CN100519731C - Method and dedicated device for enriching air microorganism - Google Patents
Method and dedicated device for enriching air microorganism Download PDFInfo
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- CN100519731C CN100519731C CNB2006101697051A CN200610169705A CN100519731C CN 100519731 C CN100519731 C CN 100519731C CN B2006101697051 A CNB2006101697051 A CN B2006101697051A CN 200610169705 A CN200610169705 A CN 200610169705A CN 100519731 C CN100519731 C CN 100519731C
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Abstract
The invention discloses an enriched air microbe biological device and method, which comprises the following parts: case, which possesses outlet on one end and closing end with porous network; filtering collecting component, which is connected on the outlet end of case detachably; fan component, which consists of wheel and motor in connection with wheel in the case, wherein the blade end of wheel opposes the filtering collecting component. The invention enriches all microbes to suck under certain time and certain bulk directly, which purifies and extracts nucleic acid of microbe effectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device that is used for the enriched air By microorganism, and install the enriched air By method of microorganism with this.
Background technology
Along with the raising of living standard, people are also more and more higher to the requirement of Air quality.The harm that pathogenic micro-organism brings human health in the atmospheric pollution, particularly air comes into one's own just day by day.Human many important transmissible disease all can be passed through airborne transmission, and morbidity that there are some researches show hospital acquired infection is 3%～20%, and the respiratory tract infection that is wherein caused by air microbe just accounts for 15%～20%.As the SARS virus in China and surrounding area outbreak of epidemic in 2003, this virus mainly spread in air with aerocolloidal form and propagates, and this is a kind of typical respiratory tract---air---respiratory infectious disease; Another example is exactly the H5N1 bird flu disease that takes place recently, and this virus is removed and can be entered water, soil China and foreign countries by the secretory product of animal, also can aerocolloidal form and propagate.Therefore feasible timely, easy, monitoring accurately to air microbe under the various envrionment conditionss just has great significance because this high hazardness of microorganism in the air!
Efficient, the comprehensive collection to air microbe is the prerequisite that air microbe accurately detects.To the collection of air microbe, mainly contain dual mode: a kind of static sedimentation acquisition method that is based on the plate exposure formula, another kind is based on the dynamic acquisition method of impinger at present.But these two kinds of acquisition methods all have certain limitation.Static settling process is subjected to external conditionss restriction such as artificial factor, ambient moisture, temperature, stopping property and place diversity easily and parameter is bigger, and the result is neither also unstable comprehensively; And no matter the dynamic acquisition method is centrifugal collision type, though can partly overcome the defective of static sedimentation acquisition method, but also bring two new problems, the one, the bump of air-flow easily causes the death of microorganism, causes result's false negative; The 2nd, be subject to microorganism size and the interactional influence of aerodynamics, cause in certain aerodynamics scope, can only realize the microorganism particle of certain limit size is collected.
And the more important thing is that these two kinds of acquisition methods also have a common critical defect, promptly method is to be based upon on traditional microorganism separation and Culture evaluation of foundation.That is to say that air microbe must be collected on the plate of substratum, increase bacterium by cultivation after, bacterium colony is counted or is carried out methods such as follow-up separation and Culture combining form characteristic, biochemical identification again and detect.
We know that air microbe has multifarious feature, and wherein existing bacterium also may have some fungal spores and virus or the like, and obviously common nutritional medium is what impossible to realize the collection of fungi and virus etc.Even it is difficult that cultivate and need special conditions to cultivate that bacterium also has many, as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.And this separation and Culture authentication method also exists shortcomings such as complicated operation, specificity are not strong, required time is long; add many bacterium biochemical characters, antibiotic sensitive type isophenous feature instability; be vulnerable to gene regulating, plasmid and obtain and lose and the influence of aspects such as technological operation, therefore easily cause false negative result and cause failing to pinpoint a disease in diagnosis or mistaken diagnosis.
Summary of the invention
The device and method that the objective of the invention is a kind of enriched air By microorganism.
The device of enriched air By microorganism provided by the present invention comprises:
Housing, described housing one end opening, the other end sealing, blind end has perforated grill;
Filter collection assembly, described filtration collection assembly removably is connected in the opening end of described housing;
Fan assembly, described fan assembly comprise page or leaf wheel and the electric motor that is connected with the page or leaf wheel, are located at described enclosure interior; The blade end of described page or leaf wheel is facing to described filtration collection assembly.
