CN100526211C - Method for preparing hydrogen gas - Google Patents
Method for preparing hydrogen gas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100526211C CN100526211C CNB2007100348857A CN200710034885A CN100526211C CN 100526211 C CN100526211 C CN 100526211C CN B2007100348857 A CNB2007100348857 A CN B2007100348857A CN 200710034885 A CN200710034885 A CN 200710034885A CN 100526211 C CN100526211 C CN 100526211C
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- produce
- gas
- nitric acid
- aluminium
- aluminium block
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparing method of hydrogen gas, which comprises the following steps: eliminating film of oxide of aluminium block; immersing into HgCl2 solution; taking-up until surface exposes cinereous; getting aluminium block with film of aluminum amalgam on the surface; putting the aluminium block into vessel of loose azotic acid with density <=1.6mol/L; producing colorless hydrogen gas.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to chemical, fuel technology field, particularly belong to a kind of method for preparing hydrogen.
Background technology
In technical field of chemistry and chemical engineering, as everyone knows, nitric acid is acid with strong oxidizing property, it and metal or reductive agent effect are the products that nitrogen element N is reduced into various low-oxidation-state, specifically obtain which kind of product or based on which kind of product, the concentration that not only depends on nitric acid itself also depends on the person's character and the temperature of reaction of reductive agent.
When concentration of nitric acid was big, nitric acid and reactive aluminum also can produce hydrogen, that is:
Al+H
+→H
2+Al
3+
But the hydrogen that is produced does not also have enough time to overflow, and just by nitric acid oxidation, nitric acid itself then is reduced into NO
2, that is:
H
2+HNO
3→H
2O+NO
2
When concentration of nitric acid reduced, nitrogen peroxide was further reduced, and product is nitrogen protoxide, nitrous oxide, nitrogen, hydrazine, ammonia etc.Therefore, for a long time, in theory with the experiment in, nitric acid is generally believed to produce hydrogen with reactive aluminum.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has broken through the confinement of prior art theory, has overcome technical difficulty, provides a kind of nitric acid and aluminium to produce chemical reaction and prepares the method for hydrogen.
The method for preparing hydrogen of the present invention comprises the step of following order:
(1), obtains the aluminium block of surface with the aluminium amalgam film earlier with aluminium block deoxidation film and after carrying out chemical treatment;
(2) surface is put into the aluminium block of aluminium amalgam film the container that concentration is less than or equal to rare nitric acid of 1.6mol/L is housed, just produce colourless hydrogen, the chemical equation of this process is:
2Al(Hg)+6HNO
3＝＝＝2Al(NO
3)
3+3H
2↑+2Hg
The chemical treatment in above-mentioned (1) step can comprise the step of following order again:
(1) aluminium block is immersed in the NaOH solution earlier, treat to take out aluminium block when its surface has bubble to emerge and water washes out alkali lye, the chemical equation of this process is:
Al
2O
3(Al)+2NaOH+3H
2O＝＝＝2Na[Al(OH)
4]+Al
(2) immerse HgCl again after washing the above aluminium block that obtains after in NaOH solution, handling with water most alkali lye
2In the solution, treat to take out when its surface presents grey black, promptly obtain the aluminium block of surface with the aluminium amalgam film, the chemical equation of this process is:
2Al+3HgCl
2＝＝＝2AlCl
3+3Hg
Al+Hg===Al (Hg) (aluminium amalgam)
By the method for above-mentioned steps provided by the invention, can realize by nitric acid and reactive aluminum and produce hydrogen, and can produce following positively effect: (1) good reliability, success ratio height; (2) pharmaceutical chemicals, material are easy to get, weak point consuming time; (3) simple operation, safety; (4) instrument, device are simply; (5) help theoretically with experiment in fully realize the chemical property of aluminium and nitric acid, for how accurately grasping and apply in a flexible way these rules and provide new experimental basis for production, life and scientific research service better; (6) start new hydrogen production process, can be widely used in technical fields such as fuel, chemical industry, organic synthesis.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below by specific embodiment.
