up the digital signal value after amplifying and the regression relation between the temperature difference, generally linear relationship) obtain between digital signal and temperature difference relation, by temperature difference numerical signal being converted to reality of programming in advance, finally in Programmable digital display instrument, show temperature difference data variation in real time;
(2-2-2) digital signal after amplifying can direct connection data collector, and then be connected to computing machine, by programming with the software of data acquisition unit, by the relation input computer between temperature difference and digital signal, dynamic monitoring and the storage of the temperature difference can be realized by setting different samplings and memory cycle.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) according to the principle of the thermocouple measurement galvanic couple two ends temperature difference, measure leaf temperature relative to the temperature difference with abundant rising face, both manually Crop water deficits detection can be carried out, automatically Crop water deficits detection can also be carried out by developing software, and be connected with automatic irrigation system, send instruction to automatic irrigation system, realize the startup of irrigation system.
(2) the present invention is cheap, can monitor leaf temperature continuously, for monitoring crop water regime, carries out water deficit detection and instructs scientific application of irrigation to have great importance.
(3) by the relation between the monitoring leaf temperature lift-off value of Different Crop and crop water physical signs etc., determine the critical temperature lift-off value of Different Crop when the different bearing stage produces water deficit, mean when the blade monitored-fully the temperature difference exceedes critical temperature difference between evaporation surface and occurred water deficit, then need timely irrigation.
(4) the present invention overcomes the defect that traditional temperature difference needs Simultaneous Determination leaf temperature and air (or abundant rising thing surface), direct mensuration blade is relative to the temperature increase in abundant rising face, and thermopair precision is higher, price is relatively low simultaneously, be easy to Data acquisition and storage, meet the requirement of field-crop water deficit detection to sensor.
In sum, the present invention has the voltage difference that three kinds of modes can record crop blade face and canopy, and then obtains the temperature difference, and finally can judge the water deficit state of crop, the present invention is easy to use, and measure precisely, three kinds of modes can be selected arbitrarily.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is system architecture schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the abundant rising thing in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is for nickel chromium triangle-copper nickel (constantan) thermopair (K type or J type) the relation schematic diagram between the thermopair two ends temperature difference and electromotive force;
Fig. 4 is the relation schematic diagram between rice leaf in embodiment-abundant evaporation surface between the temperature difference and stomatal conductance.
Embodiment
Below technical solution of the present invention is described in detail, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to described embodiment.
Principle 1: Seebeck effect, namely when there being galvanic couple two ends to there is thermograde, just have electric current in loop to pass through, between the two ends of now galvanic couple, just there is electromotive force (i.e. thermopower), and in linear dependence between the numerical value of electromotive force and the two ends temperature difference.By monitoring the electromotive force at cold and hot two ends, the temperature difference of cold and hot two sections directly can be calculated.The hot junction of thermopair is fully contacted with plant leaf blade, the cold junction of thermopair is placed in the surface of fully evaporation, directly can measure leaf to be measured by this principle and raise relative to the temperature on fully rising surface.
Principle 2: a certain amount of radiation arrives behind plant top layer (such as blade), a part consumes with the transpiration of the form of latent heat by plant, a part causes the raising of plant canopy surface temperature, when there is lack of water in plant, rising used up moisture there will be decline, the energy being used for canopy intensification from energy equilibrium angle will increase, and shows as the raising of surface temperature.Therefore raise (relative to fully rising surface) situation by monitoring plant surface temperature, can be used in Crop water deficits and detect.
In addition, consider that field crops can not maintain separately a part and be in long-term abundant rising state, adopt the face of abundant rising thing 2 of a hypothesis to replace the plant of adequate water supply not lack of water here.
Embodiment 1:
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the Crop water deficits pick-up unit based on the temperature rise of thermocouple monitoring leaf of the present embodiment, comprise thermopair and abundant rising thing 2, the cold junction 1b of thermopair is placed in the top layer of abundant rising thing 2, the hot junction 1a of thermopair is affixed on tested crop blade face, the hot junction 1a of thermopair and cold junction 1b is all communicated in AD digital to analog converter 5 after producing thermopower, the other end of AD digital to analog converter 5 is connected to signal amplifier 6, and the other end of signal amplifier 6 is connected to computing machine 9 by data acquisition unit 8.
Above-mentioned abundant rising thing 2 comprises open type water receiver 21, suitable quantity of water is contained in water receiver 21, the floating foamed polystyrene board 22 covering the water surface completely on the water surface, the upper surface of foamed polystyrene board 22 and four sides are all coated with water suction nonwoven layer 23, the periphery of water suction nonwoven layer 23 is enclosed with water absorptivity gluing scrim cloth 24, and the surrounding of water suction nonwoven layer 23 and water absorptivity gluing scrim cloth 24 is all immersed in the water; And abundant rising thing 2 is placed in crop canopies height, and water receiver 21 is the rectangular parallelepiped water receiver 21 of length of side 30cm, degree of depth 10cm, and the thickness of foamed polystyrene board 22 is 5cm, the thickness of water suction nonwoven layer 23 is 2mm.
Fig. 3 is to be the conventional temperature difference of nickel chromium triangle-copper nickel (constantan) thermopair (K type or J type) and the relation of electromotive force, the thermopair two ends electromotive force data that system according to the invention collects, by the relation between the temperature difference and electromotive force, rice leaf-fully temperature difference between evaporation surface can be calculated.
