CN100538761C - Built-in intelligent fault diagnosing device and method based on the data fusion pattern-recognition - Google Patents
Built-in intelligent fault diagnosing device and method based on the data fusion pattern-recognition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of built-in intelligent fault diagnosing device and the method that belong to track traffic intelligent fault diagnosis technical field based on the data fusion pattern-recognition.Described built-in intelligent fault diagnosing device based on the data fusion pattern-recognition comprises hardware configuration and software configuration composition; Trouble-shooter adopts DSP microprocessor at a high speed, by multi-buffer and the streamline mechanism that its high-speed data is handled, forms a kind of distributed monitoring disposal system, i.e. upper and lower machine two-level microcomputer structure.In conjunction with sensor group information based on the data fusion pattern-recognition, by multiple neural network local diagnosis and decision level fusion pattern-recognition intelligent fault diagnosis mechanism, realize the function of data storage, graphic presentation and remote data transmission, finish the fault diagnosis task.In time find the incipient fault of train critical equipment, guarantee the security and the reliability of train critical equipment work, improve efficiency of operation and safety guarantee to greatest extent.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to track traffic intelligent fault diagnosis technical field, particularly a kind of built-in intelligent fault diagnosing device and method based on the data fusion pattern-recognition.Be applicable to that particularly key equipment is numerous, baroque rail transit train (comprising safe escape door, car door, traveling portion, trailer system, brake system and cab signal system etc.), undesired signal complex failure diagnostic system.
Background technology
Both at home and abroad accident statistical analysis shows: vehicle, signal, track and electric power system etc. are to cause the critical equipment of track traffic accident, especially with the vehicle that the concerns passenger's life security most important thing especially.Vehicle is formed the harmfulness maximum after the fault by numerous key equipments (safe escape door, car door, traveling portion, trailer system, brake system and cab signal system etc.).This harmfulness is particularly outstanding in urban track traffic.Although urban rail transit in China has been disposed a large amount of supervisory systems, bringing into play vital role aspect the guarantee operation security.But, because shortage causes and can't provide effective safety guarantee for operation integrated real-time monitoring, fault diagnosis, hidden danger early warning, maintenance and the emergent decision support technique of critical equipment such as vehicle.Having become the bottleneck that development of restriction urban rail transit in China and efficient improve, is the difficult point problem that raising efficiency of operation and safety guarantee must solve.
The beginning of the seventies, just the begin one's study robotization overall treatment of data of the military establishment of the U.S., 1973, US Department of Defense subsidized and has developed sonar signal understanding system, and the data fusion technology has obtained embodiment the earliest in this system.After this, the data fusion technology is flourish, not only at C
3Adopt multiple sensors to come acquisition of information in the I system as far as possible, and also develop towards the direction of multisensor in fields such as Industry Control and management.
Over nearly 20 years, information fusion technology more and more is subjected to people's common concern.Western developed country is quite paid attention to information fusion technology, and its research is very rapid with application development, just moves towards Application and Development from proof of concept.Since nineteen thirty-seven, US Congress classifies it as one of 21 gordian techniquies that U.S. national defense had material impact always, and drops into huge fund aspect Study on Information Fusion Technique.Some adopt the military system of information fusion technology also to succeed in developing in succession.Successful research of information fusion another one and application are intelligent robots, and sensing system integrated information, environment-identification that intelligent robot need dependence itself make decisions.
And being applied to the track traffic fault diagnosis field, information fusion technology becomes a kind of trend.In fault diagnosis, various information should be made full use of, and a kind of information should be only be confined to.Because from the diagnostics angle, any diagnostic message all is that blur, coarse.Any diagnosis object, list reflects that with one side information its state behavior all is incomplete, has only the multidimensional information that obtains from many aspects about same target, and is merged utilization, could carry out more reliable diagnosis more accurately to equipment.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of built-in intelligent fault diagnosing device and method based on the data fusion pattern-recognition.