In the present invention, filter collection assembly and comprise net formula liner behind collecting net groove before the film, filter membrane and the film; Net formula liner interconnects behind preceding collecting net groove of described film and the film, and described filter membrane is fixed between the two; Described filtration collection assembly by film after net formula liner be connected on the described housing.In order to improve the stopping property of filtering between the collection assembly, filter collection assembly and also comprise sealing-ring, described sealing-ring is located at before the film behind the collecting net groove and film between the net formula liner.For the ease of filtering carrying, sterilize, preserving of collection assembly, described filtration collection assembly also is furnished with preceding sealing cover and back sealing cover.In the present invention, filter membrane commonly used is selected from nylon membrane filter membrane, polyester nucleopore membranes, polypropylene screen, cellulose acetate membrane, nylon membrane and PVDF membrane, and the filter membrane aperture is 0.1-10 microns; Preferably, described filter membrane is a cellulose acetate membrane, and the aperture is 0.22 micron.
The mode of connection of various parts has multiplely among the present invention, can adopt usually to be threaded.
For the accurate collecting amount of control air microorganism, the device of enriched air By microorganism also is provided with the control unit that is used to control electric motor; Described control unit is embedded at the surface of described housing.
And, the using and regulating of apparatus of the present invention for convenience, the device of enriched air By microorganism also is furnished with bracing frame.Support frame as described above comprises that adjustable height is tried trivet, direction can be debugged bracing frame.
Use the method that apparatus of the present invention are carried out the air microbe enrichment, comprise the steps:
1) cleaning, sterilised filtration collection assembly start electric motor, collect air microbe on the filtration collection assembly;
2) will filter collection assembly and put into damping fluid, cleaning, centrifugal, collecting precipitation, enrichment obtains air microbe.
The present invention adopts direct suction to filter the formula principle, within a certain period of time whole microorganisms in the certain volume air are filtered enrichment, then the microorganism of enrichment is carried out extraction, the purification process of nucleic acid, detect evaluation in conjunction with corresponding molecular microbiology detection method more then.
The present invention has adopted the enrichment mode of non-substratum principle, can overcome the limitation that the air microbe that causes owing to nutritional condition and training method difference is collected, thereby can realize whole air microbes are comprised the disposable synchronous collection of bacterium, fungi, virus etc.; The present invention is owing to docked the non-evaluation mode that bacterium is cultivated that increases, one can make full use of modern molecular microbiology and detect high pass quantification, automatization, rapid detection characteristic, thereby overcomes complicated operation that traditional separation and Culture identification method exists, shortcoming such as specificity is strong, required time is long; Its two real-time collecting that can pass through air microbe realizes the quantitative analysis to air microbe, avoids cultivating the quantizing error that causes owing to increasing bacterium.And this active direct suction filters collection method, not only can overcome in the static sedimentation collecting method owing to settling ratio deficiency or environmental impact factor cause collect imperfect, and overcome in centrifugal or the collision type impinger that limitation owing to the centrifugal force scope causes can only be to the deficiency of respective volume, weight size microorganism particle collection, thereby controlled as much as possible because of the influence of physical factors such as environmental factors, apparatus factor, human factor and microorganism volume, weight size collecting.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the device of enriched air By microorganism of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the perspective exploded view of the filtration collection assembly of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 3 A, Fig. 3 B are respectively the sectional view and the stereographic map of the preceding collecting net groove of film;
The sectional view and the stereographic map of sealing cover before Fig. 4 A, Fig. 4 B are respectively;
Fig. 5 A, Fig. 5 B are respectively the sectional view and the stereographic map of back sealing cover;
Fig. 6 A, Fig. 6 B are respectively the sectional view and the stereographic map of net formula liner behind the film;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation that does not comprise the device of the enriched air By microorganism of the present invention of filtering collection assembly;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation that comprises the device of the enriched air By microorganism of the present invention of filtering collection assembly.
Embodiment
As Fig. 1, Fig. 7 and shown in Figure 8, the device of enriched air By microorganism of the present invention comprises: housing 1, and an end opening of housing 1, the other end sealing, blind end has perforated grill; Filter collection assembly 2, be used to collect air microbe, filter the opening end that collection assembly 2 removably is connected in housing 1; Fan assembly 3, fan assembly 3 comprise page or leaf wheel 32 and the electric motor 31 that is connected with the page or leaf wheel, are located at housing 1 inside, and the blade end 321 of page or leaf wheel 32 is facing to filtering collection assembly 2.Electric motor 31 drives 32 rotations of page or leaf wheel, and the rotation of blade 321 makes extraneous air flow to filtering collection assembly 2, thereby collect airborne microorganism on filtration collection assembly 2 in the housing 1 inner negative pressure of vacuum that forms.
The device of enriched air By microorganism of the present invention can also be provided with control unit 4 and bracing frame 5.Control unit 4 is mainly used in the operating mode of regulating and controlling electric motor 31, comprise regulation and control models such as delayed startup control, collection time, volume of air adjusting, various micro-chips commonly used promptly can reach requirement, for the ease of operation, liquid crystal display 41 and operating panel 42 can be set on housing 1.Bracing frame 5 is used for fixing the height of adjustment housings 1 and direction etc., comprises that adjustable height examination trivet, direction can debug bracing frame etc.
