CN101030709A - 可再充电电池组和操作*** - Google Patents

可再充电电池组和操作*** Download PDF

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CN101030709A
CN101030709A CNA2006101729902A CN200610172990A CN101030709A CN 101030709 A CN101030709 A CN 101030709A CN A2006101729902 A CNA2006101729902 A CN A2006101729902A CN 200610172990 A CN200610172990 A CN 200610172990A CN 101030709 A CN101030709 A CN 101030709A
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battery
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小安德鲁·E·西曼
丹尼尔·C·布罗托
丹·T·特林
秦福根
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Black and Decker Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3271—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using challenge-response
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00036—Charger exchanging data with battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with provisions for charging different types of batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
    • H04L9/065—Encryption by serially and continuously modifying data stream elements, e.g. stream cipher systems, RC4, SEAL or A5/3
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/20—Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于认证具有智能型电池和电子设备的智能型电池的方法和***。使用基于通过A/D噪声位产生的密钥素材，该装置和该智能型电池产生加密随机信息串作为初始值。根据A/D噪声位产生伪随机数，其被传输到电子设备和智能型电池。通过两个装置使用该伪随机数作为密钥索引以选择单独密钥库中存储的多个密钥中的一个。该密钥或密钥素材用于执行一种加密算法。随后比较该两种编密码数据流以认证智能型电池。

