Take the method and apparatus of lump coal
Technical field
The invention belongs to coal-mining method and coal-cutting machinery, particularly relate to a kind of method and apparatus of taking lump coal.
Background technology
Coal-mining method commonly used at present has machine cuts and water cutting and explosive blasting etc., but it is lower to use raw coal that said method is adopted to contain the piece rate, because lump coal has wider usage range and good result of use, produce lump coal and have favorable economic benefit, those skilled in the art of the present technique are researching and developing exploitation method or the equipment that improves lump coal content always for this reason, announced on July 12nd, 1989 as Patent Office of the People's Republic of China, the patent No. is ZL87105957.6, name is called the patented technology of " walking hydraulic impulsive coal cutter ", mainly utilizes hydraulic vibration impact head and hydraulic pressure propulsion cylinder to mine; Patent Office of the People's Republic of China announces that the patent No. is ZL96100994.2 on February calendar year 2001 14, and name is called the patented technology of " coal puncher ", and the mining way that utilizes vibration to advance has proposed the continuous push structure of different method for oscillating and balance.Above-mentioned patented technology takes the equipment of lump coal all to have complex structure, and overall power and the not high characteristics of coal mining efficient are not applied in the coal mining industry.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to be to provide a kind of energy continuous high-efficient to take the method and apparatus of lump coal.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of method of taking lump coal, be parallel to the hole of offering certain depth on the coal seam of adopting the sky face, then that front end is little, terminal big extrudate mechanism pushes hole and pushes ahead, extrudate mechanism constantly exerts pressure to the coal seam around the hole in progradation, come off from the coal seam separation until lump coal, the continuous formation of hole and the continuous propelling of extrudate body mechanism reach taking continuously of lump coal.
The present invention takes the equipment of lump coal, comprise body, underpart is provided with walking mechanism, the bottom that it is characterized in that body is provided with drive unit, drive unit is provided with cantilever, and the end of cantilever is provided with support, is connected by angle-adjusting mechanism between support and the cantilever, the digging head is installed on the support, and described digging head comprises hole excavation mechanism, extrudate mechanism, adopts coal breakage collection guiding mechanism, coal seam cleaning mechanism.
According to the crisp frangible physical characteristic of raw coal, exploit out the lumpiness of hope, the exploitation method that design is following, adopt sky face direction being parallel to, the depth of excavation place that needs, in the mining height scope, adopt methods such as the extruding of water jet cutting or drilling or high frequency or its combination earlier, coal body influences the coal of removing the part under the little situation from coal body around making the stress diffusion couple, form several prefabricated holes, when the hole degree of depth reaches the size range size, little with front end, the big extrudate mechanism in rear end gives in the hole and applies extrusion stress by adopting sky face direction, mechanism constantly pushes ahead along hole with extrudate, stress constantly increases in the coal body, lumpiness up to hope is forced down from coal body, and the continuous formation of hole and the continuous propelling of extrudate mechanism reach the purpose effect of taking lump coal continuously; 1~5 of hole is advisable, and 3 the bests, the section configuration of hole can be circle, square, ellipse etc.; Extrudate mechanism can be a wedge, wedge is most advanced and sophisticated towards advancing direction, wedge is to adopting the unidirectional inclination of sky face direction, wedge is waiting that adopting the raw coal direction does not have or reversed dip, can not bear bigger extrusion stress because adopt raw coal, do not pushed adopt to sky face direction after needing the assurance wedge stressed by raw coal to be adopted, for guaranteeing that the raw coal that obtains has bigger lumpiness, the angle of wedge 1~30 degree of wedge is advisable, best angle is relevant with the raw coal kind, be the minimizing resistance that moves ahead, the wedge transverse shape is preferably identical with the hole section configuration; Adopt deeply at every turn and be advisable with 1~2 times of required lumpiness; Each mining height can determine that mining height should increase the number of prefabricated hole when increasing according to the situations such as lumpiness that coal seam conditions and hope are obtained, and extrudate mechanism also can be that circular cone or other can be to adopting the object that the sky face is exerted pressure among the present invention.
Because taking lump coal from the coal seam is to excavate out earlier less relatively hole, uses extrudate mechanism splitting raw coal then, so the present invention obtains the advantage of lump coal method is, consumes energy is few, the lump coal of taking that can continuous high-efficient can be boosted productivity again, and coal dust is little, and it is good to be difficult for producing spark safety.
But also contain piece rate height in the raw coal, may also be mixed with indivedual bigger pieces, so raw coal transportation system should the abundant display effect of ability supporting with it because institute adopts.