As shown in Figure 2, filter collection assembly 2 and comprise net formula liner 22 behind collecting net groove 21 before the film, filter membrane 23 and the film; Net formula liner 22 interconnects behind preceding collecting net groove 21 of film and the film, filter membrane 23 is fixed between the two, be used to collect air microbe, filter membrane can be nylon membrane filter membrane, polyester nucleopore membranes, polypropylene screen, nylon membrane, PVDF membrane, cellulose acetate membrane etc., and the filter membrane aperture is 0.1-10 microns; Preferably, filter membrane is a cellulose acetate membrane, and the filter membrane aperture is 0.22 micron.In order to improve collecting net groove 21 and the stopping property that net formula liner 22 behind the film is connected before the film, go back between sealing-ring 24 is set.Whole filtration collection assembly 2 is connected to the opening end of housing 1 by net formula liner 22 behind the film.
In daily use, filter collection assembly 2 and generally separate with housing 1, place separately, when needs are used for collecting microorganism, will filter collection assembly 2 again and be connected with housing 1, assembling becomes the device of enriched air By microorganism of the present invention.As Fig. 3 A, 3B, shown in Fig. 4 A and the 4B, collecting net groove 21 also is furnished with preceding sealing cover 26 before the film; As Fig. 5 A, 5B, shown in Fig. 6 A and the 6B, net formula liner 22 also is furnished with back sealing cover 25 behind the film, like this, whole filtration collection assembly 2 can form good sealing property, net formula liner 22 is polluted by dust and Institute of Micro-biology after can preventing preceding collecting net groove 21 of filter membrane 23 and film and film, keeps filtering the cleanliness factor of collection assembly 2.For the ease of dismounting and sealing, collecting net groove 21 before preceding sealing cover 27 and the film, net formula liner 22 behind collecting net groove 21 and the film before the film, net formula liner 22 and back sealing cover 25 behind the film, and net formula liner 22 all adopts with the mode of connection of housing 1 and is threaded behind the film; Certainly, other mode of connection also is feasible, as fast cassette connection or flange form connection etc.
Use the collection method of the device of above-mentioned enriched air By microorganism, comprise the steps: air microbe
1) take out to filter collecting net groove before the filter membrane in the collection assembly, filter membrane is put into behind the filter membrane on the net formula liner, cover collecting net groove before the filter membrane again, handle with front and back sealing cover autoclave sterilization.
2) stop sterilization after, aseptic condition down covers the filtration collection assembly with the front and back sealing cover, and is standby.
3) in collection location, to disinfecting with the junction that filters collection assembly in the collection device main frame, open the back sealing cover with alcohol, connect the filtration collection assembly.
4) the delayed startup setting is set as required, and volume of air, the gathering speed parameter of collecting is provided with.
5) collect.
6) after collection finishes, cover preceding sealing cover earlier,, seal up the back sealing cover together with taking off the filtration collection assembly.Extraction in order to nucleic acid.
7) take off under the aseptic condition and filter sealing cover behind the collection assembly, preceding sealing cover is opened, put into damping fluid, clean together with filtering collection assembly, centrifugal.Collecting precipitation is collected and is obtained air microbe.
The air microbe that collection is obtained can further carry out analyzing and processing, for example, can carry out nucleic acid extraction: add lysate in the precipitation, adopt phenol-chloroform extraction method or glass bead method to carry out extraction, the purifying of nucleic acid.
The nucleic acid that this paper mentions mainly is meant DNA or RNA.In actual applications, can be according to the needs of different detection methods, or the feature of different microorganisms, DNA or the RNA of microorganism extracted or realizes simultaneous extraction respectively.
To the extraction of microbial nucleic acids, existing now many commercial nucleic acid extracting reagent supplies are as the TRIzol Reagent (total RNA extracts) and the DNAzol Reagent (total DNA extraction) of Invitrogen company; The Genomic DNA Purification Kit (extracting genome DNA) of U.S. MRC company; The MagExtractor-Genome of Toyobo company (genomic dna magnetic bead separation agent) and MagExtractor-RNA (total RNA magnetic bead separation agent) or the like.Even also can use the nucleic acid extraction instrument of automatization to carry out the extraction of nucleic acid, as the NucliSENS of u.s.a. applied biosystem company 6100 type nucleic acid extraction instrument and Biomerieux SA
Full-automatic nucleic acid extraction instrument of easyMAG or the like.These commercial extraction test kits and automatic extracting instrument device all have the required matched reagent of extraction, and have the method steps and the program of standard.The operator is as long as carry out in strict accordance with method steps, all can smooth implementation collects the nucleic acid extraction of microorganism.