Fig. 4 is the relation schematic diagram of the rice leaf-fully between evaporation surface between the temperature difference and stomatal conductance that the present embodiment measurement obtains, experimental result shows: when the rice leaf blade face temperature difference is lower, blade face stomatal conductance is in larger aperture, but after the thermopair two ends temperature difference is more than 0.7 degree Celsius, blade face stomatal conductance declines gradually, mean that water deficit has appearred in paddy rice, now its aperture of stomatal conductivity, stomatal conductance declines.Can think the blade that occurs water deficit under this test condition-fully between evaporation surface temperature difference critical value at 0.7 degrees centigrade.When measure the temperature difference that obtains more than 0.7 degree Celsius after, pour water in time.
Claims (7)
1. the Crop water deficits pick-up unit based on the temperature rise of thermocouple monitoring leaf, it is characterized in that: comprise abundant rising thing, thermopair and micro voltage measuring instrument, the cold junction of described thermopair is placed in the top layer of abundant rising thing, the hot junction of thermopair is affixed on tested crop blade face, is all communicated in micro voltage measuring instrument after the hot junction of thermopair and cold junction produce thermopower.
2. the Crop water deficits pick-up unit based on the temperature rise of thermocouple monitoring leaf according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: after the hot junction of described thermopair and cold junction produce thermopower, can also all be directly connected in AD digital to analog converter, the other end of AD digital to analog converter is connected to signal amplifier, and the other end of signal amplifier is connected to Programmable digital display instrument.
3. the Crop water deficits pick-up unit based on the temperature rise of thermocouple monitoring leaf according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the other end of described signal amplifier can also be connected to computing machine by data acquisition unit.
4. the Crop water deficits pick-up unit based on the temperature rise of thermocouple monitoring leaf according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described abundant rising thing comprises open type water receiver, water is contained in water receiver, the floating foamed polystyrene board covering the water surface completely on the water surface, the upper surface of foamed polystyrene board and four sides are all coated with water suction nonwoven layer, the periphery of water suction nonwoven layer is enclosed with water absorptivity gluing scrim cloth, and the surrounding of water suction nonwoven layer and water absorptivity gluing scrim cloth is all immersed in the water.
5. the Crop water deficits pick-up unit based on the temperature rise of thermocouple monitoring leaf according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described abundant rising thing is placed in crop canopies height, described water receiver is the rectangular parallelepiped water receiver of length of side 30cm, degree of depth 10cm, the thickness of foamed polystyrene board is 5cm, and the thickness of water suction nonwoven layer is 2mm.
6. the Crop water deficits pick-up unit based on the temperature rise of thermocouple monitoring leaf according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described thermopair is the thermopair of K type, J type or S type, and thermopair is fixedly mounted by support.
7. a detection method for the Crop water deficits pick-up unit based on the temperature rise of thermocouple monitoring leaf according to claim 1 ~ 6 any one, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) hot junction of thermopair is directly placed in blade surface to be measured, the cold junction of thermopair is directly placed in the surface of the abundant rising thing of manual simulation;
(2) when tested blade cannot ensure transpiration fully due to lack of water, leaf temperature raises, and the unrestricted temperature of evaporation of abundant rising thing is lower, produces thermopower at thermopair two ends, then obtain voltage data, whether to wane moisture by calculating and then detect tested blade; Wherein, obtain voltage data by following two kinds of modes, be specially:
(2-1) by adopting micro voltage measuring instrument directly to measure voltage readings certificate, directly calculate the temperature difference between tested blade and abundant rising thing surface according to the characteristic parameter of thermopair itself, and then carry out water deficit whether detection according to the critical temperature difference of water deficit; Wherein, the characteristic parameter of thermopair itself refers to Seebeck coefficient (μ V/ DEG C), and namely temperature often raises 1 DEG C of change in voltage brought; By the process of the direct accounting temperature difference of voltage difference refer to actual measurement to hot junction and cold junction between magnitude of voltage to obtain the temperature gap at two ends divided by Seebeck coefficient;
(2-2) by AD digital to analog converter receive survey voltage signal and be converted to digital signal, and then amplified by signal through digital signal amplifier, the digital signal after amplification is by following two kinds of mode process:
(2-2-1) digital signal after amplifying directly accesses Programmable digital display instrument, carry out the relation that calibration test obtains between digital signal and temperature difference, by temperature difference numerical signal being converted to reality of programming in advance, finally in Programmable digital display instrument, show temperature difference data variation in real time;
(2-2-2) digital signal after amplifying can direct connection data collector, and then be connected to computing machine, by programming with the software of data acquisition unit, by the relation input computer between temperature difference and digital signal, dynamic monitoring and the storage of the temperature difference can be realized by setting different samplings and memory cycle.
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| CN107505521A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-12-22 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | The passive and wireless temperature rise sensor and detection method for temperature rise of a kind of power distribution network transformer |
| CN108469434A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-08-31 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of monitoring fruit tree whether the device and method of water shortage |
| CN109000721A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-14 | 浙江农林大学 | The recognition methods at the Longjing tea mechanism process key control point based on temperture of leaves monitoring |
| CN113748867A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-07 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Precision discrimination method and system for farmland surface temperature monitoring data |
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