CN100502104C - Method for making anode material lithium iron phosphate of lithium ion battery based on ferric phosphate direct lithiation - Google Patents
Method for making anode material lithium iron phosphate of lithium ion battery based on ferric phosphate direct lithiation Download PDFInfo
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- CN100502104C CN100502104C CNB2007100593191A CN200710059319A CN100502104C CN 100502104 C CN100502104 C CN 100502104C CN B2007100593191 A CNB2007100593191 A CN B2007100593191A CN 200710059319 A CN200710059319 A CN 200710059319A CN 100502104 C CN100502104 C CN 100502104C
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Abstract
This invention discloses a method for manufacturing LiFe1-xMxPO4, positive material of Li-ionic cells by lithiating Fe3(PO4)2 directly, which dissolves LiOH in water to be matched uniformly with commecial Fe3(PO4)2 to uniform suspension then to be dried and added with conducting agent to be mixed roughly with a mixer, then it is mixed by a gas flow muller and the mixed material is pressed by a press to be sintered in recovery atmosphere to get the target product, which is sieved amd graded to get the product.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of LiFePO 4, especially a kind of high performance method of making lithium ferrous phosphate as anode material of lithium ion battery with the direct lithiumation of ferric phosphate.
Background technology
LiFePO 4 (the LiFePO of olivine structural
4) as the positive electrode of lithium rechargeable battery the earliest by U.S. doctor Padhi (A K Padhi etc., J Electrochem Soc, 1997,144 (4): 1188-1194.) and work together synthetic in 1997.Studies show that: LiFePO
4Have high theoretical capacity (170mAh/g), high working voltage (voltage platform about 3.5V), 3.64g/cm
3Mass density, self discharge little, LiFePO under low current density
4In Li
+Almost can 100% embed/take off embedding, have extended cycle life, good cycle, memory-less effect, higher current potential, cheap, Heat stability is good, advantage such as environmentally friendly, therefore be expected to replace the higher LiCoO of cost
2Become anode material for lithium-ion batteries of new generation.Yet also there are some shortcomings in LiFePO 4, and that one of topmost shortcoming is exactly a conductivity is low.Because LiFePO
4Be lithium ion conductor, electronic conductivity is lower, and multiplying power property is just relatively poor, and specific capacity reduces when high power charging-discharging, cycle performance is poor, and high temperature easily makes particle grow up in the high temperature building-up process in addition.These problems all affect LiFePO
4Extensive use.For overcoming this shortcoming, the researcher and the producer develop technology such as carbon coating, xenogenesis ion doping to improve the conductivity nuclear power chemical property of ferrousphosphate lithium material.
At present, the main synthetic method of LiFePO 4 has:
Solid reaction process: patent CN1581537 has proposed the mechanical solid phase synthesis process of LiFePO 4: with metal iron powder, ferric phosphate, lithium phosphate, mix up element phosphor hydrochlorate, conductive agent or conductive agent presoma and mix in proportion ball milling after, make the LiFePO 4 finished product by sintering.CN1753216 proposes directly to burn till ferrousphosphate lithium material with compound, ferric iron source, phosphoric acid root, nano-sized carbon or the metallic fiber etc. of lithium source, dopant ion as raw material.CN1772604 proposes the method that lithium salts, ferrous salt and phosphate, alloy sintering prepare oxygen place doped LiFePO 4.The CN1785799 proposition is fired altogether with lithium salts, ferrous salt and phosphate and alloy etc. and is equipped with transition element doped ferrous phosphate powder for lithium.CN1790782 proposes to prepare with sintering behind the raw material ball millings such as lithium salts, ferrous salt and phosphate the method for LiFePO 4.The method that CN1958440, CN1958441 proposition is produced LiFePO 4 with the organic substance presoma and the doped metal ion co-sintered of lithium salts, molysite, microcosmic salt, a spot of carbon.CN1948134 proposes to adopt lithium dihydrogen phosphate and tri-iron tetroxide or di-iron trioxide, conductive agent or conductive agent, and sintering makes target product in vacuum furnace.CN1884053 proposes lithium salts, molysite, phosphate are mixed, and adds material with carbon element ball milling once more behind the ball milling, burns till at high pressure then.
Patents such as liquid phase method: CN1632969, CN1632970, CN1635648 propose at first to prepare spherical presoma, fire high-density spherical LiFePO 4 fully altogether with lithium source etc. then.CN1431147 proposes to prepare the nanometer presoma with coprecipitation reaction, and sintering obtains the method for LiFePO 4 then.CN1762798 proposes at first to prepare the lithium iron phosphate precursor process of sintering then.CN1971981 proposes to make presoma with Li source compound, Fe source compound, phosphate radical source compound and electric conducting material.Calcine then target product.