The extraction product of different company, though on reagent composition and method certain difference is arranged, its essence generally all is based on traditional phenol-chloroform extraction method or the granulated glass sphere partition method is carried out.Therefore, this paper is extraction step and the process that example illustrates microbial nucleic acids with traditional phenol-chloroform extraction method and glass bead method respectively, and method main reference " fine works molecular biology experiment guide " (translate for work such as (U.S.) F. Ao Sibai, Yan Ziying by Wang Hailin.Beijing: Science Press, first version in 1998).
(1) phenol-chloroform extraction method prepares microbe genome DNA:
(1) lysate of 5-10 times of volume of adding (100mmol/L NaCl, 10mmol/L TrisCl, 25mmol/L EDTA, 0.5% SDS, pH8.0, adding 10 μ g/mL Proteinase Ks before using) in the bacterial precipitation; Mixing;
(2) 55～60 ℃ of water-baths 10～20 minutes; Centrifugal: 12000g * 10 minute; Get supernatant;
(3) add the NaCl of 100 μ L 5mol/L, fully mixing adds 80 μ L CTAB/NaCl solution (10%CTAB, 0.7mol/L NaCl) mixings again, 65 ℃ of incubations 10 minutes;
(4) add isopyknic chloroform: primary isoamyl alcohol (24:1) mixing; Centrifugal: 12000g * 10 minute; Draw the upper strata water;
(5) add isopyknic phenol, chloroform, primary isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1) again; Mixing; Centrifugal: 12000g * 10 minute;
(6) draw the upper strata water, add 0.6 volume Virahol, mixing precipitates to DNA gently; Centrifugal, abandon supernatant; The precooling dehydrated alcohol that adds 2 times of volumes, fully mixing was placed 30 minutes for-20 ℃; Centrifugal: 4 ℃, 12000g * 10 minute;
(7) remove supernatant liquor gently, be inverted on the filter paper, be stained with as far as possible and do unnecessary liquid; At vacuum drier inner drying throw out;
(8) (pH8.0) dissolution precipitation thing is equipped with to detect and uses for 10mmol/L TrisCl, 1mmol/L EDTA with small volume TE damping fluid.
(2) glass bead method is extracted microbe genome DNA:
(1) lysate (the same) of 5-10 times of volume of adding in the bacterial precipitation; Mixing; 55～60 ℃ of water-baths 10～20 minutes; Centrifugal: 5000g * 10 minute; Get supernatant;
(2) NaI (the 2.25g Na of the isopyknic 18mol/L of adding
2SO
3Be dissolved in 40mL H
2Among the O, add the 135gNaI stirring and dissolving), add the granulated glass sphere suspension (the 200 μ m granulated glass spherees of 200-300 μ l mix with equal-volume water, use preceding of short duration vortex to vibrate) of 1/2 volume, following 5 minutes of room temperature; Centrifugal a little; Abandon supernatant;
(3) 1mL washings (100mmol/L NaCl adds equal-volume 100% ethanol for 20mmol/L TrisCl, 1mmol/L EDTA) is washed DNA/ granulated glass sphere precipitation 3 times, gently behind the vortex vibration mixing, and centrifugation granulated glass sphere a little;
(4) the resuspended precipitation of TE damping fluid (the same), making final concentration is 0.5 μ g/ μ L.In 45 ℃ of incubation 2-3 minutes, so that DNA is eluted from granulated glass sphere.
(5) centrifugal 1 minute, collect supernatant, standby.
(3) phenol-chloroform extraction method prepares microorganism RNA: the experiment solutions employed all disposes with the EDPC water treatment; Testing used glassware all did roasting 4 hours at 300 ℃; Plastics are handled the back autoclaving with EDPC water logging bubble, pollute to avoid the RNA enzyme.
(1) lysate of 5-10 times of volume of adding (the same, the configuration of DFPC water) in the bacterial precipitation; Mixing; 55～60 ℃ of water-baths 10～20 minutes; Centrifugal: 12000g * 10 minute; Get supernatant;
(2) add isopyknic phenol, chloroform, primary isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1) extracting; High speed centrifugation 5 minutes is got the upper strata water;
(3) extracting is once again with phenol, chloroform, primary isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1); Use chloroform: primary isoamyl alcohol (24:1) extracting; Get the upper strata water;
(4) adding 15 μ L 5mol/L NaCl, and 2 times of volumes add the abundant mixing of precooling dehydrated alcohol, place 30 minutes for-20 ℃; Centrifugal: 4 ℃, 12000g * 10 minute;
(5) precipitation is dried with precooling 70% alcohol flushing.With 95 μ L dnase digestion damping fluid dissolution precipitations, add the DNA enzyme I that 4 μ L 2.5mg/mL do not have the RNA enzyme, 37 ℃ of water-baths 1 hour;
(6) extracting is once again with phenol, chloroform, primary isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1); Shift out water; Add 100 μ LTE damping fluid mixings in the organic phase, centrifugal: 4 ℃, 12000g * 10 minute; Merge water twice;
(7) add isopyknic chloroform: primary isoamyl alcohol (24:1) extracting; Add 10 μ L 5mol/L NaCl, the abundant mixing of 600 μ L precooling dehydrated alcohols was placed 30 minutes for-20 ℃; Centrifugal: 4 ℃, 12000g * 10 minute;
(8) precipitation is dried with precooling 70% alcohol flushing.Use the DEPC water dissolution ,-70 ℃ of preservations are standby.
