CN100506047C - Hickory process rough material preservation fresh-keeping method - Google Patents
Hickory process rough material preservation fresh-keeping method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100506047C CN100506047C CNB2008100591063A CN200810059106A CN100506047C CN 100506047 C CN100506047 C CN 100506047C CN B2008100591063 A CNB2008100591063 A CN B2008100591063A CN 200810059106 A CN200810059106 A CN 200810059106A CN 100506047 C CN100506047 C CN 100506047C
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Abstract
The invention discloses a storage and preservation method of raw material for Chinese walnut and belongs to the storage and preservation technology field of agricultural products. The method comprises the following procedures, (1) the raw material is picked and removed bract; (2) the raw material is sorted and cleaned by the ozone water with the concentration of 5 to 10 ppm; (3) the raw material is dried to the water contents of nutlet at 7 to 8 percent; (4) the package and the storage of the raw material is carried out according to the following procedures, the raw material is packaged with the PE film with the thickness of 0.08 to 0.12 millimeters, filled with the nitrogen with the concentration of 98 to 100 percent, and stored in the fresh-preserved storehouse with the temperature of minus 3 DEG C to 0 DEG C. The method has the advantages of low cost, simple and easy operation, no mildewing and rancidity phenomenon after being stored for 12 months, more than 97 percent of good fruit rate, keeping better goods value and realizing the annual storage and the supply of raw material for Chinese jujube. The method is suitable for wide application on fruit growers, firms with large sales and manufacturers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the agricultural products storage and preservation technical field, relate in particular to the method for storing and refreshing of hickory nut processed fruit raw material.
Background technology
Hickory nut is the distinctive famous-particular-excellent agricultural product of China, plantation and the history in existing hundreds of years of production.Hickory nut is considered to natural nutritional supplement, contains rich in protein, carbohydrate and several amino acids, vitamin, and especially plant fat content is genuine " oil depot in the fruit " up to 50-60%.Aliphatic acid in the grease is based on unrighted acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, leukotrienes, account for more than 70%, these unrighted acids have regulate blood fat, prevention coronary heart disease, suppress tumour, medical value such as moisten the lung and relieve the cough, and have effects such as health care, beauty treatment concurrently.Because hickory nut raciness and being of high nutritive value has the bigger consumption figure and the consumer group for a long time, selling price is high always, is called " money tree " by hill farmer, also is one of pillar industry of local forestry products.
Hickory nut fabricated product water content after frying is low, compares with fruit to be difficult for mouldyly, but because its unsaturated fatty acid content is higher, and fabricated product is than the easier generation oxidative rancidity of raw material, thereby causes that quality descends.Therefore, hickory nut sauting enterprise is on the one hand for guaranteeing the quality of fabricated product, and is by row's frying repeatedly on a small quantity, rotten to avoid processed goods; For keeping continuing, stablizing and supply of market, need carry out longer preservation and freshness on the other hand to the hickory nut raw material of results.Hickory nut raw material ripening period dry and nutriment significantly increase, and treat to gather after the full maturity then to help the ball bud and remove, and storage property is also better.But the raw material after adopting still has the body of vital movement between the storage delivery period, if do not take corresponding measure, its quality deterioration is very fast, in the Long-term Storage process, easily go mouldy, germination, brown stain, preserve improper also easy oxidative rancidity and produce harmful material, thereby reduce nutritive value and the commodity value of this fruit.Still be in blank about the Long-term Storage of hickory nut fruit raw material, research report fresh-keeping, keeping method at present.
The principal element that influences hickory nut raw-material storing quality is the water content of kernel, and the temperature of storage environment, humidity and oxygen.China is controlled at 6～8% to the requirement of kernel water content, when the kernel water content less than 8% the time, its water activity (AW) is generally less than 0.64, can suppress the most of microbe growth and breeding under this condition; Its respiratory rate is lower and steady simultaneously; In addition, moisture is big more, and lipase active is just high more, and the free fatty that fat splitting produces is also many more, and it is just serious more to become sour.But drying can not be eliminated the generation that hickory nut is become sour fully, because water content is low excessively, also can increase the possibility of becoming sour and taking place.