Liquid phase+solid phase method: CN1821065 proposes at first to make the ferrous ammonium phosphate presoma with liquid phase, mixes lithium acetate solid-phase sintering under inert atmosphere then.CN1805181, CN1800003 propose at first to be mixed with ferric phosphate with ferrous iron source compound, doping metals compound, P source compound and oxidant, mix with Li source compound and carbon then, prepare LiFePO 4 behind the sintering.The CN1803591 proposition is mixed in trivalent iron salt, lithium salts, microcosmic salt and reducing agent in the solvent reacts, and obtains unbodied LiFePO 4, and roasting makes the ferrous phosphate lithium powder then.
For improving the performance of LiFePO 4, the researcher has carried out multiple modification: CN1767238 to material and has proposed at first to use the solid phase method synthesizing lithium ferrous phosphate, with the calcium boride mixing and ball milling, continue calcining and make target product then, can improve conductivity of electrolyte materials and tap density simultaneously.CN1797823 proposes the method for doped with metal elements modification.CN1830764 proposes the technology with rear-earth-doped manufacturing LiFePO 4.On the preparation method, CN1821064 proposes with microwave sintering ferrous ammonium phosphate, lithium acetate, carbon source mixture, to obtain spherical LiFePO 4.CN1775666 proposes with lithium carbonate, ferrous oxalate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate etc. through the microwave sintering synthesizing lithium ferrous phosphate.Application number is that 200710058353.7,200710058352.2 patent has proposed the technology that hydro thermal method is made LiFePO 4.
More than in the invention, still there are many problems.When for example using the divalent iron salt synthesizing lithium ferrous phosphate, very high to the anti-oxidation performance requirement of raw material, presoma and synthesis device, increased manufacturing cost.When adopting trivalent iron salt,, higher requirement is proposed for the control of follow-up building-up process though can effectively realize anti-oxidant in the raw material course of processing as raw material.Though for example CN1581537, CN1564343 use trivalent iron salt instead, in batch mixing and building-up process subsequently, be difficult to realize that the microcosmic in ferric iron/carbon/lithium source closely contacts, cause the electrochemistry capacitance of product not high.Existing ferrousphosphate lithium material exists that synthesising stability is poor, the problem of streaking one
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, proposes a kind of product cut size homogeneous, and crystalline phase is pure, stable electrochemical property, and can realize stable production in enormous quantities make the method for lithium ferrous phosphate as anode material of lithium ion battery with the direct lithiumation of ferric phosphate.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of method with the direct lithiumation manufacturing of ferric phosphate lithium ferrous phosphate as anode material of lithium ion battery may further comprise the steps successively:
A, at first that lithium hydroxide is water-soluble makes the aqueous solution, is made into uniform suspension-turbid liquid with ferric phosphate then;
B, in 105-150 ℃ of baking oven, suspension-turbid liquid oven dry removed moisture after, add conductive agent behind the cool to room temperature, slightly mix, mix through airslide disintegrating mill then with batch mixer, with supersonic airstream all material particles are scatter repeatedly, until realizing that submicron-grade superfine mixes;
C, with the material that mixes with the tight pressing of forcing press, sintering under reducing atmosphere sieves, classification obtains LiFePO 4.
The ingredients by weight ratio is among the step a: lithium hydroxide: ferric phosphate=24:(141～161).
The concentration of described lithium hydroxide aqueous solution is 0.1-5M.
Described conductive agent is the high conductivity material, selects a kind of in acetylene black, conductive carbon black or the metal dust for use, and the incorporation of conductive agent is the 1-10% of the weight ratio of total amount.
Described metal dust is a kind of in iron, nickel, copper or the manganese.
Select for use airslide disintegrating mill to carry out mixing of materials 2-5 time.
Described reducing atmosphere is selected the mist of nitrogen and carbon monoxide for use, and percentage by volume is:
Nitrogen 50-95%
CO 5-50％。
8 described reducing atmospheres are selected the mist of argon gas and carbon monoxide for use, and percentage by volume is:
Argon gas 50-95%
CO 5-50％。
Described sintering temperature is 500-800 ℃, and sintering time is 3-30 hour.