Described built-in intelligent fault diagnosing device based on the data fusion pattern-recognition comprises hardware configuration and software configuration composition;
Hardware configuration comprises data acquisition module and flush bonding module.Data acquisition module is responsible for finishing the task of data acquisition, signal Processing, 1～n signal gathering unit is connected with center processing unit PC104 by the CAN bus interface, signal gathering unit directly is fixed on the main position of train key equipment, finish fault diagnosis, demarcation and the calibration of sensor, the train apparatus working status parameter is gathered, the feature extraction and the CAN bus communication of signal; Center processing unit is the built-in PC that adopts the PC104 bus, center processing unit is positioned at the monitoring center of equipment, be connected with liquid crystal display, keyboard and storage device, CAN interface, adapter respectively, by network and remote server communication, mainly finish the processing of acquired signal, the judgement and the warning of duty, and fault diagnosis work.
Described software configuration adopts modular design, have data pre-service, historical data network training, networked knowledge base carries out network reasoning, the fault explanation function comprises that mainly monitor database, monitoring, alarming module, fault diagnosis module, CAN communication module and network communication module are by database management module and fault diagnosis module communication.
Described PC104 is a kind of industrial-controlled general line that defines for embedded Control specially, come down to a kind of IEEE-P996 standard of compact, its signal definition and PC/AT basically identical, but it is electric fully different with mechanical specification, be embedded system a kind of optimization, small-sized, nesting structural embedded control, fabulous vibration resistance is arranged.PC104 embedded computer series of modules is a whole set of low cost, high reliability, can be configured to the structurized module of product rapidly.Satisfied the requirement of system's vibration resistance and reliability.
Described signal gathering unit comprises sensor, signal condition, AD conversion, DSP or MCU, digital quantity input module, FLASH memory.
Described monitoring, alarming module is divided into 3 grades according to the difference of the concrete abominable degree of duty with warning.1 grade of warning: just point out, equipment can also be worked a period of time in this case; 2 grades of warnings: require to pay close attention to the development of fault, but do not need to handle immediately; 3 grades of warnings: this level is reported to the police, should carry out emergency processing immediately.
Described network reasoning, fault explains it is to realize by the multiple neural network diagnostic module, this module comprises three big modules: data level Fusion Module, the parallel multiple neural network local diagnosis module of feature level and decision level fusion diagnostic module, be based on data fusion pattern-recognition intelligent fault diagnosis mechanism, utilize the fusion of data on different levels (or rank) to carry out fault diagnosis.For carrying out fault diagnosis, needed major parameter obtains from the test-bed monitoring by multisensor, and process D/A and A/D conversion are transformed to digital signal and are input to monitoring and the diagnosis of carrying out system in the computing machine.On the feature level, adopt 3 parallel BP (back propagation) neural networks that structure is identical.Fault diagnosis module when work, the data of the slave computer collection of monitor database are taken out and carry out pre-service, as the input quantity of neural network, the output quantity of neural network is represented the result of fault diagnosis.
Described built-in intelligent fault diagnostic method based on the data fusion pattern-recognition, it is characterized in that, described built-in intelligent fault diagnosis is to adopt DSP microprocessor at a high speed, multi-buffer and streamline mechanism by its high-speed data processing, form a kind of distributed monitoring disposal system, in conjunction with sensor group information based on the data fusion pattern-recognition, realize fault Decision Fusion method by multiple neural network local diagnosis and decision level fusion pattern-recognition intelligent fault diagnosis mechanism, step is as follows:
1) data acquisition and deposit database in;
2) read characteristic from database;
3) whether judging characteristic extracts and finishes, if do not finish, then returns step 2; If finish, then execution in step 4;
4) characteristic that reads is sent into neural network, carry out that multiple neural network is trained, reasoning, localization of fault;
5) read the network that trains and connect weights, carry out computational grid output;
6) calculating is merged in any two neural networks output;
7) fusion results and the 3rd network are merged;
8) step 7 fusion diagnosis result is judged whether continue diagnosis, if, then return step 1, repeating step 1～7, otherwise finish.
Three layers of the most basic BP algorithm are adopted in described multiple neural network local diagnosis, and decision level merges the local diagnosis result of BP network.
