CN100588728C - Method for manufacturing CuWCr composite material by using WCr alloy powder - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing CuWCr composite material by using WCr alloy powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN100588728C CN100588728C CN200710018745A CN200710018745A CN100588728C CN 100588728 C CN100588728 C CN 100588728C CN 200710018745 A CN200710018745 A CN 200710018745A CN 200710018745 A CN200710018745 A CN 200710018745A CN 100588728 C CN100588728 C CN 100588728C
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing CuWCr composite material from WCr alloy powder. The method comprises the steps as follow: mill tungsten powder and chromium powder inside a ball mill tomake the powder full alloying; then the blank is made by infiltrating with copper after suppressing and high temperature sintering the alloy. The invention is characterized in that the microscopic constitution of the composite material which is made of WCr alloy powder takes the CrW solid solution as the skeleton and takes the CrCu alloy as the matrix. The CuWCr composite material produced by themethod has the advantages of even structure, good performance, easy controlling of the production technology, high voltage proof intensity, low interception value, long arcing time and excellent arc stability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of material, relate to a kind of method of the CuWCr of manufacturing matrix material, relate in particular to a kind of method of making the CuWCr matrix material with the WCr powdered alloy.
Background technology
The method for preparing at present the CuWCr matrix material has powder metallurgic method and process for sintering and infiltration, and these two kinds of methods all are directly to prepare the CuWCr matrix material with W powder and Cr powder.The shortcoming one of powder metallurgic method is that the chromium powder reduction temperature is low, reduces insufficiently, causes material oxygen level height; Moreover the density of powder metallurgic method manufacturing tungsten chrome-copper composite materials is low, and the material mesoporosity is many, influences the hardness and the electric conductivity of material.Have in the microstructure of the CuWCr matrix material of process for sintering and infiltration preparation independently chromium mutually or tungsten exist mutually, reduced the proof voltage intensity of material.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method, homogeneous microstructure, the excellent property of the CuWCr matrix material that this method prepares with WCr powdered alloy manufacturing CuWCr matrix material.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, makes the method for CuWCr matrix material with the WCr powdered alloy, and this method is carried out according to the following steps,
The proportioning of a. pressing material requested makes its complete alloying with tungsten, chromium powder end ball milling in ball mill, forms the stellite powder;
B. will go up the stellite powder that obtains of step and make blank through mold pressing or isostatic cool pressing, the porosity of blank is controlled by the composition requirement of copper in the material requested;
C. will go up the blank that suppresses of step and insert in the sintering oven, under reducing atmosphere or vacuum tightness greater than 10
-2Be warming up to 1100 ℃～1500 ℃ under the vacuum environment of Pa, heat-up rate is not more than 25 ℃/minute, and sintering 90 minutes～180 minutes makes it sinter skeleton into;
D. will go up the blank cooling back of step after the sintering and reducing and take out, and press the content ratio of material requested and add copper billet, the blank behind the interpolation copper will be placed in the sintering oven, in reducing atmosphere or vacuum tightness greater than 10
-2Under the Pa vacuum environment, infiltration copper is 60～90 minutes when being warmed up to 1280 ℃～1350 ℃, comes out of the stove after the cooling, promptly prepares the CuWCr matrix material.