The equipment that the present invention obtains lump coal is:
This equipment is by digging head and organization, the digging head comprises support and hole excavation mechanism provided thereon, extrudate mechanism, adopt coal breakage and collect guiding mechanism, the coal seam cleaning mechanism, support is connected with body, body provides support for the digging head and thrust power and other miscellaneous function, support is body lifting and rotation relatively, matrix can be used the body of flitting or other form coal-winning machine, a digging head is installed at two ends respectively before and after on the body, support can be inverted to other direction and mine, being used in combination of two digging heads is more flexible, the suitable coals layer thickness is wider, can establish on the support adopt dark guiding mechanism with adjust each cut dark.
Hole excavation mechanism is made up of drive system and drill bit and drilling rod, the maximum cross dimensions of drilling rod should be less than the maximum cross dimensions of drill bit, its structure can be following several form, the one, drive drilling rod and drill bit rotation with motor, drilling rod peripheral hardware helicla flute goes out bits, the 2nd, motor drives drilling rod and drill bit rotation, vibrator drives drilling rod and drill vibration simultaneously, drilling rod peripheral hardware helicla flute goes out bits, and the 3rd, motor drives drilling rod and drill bit rotation, establishes high-pressure water jet cutting material on the drill bit, the drill pipe bore chip removal, the 4th, vibrator drives drilling rod and drill vibration, and the drill pipe bore chip removal can also be adopted the structure of creeping into of other form; As drilling rod is that helicla flute goes out bits, and then sleeve pipe leaves the slotted hole chip removal at above-below direction; Sleeve pipe supports for drill bit and drilling rod provide guiding simultaneously, and bearing also can be installed by the drill bit place.
The structure of extrudate mechanism is, behind drill bit, drilling rod peripheral hardware one sleeve pipe, sleeve pipe is less than or equal to the maximum cross dimensions of drill bit by the front end section maximum size of drill bit, the outer section of sleeve pipe should be continuously to adopting sky face direction from the front end to the rear end, waiting that adopting the raw coal direction does not tilt or reversed dip, the sleeve pipe effective length approximates the lump coal lumpiness that hope is obtained, the angle of inclination is 1~30 degree, concrete angle is determined according to ature of coal and field trial, sleeve pipe above-below direction cross dimensions is constant, and the sleeve pipe rear end is connected with support.
Adopting coal breakage collection guiding mechanism is a plow-shape plated construction, adopt coal breakage collection guiding mechanism and on a digging head, only install one, front end is installed the coal seam cleaning mechanism, the rear end is connected with support, and effect is to collect automatic collection of coal and the guiding raw coal haulage device that guiding mechanism will be adopted with constantly moving forward of coal-winning machine at the coal breakage of adopting of bottom work.
The coal seam cleaning mechanism is awl shovel shape body, and front end has tooth and to adopting short side to inclination, and the rear end is collected guiding mechanism and is connected with adopting coal breakage, effect be with the coal seam push up, base plate evens out, is beneficial to reclaim raw coal and coal mining, transportation, support apparatus moves; The coal seam cleaning mechanism is only installed one on a digging head, two digging heads coal seam cleaning mechanism of front end when work, and the coal seam cleaning mechanism in rear end, digging head upset during backhaul, two a diggings cleaning work is exchanged.
Support is extrudate mechanism, adopt that coal breakage is collected guiding mechanism, the coal seam cleaning mechanism provides support fixing, support is connected with drive unit on the body by spiral arm, drive lower carriage spiral arm rotation relatively at drive unit, effect is that fine setting coal mining direction is to adapt to the coal seam fluctuations and oppositely to mine, drive lower rotatory arm matrix rotation relatively at drive unit, effect is to adjust the coal mining height and position, and drive unit can be motor or hydraulic motor.
But extrudate mechanism, adopt coal breakage collect guiding mechanism, coal seam cleaning mechanism, support split and mutually between for one or always be the form of structure of one.
Body is made up of frame and each functional part, frame provides support fixing for each parts of installing on it, main function components has switchbox, Hydraulic Station, walking mechanism, cantilever rotary drive mechanism, ultra large coal crushing mechanism, atomizing spray dedusting mechanism etc., as adopt complete electric type of drive then not need Hydraulic Station, by the combination of motor deceleration machine, adopt high-pressure water jet cutting then need increasing water under high pressure production station as drill bit.