Low temperature environment is the essential condition that nut raw materials such as hickory nut carry out Long-term Storage; Low temperature can suppress the rising of lipase active, thereby reduces the generation of free fatty, keeps suitable reserve temperature and relative humidity, can keep the index of quality such as the good physics of raw material, chemistry, sense organ in a long time.
Oxygen concentration is one of essential environmental factors that influences Oxidation of Fat and Oils.Adopt the oxygen barrier packing can obviously prolong the storage period of walnut raw material, when oxygen content was higher in the environment, oxidation rate and oxygen concentration were irrelevant; Otherwise oxidation rate and oxygen concentration are proportionate; When raw material directly is exposed in the air, its water content can descend, and acid value, saponification value, peroxide value can raise, easily cause breathe out lose rotten; In oxygen content〉to preserve in 21% the environment, its peroxide value and hexanal content can obviously raise and easier generation Oxidation of Fat and Oils.
Therefore, the storage practice that nut raw materials such as hickory nut are adopted mainly contains at present: the room temperature of 1. ventilating preservative: the hickory nut raw material was gathered Exposure to Sunlight after 3 days, with woven bag or bale packing, place certain ventilated environment to preserve, this method can obtain certain short-term storage effect, but be subject to the surrounding environment factor affecting, storage time is short, can't realize the scale application in modern manufacturing enterprise; 2. deepfreeze method: the hickory nut raw material is gathered and is dried the freezer that is placed on 5～10 ℃ and preserve, because freezer can be controlled low temperature environment, can suppress microbial activities and prevent the generation of going mouldy, can reach good storage effect a middle or short term, but, raw material easily produces " moisture regain " because directly refrigerating, and, and can't realize the Long-term Storage that processes raw material because environmental gas is failed achieve effective control.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to, at existing ventilation room temperature short-term preservative and the existing surrounding environment factor affecting that is subject to of deepfreeze preservative a middle or short term, be easy to generate deficiencies such as dry fruit " moisture regain ", provide and to keep suitable water content of hickory nut raw material and storage low temperature environment, can control the content of storage environment oxygen again, prolong the hickory nut raw-material storing shelf-life to reach, reducing quality descends, the fresh-keeping method of the Long-term Storage that processes raw material simultaneously with low cost, that simple and easy to do suitable numerous orchard workers, sale rich and influential family, manufacturing enterprise use.
The object of the invention realizes by the following technical solutions.
The method for storing and refreshing of hickory process rough material, technology is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) raw material is gathered and is taken off bud: treat to select fine day in time to gather after the abundant maturation of hickory nut fruit, and slough outside the fruit luxuriant with taking off luxuriant machine;
(2) screening of raw material and cleaning: taking off the first water floating method rejecting of luxuriant fruit and go mouldy, rot and partially filled fruit, is Ozone Water cleaning 5～8min of 5～10ppm then with concentration;
(3) drying of raw material is handled: will clean raw material heat drying under the sun or in 40～50 ℃ drying room afterwards, and be controlled at 7～8% to the kernel water content;
(4) packing of raw material, storage: raw material after the drying is packed in the thick PE of 0.08mm～0.12mm (polyethylene) bag film, and to charge into concentration in packaging bag be 98%～100% nitrogen, tighten sack then and put into fresh-keeping warehouse and preserve;
(5) management of storage period: in whole storage ﹠ fresh-keeping period, temperature is controlled at-3 ℃～0 ℃ in the storehouse, finishes until storage.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the hickory nut raw material fruit that cleans taking off behind the bud with Ozone Water carries out preliminary treatment, can effectively kill the harmful microorganism such as bacterium, mould on raw material surface, reduce harmful germ infecting mutually during the storage raw material, effectively reduce the generation of mould variability, and it is residual not have any chemical agent;
2, after raw material drying is handled, pack, can effectively stop the generation of " moisture regain " phenomenon, make the water content of raw material obtain stable control, suppress the microbial growth breeding with the PE bag film that 0.08mm～0.12mm is thick;
