CN100551253C - Make the method for edible artificial casing of the collagen protein enzymolysis fiber - Google Patents
Make the method for edible artificial casing of the collagen protein enzymolysis fiber Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of making edible artificial casing of the collagen protein enzymolysis fiber, this method successfully uses protease that the animal corium with protein active is carried out appropriate hydrolysis process, to obtain fine and smooth collagen long fibre, and rub by classification, high pressure reels off raw silk from cocoons, the mixed treatment step that waits, make more sectionalization of collagenous fibres, more soft, and it is rectangular to obtain vertical collagenous fibres, interlacing machine by ring-type is with the collagenous fibres knitting forming, with the ammonia typing, drying and qualitative processing again made seamless transparent, the thin soft tubulose casing of wall, the casing that this method is produced mainly contains the collagenic protein of 50～60 weight portions, and enough compressive resistances are arranged, when the sausage production application, phenomenon can not occur tearing, also obtain good edibility and palatability, the performance that casing possessed is specially adapted to medium-to-high grade Western Sausage and High-Speed Automatic sausage filler uses.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of a kind of processing method of meat-eating race, particularly sausage casing foil.
Background technology
Existing edible casing has two kinds usually, natural casing and Collagent casing for sausages.Natural casing generally be by the intestines of domestic animals and fowls after processing is handled, the casing that directly draws.Because the output of poultry intestines is little, the casing product of producing just still less, and the quality instability of natural casing mainly shows aspects such as health and application specification.Along with the development of society, natural casing can not satisfy the sausage production of present high speed far away.Utilize the collagen fabric that is rich in the animal skins to make casing, not only raw material sources are extensive, as pig, ox, horse, sheep, fish, dog and rabbit etc., all be the raw material of making edible collagen sausage-casing, and the products obtained therefrom steady quality, and can require to produce different application specification according to the making of sausage.The patented technology that relevant collagen casing is made had a large amount of reports abroad, as: United States Patent (USP) 3,123,482 (1964); 3,123,653; 3,346,402; 3,535,125,4,196,223 (1980.4); European patent 0143512A1 or the like, and the technology application has been tending towards ripe.Understanding to the manufacturing technology of collagen casing is just to grow up over past ten years at home.At present, the patented technology of relevant collagen casing only has: 96122253.0; 95107528.4; 97112636.4; 9511618.4 in 7 pieces of documents, and be applied to the one piece of patent documentation that only has Wuzhou casing factory to declare of collagen casing production, other patent documentation only rests in the academic research, does not have relevant application practice.
Carry out inducing classification by technical characterstic to these Collagent casing for sausages preparation methods, can be divided into two big classes: a kind of is to extract thick long collagenous fiber bundle from animal splitting layer, as the skeleton that constitutes casing, behind the formation pipe, the casing production method that dryness finalization forms is called the physics typing method.This technical method speed of production comparatively fast, grasp more easy to operate, made casing has significant advantage as Guangdong style sausage on some is used, mainly show good " visible peristalsis visible intestinal peristalsis " and gloss.But because it is comparatively slightly long to constitute the collagenous fibres of casing, in making as Western-style class sausages such as hot dog intestines, sootiness intestines, crisp sausage and boiling class intestines, when shortening is heated, the violent contraction can be taken place, the damp and hot intensity of casing reduces simultaneously, very easily burst, be unfavorable for sausage production so the casing breakage rate is higher, thereby influenced the range of application of this series products in market by meat stuffing.How to be applied to the air-dry sausage class as " Guangdong style sausage " etc.In addition, the casing quality that this production method is produced is thicker, and it is thicker to become after shortening is subjected to thermal contraction, makes that casing is difficult to chew, and does not have good palatability.Simultaneously, because casing wall thickness matter is hard, is not suitable for High-Speed Automatic sausage filler yet and uses.
Another kind is to extract very short collagenous fibres from the animal hide, after " colloidization ", finalizes the design with chemical method through extrusion modling, and the dry then method that forms casing claims " chemical style-setting method ".Because the rubber cement of this method " colloidization " is when forming casing, wet casing is very weak, need carry out sizing and solidifying by the external application chemical solution in casing, so the Quality Control Technology requirement is very high, and speed of production is slower.The casing that these class methods are made has excellent application performance energy and palatability: can not occur tearing phenomenon and excess shrinkage phenomenon when sausage is made application.But because this type of casing constitutes, so only can produce the casing of small-bore (below the Ф 30mm), because when being used to make the heavy caliber sausage, this type of casing can't bear meat stuffing and record the power of bringing with shortening of bursting, so also be restricted when using in market.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of making edible artificial casing with the collagen protein enzymolysis fiber, it should be able to solve the weak point of above-mentioned physics typing method and chemical style-setting method, goes out the casing of high-quality for contribution to society.