Can carry out the relevant detection analysis to the nucleic acid of collecting, at present relevant molecular Biological Detection side has a lot, and that uses always comprises nucleic acid hybridization, pvuii restriction fragment analysis, PCR, LCR and quantitative fluorescent PCR etc.This paper is the example explanation with PCR, RT-PCR and chip detection comparatively commonly used respectively.
(1) the PCR detection method comprises the steps:
(1) at detecting target, design special detection fragment and corresponding special primer, and synthetic primer; Primer length generally is designed to 15-30bp, and is commonly used for about 20bp.Detecting fragment is that primer amplification length is generally 200-500bp.
(2) on ice by following component configuration PCR reaction solution: the Ex Taq archaeal dna polymerase test kit with the biological company limited of TAKARA is example (DRR01AM).
10 * amplification buffer, 10 μ L
4 kinds of each 200 μ mol/L of dNTP mixture
Each 10～100pmol of primer
Template DNA 0.1～2 μ g
Taq archaeal dna polymerase 2.5U
Mg
2 1.5mmol/L
Add two or tri-distilled water to 100 μ L
(3) reaction tubes is put into the PCR instrument.And the PCR-based principle is provided with sex change-annealing-three temperature spots of extension and respective reaction program.In standard reaction, adopt three temperature spot methods, double-stranded DNA (general preferably is set to 94 ℃ 90～95 ℃ of sex change, 1 minute), be cooled to 40～60 ℃ of (general preferred primer Tm values-5 ℃ of being set to again rapidly, 30-60 second), primer annealing also is attached on the target sequence, be rapidly heated then to 70～75 ℃ and (general preferably be set to 72 ℃, reaction times be provided with according to 150 Nucleotide/second/the enzyme molecule, general 1Kb is with interior dna fragmentation, the extension time, 1min was enough), under the effect of Taq archaeal dna polymerase, primer strand is extended along template.Reaction cycle is traditionally arranged to be 28-35.
(4) agarose gel electrophoresis detects the PCR product.
(2) RT-PCR detects.RT-PCR generally is divided into two-step approach and single stage method, and is as follows respectively:
The RT-PCR two-step approach:
(1) on ice by following component configuration RT reaction solution: the RNA PCR Kit (AMV) with the biological company limited of TAKARA is example (DRR019A).
10 * RT damping fluid, 1 μ L
DNTP mixture (each 2.5mmol/L) 2 μ L
RNase?Inhibitor(40U/μL) 0.25μL
Random?9mers(50pmol/μL)
Or Oligo dT-Adaptor Primer (2.5pm ol/ μ L)
Or specificity downstream primer 0.5 μ L
Microorganism RNA sample≤1 μ g total RNA
RT ThermoScript II (5U/ μ L) 0.5 μ L
Mg
2(25mmol/L) 2μl
Add RNase Free dH
2O to 10 μ L
(2) in the PCR instrument, following conditioned response is set: 42 ℃ were reacted 15-30 minute, and 99 ℃ were reacted 5 minutes, and 5 ℃ were reacted 5 minutes then.If use Random 9mers to be primer, 30 ℃ of reactions 10 minutes must be set earlier before 42 ℃ of reactions then.
(3) cDNA that obtains with reverse transcription again is a template, carries out the PCR reaction, and reactions steps is with above-mentioned PCR detection method.
The RT-PCR single stage method:
(1) on ice by following component configuration RT-PCR reaction solution: the One StepRNA PCR Kit (AMV) with the biological company limited of TAKARA is example (DRR024A)
10 * One Step RT-PCR damping fluid, 5 μ L
DNTP mixture (each 2.5mmol/L) 5 μ L
RNase?Inhibitor(40U/μL) 1μL
Upstream special primer (20 μ mol/L) 1 μ L
Downstream special primer (20 μ mol/L) 1 μ L
Microorganism RNA sample≤1 μ g total RNA
AMV-Optimized?Taq(5U/μL) 1μL
AMV-RTase?XL(5U/μL) 1μL
Mg
2(25mmol/L) 10μl
Add RNase Free dH
2O to 50 μ L
(2) in the PCR instrument, following conditioned response is set: 50 ℃ were reacted 30 minutes, and 94 ℃ were reacted 2 minutes, then by PCR conditioned response (method to set up is with above-mentioned PCR detection method) is set.