3, fill nitrogen in the packaging bag and handle, can reduce the oxygen content in the packing material, reduce contacting of oxygen and raw material to greatest extent, avoid in the raw material unrighted acid owing to becoming sour that autoxidation causes;
4, the raw-material storing phase is adopted ice warm therapy (-3 ℃～0 ℃) storage, can suppress microbial growth, can suppress simultaneously the rising of lipase active, thereby reduce the generation of free fatty, can keep the index of quality such as the good physics of nut raw material, chemistry, sense organ in a long time;
5, this preservation method is easy to operate and safe, and no any antisepsis antistaling agent and chemical agent are residual; Less investment and operating cost are low, only need conventional freezer and common ozone generating apparatus; Show through contrast test: conventional ventilation room temperature storage, its raw-material storing will produce germinations in 1～2 month, go mouldy, breathe out and lose etc., preserves to get well really that rate drops to below 60% in 6 months; Common refrigeration is because to pretreatment of raw material, and can not the better controlled water content and the oxygen concentration of storage environment, and raw-material storing 6 months also produces and goes mouldy, breathes out and lose etc.; Utilization the inventive method can significantly improve the storage effect of hickory process rough material, with reference to the accompanying drawings shown in 1,2,3, preserving acid value increase in 12 months only is 22.4% of common process, the peroxide value increase only is 16.7% of a common process, good fruit rate is still more than 97%, kept preferably commodity value, realized the purpose to storage of hickory process rough material anniversary and supply.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 the inventive method storage hickory nut raw material acid value change curve;
Fig. 2 the inventive method storage hickory nut raw material peroxide value change curve;
Fig. 3 the inventive method storage hickory nut raw material is fruit rate change curve well.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples and test example, but it is not limited by following content.
Take off luxuriant machine: the Mei Cun of Ningguo City, Anhui Province produces;
Ozone Water: produce SK-CFG-1061 type ozone generator by Jinan Science and Technology Ltd. surrounded by mountains and make;
Embodiment 1:
Hickory process rough material method for storing and refreshing of the present invention, carry out as follows:
1) gather and take off bud: treat that September end to the beginning of October after the abundant maturation of hickory nut fruit gathers, gathering is chosen in fine day and carries out, and at this moment fruit surface is comparatively dry, and microbial contamination is less; Take off luxuriant machine with special use after the hickory nut fruit is gathered and slough outer bud, be hickory nut raw material to be processed;
2) screening and clean: after sloughing outer bud, the water floating method reject go mouldy, rotten and partially filled fruit, be that the Ozone Water of 10ppm is cleaned the hickory nut raw material with concentration then, the time is 5min, the microorganism of having with abundant flush away hickory nut shell surface;
3) the dry processing: after hickory nut is cleaned, under the sun Exposure to Sunlight or in 40 ℃ drying room heat drying, regularly inspect the water content of kernel by random samples, be controlled at till 7～8% to the kernel water content;
4) storage of raw material: with dry raw materials treated, select for use a thick PE bag film of 0.10mm to pack by per 30～50 jin, in packaging bag, charge into concentration then and be 98% nitrogen, tightening sack puts into the storage rack of fresh-keeping warehouse and preserves, whole storage period, the temperature of fresh-keeping warehouse was controlled at-3 ℃, finished until storage.
Embodiment 2:
This example is carried out the 8min cleaning to raw material after taking off bud, screening with concentration 5ppm Ozone Water; Under the sun Exposure to Sunlight or in 50 ℃ of drying rooms heat drying, be controlled at 7～8% to the kernel water content; Adopt the thick PE bag film of 0.12mm to pack, and to charge into concentration be 100% nitrogen; Tighten and put into 0 ℃ of fresh-keeping warehouse behind the sack and preserve, finish until storage; All the other methods, step all are same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
This example is carried out the 6min cleaning to raw material after taking off bud, screening with concentration 8ppm Ozone Water; Under the sun Exposure to Sunlight or in 45 ℃ of drying rooms heat drying, be controlled at 7～8% to the kernel water content; Adopt the thick PE bag film of 0.08mm to pack, and to charge into concentration be 99% nitrogen; Tighten and put into-2 ℃ of fresh-keeping warehouses behind the sack and preserve, finish until storage; All the other methods, step all are same as embodiment 1.
