CN100469467C - Equipment and method of combined plasma arc and electric heat for cracking organic waste - Google Patents
Equipment and method of combined plasma arc and electric heat for cracking organic waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN100469467C CN100469467C CNB2003101213420A CN200310121342A CN100469467C CN 100469467 C CN100469467 C CN 100469467C CN B2003101213420 A CNB2003101213420 A CN B2003101213420A CN 200310121342 A CN200310121342 A CN 200310121342A CN 100469467 C CN100469467 C CN 100469467C
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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910006295 Si—Mo Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002906 medical waste Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000628997 Flos Species 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010793 electronic waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 208000006278 hypochromic anemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- GALOTNBSUVEISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum;silicon Chemical compound [Mo]#[Si] GALOTNBSUVEISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQMUQFUTDWISTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.[O-2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[O-2] Chemical compound O.[O-2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[O-2] DQMUQFUTDWISTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000612168 Primula meadia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001300078 Vitrea Species 0.000 description 1
- VEUACKUBDLVUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Ca] Chemical class [Na].[Ca] VEUACKUBDLVUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002894 chemical waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 chloros dibenzofurans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012946 outsourcing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NFBOHOGPQUYFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 NFBOHOGPQUYFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000505 pernicious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005619 thermoelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical group [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
An apparatus for cracking the organic waste by plasma arc and electric heat is composed of a plasma arc furnace with refractory layer, thermal insulating liner, cooling water jacket, feeding inlet, gas exhaust outlet, slag outlet and working gas inlet, power supply, at least two electrods connected with said power supply, crucible with electric heating element, and thermocouple for measuring and controlling temp. Its advantages are low cracking temp (1273-1773 deg.K) and high electrothermal efficiency (100%).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device of plasma pyrolysis debirs, particularly relate to the apparatus and method of a kind of using plasma arc and the compound cracking debirs of electric heating.
Background technology
Organic waste not only composition itself is extremely harmful, but also may include various other poisonous and harmful elements.The bacterial virus of carrying as clinical waste has extremely strong infectiousness, and chemical waste comprises poisonous and hazardous organic matters such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Polychlorinated biphenyls, thereby must effectively handle disposal.Current, the processing of clinical waste and other organic wastes has become an important environmental protection subject under discussion, and various circles of society extremely pay close attention to innoxious processing method.Adopt incinerating method can utterly destroy pathogen, but discharge pernicious gas easily, produce secondary pollution, for example may produce many chloros dibenzodioxin English and many chloros dibenzofurans (PCDDs and PCDFs, be called for short dioxin) etc. harmful substance, become new pollution sources.
Use the plasma technique cracking to handle hazardous waste, can overcome the shortcoming of traditional landfill, burning method, it has efficiently, the advantage of environmental protection.Have some patents at present both at home and abroad, disclose the using plasma technology, rely on electric energy to come organic waste cracking.
The direct-current plasma patented technology of Envirolution, INC. of U.S. star section (Startech) development can be handled the multiple refuse that comprises chemical weapons, but technical sophistication, the equipment cost costliness.
Hans Kalt (United States Patent (USP) 5280757) is with the arc-plasma MSW that gasifies; Ba Dun (United States Patent (USP) 4644877) and Bel's (United States Patent (USP) 4431612) destroy Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) etc. with arc-plasma, but these methods all need be changed electrode, make cost higher.
Grimma, Germany (Chinese patent 89105527.4) patent disclosure employing water-vapor plasma atmosphere and direct current plasma body technique, Australian Union's science and industrial research tissue (Chinese patent 93103682.8) adopt inert gas plasma atmosphere and direct current plasma body technique, but reaction is only carried out in earthenware, reaction compartment is little, brings difficulty to industrialization.
Jusheng Fluorine Chemistry Co Ltd, Zhejiang's (Chinese patent 00128708.7) adopts direct-current plasma to handle organohalogen compounds, but this method is not suitable for handling clinical waste.
Wang Zhongyi, Huang Shaoqing (Chinese patent 01206033.X) adopt direct-current plasma to handle clinical waste, but exist excess air too much, and the tail gas amount is excessive, the shortcoming that the NOx discharge capacity is big.
