Silver/silver/silver chloride powder solid electrode and preparation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to silver/silver/silver chloride powder solid electrode and manufacture method thereof, belong to biomedical and electrochemical sensor field, be applicable to bio electricity record and electric stimulation electrode, and the electrochemistry reference electrode.
Background technology
Silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrode is a kind of common reference electrode, and it is big to have an exchange current density, is difficult for polarization, and impedance is low, the constant advantages such as (the DC drift are smaller) of electrode potential.Because its detection of biological signal of telecommunication accurately, the sophisticated as a comparison electroencephalogram of Ag/AgCl electrode in actual applications, electromyogram and Electrocardiographic recording electrode have been widely used in the brain electro-detection, and EMG detection and electrocardio detect.Common Ag/AgCl electrode adopts the method for electrochemistry chlorination or direct chlorination to make, this type of electrode in use, its surperficial AgCl film weares and teares easily, and then has influenced the stability and the service life of electrode.
Silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) powder solid electrode has silver and silver chloride granules high degree of dispersion structure, and its Ag-AgCl interface increases greatly.Silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) coating electrode, its major advantage is: 1) anti-polarization jamming performance is strong, and electrode potential stability is high; 2) make things convenient for machining to form the electrode of different shape; 3) do not have the surface abrasion problem, polishing can generate new electrode surface.These characteristics make silver/silver/silver chloride powder solid electrode can accurately measure the bio electricity weak signal.
Along with the fast development of new medical skill, the demand of the reliable silver/silver chloride electrode of precision is increased day by day.Carry out the measurement of vision or auditory evoked potential with it, can reduce noise, improve signal to noise ratio.Because the mutual conversion of the convenient Ag-AgCl of silver/silver/silver chloride powder solid electrode is suitable not only as electric stimulation electrode but also as the bio electricity recording electrode, so it is the first-selected electrode of bioelectrical impedance tomography (EIT) system.Silver/silver/silver chloride powder solid electrode still is the vitals of biofeedback rehabilitation instrument, and these instruments are used for apoplexy, the rehabilitation of diseases such as hyperkinetic syndrome.
Because silver/silver chloride solid electrode has high strength and is easy to processing characteristics, be used for special environment than glass silver/silver chloride reference electrode is more suitable, be applicable in the solution system of chloride ion, as the reference electrode in sea water and special chemical environment.
Because the application of silver/silver/silver chloride powder solid electrode constantly enlarges the demand of disclosed silver/silver/silver chloride powder solid electrode manufacture method incompatibility different application.With the present invention two near-earth patent documents are mutually arranged.United States Patent (USP) (United Stated Patent, 4324680) a kind of silver/silver/silver chloride powder solid electrode material method is disclosed, be with little silver-colored granule and hydrochloric acid reaction, or in little silver-colored granule the logical gas that contains chlorine, by chemical reaction little silver-colored particle surface is formed one deck silver chloride coating, the powder solid electrode is produced in moulded section again.The shortcoming of this method is that technology contains corrosive medium, and the silver chloride difficult quality of its generation is controlled accurately and easily.And the drift of the electrode potential of report reaches 20-250 μ V/ minutes.The method of another disclosed Chinese invention patent (CN 1227524C) is silver, silver chloride and trim micropowder to be mixed be pressed into electrode slice.Silver chloride mixes to mill through silver nitrate and solid potassium chloride to be made, and with solution system reacting phase ratio, its reaction is slow.This invention is used at the electrochemical measurement in briny environment, and its trim composition makes it be not suitable for being applied to Biomedical Instruments and uses.
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above, the present invention proposes the manufacture method of a silver/silver/silver chloride powder solid electrode material, and described method can generate chlorination argentum powder quickly, and Dispersion of Particles is good, and quality is controlled easily.The present invention also proposes the silver/silver/silver chloride powder solid electrode of the adaptation different application that makes with above-mentioned electrode material.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is: a kind of preparation method of electrode material of silver/silver/silver chloride powder solid electrode, argentum powder is dispersed in the silver nitrate aqueous solution, under agitation add chloride aqueous solution then, obtain argentum powder and silver chloride admixed finepowder, the admixed finepowder drying, moulded section, sintering makes silver/silver/silver chloride powder solid electrode material.
Described argentum powder is the argentum powder of particle diameter<100 micron.
The mass ratio of silver chloride is 1:0.05-1:3.5 in above-mentioned argentum powder and the silver chloride aqueous solution.
Above-mentioned villaumite is potassium chloride, sodium chloride or ammonium chloride.