Described water is deionized water or distilled water.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: method of the present invention can stablize, mass preparation LiFePO 4 reliably; in the pretreatment of raw material process; need not inert gas shielding; and can realize the careful mixing of stock yard; sintering circuit subsequently directly generates highly purified; uniform particle diameter, crystalline phase is pure, the ferrousphosphate lithium material of stable electrochemical property.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:
The method that the direct lithiumation of ferric phosphate of the present invention prepares lithium ferrous phosphate as anode material of lithium ion battery is as follows:
Lithium hydroxide is water-soluble, make 0.1-5M solution, with commercially available ferric phosphate mixing and stirring, be made into uniform suspension-turbid liquid (if the material thickness, suitable thin up is until becoming free flowable suspension-turbid liquid).The ratio of batching is: lithium hydroxide: ferric phosphate=24:151 (weight ratio).Cool to room temperature after in 105-150 ℃ of baking oven the oven dry of this liquid being removed moisture adds the 1-10% conductive agent, slightly mixes with batch mixer.Through airslide disintegrating mill mixing 2-5 time, all material particles are scatter repeatedly then, until realizing that submicron-grade superfine mixes (distributing with the electron microscope observation uniform particles) with supersonic airstream.With the material that mixes with the tight pressing of forcing press, under the weakly reducing atmosphere of 50-95% nitrogen (perhaps argon gas)+5-50% CO, 500-800 ℃ sintering 3-30 hour, promptly obtain target product.Product sieves, classification obtains the LiFePO 4 finished product.The batch mixing problem of non-uniform that has occurred easily when this product has been avoided pure mechanical mixture, and realize the whole homogeneous reaction of material with reducibility gas, the product cut size homogeneous, crystalline phase is pure, stable electrochemical property, and can realize stable production in enormous quantities.
Above-mentioned conductive agent is selected acetylene black, conductive carbon black or metal (iron, nickel, copper, manganese) powder etc. for use, and described water is deionized water or distilled water.
Embodiment one:
2.4 gram lithium hydroxides are dissolved in 1 liter of deionized water, make 0.1M solution, add 15.1 gram ferric phosphates, fully stir, until being made into free flowable even suspension-turbid liquid.This liquid is removed moisture 105 ℃ of drying in oven, and cool to room temperature adds 0.175 gram conductive carbon black then, slightly mixes with batch mixer.Mix 2 times through airslide disintegrating mill then.With the tight pressing of forcing press, under the reducing atmosphere of 50% nitrogen+50% CO, 500 ℃ of sintering 30 hours promptly obtain target product with the material that mixes.Product sieves, classification obtains the LiFePO 4 finished product.
Embodiment two:
120 gram lithium hydroxides are dissolved in 1 liter of deionized water, make 5M solution, add the commercially available ferric phosphate of 755 grams, fully stir, until being made into flowable even suspension-turbid liquid (if the material thickness, suitable thin up is until becoming free flowable suspension-turbid liquid).This liquid is removed moisture 150 ℃ of drying in oven, and cool to room temperature adds 87.5 gram acetylene blacks then, slightly mixes with batch mixer.Mix 5 times through airslide disintegrating mill then.With the tight pressing of forcing press, under the reducing atmosphere of 95% argon gas+5%CO, 800 ℃ of sintering 3 hours promptly obtain target product with the material that mixes.Product sieves, classification obtains the LiFePO 4 finished product.
Embodiment three:
24 gram lithium hydroxides are dissolved in 1 liter of deionized water, make 1M solution, add the commercially available ferric phosphate of 141 grams, stir until being made into free flowable even suspension-turbid liquid (if the material thickness, suitable thin up is until becoming free flowable suspension-turbid liquid).This liquid is removed moisture, cool to room temperature 120 ℃ of drying in oven.Add 10.5 gram iron powders, slightly mix with batch mixer.Mix 3 times through airslide disintegrating mill then.With the tight pressing of forcing press, under the reducing atmosphere of 90% argon gas+10% CO, 700 ℃ of sintering 15 hours promptly obtain target product with the material that mixes.Product sieves, classification obtains the LiFePO 4 finished product.
Embodiment four:
48 gram lithium hydroxides are dissolved in 1 liter of deionized water, make 2M solution, add the commercially available ferric phosphate of 322 grams, if stir into free flowable even suspension-turbid liquid material thickness, suitable thin up is until becoming free flowable suspension-turbid liquid).This liquid is removed moisture 125 ℃ of drying in oven.Add 35 gram acetylene blacks, slightly mix with batch mixer.Mix 4 times through airslide disintegrating mill then.With the tight pressing of forcing press, under the reducing atmosphere of 85% nitrogen+15% CO, 650 ℃ of sintering 20 hours promptly obtain target product with the material that mixes.Product sieves, classification obtains the LiFePO 4 finished product.