Be compared with the prior art, the present invention prepares the method for CuWCr matrix material with the WCr powdered alloy, technology is easy to control, material structure and stable performance, the microstructure of matrix material of preparation is to be skeleton with CrW sosoloid, is matrix with the CrCu alloy, has very high proof voltage intensity, low shut off value, long arc time and good arc stability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the tissue topography of the CuWCr for preparing of the inventive method, and wherein, a is the 9wt%Cr material, and b is the 12.5wt%Cr material, and c is the 20wt%Cr material, and d is 20wt%Cr (x600) material;
Fig. 2 is the tissue topography of the CuWCr of prior art process for sintering and infiltration preparation, and wherein, a is the 9wt%Cr material, and b is the 12.5wt%Cr material, and c is the 20wt%Cr material, and d is 20wt%Cr (x600) material.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
The present invention adopts traditional powder metallurgy method to make the method for matrix material tungsten powder and chromium powder, change the superfine powdered alloy of tungsten powder and chromium powder being made complete alloying into, utilize this powdered alloy again, manufacturing is a skeleton with successive CrW sosoloid, is the matrix material of matrix with the CrCu alloy.Specifically carry out according to the following steps,
At first, prepare the stellite powder,
The present invention has provided the preparation method of following a kind of stellite powder,
Tungsten powder, chromium powder are prepared in required ratio, put into ball grinder, in ball grinder, press 2～5% of tungsten powder, chromium powder total mass and add process control agent, extraordinarily go into abrading-ball by 50 times～100 of tungsten powder, chromium powder total mass, the combination of one or more in the process control agent employing easy volatile organic solvent, often select dehydrated alcohol or acetone for use, abrading-ball can be one or more in the sintered carbide ball, agate ball, Stainless Steel Ball of different sizes and ratio, and ball grinder is selected nylon or stainless steel for use; In ball grinder, charge into shielding gas or vacuumize, open the recirculated cooling water of ball grinder, the beginning ball milling, the ball milling time is 60～100 hours, until forming complete solid solution, ball milling finishes, and leaves standstill, and treats that the ball material fully cools off the back and takes out powder.
Then, the stellite powder compression is become blank, control the porosity of blank in the pressing process by the composition requirement of copper in the material requested, and sinter the blank reduction into skeleton;
At last, the cooling of the blank after the sintering and reducing of last step back is taken out, press the content ratio of material requested and add copper billet, infiltration copper is come out of the stove after the cooling under reducing atmosphere or vacuum environment, promptly prepares the CuWCr matrix material.
Embodiment 1
Tungsten powder 50%, chromium powder 50% are put into ball mill, in ball grinder, add dehydrated alcohol, add doubly by 50 of tungsten powder, chromium powder total mass and add hard alloy abrading-ball by 2% of tungsten powder, chromium powder total mass; With nitrogen the air in the ball grinder is got rid of, and will be sealed in the ball grinder, open the recirculated cooling water of ball grinder, ball milling 100 hours; Ball milling finishes, leave standstill cooling after, take out powder, obtain the stellite powder of complete alloying.
The stellite stamping of powder is become blank, by the composition requirement of copper in the material requested porosity of blank is controlled to be 10%, the blank that suppresses is inserted in the hydrogen sintering furnace, be warming up to 1100 ℃ by 15 ℃/minute speed, sintering 180 minutes makes it sinter skeleton into;
Blank after sintering and reducing cooling back is taken out, put into vacuum oven behind the copper billet of interpolation capacity, be evacuated to vacuum tightness greater than 10
-2Pa, infiltration copper when being warmed up to 1350 ℃ is incubated 60 minutes, after the cooling blank behind the infiltration copper is come out of the stove, and promptly prepares the CuW45Cr45 matrix material.
Embodiment 2
Tungsten powder 33%, chromium powder 67% are put into ball mill, add analytical pure acetone, add doubly by 80 of powder total mass and add the stainless steel abrading-ball by 4% of powder total mass in ball grinder, different diameter was by configuration in 1: 1; With argon gas the air in the ball grinder is got rid of, and will be sealed in the ball grinder; Open the recirculated cooling water of ball grinder, ball milling 80 hours; Ball milling finishes, and leaves standstill the cooling back and takes out powder, obtains the stellite powder of complete alloying.
The stellite powder is carried out isostatic cool pressing, make blank, the porosity of controlling blank by the composition requirement of copper in the material requested is 25%, in the blank vacuum sintering furnace that suppresses, is evacuated to vacuum tightness greater than 10
-2Pa is warming up to 1500 ℃ with 25 ℃/minute speed, and sintering 90 minutes makes it form skeleton;
Blank after sintering and reducing cooling back is taken out, put into the hydrogen shield stove behind the copper billet of interpolation capacity, be evacuated to vacuum tightness greater than 10
-2Pa is warming up to 1280 ℃, carries out infiltration copper, is incubated 90 minutes, after the cooling blank is come out of the stove, and promptly prepares the CuW25Cr50 matrix material.