Switchbox detects for each motor, electromagnetic valve, sensor etc. provide electric power and control; Hydraulic Station provides power for hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor, hydraulic vibrator etc.; Walking mechanism can be advanced along track by motor alligator transmission driving arrangement; The support rotary drive mechanism can be rotated by motor screw mechanism driving arm; The cantilever rotary drive mechanism can be rotated by the Driven by Hydraulic Cylinder cantilever; The ultra large coal crushing mechanism can drive the broken coal cinder of rotation hammer mechanism by motor; Atomizing spray mechanism is made up of one group of nozzle and valve.
The equipment advantage compared to existing technology that the present invention obtains lump coal is: coal excavation apparatus energy wastage in bulk or weight is few, high production rate, service life of equipment is long, can continuous high-efficient take lump coal, coal dust is little, safety is good.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of the embodiment of the invention 2;
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of the embodiment of the invention 3;
Fig. 5 is the vertical view of the embodiment of the invention 4;
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of the embodiment of the invention 5.
The specific embodiment
Among the figure: 1 support, 2 bodies, 2.1 walking mechanisms, 3 holes excavation mechanism, 3.1 motor, 3.2 drilling rods, 3.3 drill bits, 3.4 the spiral flute, 3.5 vibrators, 3.6 chip-removal holes, 3.7 centre bore, 4 adopt coal breakage collects guiding mechanism, 5 coal seam cleaning mechanisms, 6 sleeve pipes, 7 spiral arms, 7.1 hydraulic cylinders, 7.2 angle-adjusting mechanism, 8 conveyers, the direction of arrow is the equipment traffic direction among the figure.
Embodiment 1
As Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, the digging head is by support 1, hole excavation mechanism 3, extrudate mechanism, adopt coal breakage and collect guiding mechanism 4, coal seam cleaning mechanism 5 is formed, extrudate mechanism is the sleeve pipe 6 of the hollow of wedge shape, the wide open digging machine structure 3 of installing hole on support 1, adopt coal breakage and collect guiding mechanism 4, coal seam cleaning mechanism 5, sleeve pipe 6, support 1 connects with body 2 by spiral arm 7, a digging head respectively is installed before and after on the body 2, body 2 is made up of frame and each functional part, frame provides support fixing for each parts of installing on it, main function components has switchbox, Hydraulic Station, walking mechanism 2.1, hydraulic cylinder 7.1, the ultra large coal crushing mechanism, atomizing spray dedusting mechanism etc., frame is placed on the set track in conveyer 8 both sides, the walking of equipment is finished by walking mechanism 2.1, walking power and driving wheel are installed on the frame, and engaging pin is installed on the conveyer.
Digging direction shown in the direction of arrow among the figure, anterior digging head is adopted top coal, rear portion digging head is adopted bottom coal, a digging upper-lower position exchanges during inverted running, and a digging upper-lower position adjustment is finished by hydraulic cylinder 7.1, and digging brilliance degree is adjusted by angle-adjusting mechanism 7.2.
Hole excavation mechanism 3 is made up of motor 3.1, drill bit 3.3, drilling rod 3.2, motor 3.1, and drilling rod 3.2, the quantity of drill bit 3.3 is 3 groups, and the equidistant parallel arrangement, is equipped with out bits helicla flute 3.4 on drill bit 3.3 and the drilling rod 3.2.
Sleeve pipe 6, adopt that coal breakage is collected guiding mechanism 4, coal seam cleaning mechanism 5 can be an integral structure.
The structure of sleeve pipe 6 is, behind drill bit 3.3, drilling rod 3.2 peripheral hardwares one sleeve pipe, sleeve pipe 6 is less than or equal to drill bit 3.3 maximum cross dimensionss by the front end section maximum size of drill bit 3.3, sleeve pipe 6 outer sections should be continuously to adopting sky face direction from the front end to the rear end, waiting that adopting the raw coal direction does not tilt or reversed dip, sleeve pipe 6 effective lengths approximate the lump coal lumpiness that hope is obtained, the angle of inclination is 1~30 degree, concrete angle is determined according to ature of coal and field trial, sleeve pipe 6 above-below direction cross dimensionss are constant, sleeve pipe 6 rear ends are connected with support, sleeve pipe 6 leaves the slotted hole chip removal at above-below direction, sleeve pipe 6 supports for drill bit 3.3 and drilling rod 3.2 provide guiding simultaneously, and bearing also can be installed by drill bit 3.3 places.