In sum, there are many shortcomings in above-mentioned existing plasma pyrolysis technology, as: most direct-current plasma torch technology that adopt, equipment complexity, electrothermal efficiency are not high; All energy are from plasma, technical sophistication, and apparatus expensive, electrothermal efficiency is lower, and power consumption is big, and cost is higher, brings difficulty to practicability.Big for the clinical waste equal-volume especially, low density refuse, when complete using plasma heating pyrolyze, need to adopt the plasma torch technology of technical sophistication, perhaps adopt the rotating plasma torch, perhaps adopt the plasma torch of a plurality of special arrangement, utilize flowing of working gas, make the bigger temperature of reactor of volume reach more even, guarantee higher rate of cleavage and cleavage rate more completely.The plasma arc technology that electrothermal efficiency is higher, concentration of energy is fit to little volume high temperature heating, and as high-temperature metal metallurgy, but because the plasma arcs high-temperature area is too small, and energy density is too high, temperature homogeneity is very poor.
At above-mentioned shortcoming, U.S.'s Butler-Mai Mo riel research institute (Battele Memorial Institute) is in direct-current plasma arc fusion pyrolysis furnace, add three root graphite electrodes, feed three-phase alternating current, utilize the molten bath of the slag formation of conduction to form the galvanic circle, produce a joule electrocaloric effect (resistance heat effect) and add hot slag, and then fall into the refuse (Chinese patent application number 96192788.7) of slag by slag heating and cracking.But slag is generally non-conductive at coagulated state, and this auxiliary mode of heating must heat with plasma earlier, the a large amount of slags of fusion, the slag that obtains conducting electricity could heat with electrothermal way, and the electric conductivity of molten slag had requirement, need add slag material according to electric conductivity.Because slag melting is higher, treatment temperature must be higher than the slag that fusing point just can obtain conducting electricity, and system need add more energy, and electric current is wayward.This technology is called arc-plasma and strengthens melting device, becomes product by U.S. the integration environment technology company (IET), and registration mark is PEM---Plasma Enhanced Melter.
The applicant discloses a kind of ac plasma electric arc furnaces in Chinese patent ZL96119824.9, be incorporated herein with aforementioned patent in the lump as a reference.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to: utilize the electric furnace of joule electrocaloric effect to heat at a slow speed merely in order to overcome general employing, low volatilization temperature element and metal gasification can be enriched in the exhaust, and contaminated off-gas causes the shortcoming of the burden that strengthens exhaust treatment system; And at plasma arc temperature height, but be difficult to heat is evenly distributed in bigger space reactor the shortcoming that high-temperature area is little; Thereby a kind of employing heater element is provided, utilizes a joule electrocaloric effect reactor heating crucible, enlarge high-temperature area, the apparatus and method of the compound cracking debirs that combine with the using plasma arc technology.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
The device of a kind of using plasma arc provided by the invention and the compound cracking debirs of electric heating comprises a plasma arc stove, and this furnace body inside is provided with refractory material, heat-barrier material lining and cooling jacket, and body of heater is provided with charging aperture, exhaust outlet and slag notch; The body of heater top is provided with the working gas import; At least two electrode oblique cuttings that are connected with power supply are connected with plasma electrical source at the body of heater top, are provided with crucible in the bottom of plasma arcs stove burner hearth; It is characterized in that on the described crucible independent heating elements is set, this independent heating elements is connected to the power supply of power-adjustable; The thermocouple that thermometric, temperature control are used is installed on the furnace wall.
Described independent heating elements comprises: high-temperature electric heat silk, Elema, conductive heater materials such as Si-Mo rod, this heating element heater are wrapped on the crucible outer wall equably or embed in the crucible body.
Described crucible adopts non-conducting materials such as aluminium oxide or magnesia to make, and perhaps adopts conductive material such as graphite to make; When conductive material crucibles such as employing graphite, for preventing short circuit, joule uncontrollable phenomenon of electrocaloric effect appears, between heater element and graphite crucible, be lined with insulation material layer.
Described power supply is the interchange or the dc source of power-adjustable; AC power is a three-phase alternating-current supply, and transformer need not reactor, needs auto-type transformer, voltage 40～480V.
Described thermocouple comprises: platinum Pt Rh, double platinum rhodium thermoelectricity is Wolfram rhenium heat electric couple occasionally.