(3) agarose gel electrophoresis detects product.
(3) chip detecting method comprises the steps:
(1) at detecting target, designs and synthesizes detection probes; Stationary probe, structure chip (also can buy commercial chip uses);
(2) according to the detection requirement of chip, to microbial nucleic acids specific mark to be detected (as marks such as fluorescence, isotropic substance, enzyme and nanometer gold);
(3) chip is carried out reaction treatment such as prehybridization, hybridization, rinsing;
(4) reaction chip is carried out check and analysis as a result.
Experiment purpose: the situation that exists to SARS virus in the high place ambient air that flows of crowd is monitored
Experiment sample source: air sample in the waiting room of railway station, Shenzhen, in the waiting room of long-distance bus station, Feitian, Shenzhen
Experimental procedure:
(1) collects preceding the preparation
(1) opens in the collection device collecting net groove before the filter membrane that filters in the collection assembly, filter membrane is put into behind the filter membrane on the net formula liner, cover collecting net groove before the filter membrane, handle with front and back sealing cover autoclave sterilization.
(2) stop sterilization after, aseptic condition down covers the filtration collection assembly with the front and back sealing cover.
(2) collection of sample: respectively at 10 in the morning and afternoons 3 point, each collects twice air sample in the waiting room of railway station, Shenzhen and in the waiting room of long-distance bus station, Feitian, Shenzhen, and collects continuously three days.Have 12 samples.
(1) in collection location, to disinfecting with the junction that filters collection assembly in the collection device main frame, open the back sealing cover with alcohol, connect the filtration collection assembly.
(2) time-delay is set and started in 3 minutes, collection parameter is set to: the air filtyration velocity is 200 liters/minute, and collection time is 30 minutes; Collect.
(5) after collection finishes, cover preceding sealing cover earlier,, seal up preceding sealing cover together with taking off the filtration collection assembly.Extraction in order to nucleic acid.
(3) RNA of sample extracts: use the viral RNA of Shenzhen basic biotechnology development corporation, Ltd. to extract test kit, and all articles for use and liquid are all through no RNA enzyme processing.
(1) take off under the aseptic condition and filter sealing cover behind the collection assembly, preceding sealing cover is opened, put into damping fluid together with filtering collection assembly, the vortex vibration is cleaned; Twice of rinsed with sterile water; Collect whole scavenging solutions, centrifugal 10 minutes of 12000g; Collecting precipitation;
(2) add 500 μ L lysates in the precipitation, suction nozzle is blown and beaten mixing repeatedly, adds 100 μ L chloroforms again, vibration mixing 5 seconds (should not be too strong) on the vortex mixer; 12000g, centrifugal 15 minutes;
(3) draw upper phase, add 250 μ L Virahols, put upside down mixing; 12000g, centrifugal 15 minutes.Abandon supernatant, be stained with on the filter paper and do unnecessary liquid, add 1mL75% ethanol, put upside down washing; 12000g, centrifugal 10 minutes.Remove supernatant gently, be inverted on the filter paper, be stained with as far as possible and do unnecessary liquid;
(4) 12000g, centrifugal 10 seconds, will manage end small amount of liquid and blot with micro sample adding appliance, short period of time dry sediment in vacuum drier, RNA is standby for the DEPC water dissolution.
(4) RT-PCR detection reaction: experimental technique is seen " No.1 Military Medical Univ.'s journal " 23 volumes the 5th phase 421-423 page or leaf with reference to " the reverse transcription nested PCR method detect sars coronavirus " such as Wang Yan.Experiment reagent be the biological company limited of TAKARA RNA PCR Kit (AMV) (DRR019A) and Ex Taq archaeal dna polymerase test kit (DRR01AM).Adopt GAPDH for detecting the confidential reference items contrast
(1) according to Genebank DQ640652SARS complete genome sequence design primer, synthetic by Shanghai Ying Jun biotech firm.Upstream primer: 5 '-GAAGCTATTCGTCACGTTCG-3 '; Downstream primer: 5 '-CTGTAGAAAATCCTAGCTGGAG-3 '; Expanding fragment length is 109bp.The upstream primer that detects confidential reference items contrast GAPDH is: 5 '-CGGATTTGGTCGTATTGGG-3 ', downstream primer is: 5 '-CGGATTTGGTCGTATTGGG-3 '; Expanding fragment length is 216bp.