Making step of the present invention is as follows.
(1), fresh or salted animal hide; (2), deburring depilation; (3), softening classification; (4), protease hydrolytic; (5), classification is rubbed; (6), mix; (7), high pressure reels off raw silk from cocoons; (8), composition modulation; (9), the vertical collagen filament length bar of preparation; (10), knitting forming; The typing of (11), ammonia; (12), drying; (13), washing are qualitative; The control of (14), casing moisture content; (15) packing.
The casing that said method is made is characterized in that the composition of this casing and weight portion thereof comprise: 50～60 parts of collagens, 18～23 parts of moisture content, 10～14 parts of glucomannans, 14～16 parts of D-sorbites.
The present invention has successfully used protease the animal skin bit with protein active to be carried out the hydrolysis process of appropriateness, to obtain fine and smooth collagen long fibre, thereby reduced the degree of shrinkage of made casing, and by collagenous fibres being carried out the classification rubbing, high pressure mechanical treatment such as reel off raw silk from cocoons, make the casing of braiding gained fine and close more, casing production efficiency is had significantly improve, also promoted casing each side physicochemical property when using effectively.In addition, casing is formed rational proportion by adding auxiliary materials such as Glucomannan, D-sorbite, with ammonia method such as finalize the design, can make casing have some special application performance as easily chew, the casing glossiness is good etc.The casing quality softness that this production method is produced, wall is thin, enough compressive resistances are arranged, when the preparation sausage is used, can not go out to tear phenomenon, be applicable to the production as all kinds of Chinese and Western sausages such as Guangdong style sausage, hot dog intestines, crisp sausage, sootiness intestines, the advantage that has kept " physics typing method " and " chemical style-setting method " to be had simultaneously also is specially adapted to the use of High-Speed Automatic sausage filler.
The specific embodiment
One, the preparation of cladding
(1) deburring, depilation
Will be from the slaughterhouse or the fresh or salted cladding fetched of tannery, through the arrangement deburring, remove sirloin limit and trick position cladding.In 16 ℃ clear water, clean and soaked overnight, remove sarcolemma then and weigh.Skin by 100～150 parts of fleshings, 330 parts water, 4.5 after the ratio of the sodium of lime white of part and 3.2 parts sulfuration is mixed, placed discharge opeing 24 hours, with clear water bathing 5 minutes, the sodium hydroxide solution that adds dilution stirred 5 minutes, left standstill 1 hour, and hair, hair follicle are removed in the washing back, obtain the hide that is rich in collagenous fibres, for next step preparation collagenous fibres silk is prepared.
(2) softening, classification
With above-mentioned ready hide washed several times with water, add 0.5% ammonium sulfate then and soak 2 hours (the skin liquor ratio is 1: 4), discharge opeing.After repeating single treatment, washed several times with water drains again.To different sources, the hide of different parts and different thickness is classified, and is divided into the skin bit of 10 * 10cm size.
Two, the hydrolysis process of protease
The skin bit that classification is good is put into the container that band stirs, with 40～50 ℃ hot-water soaks 30 minutes.Draining, add 0.01～0.04% bromelain and the mixed liquid of 0.01～0.05% pepsin in 1: 5 ratio of skin liquor ratio, be to handle 18 hours under 22～23 ℃ the condition in PH4.0, temperature, protein enzyme solution is drained, add the water agitator treating for several times, used 0.1% soaking through sodium carbonate again 6 hours, stop the reaction of enzyme cladding, washed several times with water drains.
Three, classification is rubbed
With the above-mentioned skin bit of handling well, add 0.4% the citric acid and the aqueous solution of 0.5% natrium citricum, the skin liquor ratio is 1: 4, and the PH of regulator solution 4.6 soaked 16 hours, has suffered journey and keeps pH value in 4.5～4.7 scope, after finishing, removes solution.Wash with water 2 times, each 15 minutes, drain the water, divide three grades of Ф 20mm, Ф 8mm and Ф 3.5mm orifice plate to rub cladding, thereby obtain the collagenous fibres grain.
Four, mixed
With the collagenous fibres grain, put into the container that band stirs, it is mixed to add water, regulates its water content to 85～87%, and pH value is 3.0～3.5.
Five, high pressure reels off raw silk from cocoons
With the mixture of above-mentioned preparation, it is as follows to make it become tiny long filament shape fiber principle with the high pressure spinning machine: mixture is earlier by having the seam shape frid that width is 0.5mm, and then the circular port of the pin hole shape by 0.5mm, and it is thread that collagenous fibres are formed.