Embodiment one: get an aluminium foil and earlier it is carried out the processing of deoxidation film, striping is handled and also can be adopted sand paper that aluminium foil is polished, and be to adopt aluminium foil is rolled in the back immersion NaOH solution in the present invention, see when its surface has bubble to emerge and to take out aluminium foil and water washes out alkali lye, the chemical equation of this process is:
Al
2O
3(Al)+2NaOH+3H
2O＝＝＝2Na[Al(OH)
4]+Al
The aluminium foil that will remove oxide film then immerses HgCl again
2In the solution, take out when the face of seeing Table presents grey black and put it into that concentration is housed is in the rare nitric acid of 1.6mol/L, promptly have colourless gas to produce, this gas is met the nondiscoloration of air color, but it is slower to produce the speed of gas bubbles.This gas has the detonation of combustibility, reductibility and the impure hydrogen of pure hydrogen.The chemical equation of this process is:
2Al+3HgCl
2＝＝＝2AlCl
3+3Hg
Al+Hg===Al (Hg) (aluminium amalgam)
2Al(Hg)+6HNO
3＝＝＝2Al(NO
3)
3+3H
2↑+2Hg
Embodiment two: its reaction conditions is identical with embodiment one with reaction process, and difference is that the concentration of rare nitric acid is 0.07mol/L.By experimental result as seen, have colourless gas to produce fast, this gas is met the nondiscoloration of air color, and it is fast than embodiment one to produce gas bubbles speed.This gas has the detonation of combustibility, reductibility and the impure hydrogen of pure hydrogen.Chemical equation is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: its reaction conditions is also identical with embodiment one with reaction process, and difference is that the concentration of rare nitric acid is 0.01mol/L.By experimental result as seen, have colourless gas to produce, this gas is met the nondiscoloration of air color, and it is slow than embodiment two to produce gas bubbles speed.This gas has the detonation of combustibility, reductibility and the impure hydrogen of pure hydrogen.Chemical equation is also identical with embodiment one.
Principle of the present invention is as follows:
Though nitric acid is generally believed and can not be produced hydrogen with reactive aluminum for a long time, yet, although in acidic medium the electrode potential data suggest
Ion is a quite strong oxygenant, but the kinetics reason causes its reaction in diluted acid generally all very slow.Owing to can promote the N-O bond rupture, dense HNO after the oxygen adduction proton
3Be that stronger oxygenant and speed of reaction are faster than rare nitric acid on thermodynamics.Therefore, follow the reduction gradually of concentration of nitric acid
Oxidation capacity weaken gradually, speed of reaction reduces, the hydrogen that is produced is reduced by the chance of nitric acid oxidation thereupon, the speed that causes producing hydrogen is accelerated gradually.
When concentration of nitric acid was reduced to a certain degree, the generating rate of nitrogen peroxide was very slow, the quantity of generation seldom, NO
2The probability that obtains the electronics of metallic aluminium reduces.At this moment
Oxidation capacity obviously weaken then aluminium and H
+The hydrogen quilt that reaction produces
The possibility of oxidation is just little a lot.So the main reduzate of nitric acid no longer is the lower valency compound or the nitrogen of nitrogen, and obviously is H
+Reduzate: hydrogen.
Prove by experiment, when aluminium foil of handling without mercuric chloride solution and different concns nitric acid reaction, no hydrogen produces, and does not also almost see tangible reacting phenomenon during when the fine aluminium sheet and less than the 4mol/L nitric acid reaction, and can produce hydrogen with rare nitric acid effect through the aluminium flake that mercuric chloride solution soaked.Find also in the experiment that the peak concentration that can produce the nitric acid of hydrogen with reactive aluminum is 1.6mol/L, and produce hydrogen when the fastest the concentration of nitric acid be 0.07mol/L.
Below the experimental result table of attached aluminium and nitric acid reaction:
The aluminium foil that subordinate list 1 was handled without mercuric chloride solution and the experimental phenomena of different concns nitric acid reaction
| Concentration of nitric acid (mol/L) | Experimental phenomena | Conclusion |
| 6.00 | Produce colourless gas, this gas is met the air color and is become reddish-brown; The match wood of lighting is placed on the test tube mouth, no explosion; It is slower that bubble produces speed. | There is NO to produce no H 2Produce |
| 5.50 | Produce colourless gas, this gas is met the air color and is become reddish-brown; The match wood of lighting is placed on the test tube mouth, no explosion; It is slower that bubble produces speed. | There is NO to produce no H 2Produce |
| 5.00 | Colourless gas produces, and this gas is met the nondiscoloration of air color; The match wood of lighting is placed on the test tube mouth, no explosion; It is extremely slow that bubble produces speed, just collects about 4mL gas behind the 4h. | No H 2Produce |
| 4.50 | It is extremely slow that bubble produces speed, collects less than 1mL gas behind the 12h. | No H 2Produce |
| 4.00 | Do not have obvious phenomenon, long period of soaking is collected less than gas. | No H 2Produce |
The aluminium foil that table 2 was handled through mercuric chloride solution and the experimental phenomena of different concns nitric acid reaction
| Concentration of nitric acid (mol/L) | Experimental phenomena | Conclusion |
| 6.00 | Produce a large amount of colourless gas rapidly, this gas is met the air color and is become reddish-brown; The match wood of lighting is placed on the test tube mouth, no explosion. | There is NO to produce no H 2Produce |