Description

可再充电电池组和操作***
本国优先权情况
本申请根据35 U.S.C.§119要求2005年11月1日申请的美国临时申请60/731,857的优先权，在此结合其整个内容作为参考。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及可重新充电电池和尤其涉及在例如充电器或电动工具的电子设备上使用的智能型(smart)电池组。在一个示范性实施例中，本发明要求进行智能型电池组和充电器或工具之间的识别和认证的步骤，其作为进行其它操作的先决条件。
背景技术
用于便携式电动工具、室外工具、以及一些厨房和家用器械的电池组可包括可充电二次电池，例如可以充电而不更换的锂离子、镍镉和铅酸电池。
在工厂和在家中使用可重新充电电池的产品非常普遍。从家庭器具到电动工具，可重新充电电池用于各种不同的用途。
根据想要使用的环境，用户可以选择具有一个或多个独有特性的可重新充电电池。用户一般通过权衡由所需用途确定的很多因素，例如功率、重量、成本、安全性和其它因素，来选择特定的可重新充电电池。特别是，一些向例如电动工具的装备供电的电池的用户可能对增强电量和运行时间的电池具有独特的需要。在其它用途中，电池成本的需要可能多于加强性能的需要。从而，对于可重新充电电池用户存在很多选择，以满足各种需要和可以用于不同的用途。
因为存在很多类型和化学性质的可重新充电电池，用户对于所需用途选择适当设计的可重新充电电池是很重要的。专门设计例如电动工具和充电器的许多功率装置，以仅仅使用具有独有的化学性质和特性的可重新充电电池适当运行。
设计例如电动工具和充电器的复杂的便携式电子设备以在狭窄的限定条件下操作。随着这些装置的发展，所以就需要开发具有更复杂的智能，又名智能型电池的可重新充电电池，当向装置充电和/或供电时其能生成准确的和最佳的操作状态。不论是电动工具或充电器，没有适当设计电源，装置不大可能发挥其全部潜力。
然而，当与其它装置组合使用时，传统的电池组、充电器和工具不能执行用于认证和识别电池组的有效和安全的方法。
发明内容
在一个示范性实施例中，本发明涉及一种可再充电电池组***和操作***，其识别和认证用于相应用途和/或环境的可重新充电电池电源。
在另一个示范性实施例中，本发明涉及一种可再充电电池组***和操作***，其使用规定的加密算法来识别和认证用于相应用途和/或环境的可重新充电电池电源，该加密算法例如国家标准和技术学会(“NIST”)开发的先进加密标准(“AES”)。
在另一个示范性实施例中，本发明涉及一种可再充电电池组***和操作***，其使用具有例如128位密钥值和64或128位消息(加密的随机数)的加密方法来识别和认证用于相应用途和/或环境的可重新充电电池电源。
在另一个示范性实施例中，本发明涉及一种可再充电电池组***和操作***，其从例如8或16密钥的任意密钥程序库中选择一个或多个加密密钥来识别和认证用于相应用途和/或环境的可重新充电电池电源，也就是说通过预选消息的提取值来选择。
在另一个示范性实施例中，本发明涉及一种可再充电电池组***和操作***，其基于通过使用A/D噪声位(noise bit)产生的随机数作为初始值(seed)和异或-相加和移位算法的加密密钥，以提供伪随机数发生器(PRGN)，来识别和认证用于相应用途和/或环境的可重新充电电池电源。
在下文给出的详细说明中，本发明可应用的更多领域将会变得更加明显。应该理解，说明本发明的优选实施例的同时，详细说明和具体实例仅是用于说明目的而不打算限制本发明的范围。
附图说明
图1是示出具有可再充电电池组的多个电子设备实例的方框图；
图2是智能型电池示范性实施例的透视图；
图3是根据本发明的示范性实施例的电池充电器的透视图；
图4是与可再充电的智能型电池结合使用的电子设备(例如，充电器)组合的方框图；
图5是根据本发明的示范性实施例的识别/认证过程一部分的流程图；
图6是根据本发明的示范性实施例的识别/认证过程一部分的流程图；
图7是根据本发明的示范性实施例的识别/认证过程一部分的流程图；
图8是根据本发明的示范性实施例的识别/认证过程一部分的流程图；和
图9是根据本发明的示范性实施例的识别/认证过程一部分的流程图；
具体实施方式
参考图1，示出了根据本发明示范性实施例的各种电子设备。该***包括电子设备(例如电动工具或充电器)，以及可再充电电池组，例如智能型电池。
图1中示出的电动工具是无绳手持电动工具。这种电动工具可包括示出的无绳钻1或圆盘锯2，但也可以包括例如往复锯、打磨器和无线电设备的其它装置的广泛组合。虽然图1中示出了电动工具，但是公开的可再充电电池组和认证/识别方法，可以由使用可再充电的智能型电池的其它类型的电气装置所采用。
图2中示出的充电器20表示能够容纳和供电向可再充电的智能型电池30的电池充电器的集合。本领域周知，具有许多用于向各种其中具有独特化学性质的可重新充电电池重新充电的电池充电器。在很多情况下，在用于独特电池组的充电器中采用充电方法以保证最恰当的结果。例如，通常向第一类型可重新充电电池充电的重新充电方法在向具有不同化学性质(例如镍镉)、单元结构或其它功能特性的第二可重新充电电池充电时可能是无效的。
图4是说明根据本发明示范性实施例能够执行认证/识别协议的***组成元件之间的数据流的方框图。为了便于讨论，所描述的电子设备为充电器。然而，应该认识到，在不脱离本发明的构思的情况下，可使用具有类似界面和内部处理***的任何电子设备，尤其包括电动工具的。该电池组优选是智能型电池。
图4示出充电器40和电池组60之间连接的两个引脚连接。沿着数据总线连接部分70和72提供用于电池组60和电子设备40之间的数据通信。虽然显示了两个引线连接，但是也可以使用能够进行下述的用于由电子设备认证和识别电池组的信息通讯的其它连接配置。
充电器40包含中央处理器，例如充电器CPU 42，其能够执行多项功能，包括执行下文中陈述和解释的认证/识别过程。
充电器CPU 42首先能够基于初始值和与异步事件无关的时间产生伪随机数。该异步事件包括电子设备、电池组或其两者组合的电气环境内部发生的时间相关随机事件，例如检测到的温度输入、用户介入和半导体噪声。上述列举仅仅是说明目的。不脱离本发明构思和范围也可以利用其它事件。在A/D转换器中通过检测噪声来确定初始值。检测噪声的一个方法包括读取非零A/D通道的最小有效位和使用其作为初始值。在给定时间由于LSB值的不可预测性，所以提供不确定数。可以进一步扩展包括在产生初始值时的按照时变信号的A/D通道的过程。充电器CPU 42包含用于存储基于从A/D通道检测到的噪声的预定数目的位的初始值寄存器44。当充电器CPU 42检测到特定事件时，在特别事件时，其基于初始值寄存器44中的内容计算伪随机数。在示范性实施例中，当在两个单元之间形成电连接时，电池组60一***到充电器40中时产生伪随机数。通过“电池组***”42示意示出示范性实施例中由充电器CPU 42检测的这一事件。在一个实施例中，电池组60初始***到充电器40中时仅仅执行这步骤。然而，在不脱离本发明范围和构思的情况下起动产生伪随机数的事件可以改变。