Embodiment 3
Tungsten powder 25%, chromium powder 75% are put into ball mill, in ball grinder, add dehydrated alcohol, add doubly by 100 of powder total mass and add the agate abrading-ball by 5% of powder total mass; To slowly be evacuated to 10 in the ball grinder
-1Pa opens the water coolant of ball grinder, ball milling 60 hours; Ball milling finishes, and leaves standstill the cooling back and takes out powder, obtains the stellite powder of complete alloying.
The stellite powder is molded into blank, and the porosity of controlling blank by the composition requirement of copper in the material requested is 40%, and the blank that suppresses is inserted in the hydrogen sintering furnace, and 20 ℃/minute speed is warming up to 1450 ℃, and sintering 100 minutes makes it form skeleton;
Blank after sintering and reducing cooling back is taken out, put into vacuum oven behind the copper billet of interpolation capacity, be evacuated to vacuum tightness to 8.0 * 10
-3Pa, infiltration copper when being warming up to 1300 ℃ is incubated 80 minutes, after the cooling blank is come out of the stove, and promptly prepares the CuW15Cr45 matrix material.
Embodiment 4
Tungsten powder 20%, chromium powder 80% are put into ball mill, in ball grinder, add analytical pure acetone, add doubly by 80 of powder total mass and add the stainless steel abrading-ball by 4% of powder total mass; With argon gas the air in the ball grinder is got rid of, and will be sealed in the ball grinder; Open the recirculated cooling water of ball grinder, ball milling 80 hours; Ball milling finishes, and leaves standstill the cooling back and takes out powder, obtains the stellite powder of complete alloying.
It is 20% blank that the stellite stamping of powder is become porosity, in the blank vacuum sintering furnace that suppresses, is evacuated to vacuum tightness greater than 7.5 * 10
-3Pa is warming up to 1250 ℃ with 23 ℃/minute speed, and sintering 160 minutes makes it form skeleton;
Blank after sintering and reducing cooling back is taken out, put into the hydrogen shield stove behind the copper billet of interpolation capacity, be evacuated to vacuum tightness to 9.8 * 10
-3Pa is warming up to 1320 ℃ of infiltration copper, is incubated 75 minutes, after the cooling blank behind the infiltration copper is come out of the stove, and promptly prepares the CuWCr matrix material.
The present invention is to be skeleton with CrW sosoloid with the microstructure of the CuWCr matrix material of WCr powdered alloy preparation, is matrix with the CrCu alloy.
Fig. 1 is the tissue topography of the CuWCr for preparing of the inventive method.Its microstructure is by two phase composites, and successive white is the CrW alloy phase mutually, and black is the CrCu phase, is skeleton with successive CrW sosoloid, is matrix with the CrCu alloy.
Fig. 2 is the tissue topography of the CuWCr of prior art process for sintering and infiltration preparation.Its microstructure is made up of heterogeneous, and successive white is the CrW alloy phase mutually, and black is the CrCu phase, and more self-existent tungsten particle and chromium particle are therebetween distributing.
As can be seen, there is very big difference in the microstructure of composite of the same composition of two kinds of method manufacturings from the contrast of two figure.The CuWCr microstructure of composite that the present invention makes is tiny, is evenly distributed, and skeleton is continuous.