(2) on ice by following component configuration RT reaction solution: 10 * RT Buffer, 1 μ L, dNTP Mixture 1 μ L, RNase Inhibitor 0.25 μ L, SARS virus or confidential reference items GAPDH downstream primer 0.5 μ L, AMV ReverseTranscriptase 0.5 μ L, MgCl
22 μ L, RNase Free dH
2O 3.75 μ L respectively add the RNA sample 1 μ L of preparation respectively; 42 ℃ were reacted 30 minutes, and 99 ℃ were reacted 5 minutes, and 5 ℃ were reacted 5 minutes, and first chain is synthesized in reverse transcription;
(3) on ice by following component configuration PCR reaction solution: 10 * EX Taq Buffer, 5 μ L, SARS virus or confidential reference items GAPDH upstream primer 0.5 μ L, MgCl
24 μ L, dH
2O 28.75 μ L respectively add the first chain template DNA, the 10 μ L of above-mentioned preparation respectively.The amplification condition of SARS virus is: 94 ℃ of pre-sex change 5 minutes; 94 ℃ of sex change are 30 seconds then, 55 ℃ of annealing 30 seconds, and 72 ℃ were extended 30 seconds, and circulated 30 times; Putting 72 ℃ at last again extended 5 minutes.The amplification condition of confidential reference items GAPDH is: 94 ℃ of pre-sex change 5 minutes; 94 ℃ of sex change are 30 seconds then, 60 ℃ of annealing 30 seconds, and 72 ℃ were extended 1 minute, and circulated 30 times; Putting 72 ℃ at last again extended 5 minutes.
(4) respectively the SARS virus of 12 samples and the PCR product of confidential reference items GAPDH are carried out the agarose gel electrophoresis detection, the result shows that each sample all has clear GAPDH product band, and the SARS virus amplification is all negative.
Experiment purpose: the situation that exists to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the hospital environment air is monitored
Experiment sample source: air sample in Nanshan District, Shenzhen the People's Hospital's Outpatient Hall
Experimental procedure:
(1) collects preceding the preparation: the same embodiment 1.
(2) collection of sample: respectively at 10 in the morning and afternoons 3 point, different positions is respectively collected air sample twice in Nanshan District, Shenzhen the People's Hospital's Outpatient Hall, and collects continuously three days.Have 12 samples.All the other steps are with embodiment 1.
(3) DNA extraction of sample:
(1) take off under the aseptic condition and filter sealing cover behind the collection assembly, preceding sealing cover is opened, put into damping fluid together with filtering collection assembly, the vortex vibration is cleaned; Twice of rinsed with sterile water; Collect whole scavenging solutions, centrifugal 10 minutes of 12000g; Collecting precipitation;
(2) lysate of 5-10 times of volume of adding (100mmol/L NaCl, 10mmol/L Tris-Cl, 25mmol/L EDTA, 0.5% SDS, pH8.0, adding 10 μ g/mL Proteinase Ks before using) in the bacterial precipitation; Mixing;
Hatch for (3) 56 ℃ and add saturated phenol 100 μ L after 30 minutes, thorough mixing is up to forming emulsion, and centrifugal 10 minutes of 4 ℃ of 12000g carefully draw the upper strata water;
(4) add isopyknic phenol: chloroform: primary isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1) mixed solution fully shakes up centrifugal 10 minutes of 4 ℃ of 12000g, careful extracting upper strata liquid;
(5) add the equal-volume chloroform again: primary isoamyl alcohol (24:1); The 3M sodium acetate (pH5.2) that adds 1/10 volume in the extract, the precooling dehydrated alcohol of about 2 times of volumes, fully mixing was placed 30 minutes for-20 ℃; Centrifugal 10 minutes of 4 ℃ of 12000g;
(6) remove supernatant liquor gently, precipitation adds the dehydrated alcohol of 100 μ L precoolings, centrifugal 10 minutes of 4 ℃ of 12000g;
(7) add 70% precooled ethanol more again in precipitation, shake up centrifugal 10 minutes of back 4 ℃ of 12000g, remove supernatant liquor gently, pipe is upside down on the thieving paper, be stained with as far as possible and do unnecessary liquid, the short period of time is drying precipitated in the vacuum-drying instrument;
(8) add TE damping fluid 100 μ L and make pcr amplification usefulness.
(4) PCR detection reaction: reagent adopts the tubercule bacillus nucleic acid amplification detection kit of health biotech firm of Erie.
(1) primer is according to Genebank AE000516 Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome sequence design, and the upstream primer sequence is: 5 '-GTCCTCGCGAGTCTAGGCCA-3 ', the downstream primer sequence is: 5 '-TCCGCTGCCAGTCGTCTTCC-3 '; The detection lug segment length is approximately 240bp.