The concentration of above-mentioned silver nitrate aqueous solution at 0.05 mole to saturated concentration; The concentration of chloride aqueous solution be 0.05 mole to saturated concentration, the molar concentration rate of silver nitrate aqueous solution and chloride aqueous solution is 1:7-7:1.
The present invention behind the sintering, carries out chemistry or electrochemical treatments to the admixed finepowder Moulding and shaping again, makes silver/silver/silver chloride powder solid electrode material.
Described chemical treatment is to handle to dilute hydrochloric acid solution or the hypochlorous acid solution soaking of 1.0M with 0.01M; Described electrochemical treatments is in the solution of chloride ion-containing, handles (polarization potential be-0.55 to 0.6V) with potentiostatic method, or handles (processing electric current 0.01-1.0mA/cm with galvanostatic method
2), or handle with triangular wave electric potential scanning or square wave potential pulse, its handle current potential-0.5 and 0.8V between.Above-mentioned current potential is relative standard calomel electrode (SCE) current potential.
The present invention also provides a kind of silver/silver/silver chloride powder solid electrode, comprise the electrode material (electrode cores) with measurement face, the insulating barrier that is coated on electrode material surface and the lead that electrically connects with electrode material, wherein electrode material measurement face exposes outside insulating barrier, form and measure passage, its key is: the electrode material that described electrode material makes for said method of the present invention.
Above-mentioned electrode material electrically connects by filamentary silver and lead, and filamentary silver and connecting wire contact are enclosed in the insulating barrier.
The present invention can generate chlorination argentum powder quickly with said method, and Dispersion of Particles is good, and quality is controlled easily.Electrode material with said method is made can be used for being made into less electric stimulation electrode, as 0.09cm
2To 0.50cm
2Size, they can be by big relatively electric current density (as 10mA/cm
2) and can not produce polarization.Can be applicable to needs to use the smaller electrode area and the occasion of higher current density.And the myoelectricity stimulating electrode of the common usefulness of prior art is the electric silica gel thin slice, and area is bigger, is unfavorable for optionally stimulated muscle and nerve.The superior place of another of electrode of the present invention is that measurement noise is low, is beneficial to low frequency signal especially and measures.Because the special microstructure of electrode material, their equilibrium electrod potential is very stable, and Fig. 3 has compared a pair of silver/silver/silver chloride powder solid electrode current potential and silver/silver chloride coating electrode current potential concerns over time.Obviously see easily that a pair of silver/silver/silver chloride powder solid electrode current potential quite stable only has the variation (Fig. 4) of 27 μ V in 12 hours.
The electrode that the present invention makes has the electrochemical interface of high degree of dispersion, makes its strong anti-interference performance, and electrode potential stability is high, conveniently is machined into the electrode of different shape.This electrode can be accurately the detection of biological signal of telecommunication reliably, can be used as electro-medical stimulating electrode and bio electricity recording electrode; Also can be used as the electrochemistry reference electrode.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sketch map of silver/silver/silver chloride powder solid electrode of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the sketch map of silver of the present invention/silver/silver chloride powder solid electrode material (electrode cores).
Fig. 3 is for scheming monitoring Ag/AgCl coating electrode (●) and Ag/AgCl powder solid electrode of the present invention (▲) current potential-time response in the 0.01M pH buffer saline at room temperature.
Fig. 4 is an Ag/AgCl powder solid difference in Electrode Potential of the present invention-time response curve, as can be seen its electrode potential in 12 hours changing value less than 27 μ V.Among the figure " _ _ _ " be excursion.
The specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of silver/silver/silver chloride powder solid electrode, comprise the electrode material 1 (electrode cores) with measurement face 5, the insulating barrier 4 that is coated on electrode material 1 surface and the lead 3 that electrically connects with electrode material 1, wherein the measurement face 5 of electrode material 1 exposes outside insulating barrier 4, form and measure passage, described electrode material can be according to making for method provided by the invention such as embodiment 1-3.