在伪随机数产生时充电器CPU 42还能够执行CHECKSUM(检查和)操作。该CHECKSUM操作接收所产生的用于计算密钥索引的伪随机数。执行CHECKSUM的充电器CPU 42的一部分示意性地显示为元件50。可使用总伪随机数或者其部分来计算密钥索引。在一个示范性实施例中，所选择的伪随机数的位可形成密钥索引。用于基于伪随机数确定任意的密钥索引的其它变化方案是可能的。
充电器CPU 42还包含指定作为密钥存储体52的部分存储器。密钥存储体52包含至少一个，优选地大于一个用于可以加密数据流的密钥。在示范性实施例中，密钥存储体52包含多个具有相同长度的密钥，例如128位密钥。从基于伪随机数发生器45通过使用密钥索引从密钥存储体52中选择密钥保证多重安全，以确保适当认证和识别电池组60。
当从密钥存储体52中选择密钥(还称为密钥素材)时，充电器CPU 42使用用于产生数据流的加密算法加密密钥素材，该数据流最终输送到电池组60用于认证/识别。其示意性地示为元件48。在示范性实施例中，加密算法是常规的和公众可获得的称为AES的算法。
如上所述，电池组60是包含类似于充电器CPU 42的内部处理单元的智能型电池。电池组60包含电池组CPU 62，其通过连接部分70和72电连接到充电器40，依据规定事件，例如当电池组60***充电器40中时，电池组CPU的一部分执行类似CHECKSUM功能66，正如参照充电器CPU 42描述的。CHECKSUM基于通过充电器CPU 42产生的相同伪随机数和通常用于执行CHECKSUM 50。
电池组CPU 62还包含参照充电器CPU 42描述的类似于密钥存储体52的密钥存储体68。选择合适密钥索引的过程与通过充电器CPU 42执行的过程相同，更简单地说，当产生用于加密的密钥素材时，通过充电器CPU 42中的电池组CPU 62执行相同的过程。一旦从密钥存储体68中选择出密钥素材，电池组CPU62加密该选择的密钥素材并且通过总线传输加密数据流到充电器CPU 42。
最后，充电器CPU 42将来自充电器40的加密数据流以及来自电池组60的加密数据流，进行比较，用于确定是否电池组是否被适当识别/认证。如果充电器CPU 42确定加密数据流一致，则可确定电池是认证的并且开始正常的操作。相反地，如果充电器CPU 42确定加密数据流不一致，则不起动充电器40和电池组60的正常操作。在示范性实施例中，充电器CPU确定两个加密数据流是否一致，以进行最后确定电池是否认证。该最后的确定可以通过电池组CPU 62或中间处理器完成。
参考图4方框图的各种元件，下面结合图5-9的流程图来描述用于识别和加密的方法。
在进行识别/认证过程之前，发生两个单独事件。首先，充电器40连接到外接电源(未示出)。其次，***电池60，或另外连接到充电器40以形成用于数据通信的互连。
当连接充电器40和电池60时，电池中的微处理器62执行用于初始化充电过程(步骤S1)的加电常规程序。作为加电常规程序的一部分执行识别/认证过程。
类似地，充电器40中的处理器42检测时间相关事件43。在一个实施例中，处理器42将在A/D通道所有的或选择的子集的最小有效位(“LSB”)上进行连续读取。理想地用于该操作的A/D通道将符合标准，它们的值非零而且它们连接到例如温度或其它环境测量的可变源上。在单个通道多次或者多通道连续地进行LSB读取，直到获得所需的位数为止。在一个示范性实施例中，当充电器40第一次连接到外接电源时，充电器40仅仅进行A/D通道读取。其它事件可起动认证/识别步骤的开始。该LSB随后移位到具有预定或任意数的固有位单元(bit location)的初始值寄存器44中。在该实例中，消息寄存器可以是64或者128位。然而，在不脱离本发明构思和范围的情况下可以使用其它存储器配置。
反复进行A/D读取操作使得填充寄存器44中的所有或部分的位单元。在一个实施例中，如果发生其中预定数目例如4和5的连续位相等的位模式，该第四位用1进行异或运算，以保证非对称消息启动值。可以同时使用加法、乘法或表格功能的其它方法以保证非对称消息启动值。
通过使用一系列的异或-相加和移位操作，作为后台处理部分的初始值寄存器44连续地被刷新。构成这些操作以形成用于产生密钥素材的伪随机数发生器(PRNG)45。密钥素材是在识别和认证电池中用作加密/解密步骤的要点的信息。随机数发生器初始值保证了PRNG将产生具有高度平均信息量的高不可预料数。因为PRNG连续地刷新并且通过电池组***起动其输出，该输出是特别不可预料的。
一旦产生，该密钥素材将用于执行识别/认证过程。当电池组60与充电器40连接时，消息值用于询问-答复算法。该询问答复算法代表事件，其中电子设备(例如充电器或工具)有效地发送消息到电池并且该电池响应。在下文中参考附图讨论该过程的细节。因为消息的启动值和电池组***的时间是随机事件，因此能够获得消息值的高度非概率性。虽然在具体地实例中采用一种信息类型，在不脱离本发明构思和范围的情况下，可以利用用于产生密钥素材的其它类似事件。
在示范性实施例中，充电器40负责证实电池组60的认证性。或者通过电子设备在这种情况下是充电器40，或者通过电池60来启动该操作。在电池组***到电池组中时，通过将随机数输送到PRNG中(步骤S6)来实现这一操作。
通过使用先进加密标准(″AES″)算法，电池组60和充电器40均加密该数。通过处理器48和64执行该功能。AES算法是对称-密钥锁密码书写算法，其支持128位块大小和128-、192-、256-位密钥大小。该算法通过美国的国家标准和技术学会(NIST)持有并提供给公众。与AES算法有关的一个优势是通过NIST条款其对公众是免费的。该算法已经通过彻底地测试和证明。虽然在示范性实施例中使用AES算法，但是也可以使用其它密码工具和***。
在电池组60和充电器40上使用的算法将是相同的。在两个单元加密该数之后，电池60将结果返回到充电器40，该结果与充电器自己的编密码比较(步骤S11)。如果两个结果相配，则充电器向电池组充电(步骤S13)。
用于这个示范性实施例的AES算法使用128位密钥以加密该消息。对于这个的特别说明，在两单元上存储多个密钥。通过随机消息(图8)的校验或者通过随机消息任意选择的位的值(图9)来确定将使用的专用密钥。该检查和(checksum)可以是这样的检查和，该检查和与通过将在随机消息中的所有位相加或者进行或异或运算产生的密钥索引是否具有相同长度。使用多个密钥还保证不会绕过认证措施。而且，多个密钥的使用使其绕过认证措施的未经认证人员更困难。
除了图4中示出的充电器-电池组合装置以外，在图5-9中如上所述和说明的相同或类似的方法也可以用于认证和识别智能型电池组和智能型工具的组合。在该组合中，不首先认证智能型电池组是经认证的，该智能型工具将不执行功能。