Described is upper and lower machine two-level microcomputer structure based on data fusion.Wherein, slave computer is the task that data acquisition module is responsible for finishing data acquisition, signal Processing, comprises the output signal of pick-up transducers and the pre-service of sensing data; And host computer is embedded center processing unit, realizes the function of data storage, graphic presentation and remote data transmission.In addition, adopt advanced Embedded System Structure, realize the function of data storage, graphic presentation and remote data transmission, finish the fault diagnosis task
What the present invention proposed has favorable expansibility based on data fusion pattern-recognition built-in intelligent fault diagnostic techniques, be fit to very much large-scale distributed system, and monitor in the numerous train safe application of key equipment, understand and grasp the state in each equipment running process in real time, information comprehensive analysis and processing to each side, overcome the one-sidedness and the uncertainty that exist in the present failure diagnostic process, thereby set up the sensor group information fusion model based on the data fusion pattern-recognition of fault diagnosis, and realization fault Decision Fusion method, assurance obtains more comprehensively, failure diagnosis information more accurately, the early detection fault, ascertain the reason, improve the security and the reliability of equipment work, improve equipment operation condition, improve the service efficiency of equipment to greatest extent, guarantee the security and the reliability of train critical equipment work, improve efficiency of operation and safety guarantee to greatest extent.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a hardware structure diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a software architecture diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a software program flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the diagnostic system structural drawing of fault diagnostic module based on data fusion method;
Fig. 5 is the diagnostic routine process flow diagram.
Embodiment
Comprise hardware and software based on data fusion pattern-recognition rail transit train built-in intelligent fault diagnosing device, hardware and software all adopts the function modoularization design, and hardware configuration comprises data acquisition module and flush bonding module as shown in Figure 1.Be made up of signal gathering unit and center processing unit, wherein signal gathering unit comprises sensor, signal condition, AD conversion, DSP or MCU, digital quantity input module, FLASH memory and CAN bus interface.Signal gathering unit directly is fixed on each main position of train key equipment, finishes fault diagnosis, demarcation and the calibration of sensor, and the train apparatus working status parameter is gathered, the feature extraction and the CAN bus communication of signal.Center processing unit adopts the built-in PC of PC104 bus, PC104 is a kind of industrial-controlled general line that defines for embedded Control specially, come down to a kind of IEEE-P996 standard of compact, its signal definition and PC/AT basically identical, but it is electric fully different with mechanical specification, be embedded system a kind of optimization, small-sized, nesting structural embedded control, fabulous vibration resistance is arranged.PC104 embedded computer series of modules is a whole set of low cost, high reliability, can be configured to the structurized module of product rapidly.Satisfied the requirement of system's vibration resistance and reliability.Center processing unit is positioned at the monitoring center of equipment, mainly finishes the processing of acquired signal, the judgement and the warning of duty, and work such as fault diagnosis.
Trouble-shooter adopts DSP microprocessor at a high speed, by multi-buffer and the streamline mechanism that its high-speed data is handled, forms a kind of distributed monitoring disposal system, i.e. upper and lower machine two-level microcomputer structure.Wherein, data acquisition module is responsible for finishing the task of data acquisition, signal Processing, comprises the output signal of pick-up transducers and the pre-service of sensing data; And flush bonding module is realized the function of data storage, graphic presentation and remote data transmission.In addition, adopt advanced Embedded System Structure, realize the function of data storage, graphic presentation and remote data transmission, finish the fault diagnosis task.Adopt this built-in intelligent fault diagnostic techniques, can satisfy the requirements such as speed, volume, power consumption of system, thereby improve the security and the reliability of equipment work, improve the service efficiency of equipment to greatest extent.
Fig. 2 is the software configuration of invention, and software systems mainly comprise monitor database, monitoring, alarming module, fault diagnosis module, CAN communication module and network communication module composition.