Claims (6)
1. the method with WCr powdered alloy manufacturing CuWCr matrix material is characterized in that this method is carried out according to the following steps,
The proportioning of a. pressing material requested makes its complete alloying with tungsten, chromium powder end ball milling in ball mill, forms the stellite powder;
Tungsten powder, chromium powder are prepared in required ratio, put into ball grinder;
In ball grinder, press 2～5% of tungsten powder, chromium powder total mass and add process control agent, extraordinarily go into abrading-ball by 50 times～100 of tungsten powder, chromium powder total mass, described process control agent is the easy volatile organic solvent;
In ball grinder, charge into shielding gas or vacuumize, open the recirculated cooling water of ball grinder, the beginning ball milling, the ball milling time is 60～100 hours, and until forming complete solid solution, ball milling finishes, leave standstill, treat that the ball material fully cools off the back and takes out powder, obtain the stellite powder;
B. will go up the stellite powder that obtains of step and make blank through mold pressing or isostatic cool pressing, the porosity of blank is controlled by the composition requirement of copper in the material requested;
C. will go up the blank that suppresses of step and insert in the sintering oven, under reducing atmosphere or vacuum tightness greater than 10
-2Be warming up to 1100 ℃～1500 ℃ under the vacuum environment of pa, heat-up rate is not more than 25 ℃/minute, and sintering 90 minutes～180 minutes makes it sinter skeleton into;
D. will go up the blank cooling back of step after the sintering and reducing and take out, and press the content ratio of material requested and add copper billet, the blank behind the interpolation copper will be placed in the sintering oven, in reducing atmosphere or vacuum tightness greater than 10
-2Under the Pa vacuum environment, infiltration copper is 60～90 minutes when being warmed up to 1280 ℃～1350 ℃, comes out of the stove after the cooling, promptly prepares the CuWCr matrix material.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described process control agent is dehydrated alcohol or acetone.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described abrading-ball adopts a kind of in the agate ball of the sintered carbide ball of different sizes or different sizes, or adopts the sintered carbide ball and the agate ball of different sizes and different ratios.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described ball grinder is nylon or stainless steel.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the shielding gas that charges in the described ball grinder is nitrogen or argon gas.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the mechanical milling process, the ball grinder outer wall adopts the recirculated water cooling all the time.
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| CN200710018745A CN100588728C (en) | 2007-09-26 | 2007-09-26 | Method for manufacturing CuWCr composite material by using WCr alloy powder |
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| CN200710018745A CN100588728C (en) | 2007-09-26 | 2007-09-26 | Method for manufacturing CuWCr composite material by using WCr alloy powder |
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101736285B (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2011-11-09 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Copperizing solvent and preparation method thereof |
| CN101798643B (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2011-06-01 | 西安理工大学 | Tungsten-copper alloy prepared from copper-cerium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN102321816A (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-01-18 | 西安理工大学 | Method for preparing CuWCr composite material through electric arc melting and infiltration method |
| CN102560185A (en) * | 2012-01-19 | 2012-07-11 | 中北大学 | Cu(Mo)/Al2O3 composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102760597B (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2014-11-26 | 西安理工大学 | Preparation method of CuW (Copper Tungsten) and CuCr (Copper Chromium) integrated material used for high voltage electric contact |
| CN105420535A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-23 | 中北大学 | High-performance Cu-based multi-phase composite material and preparation method thereof |
| EP3395475A1 (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2018-10-31 | Bleistahl-Produktions GmbH & Co KG. | Component produced by powder metallurgical means |
| CN107321992A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-11-07 | 东莞市华航新马金属有限公司 | The powder metallurgy molding production technology of metal slide fastener tooth |
| CN109317683B (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2021-09-07 | 西安理工大学 | Preparation method of carbide-reinforced multilayer board for chute |
| CN109837442B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-09-25 | 北京工业大学 | Preparation method of nanocrystalline tungsten-copper-based composite material co-doped with metal element Ti/Cr and hard phase WC in situ |
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Non-Patent Citations (4)
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| CuCr系合金材料制造工艺的新进展. 王强，梁淑华，范志康.材料导报，第14卷第8期. 2000 |
| CuCr系合金材料制造工艺的新进展. 王强，梁淑华，范志康.材料导报，第14卷第8期. 2000 * |
| 机械合金化法制备CuWCr复合材料及其真空电击穿性能的研究. 赵玮兵.西安理工大学硕士学位论文. 2007 |
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