| 5.50 | Produce a large amount of colourless gas rapidly, this gas is met the air color and is become reddish-brown; The match wood of lighting is placed on the test tube mouth, no explosion. | There is NO to produce no H 2Produce |
| 5.00 | Colourless gas produces, and this gas is met the nondiscoloration of air color; The match wood of lighting is placed on the test tube mouth, no explosion. | No H 2Produce |
| 4.50 | Colourless gas produces, and this gas is met the nondiscoloration of air color; The match wood of lighting is placed on the test tube mouth, no explosion.The generation bubble velocity is slack-off. | No H 2Produce |
| 4.00 | Colourless gas produces, and this gas is met the nondiscoloration of air color; The match wood of lighting is placed on the test tube mouth, no explosion.It is last slow to produce bubble velocity. | No H 2Produce |
| 3.00 | Colourless gas produces, and this gas is met the nondiscoloration of air color; The match wood of lighting is placed on the test tube mouth, no explosion.It is last slow to produce bubble velocity. | No H 2Produce |
| 2.00 | Colourless gas produces, and this gas is met the nondiscoloration of air color; The match wood of lighting is placed on the test tube mouth, no explosion.It is last slow to produce bubble velocity. | No H 2Produce |
| 1.80 | Colourless gas produces, and this gas is met the nondiscoloration of air color; The match wood of lighting is placed on the test tube mouth, no explosion. | No H 2Produce |
| 1.70 | Colourless gas produces, and this gas is met the nondiscoloration of air color; The match wood of lighting is placed on the test tube mouth, no explosion. | No H 2Produce |
| 1.60 | Colourless gas produces, and this gas is met the nondiscoloration of air color; The match wood of lighting is placed on the test tube mouth, and sharp-pointed explosion is arranged; It is last fast to produce bubble velocity. | H is arranged 2Produce |
| 1.50 | Colourless gas produces, and this gas is met the nondiscoloration of air color; The match wood of lighting is placed on the test tube mouth, and explosion is arranged; The generation bubble velocity is accelerated. | H is arranged 2Produce |
| 1.20 | Colourless gas produces, and this gas is met the nondiscoloration of air color; Light " puff " one; Flame is inhaled in vitro; It is last fast to produce bubble velocity. | H is arranged 2Produce |
| 0.50 | Colourless gas produces, and this gas is met the nondiscoloration of air color; Light " puff " one; Flame is inhaled in vitro; It is last fast to produce bubble velocity. | H is arranged 2Produce |
| 0.10 | Colourless gas produces, and this gas is met the nondiscoloration of air color; Light " puff " one; Flame is inhaled in vitro; It is last fast to produce bubble velocity. | H is arranged 2Produce |
| 0.07 | Colourless gas produces, and this gas is met the nondiscoloration of air color; Light " puff " one; Flame is inhaled in vitro; It is last fast to produce bubble velocity. | H is arranged 2Produce |
| 0.06 | Colourless gas produces, and this gas is met the nondiscoloration of air color; Light " puff " one; Flame is inhaled in vitro; It is last slow to produce bubble velocity. | H is arranged 2Produce |
| 0.05 | Colourless gas produces, and this gas is met the nondiscoloration of air color; Light " puff " one; Flame is inhaled in vitro; It is last slow to produce bubble velocity. | H is arranged 2Produce |
| 0.01 | Colourless gas produces, and this gas is met the nondiscoloration of air color; Light " puff " one; Flame is inhaled in vitro; It is last slow to produce bubble velocity. | H is arranged 2Produce |
Claims (2)
1, a kind of method for preparing hydrogen is that aluminium block is immersed in the NaOH solution earlier, treats to take out aluminium block when its surface has bubble to emerge and water washes out alkali lye, and the chemical equation of this process is:
Al
2O
3(Al)+2NaOH+3H
2O＝＝＝2Na[Al(OH)
4]+Al；
Then, the aluminium block that obtains after handling is immersed HgCl again
2In the solution, treat to take out when its surface presents grey black, promptly obtain the aluminium block of surface with the aluminium amalgam film, the chemical equation of this process is:
2Al+3HgCl
2＝＝＝2AlCl
3+3Hg
Al+Hg＝＝＝Al(Hg)；
It is characterized in that: the surface is put into the aluminium block of aluminium amalgam film the container that concentration is less than or equal to rare nitric acid of 1.6mol/L is housed, just produce colourless hydrogen, the chemical equation of this process is:
2Al(Hg)+6HNO
3＝＝＝2Al(NO
3)
3+3H
2↑+2Hg。
2, the method for preparing hydrogen according to claim 1, the concentration that it is characterized in that described rare nitric acid is 0.07mol/L.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100348857A CN100526211C (en) | 2007-04-29 | 2007-04-29 | Method for preparing hydrogen gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100348857A CN100526211C (en) | 2007-04-29 | 2007-04-29 | Method for preparing hydrogen gas |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101041417A CN101041417A (en) | 2007-09-26 |
| CN100526211C true CN100526211C (en) | 2009-08-12 |
Family
ID=38807250
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100348857A Expired - Fee Related CN100526211C (en) | 2007-04-29 | 2007-04-29 | Method for preparing hydrogen gas |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100526211C (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101671003B (en) * | 2009-10-12 | 2011-06-15 | 中国计量学院 | Aluminum hydrolization hydrogen production device and controlling method thereof |
-
2007
- 2007-04-29 CN CNB2007100348857A patent/CN100526211C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101041417A (en) | 2007-09-26 |
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Granted publication date: 20090812 Termination date: 20120429 |