Fig. 3 is the software module program flow diagram.The software module program circuit is at first to carry out CAN, netinit, to the reading of data pre-service, call in the networked knowledge base reasoning, but fault location? if fault can be located then display result, otherwise enable remote diagnosis? be then to carry out remote diagnosis, not that then by the probability column reason that is out of order, and display result is carried out the fault parameter storage.The tracing trouble parameter is carried out monitoring, alarming, and the monitoring, alarming module adopts one-parameter Threshold Alerts and multi-parameter comprehensive analysis warning dual mode to carry out the forecast of current system state according to current sensor signal.It is that the Monitoring Data of single duty parameter and the nominal situation threshold value of its setting are compared that one-parameter is reported to the police, and carries out classifying alarm according to the difference of difference degree; The multiparameter warning is at first carried out normalization with the monitor value of several crucial duty parameters, carries out comprehensive fault diagnosis then, provides system-level state indication.The monitoring, alarming module is divided into 3 grades according to the difference of the concrete abominable degree of operating mode with warning.1 grade of warning: just point out, equipment can also be worked a period of time in this case; 2 grades of warnings: require to pay close attention to the development of fault, but do not need to handle immediately; 3 grades of warnings: this level is reported to the police, should carry out emergency processing immediately.
Fault diagnosis module, the complicacy of device structure make its fault have characteristics such as multi-stratification, fuzzy and uncertainty, and native system requires to be implemented in radiodiagnosis x, so fault diagnosis module has adopted the neural network diagnostic model.Fault diagnosis module when work, the data of the slave computer collection of monitor database are taken out and carry out pre-service, as the input quantity of neural network, the output quantity of neural network is represented the result of fault diagnosis.At first neural network is carried out training study, the state parameter that is about to the specific fault correspondence is as sample, set up more full sample storehouse, with all samples neural network is trained then, so just the knowledge in the sample storehouse form with network can be stored in the connection weight of neural network, at last, just can finish fault diagnosis by the calculating of neural network input quantity.The model that neural network adopted in the fault diagnosis mostly is the BP model greatly, and this mainly is owing to BP Study of model comparative maturity, use reliable.
Fig. 4 is the diagnostic system of fault diagnostic module based on data fusion method.This system comprises three big modules: data level Fusion Module, the parallel multiple neural network local diagnosis module of feature level and decision level fusion diagnostic module; The data level Fusion Module mainly carries out multi-sensor data collection and feature extraction.For carrying out fault diagnosis, needed major parameter obtains from the test-bed monitoring by multisensor, and process D/A and A/D conversion are transformed to digital signal and are input to monitoring and the diagnosis of carrying out system in the computing machine.On the feature level, adopt 3 parallel BP (back propagation) neural networks that structure is identical.The BP neural network is ripe at present neural network, and the present invention adopts three layers of the most basic BP algorithm; Decision level merges the local diagnosis result of BP network, obtains final diagnostic result.The diagnostic routine flow process as shown in Figure 5.Step is as follows:
1) data acquisition and deposit database in;
2) read characteristic from database;
3) whether judging characteristic extracts and finishes, if do not finish, then returns step 2; If finish, then execution in step 4;
4) characteristic that reads is sent into neural network, carry out that multiple neural network is trained, reasoning, localization of fault;
5) read the network that trains and connect weights, carry out computational grid output;
6) calculating is merged in any two neural networks output;
7) fusion results and the 3rd network are merged;
8) step 7 fusion diagnosis result is judged whether continue diagnosis, if, then return step 1, repeating step 1～7, otherwise finish.
Claims (8)
1. the built-in intelligent fault diagnosing device based on the data fusion pattern-recognition is characterized in that, described built-in intelligent fault diagnosing device based on the data fusion pattern-recognition comprises hardware configuration and software configuration composition;
Described hardware configuration comprises data acquisition module and flush bonding module, data acquisition module is responsible for finishing the task of data acquisition, signal Processing, signal gathering unit 1-n, be connected with center processing unit PC104 by the CAN bus interface respectively, signal gathering unit directly is fixed on the main position of train key equipment, finish fault diagnosis, demarcation and the calibration of sensor, the train apparatus working status parameter is gathered, the feature extraction and the CAN bus communication of signal; Center processing unit is the built-in PC that adopts the PC104 bus, center processing unit is positioned at the monitoring center of equipment, be connected with liquid crystal display, keyboard and storage device, CAN interface, adapter respectively, by network and remote server communication, mainly finish the processing of acquired signal, the judgement and the warning of duty, and fault diagnosis work;
Described software configuration adopts modular design, have data pre-service, historical data network training, networked knowledge base carries out network reasoning, the fault explanation function comprises that mainly monitor database, monitoring, alarming module, fault diagnosis module, CAN communication module and network communication module are by database management module and fault diagnosis module communication;
Described network reasoning, fault explains it is to realize by the neural network diagnostic module, this module comprises three big modules: data level Fusion Module, the parallel multiple neural network local diagnosis module of feature level and decision level fusion diagnostic module, be based on data fusion pattern-recognition intelligent fault diagnosis mechanism, utilize the fusion of data on different levels to carry out fault diagnosis; For carrying out fault diagnosis, needed major parameter obtains from the test-bed monitoring by multisensor, process D/A and A/D conversion are transformed to digital signal and are input to monitoring and the diagnosis of carrying out system in the computing machine, on the feature level, adopt 3 parallel BP (back propagation) neural networks that structure is identical, during fault diagnosis module work, the data of the slave computer collection of monitor database are taken out and carry out pre-service, as the input quantity of neural network, the output quantity of neural network is represented the result of fault diagnosis; Wherein BP is the abbreviation of backpropagation.