The method of a kind of using plasma arc provided by the invention and the compound cracking debirs of electric heating comprises that order is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) pending solid waste is carried out pretreatment procedure and intermittently or add continuously in the crucible of plasma arcs provided by the invention and the compound pyrolysis furnace of electric heating by conveying system;
(2) cracking of carrying out solid waste in plasma arcs and the compound pyrolysis furnace of electric heating is handled, wherein the working gas of cracking processing is reducibility gas or other gas, oxygen content in the working gas and the ratio of the oxygen demand of refuse complete reaction are less than 0.3, and the cracking treatment temperature is 1273K-1573K;
(3) gas of discharging after the plasma arc furnace cracking enters exhaust treatment system, through conventional tail cold cooling out of breath, acid gas purifying handle, the particulate separation treatment process;
(4) step (3) separated particulate material and gas are reclaimed respectively according to a conventional method.
Described pretreatment procedure comprises pending solid waste is carried out conventional fragmentation and/or gasifying process.
Described other gas comprises: inert gas or steam.
When also being included in the sour gas processing of step (3), add the alkaline matter that is used for the tail gas middle acid substance, this alkaline matter comprises: calcium oxide, NaOH or potassium hydroxide.
Also be included in to add in the step (2) and be used to generate Vitrea metal oxide, silicon compound, calcium compound and iron in plasma arc furnace, it adds weight portion: 20～40 parts of silicon compounds, 30～50 parts of calcium sodium compounds, 20～40 parts of iron and metal oxides.
Described silicon compound is a silica.
Described calcium compound is a calcium carbonate.
Described sodium compound is a sodium carbonate.
Described iron and metal oxide comprise: di-iron trioxide, tri-iron tetroxide, metal iron plate, aluminium block or sheet.
Compound heating pyrolyze device of plasma of the present invention and technology, employing is provided with the structure of heating element heater on the crucible of plasma arcs stove, mode of heating is different from the method for U.S. Butler research institute, adopt independently heater element, do not need to rely on the conduction of slag, just can adopt a joule electrocaloric effect to add hot waste, therefore cracking temperature can be controlled under the lower temperature of 1273-1773K saves energy consumption.Compare the plasma torch heating means of general employing, the present invention adopts the auxiliary heating of joule electrocaloric effect, although electric heating speed is slower, but a joule electrocaloric effect mode of heating does not need in advance electric energy to be converted into plasma and adds hot waste again, can reach 100% electrothermal efficiency, and equipment is simple and reliable, improves gross efficiency, makes power consumption few.And, for the plasma pyrolysis stove of identical cracking ability because the power of plasma generator and plasma electrical source descends significantly, only be pure plasma furnace electrical power 20～50%, equipment investment can be saved significantly.The present invention is fit to the not debirs of the very high cracking temperature of needs of cracking, and as clinical waste etc., the temperature that does not need to reach the residue fusion just can be worked.
The present invention compares with the simple general electric furnace of joule electrocaloric effect that utilizes, because plasma temperature height, heating is fast, can form the silico-calcium compound fast, overcome the heating at a slow speed of general electric furnace, low volatilization temperature element and metal gasification can be enriched in the exhaust, contaminated off-gas strengthens the shortcoming that exhaust treatment system is born.Using plasma arc technology of the present invention can effectively be controlled exhaust emissions.
Because the present invention does not rely on the electric conductivity of slag, do not rely on the crucible conduction yet, thereby can adopt various crucible material, not only can adopt oxidizing atmosphere, more can adopt inertia or reducing atmosphere cracking refuse, when adopting oxidisability work gas, the oxygen content in the working gas and the ratio of the oxygen demand of refuse complete reaction guarantee its cracking reaction less than 0.3.Also can in reactor, add steam, make synthesis gas.
The present invention also adopts high frequency to assist arc starter, and can traveling electrode adjust operating voltage.
The present invention is fit to the not debirs of the very high cracking temperature of needs of cracking, as clinical waste and chemicals etc., be particularly suitable for electronic wastes such as electronic line plate, the temperature that does not need to reach the residue fusion just can be worked.
Device of the present invention and technology, can continuous 24 hours continuous service or intermitten service, can select voluntarily as requested.
Description of drawings
The compound pyrolysis furnace structural representation of Fig. 1 plasma arcs and electric heating
The installation signal of Fig. 2 heating material on crucible, Fig. 2 a is that heating element heater is embedded, Fig. 2 b is the heating element heater packaging type.