Test example: (this method and conventional ventilation room temperature preservative are to the storage contrast test of hickory process rough material)
Test material and condition:
Test material: prosperousization hickory nut, select the consistent relatively hickory nut fruit of big or small homogeneous, maturity, clean 5min through the 10ppm Ozone Water, being dried to the kernel water content in 40 ℃ of baking ovens is 8%, select the thick PE bag film of 0.08mm for use, pack by 30 jin/bag, packing in every bag, to charge into concentration be 100% nitrogen, tighten sack and put into-2 ℃ of fresh-keeping warehouses and preserve, repeat 3 times;
Control material: after hickory nut takes off bud, after in 40 ℃ of baking ovens, being dried to water content and being 8%, directly in the storage of shady and cool ventilation place for contrast (CK), repeat 3 times;
Content of the test:
(1) mensuration of acid value is measured according to GB/T5009.37-1996;
(2) mensuration of peroxide value is measured according to GB/T5009.37-1996;
(3) good fruit rate adopts the sense organ counting method;
The result as shown in Figure 1, 2, 3.After more solito storage 6 months, to go mouldy appear in hickory nut storage raw material, breathes out and phenomenon such as lose, and good fruit rate drops to below 60%, has lost commercial storage value; And the inventive method was preserved 12 months, and storage raw material fruit rate well has commodity value preferably still more than 97%.
Claims (1)
1, the method for storing and refreshing of hickory process rough material is characterized in that technology is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) raw material is gathered and is taken off bud: treat to select fine day in time to gather after the abundant maturation of hickory nut fruit, and slough outside the fruit luxuriant with taking off luxuriant machine;
(2) screening of raw material and cleaning: taking off the first water floating method rejecting of luxuriant fruit and go mouldy, rot and partially filled fruit, is Ozone Water cleaning 5～8min of 5～10ppm then with concentration;
(3) drying of raw material is handled: will clean raw material heat drying under the sun or in 40～50 ℃ drying room afterwards, to the kernel water content 7～8%;
(4) packing of raw material, storage: raw material after the drying is packed in the thick polythene film bag of 0.08mm～0.12mm, and to charge into concentration in packaging bag be 98%～100% nitrogen, tighten sack then and put into fresh-keeping warehouse and preserve;
(5) management of storage period: in whole storage ﹠ fresh-keeping period, temperature is controlled at-3 ℃～0 ℃ in the storehouse, finishes until storage.
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| CNB2008100591063A CN100506047C (en) | 2008-01-14 | 2008-01-14 | Hickory process rough material preservation fresh-keeping method |
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Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101642161B (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2011-05-18 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Physical method for preserving freshness of waxberry fruits |
| CN102398694A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-04-04 | 江西省农业科学院 | Peanut storage and preservation method |
| CN103349312A (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2013-10-16 | 四川茂华食品有限公司 | Process for storing and processing walnuts |
| CN103815013A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-05-28 | 新疆农业大学 | Storage method for preventing dried Xinjiang Wen 185 thin-skin walnut from rancidity |
| CN104146052A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-11-19 | 鲁绍荣 | Drying method for Zhougou fruit walnuts |
| WO2018042375A1 (en) | 2016-09-05 | 2018-03-08 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Method for producing dihydroxy compounds |
| CN107373291A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-11-24 | 云南摩尔农庄生物科技开发有限公司 | A kind of method for preventing green peel of walnut brown stain |
| CN107509809A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-12-26 | 阜阳市新丰种业有限公司 | A kind of apocarya cold preserving method of controlled atmospheric packing |
| CN112056484A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-12-11 | 安徽万利生态农业有限公司 | Apocarya storage method |
| CN112493308A (en) * | 2020-11-28 | 2021-03-16 | 安徽省农业科学院农业工程研究所 | Method for preserving thin-shell pecan fruits |
| CN115530235B (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2024-03-26 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Method for storing and preserving fresh hazelnuts |
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| CN1586228A (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2005-03-02 | 梁继英 | Freshness preserving method for chestnut |
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| CN1586228A (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2005-03-02 | 梁继英 | Freshness preserving method for chestnut |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 我国农产品保鲜包装及发展趋势. 王男等.中国包装，第2007-3期. 2007 * |
| 核桃贮藏法. 王成业.农村新技术，第2005-1期. 2005 * |
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