Claims (14)

1.一种向智能型电池充电的方法，该方法包括：
使用通过时间相关异步随机事件确定的密钥素材产生加密随机信息串作为初始值，其中该加密随机信息串包括加密形式的随机信息串；和
将该随机信息串转移到一装置中和解密该加密随机信息串以恢复用于认证智能型电池对于操作的随机信息串，该装置与智能型电池电连接。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中该产生步骤包括在基于A/D噪声位的密钥库中存储的一个或多个任意密钥中选择密钥素材作为初始值。
3.根据权利要求2的方法，其中该产生步骤包括基于A/D噪声位计算伪随机数作为初始值。
4.根据权利要求3的方法，其中该选择密钥素材步骤包括根据该伪随机数确定密钥索引。
5.根据权利要求3的方法，其中该伪随机数至少是8位。
6.根据权利要求3的方法，其中该伪随机数至少是64位。
7.根据权利要求3的方法，其中该伪随机数至少是128位。
8.根据权利要求4的方法，其中按预定时间读取A/D噪声位之后计算的伪随机数是固定的。
9.根据权利要求4的方法，其中按不同时间间隔读取A/D噪声位之后计算的伪随机数是可变的。
10.根据权利要求1的方法，其中该产生和转移步骤当电池与电子设备的连接时发生。
11.根据权利要求1的方法，还包括：
通过使用A/D噪声位确定的密钥素材由上述装置产生第二加密随机信息串作为初始值，其中第二加密随机信息串包括以加密形式的随机信息串；和
由一装置比较第一和第二加密随机信息串，以认证智能型电池。
12.权利要求11的方法，其中该电子设备是充电器。
13.根据权利要求11的方法，其中该电子设备是电动工具。
14.一种智能型电池识别***包括：
智能型电池，其中该智能型电池包括：基于A/D噪声位可操作以产生第一加密随机信息串作为初始值的智能型电子装置，其中该加密随机信息串包括以加密形式的随机信息串；和
电子设备，具有控制器，其可操作基于A/D噪声位以产生第二加密随机信息串作为初始值并接收第一加密随机信息串以认证智能型电池；
用于将智能型电子设备电连接到该控制器上的通信总线；和
控制器可操作通过比较第一和第二加密随机信息串以认证智能型电池。
CNA2006101729902A 2005-11-01 2006-11-01 可再充电电池组和操作*** Pending CN101030709A (zh)

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CN113165156A (zh) * 2018-10-12 2021-07-23 布里格斯斯特拉顿有限责任公司 用于电力设备的电池***
CN112507359A (zh) * 2020-12-08 2021-03-16 湖南炬神电子有限公司 一种共享充电宝加解密方法和***
CN112507359B (zh) * 2020-12-08 2021-09-07 湖南炬神电子有限公司 一种共享充电宝加解密方法和***
CN116418509A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2023-07-11 圣邦微电子（北京）股份有限公司 序列号生成电路及终端对外部设备进行认证的方法

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