Above-mentioned electrode material 1 electrically connects by filamentary silver 2 and lead 3, and filamentary silver 2 is enclosed in the insulating barrier 4 with lead 3 interfaces.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment one. get the AgNO of 1.2g
3(analytical pure) is dissolved in the distilled water, is made into the silver nitrate aqueous solution of concentration 0.02M, and the Ag powder (mean diameter 80 μ m) of getting 10g joins in the silver nitrate aqueous solution, and stirring is uniformly dispersed it and obtains Ag/AgNO
3Dispersion.The aqueous solution that the NaCl (analytical pure) of 0.4g is made into 0.1M joins in the Ag/AgNO3 dispersion under the state that stirs.Stop to stir after the reaction end, the clear liquid of getting the upper strata detects with silver nitrate and potassium chloride whether excessive chloride ion and silver ion are arranged respectively, anhydrates layer with the distilled water cleaning, up to there not being excessive reactive ion to occur if there is excessive ion then to incline.The hypsokinesis layer that anhydrates, with reacted product in baking oven with about 80 ℃ temperature oven dry.The ratio of Zhi Bei Ag/AgCl approximately is that mass ratio is 1:0.1 like this, and amounting to mol ratio is that 1:0.07. uses 2500kg/cm with the powder and the thin filamentary silver that make in mould
2Pressure be pressed into as shown in Figure 2 the electrode material that is embedded with filamentary silver 21, with its sintering in high-temperature electric resistance furnace, heating up causes to 300 ℃ of sintering 10 minutes.Filamentary silver 2 is encapsulated with lead 3 welding with epoxy resin 4.(1Hz) oxidation is 5 minutes for 0.1V to 0.5V, SCE with triangular wave in the HCl of 0.5M with this electrode.
Embodiment two: the AgNO that gets 3.5g
3(analytical pure) is dissolved in the distilled water, is made into the silver nitrate solution of the about 0.5M of concentration, gets 1g Ag powder (mean diameter is 1 μ m, 99.95%) and is dispersed in the silver nitrate solution system with blender.Make dispersed uniform.NH with 1.1g
4The solution that Cl (analytical pure) is made into 0.2M is added drop-wise to Ag/AgNO at the state that stirs with Dropping funnel
3In the dispersion.The following step is with embodiment one.The ratio of Zhi Bei Ag/AgCl approximately is that mass ratio is 1:3 like this.The powder and the thin filamentary silver that make are used 7500kg/cm in mould
2Pressure be pressed into as shown in Figure 2 the electrode material that is embedded with filamentary silver 21, sintering is 5 minutes in 430 ℃ electric furnace.Again filamentary silver 2 is encapsulated with lead 3 welding with epoxy resin 4.With this electrode in the NaCl of 0.10M with constant potential reduction (-0.1V, SCE) 5 minutes.
Embodiment three. get the AgNO of 2.4g
3(analytical pure) is dissolved in the silver nitrate aqueous solution that is made into concentration 0.05M in the distilled water, gets 1g Ag powder (mean diameter is 1 μ m, 99.95%) and is dispersed in the silver nitrate solution system with blender.Make dispersed uniform.The KCl (analytical pure) of 1.05g is made into the KCl aqueous solution of concentration 0.3M, joins in the Ag/AgNO3 dispersion with Dropping funnel at the state that stirs.The following step is with embodiment one.The ratio of Zhi Bei Ag/AgCl approximately is that mass ratio is 1:2 like this, and amounting to mol ratio is 1:1.5.The powder and the thin filamentary silver that make are used 4500kg/cm in mould
2Pressure be pressed into as shown in Figure 2 the electrode material that is embedded with filamentary silver 21, sintering is 15 minutes in 250 ℃ electric furnace.Again filamentary silver 2 is encapsulated with lead 3 welding with epoxy resin 4.
Embodiment four. get the AgNO of 2.0g
3(analytical pure) is dissolved in the silver nitrate aqueous solution that is made into concentration 0.1M in the distilled water, gets 5g Ag powder (mean diameter is 25 μ m, 99.95%) and is dispersed in the silver nitrate solution system with blender.Make dispersed uniform.The KCl (analytical pure) of 1.4g is made into the KCl aqueous solution of concentration 0.3M, slowly joins in the Ag/AgNO3 dispersion at the state that stirs.The following step is with embodiment one.The ratio of Zhi Bei Ag/AgCl approximately is that mass ratio is 1:0.5 like this.The powder and the thin filamentary silver that make are used 5500kg/cm in mould
2Pressure be pressed into as shown in Figure 2 the electrode material that is embedded with filamentary silver 21, sintering is 10 minutes in 400 ℃ electric furnace.This electrode (core) is immersed in the chemical treatment solution, it is the HClO that contains 0.1 mole of HCl and 0.014 mole again
3Aqueous solution.At last filamentary silver 2 is encapsulated with lead 3 welding with epoxy resin 4.
The electrode potential of the electrode of making of said method is very stable, compares with silver/silver chloride coating electrode commonly used, and the current potential drift is very little, as shown in Figure 3.Their drift only had 27 μ V in 12 hours, per hour drift is seen Fig. 4 less than 15 μ V.