Six, composition is regulated
Collagenous fibres with the silk thread shape, put into blender, add 10% glucomannans, auxiliary materials such as 3% D-sorbite (percentage of above each material is all calculated with the collagenous fibres dry), to determine the composition of last made casing, mixed make institute add auxiliary material in collagenous fibres, evenly to distribute, and to regulate the mixture pH value be 2.0～2.5 that this moment, made collagenous fibres dry matter content was 5～9%.
Seven, the vertical collagen filament length bar of preparation
With the mixture of above-mentioned preparation, make collagenous fibres become the thread bundle of vertical arrangement collagen fibers again with the high pressure spinning machine.
Eight, knitting forming
Collagenous fiber bundle is woven into cast by the woven endless machine with collagenous fibres, and fiber and fiber interlacing angle are 45～60 °, and braiding makes casing that good dried, wet strength be arranged like this.
Nine, ammonia typing
In type wet casing, finalize the design rapidly with ammonia and Air mixing gas, make wet casing that higher bearing strength be arranged, being beneficial to casing can carry out in the operation drying of back smoothly, the use of ammonia can be located to use simultaneously in the casing pipe, use cold air and ammonia mixed air in the casing pipe, it is good that the casing pipe uses the mixed air of heated drying air and ammonia outward.
Ten, drying
The casing of having finalized the design is dry under inflated condition, and this process and above-mentioned operation are continuous.The dry wind of dry casing is the dry-heat air by cold dehumidification treatments, and temperature is 65～70 ℃.
11, washing, qualitative
After casing to be inflated is removed most moisture content, wash, remove the salt that remains in the casing surface on the casing surface.But then with the mixed liquid shower of 5% D-sorbite, 0.1% edible cellulose CMC and 0.5% egg albumin, increasing the performance of casing when the sausage production application, as: flexibility, low-shrinkage etc., the PH that regulates casing simultaneously is 6.2～6.8.
12, moisture content control
Through the casing of above-mentioned processing, also must the drying heated-air drying also control suitable moisture content, the general final moisture content of casing is controlled at 18～24% and is advisable.The casing wall thickness that makes finished product is generally 0.02～0.03mm.
13, take out the folding packing
Drying gained casing can directly be taken out and be converted into tube, is used for the use of high speed bowel lavage machinery, and the bunchy of also can reeling is used for special sausage processing.
Collagen casing Main Ingredients and Appearance and the weight portion thereof produced by the present invention comprise:
Collagen 50～60%
Moisture content 18～23%
Glucomannans 10～14%
D-sorbite 14～16%.
The casing that this law is produced be seamless, bore is unified, the uniform soft matter of thickness is thin is transparent tubulose, is applicable to the making production of all kinds of Chinese and western sausages, and excessive contraction and fracture phenomena can occur that in sausage is made good palatability is arranged.
Embodiment: will put in order Zhang Xinxian or salted ox-hide, and, remove the sarcolemma rim charge through the arrangement deburring.Weigh and get ox-hide or other skin class 500kg, add 1300kg water, the vulcanized sodium of 17.5kg lime white and 12.6kg intermittently stirs, handled 24 hours, and washed 5 minutes with flowing water then, draining was soaked 1 hour with 1.5%NaoH solution again, after the washing, remove hair, impurity such as hair follicle.
After the cladding washing with above-mentioned processing, soaked 2 hours with 0.5% ammonium sulfate, the skin liquor ratio is 1: 4.Totally 2 times, washed several times with water then is again with the cladding classification and be divided into the skin bit of 10 * 10cm size.With 50 ℃ of hot-water soaks 30 minutes, draining.100 parts skin bit adds 500 part of 0.02% bromelain and the mixed liquid of 0.03% pepsin, is hydrolyzed and handles 18 hours.Have suffered the journey conditional request: temperature is 23 ℃, and the liquid pH value remains on 4.0.After disposing, washed several times with water added 0.1 soaking through sodium carbonate 6 hours then, and washing drains.Added the immersion of 0.4% citric acid and 0.5% natrium citricum 16 hours and kept the solution pH value in 4.6 scopes.The after washing that finishes drains.Divide three grades of Ф 20 with skin bit, Ф 8mm and Ф 3.5mm orifice plate rub.
With the collagen grain of gained, it is mixed to add water, and regulating its PH is 3.3, and water content is 87%, mixed 3 hours.With the collagenous fibres material high pressure spinning machine of gained, make collagenous fibres become tiny silk thread shape, add 10% glucomannans, 3% D-sorbite, grease auxiliary materials such as (all calculating with the dried matter of collagenous fibres) mix, and to regulate pH value be 2.3, and dry matter content is 7%, mixed 4 hours.
With compound, use the high pressure spinning machine again, the filament of collagenous fibres being made vertical arrangement is rectangular.Braider with ring-type is woven into seamless body with the collagenous fibres silk, then with ammonia typing, drying, and at casing pipe outer wall shower 5% D-sorbite, and 0.1%CMC and 0.5% egg albumin mixed liquor, and adjusting casing pH value is 6.5.