Coal seam cleaning mechanism 5 is an awl shovel shape, the front end horizontal direction has tooth and to adopting short side to inclination, the rear end with adopt coal breakage and collect guiding mechanism 4 and be connected, just top, coal seam, base plate are evened out when equipment is walked, be beneficial to reclaim raw coal and coal mining, transportation, support apparatus moves, the direction of digging shown in the direction of arrow in the drawings, during anterior digging mining coal seam top coal, its coal seam cleaning mechanism 5 roof cleanings, the coal seam cleaning mechanism cleaning base plate of rear end digging head, digging head upset during backhaul, two a diggings cleaning work is exchanged.
Adopting coal breakage, to collect guiding mechanism 4 be a plow-shape plated construction, fixes with support, during the coal of rear portion digging mining coal seam bottom, collects guiding raw coal haulage device with adopting the coal that falls.
Support 1 for sleeve pipe 6, hole excavation mechanism 3, adopt that coal breakage is collected guiding mechanism 4, coal seam cleaning mechanism 5 provides support fixing, support 1 is connected with body 2 by spiral arm 7, drive lower carriage 1 spiral arm 7 rotations relatively at angle-adjusting mechanism 7.2, effect is that fine setting coal mining direction is to adapt to the coal seam fluctuations and oppositely to mine, drive lower rotatory arm 7 body 2 rotations relatively at hydraulic cylinder 7.1, effect is to adjust the coal mining height and position.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 3, described hole excavates mechanism 3 by motor 3.1, drilling rod 3.2, drill bit 3.3 is formed motor 3.1, drilling rod 3.2, the quantity of drill bit 3.3 is 3 groups, and the equidistant parallel arrangement, and the center of drill bit 3.3, drilling rod 3.2 is provided with chip-removal hole 3.6, the drilling rod 3.2 outer sleeve pipes 6 that are provided with the hollow of wedge shape, sleeve pipe 6 is to adopting the sky face tilt.Other are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figure 4, described hole excavates mechanism 3 by motor 3.1, drilling rod 3.2, drill bit 3.3, vibrator 3.5 is formed, motor 3.1, drilling rod 3.2, the quantity of drill bit 3.3 is 3 groups, and equidistant parallel is arranged, the external surface of drill bit 3.3, drilling rod 3.2 is provided with spiral flute 3.4, the drilling rod 3.2 outer sleeve pipes 6 that are provided with the hollow of wedge shape, and sleeve pipe 6 is to adopting the sky face tilt.Present embodiment owing to increased vibrator 3.5 in hole excavation mechanism 3, has increased excavation efficient with respect to embodiment 1, and other are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
As shown in Figure 5, described hole excavates mechanism 3 by motor 3.1, drilling rod 3.2, drill bit 3.3, vibrator 3.5 is formed, motor 3.1, drilling rod 3.2, the quantity of drill bit 3.3 is 3 groups, and equidistant parallel is arranged, the center of drill bit, drilling rod 3.2 is provided with chip-removal hole 3.6, the drilling rod 3.2 outer sleeve pipes 6 that are provided with the hollow of wedge shape, and sleeve pipe 6 is to adopting the sky face tilt.Other are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
As shown in Figure 6, described hole excavates mechanism 3 by motor 3.1, drilling rod 3.2, drill bit 3.3, vibrator 3.5 is formed motor 3.1, drilling rod 3.2, the quantity of drill bit 3.3 is 3 groups, and equidistant parallel is arranged, and the center of drill bit, drilling rod 3.2 is provided with centre bore 3.7, and 3.7 li of centre bores are connected with water under high pressure equipment, the drilling rod 3.2 outer sleeve pipes 6 that are provided with the hollow of wedge shape, sleeve pipe 6 is to adopting the sky face tilt.Present embodiment is with respect to embodiment 1; because 3.7 li of centre bores are connected with water under high pressure equipment, water under high pressure can cut the coal seam when holing, and takes the efficient of lump coal higher; simultaneously also effectively prevent the generation of spark, coal dust, helped safety and environmental protection.Other are with embodiment 1.
The present invention is not limited to above embodiment, characteristic according to the coal seam, the inclination angle of the sleeve pipe of wedge shape can be selected between 1~30 degree, what extrudate mechanism can select the sleeve pipe of taper or other shapes for use can be to adopting the object of exerting pressure in sky face coal seam, according to production-scale size, motor, drilling rod, the quantity of drill bit can be selected between 1~5 group, and extrudate mechanism, adopting coal breakage, to collect guiding mechanism, coal seam cleaning mechanism, support also can be split-type structural or always be integral structure or the combination of integral structure each other independently separately.