In sum, among the embodiment that content of the present invention is not confined to, the knowledgeable people in the same area can propose other embodiment easily within technological guidance's thought of the present invention, but this embodiment comprises within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of method with the direct lithiumation manufacturing of ferric phosphate lithium ferrous phosphate as anode material of lithium ion battery may further comprise the steps successively:
A, at first that lithium hydroxide is water-soluble makes the aqueous solution, is made into uniform suspension-turbid liquid with ferric phosphate then;
B, in 105～150 ℃ of baking ovens, suspension-turbid liquid oven dry removed moisture after, add conductive agent behind the cool to room temperature, slightly mix, mix through airslide disintegrating mill then with batch mixer, with supersonic airstream all material particles are scatter repeatedly, until realizing that submicron-grade superfine mixes;
C, with the material that mixes with the tight pressing of forcing press, sintering under reducing atmosphere sieves, classification obtains LiFePO 4.
2. the method with the direct lithiumation manufacturing of ferric phosphate lithium ferrous phosphate as anode material of lithium ion battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that the ingredients by weight ratio is among the step a: lithium hydroxide: ferric phosphate=24: (141～161).
3. the method with the direct lithiumation manufacturing of ferric phosphate lithium ferrous phosphate as anode material of lithium ion battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that the concentration of described lithium hydroxide aqueous solution is 0.1～5M.
4. the method with the direct lithiumation manufacturing of ferric phosphate lithium ferrous phosphate as anode material of lithium ion battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that described conductive agent is conductive carbon black or metal dust.
5. according to claim 4ly make the method for lithium ferrous phosphate as anode material of lithium ion battery with the direct lithiumation of ferric phosphate, it is characterized in that, described metal dust is a kind of in iron, nickel, copper or the manganese.
6. the method with the direct lithiumation manufacturing of ferric phosphate lithium ferrous phosphate as anode material of lithium ion battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that, selects for use airslide disintegrating mill to carry out logistics and mixes 2～5 times.
7. according to claim 1ly make the method for lithium ferrous phosphate as anode material of lithium ion battery with the direct lithiumation of ferric phosphate, it is characterized in that, described reducing atmosphere is selected the mist of nitrogen and carbon monoxide for use, and percentage by volume is:
Nitrogen 50～95%
CO 5～50％。
8. according to claim 1ly make the method for lithium ferrous phosphate as anode material of lithium ion battery with the direct lithiumation of ferric phosphate, it is characterized in that, described reducing atmosphere is selected the mist of argon gas and carbon monoxide for use, and percentage by volume is:
Argon gas 50-95%
CO 5-50％。
9, the method with the direct lithiumation manufacturing of ferric phosphate lithium ferrous phosphate as anode material of lithium ion battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that described sintering temperature is 500-800 ℃, and sintering time is 3-30 hour.
10, the method with the direct lithiumation manufacturing of ferric phosphate lithium ferrous phosphate as anode material of lithium ion battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that described water is deionized water or distilled water.
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| CNB2007100593191A CN100502104C (en) | 2007-08-27 | 2007-08-27 | Method for making anode material lithium iron phosphate of lithium ion battery based on ferric phosphate direct lithiation |
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| CN100502104C true CN100502104C (en) | 2009-06-17 |
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| CN102311109B (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2013-07-24 | 河南帝隆科技发展有限公司 | Method for preparing LiFePO4/C composite cathode material by continuous reaction |
| CN103531794B (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2015-12-02 | 金瑞新材料科技股份有限公司 | Lithium ferrous phosphate as anode material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
| EP3348338B1 (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2020-06-10 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Copper paste for joining, method for producing joined body, and method for producing semiconductor device |
| CN111115604A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-05-08 | 博创宏远新材料有限公司 | Preparation method of carbon-doped iron phosphate |
| CN112310391B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-09-17 | 桑顿新能源科技有限公司 | Positive electrode material precursor, positive electrode material and preparation method thereof, lithium ion battery positive electrode, lithium ion battery and electric equipment |
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Inventor after: Li Baofeng Inventor after: Li Dong Inventor before: Li Baofeng |
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Effective date of registration: 20191113 Address after: 313000 room 607, floor 6, building 6, No. 1366, Hongfeng Road, Kangshan street, Huzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province Patentee after: Huzhou zhongkeraishi New Energy Technology Co., Ltd Address before: Hangzhou City, Zhejiang province 310012 West Lake Garden Wind garden 11-1-102 Patentee before: Li Baofeng |