With the dry casing water content to 20% of dry wind, the casing wall thickness that makes finished product is generally 0.02～0.03mm, takes out folding or the packing of reeling, and obtains the collagen casing product.
The composition and the weight portion thereof of this collagen casing comprise:
55 parts of collagens, 20 parts of moisture content, 13 parts of grape mannosans, 15 parts of D-sorbites.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of method of making edible artificial casing with the collagen protein enzymolysis fiber is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
The hydrolysis process step of protease, the skin bit that classification is good is put into the container that band stirs, with 40～50 ℃ hot-water soaks 30 minutes, draining adds 0.01～0.04% bromelain and the mixed liquid of 0.01～0.05% pepsin in 1: 5 ratio of skin liquor ratio, in PH4.0, temperature is to handle 18 hours under 22～23 ℃ the condition, protein enzyme solution is drained, add the water agitator treating for several times, used 0.1% soaking through sodium carbonate again 6 hours, stop the reaction of enzyme cladding, washed several times with water drains;
Step is rubbed in classification, with the above-mentioned skin bit of handling well that drains, and the citric acid of adding 0.4% and the aqueous solution of 0.5% natrium citricum, the skin liquor ratio is 1: 4, and the PH of regulator solution is 4.6, soaks 16 hours, haveing suffered journey keeps pH value in 4.5～4.7 scope, after finishing, remove solution, wash with water 2 times, each 15 minutes, drain the water, divide three grades of Φ 20mm, Φ 8mm and Φ 3.5mm orifice plate to rub cladding, thereby obtain the collagenous fibres grain;
The high pressure step of reeling off raw silk from cocoons, the collagenous fibres grain is added water mix and stir the mixture of making, make it become tiny filament fiber with the high pressure spinning machine: mixture is earlier by having the seam shape frid that width is 0.5mm, and then the circular port of the pin hole shape by 0.5mm, and it is thread that collagenous fibres are formed;
The composition regulating step, collagenous fibres with the silk thread shape, put into blender, add auxiliary material, described auxiliary material calculates with the collagenous fibres dry, includes 10% glucomannans, 3% D-sorbite, to determine the composition of last made casing, mixed make institute add auxiliary material in collagenous fibres, evenly to distribute, and to regulate the mixture pH value be 2.0～2.5 that this moment, made collagenous fibres dry matter content was 5～9%;
Prepare vertical collagen filament length bar step, the mixture with the preparation of composition regulating step makes collagenous fibres become the thread bundle of vertical arrangement collagen fibers again with the high pressure spinning machine;
The knitting forming step, collagenous fiber bundle is woven into cast by the woven endless machine with collagenous fibres, and fiber and fiber interlacing angle are 45～60 °, and making the finished product wall thickness is 0.02～0.03mm;
The ammonia fixating shape step, in type wet casing, the mixed air of input cold air and ammonia in the casing pipe, casing pipe are in outward in the mixed air of heated drying air and ammonia finalizes the design;
Drying steps, the casing of having finalized the design carry out drying under inflated condition, this process and previous step are continuous suddenly, and the dry wind that blows to casing is the dry-heat air by cold dehumidification treatments, and temperature is 65～70 ℃;
Washing, qualitative step, after casing to be inflated is removed most moisture content, wash on the casing surface, removal remains in the salt on casing surface, but use the mixed liquid shower of 5% D-sorbite, 0.1% edible cellulose CMC and 0.5% egg albumin then, to increase the performance of casing when the sausage production application, the PH that regulates casing simultaneously is 6.2～6.8.
2, a kind ofly as claimed in claim 1ly make the collagen casing that the method for edible artificial casing is produced, it is characterized in that the composition of this casing and weight portion thereof comprise with the collagen protein enzymolysis fiber:
50～60 parts of collagens,
18～23 parts of moisture content,
10～14 parts of glucomannans,
14～16 parts of D-sorbites.
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| CN101461544B (en) * | 2009-01-14 | 2013-02-13 | 中山市百德富肠衣有限公司 | Collagen protein sausage casing produced from gelatinization skin material and method for producing the same |
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| CN103937861A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-23 | 天津市赛宁生物工程技术有限公司 | Collagen containing long segment fibers |
| CN107439656A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-12-08 | 北京秋实农业股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of high meat adhesive collagen casing and high meat adhesive collagen casing |
| CN108208107A (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-06-29 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of konjaku glucomannan artificial casing and preparation method thereof |
| CN113016850A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-06-25 | 山东海奥斯生物科技有限公司 | Method for producing collagen casing by using pigskin |
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