(2) detection is carried out according to the test kit specification sheets: take out in the test kit and divided the centrifuge tube that installs the PCR reaction mixture, add 20 μ L reaction solutions, and the centrifugal several seconds, add the positive template that 4 μ L DNA sample to be checked or test kit have again, centrifugal a little behind the mixing.As following table:
(3) contrast of above-mentioned sample regulating YIN and YANG to be amplified is put in the pcr amplification instrument, amplification condition is set is: 93 ℃ of pre-sex change 3 minutes; 93 ℃ of sex change are 30 seconds then, 55 ℃ of annealing 30 seconds, and 72 ℃ were extended 60 seconds, and circulated 35 times; Putting 72 ℃ at last again extended 5 minutes.
(4) agarose gel electrophoresis detects the PCR product, and the result shows: positive control has band appearance clearly, and negative control and test sample all do not have the band demonstration.
Claims (10)
1, the device of a kind of enriched air By microorganism is characterized in that, the device of described enriched air By microorganism comprises: housing, and described housing one end opening, the other end sealing, blind end has perforated grill;
Filter collection assembly, described filtration collection assembly comprises net formula liner behind collecting net groove before the film, filter membrane and the film; Net formula liner interconnects behind preceding collecting net groove of described film and the described film, and described filter membrane is fixed between the two; Described filtration collection assembly by film after net formula liner be connected on the described housing; Described filtration collection assembly removably is connected in the opening end of described housing;
Fan assembly, described fan assembly comprise page or leaf wheel and the electric motor that is connected with the page or leaf wheel, are located at described enclosure interior; The blade end of described page or leaf wheel is facing to described filtration collection assembly.
2, the device of enriched air By microorganism according to claim 1 is characterized in that: before the described film behind collecting net groove and the film mode of connection of net formula liner for being threaded; Net formula liner and the mode of connection of described housing are for being threaded behind the described film.
3, the device of enriched air By microorganism according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described filter membrane is selected from nylon membrane filter membrane, polyester nucleopore membranes, polypropylene screen, cellulose acetate membrane, nylon membrane and PVDF membrane, and the filter membrane aperture is 0.1-10 microns.
4, the device of enriched air By microorganism according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described filter membrane is a cellulose acetate membrane, and the aperture is 0.22 micron.
5, the device of enriched air By microorganism according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described filtration collection assembly also comprises sealing-ring, and described sealing-ring is located at before the film behind the collecting net groove and film between the net formula liner.
6, the device of enriched air By microorganism according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described filtration collection assembly also is furnished with preceding sealing cover and back sealing cover.
7, the device of enriched air By microorganism according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the device of described enriched air By microorganism also is provided with the control unit that is used to control electric motor; Described control unit is embedded at the surface of described housing.
8, the device of enriched air By microorganism according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the device of described enriched air By microorganism also is furnished with bracing frame.
9, the device of enriched air By microorganism according to claim 8 is characterized in that: support frame as described above comprises that adjustable height is tried trivet, direction can be debugged bracing frame.
10, a kind of enriched air By method of microorganism is to carry out in the device of the described enriched air By microorganism of claim 1, comprises the steps:
1) cleaning, sterilised filtration collection assembly start electric motor, collect air microbe on the filtration collection assembly;
2) will filter collection assembly and put into damping fluid, cleaning, centrifugal, collecting precipitation, enrichment obtains air microbe.
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| CN100519731C true CN100519731C (en) | 2009-07-29 |
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| CN106662576A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2017-05-10 | Lg电子株式会社 | Airborne micro-organism measurement apparatus and measurement method therefor |
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| CN103725670A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2014-04-16 | 深圳华大基因科技有限公司 | Method for extracting nucleic acid from biological sample |
| CN103627800B (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2015-02-25 | 浙江天科高新技术发展有限公司 | Rapid detection method of environmental microorganisms |
| CN110117532A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-08-13 | 厦门华厦学院 | A kind of rapid detection method for suspension microorganism in air |
| CN110042048A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-23 | 胥振安 | A kind of food clean room environment microorganism-collecting device and application method |
| CN110305779A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-10-08 | 广西大学 | A kind of air microbe detection sampler |
| CN112961900A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-15 | 军事科学院军事医学研究院军事兽医研究所 | Virus aerosol grading sampling method |
| CN114032173B (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-03-15 | 至美时代生物智能科技(北京)有限公司 | Closed air sampling bottle |
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| US3686835A (en) * | 1970-11-27 | 1972-08-29 | Mine Safety Appliances Co | Filter cassette with removable capsule |
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| US3686835A (en) * | 1970-11-27 | 1972-08-29 | Mine Safety Appliances Co | Filter cassette with removable capsule |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106662576A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2017-05-10 | Lg电子株式会社 | Airborne micro-organism measurement apparatus and measurement method therefor |
| CN106662576B (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2019-08-02 | Lg电子株式会社 | Plankton measuring device and its measurement method |
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