2. according to the described built-in intelligent fault diagnosing device of claim 1, it is characterized in that described PC104 is a kind of industrial-controlled general line that defines for embedded Control specially based on the data fusion pattern-recognition.
3. according to the described built-in intelligent fault diagnosing device of claim 1 based on the data fusion pattern-recognition, it is characterized in that described signal gathering unit comprises sensor, signal condition, AD conversion, DSP or MCU, digital quantity input module, FLASH memory.
4. according to the described built-in intelligent fault diagnosing device of claim 1, it is characterized in that described monitoring, alarming module is divided into 3 grades according to the difference of the concrete abominable degree of duty with warning based on the data fusion pattern-recognition; 1 grade of warning: just point out, equipment can also be worked a period of time in this case; 2 grades of warnings: require to pay close attention to the development of fault, but do not need to handle immediately; 3 grades of warnings: this level is reported to the police, should carry out emergency processing immediately.
5. according to the described built-in intelligent fault diagnosing device of claim 1 based on the data fusion pattern-recognition, it is characterized in that, described neural network diagnostic module also comprises a kind of fault diagnosis expert system FNN-FD-ES based on fuzzy neural network, make full use of the characteristics of expert system ES and fuzzy neural network FNN, be responsible for symbol by ES and handle; FNN is responsible for numerical evaluation, finishes knowledge acquisition, reasoning work.
6. built-in intelligent fault diagnostic method based on the data fusion pattern-recognition, it is characterized in that, described built-in intelligent fault diagnosis is to adopt DSP microprocessor at a high speed, multi-buffer and streamline mechanism by its high-speed data processing, form a kind of distributed monitoring disposal system, in conjunction with sensor group information based on the data fusion pattern-recognition, realize fault Decision Fusion method by multiple neural network local diagnosis and decision level fusion pattern-recognition intelligent fault diagnosis mechanism, step is as follows:
1) data acquisition and deposit database in;
2) read characteristic from database;
3) whether judging characteristic extracts and finishes, if do not finish, then returns step 2; If finish, then execution in step 4;
4) characteristic that reads is sent into neural network, carry out multiple neural network training, reasoning, localization of fault;
5) read the network that trains and connect weights, carry out computational grid output;
6) calculating is merged in any two neural networks output;
7) fusion results and the 3rd network are merged;
8) step 7 fusion diagnosis result is judged whether continue diagnosis, if, then return step 1, repeating step 1～7, otherwise finish.
7. according to the described built-in intelligent fault diagnostic method based on the data fusion pattern-recognition of claim 6, it is characterized in that three layers of the most basic BP algorithm are adopted in described multiple neural network local diagnosis, decision level merges the local diagnosis result of BP network.
8. according to the described built-in intelligent fault diagnostic method of claim 6 based on the data fusion pattern-recognition, it is characterized in that, described is upper and lower machine two-level microcomputer structure based on data fusion, wherein, slave computer is the task that data acquisition module is responsible for finishing data acquisition, signal Processing, comprises the output signal of pick-up transducers and the pre-service of sensing data; And host computer is embedded center processing unit, realizes the function of data storage, graphic presentation and remote data transmission; In addition, adopt advanced Embedded System Structure, realize the function of data storage, graphic presentation and remote data transmission, finish the fault diagnosis task.
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