Among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2:
Crucible 4 slags 5 electrodes 6
Charging aperture 7 work gas 8 exhaust outlets 9 that enter the mouth
Slag notch 10 stops up 11 electrode locators 12
Resistance heated power supply 16 non-conducting material crucibles 21 heating element heaters 22
Conductive material crucible 23 insulating materials 24
The technological process of the compound cracking debirs of Fig. 3 plasma arcs and electric heating
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in detail:
Referring to accompanying drawing 1, make a plasma electric arc furnaces, structure as shown in Figure 1.Upper furnace body 1 and lower furnace body 3 are steel shell, and their inboard is provided with refractory material and heat-barrier material lining 2, and the bottom of lower furnace body 3 is provided with crucible 4, is added with heat screen between crucible 4 and stove inwall.
With reference to figure 2b is the packaging type structure, and innermost layer is the crucible 23 that conduction refractory constitutes, and its crucible 23 coated outside one deck insulating refractorieses 24 are wrapped in heating element heater 22 outside the insulating refractories 24.
In accompanying drawing 1 plasma arc furnace of made, use the structure shown in Fig. 2 b with heating element heater parcel crucible, handle in conjunction with the cracking of carrying out debirs, the present invention is described in detail, its technological process is as shown in Figure 3.
The top of stove is inserted with three electrodes of connecting with the power supply (not shown) 6 (profile is only represented two electrodes) relatively, and this electrode 6 is a graphite electrode.When practical application, can be according to the electrode of power supply type symmetry installation more than two, the angle angle that electrode and furnace axis line form is between 0 to 90 degree.Plasma arc furnace can adopt dc source operation (voltage 40-500V) as required, perhaps adopts AC power frequency supply (frequency 50-60Hz, voltage 40-350V), and power supply has saturable reactor.AC power can be single-phase or three phase supply, also can be three single phase power supplies.Present embodiment is the three-phase main-frequency power supply.Electrode 6 can be the thermode that graphite or high-temperature metal are made, and also can be the water cooled electrode that metal such as oxygen-free copper is made, and present embodiment is a graphite electrode, and plasma electrical source 15 is electrically connected with electrode 6.Plasma forms by the discharge between the electrode tip in the stove, does not rely on the conductive characteristic of furnace charge.Plasma power 150kW, electrical heating 100kW handles clinical waste, and ability is 200～300 kilograms/hour.Sidewall of crucible surface temperature scope 1273～1373K, power consumption 0.6-1.3kW-h/kg, the technological process of present embodiment cracking processing debirs is as shown in Figure 3.
The crucible 23 that described independent heating unit is made of a graphite material, these crucible 23 outsourcing alumina insulation materials 24, electrical heating elements 22 adopts the high-temperature electric resistance furnace silk, be wrapped in outside the insulating materials 24, the power supply of heating 22 adopts three-phase alternating current, auto-type transformer, output voltage are 40～480V, can adjust electric thermal power.
Working gas hydrogen is entered by the passage of the work gas inlet 8 of the center setting of furnace roof, is plasma gas by the electric arc ionization between electrode tip.Refuse (solid and gas) through pre-treatment enters stove from the feeding mouth 7 that is positioned at upper furnace body 1 or lower furnace body 3, through contact cracking at high temperature with plasma gas.The gas that produces after the cracking is discharged from gas discharge outlet 9, and inorganic matter wherein forms metal level in graphite crucible and slag fused layer 5 is deposited in the crucible 4, discharges from the slag fused 5 and the metal floss hole 10 (or appellation slag notch) of crucible 4 bottoms again.Be provided with in the floss hole 10 and stop up 11.Plasma arc furnace can be in operation and regularly discharge metal and slag fused from floss hole 10, can therefrom collect metal and vitreum.Its feeding mouth 7 and gas discharge outlet 9 are arranged in furnace roof, and when practical application, they also can be arranged in the furnace side.
Plasma arc furnace adopts water cooling, and as shown in Figure 1, cooling water enters body of heater by import 13, is discharged by outlet 14, by this cooling measure, makes the body of heater surface temperature not be higher than 50 ℃ of environment temperatures.
Described cracking working gas is a hydrogen plasma.
Because contain the sour gas composition hardly in the refuse, and particle is few, imflammable gas directly send burner combustion, has omitted step (3).
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings 1,2 and 3, on the basis of embodiment 1, apparatus and method are further described.
Its difference is the plasma arc part: 2 at water-cooled copper electrode connects the direct-current plasma power supply, plasma power 50kW, electrical heating 100kW, 120～180 kilograms/hour of disposal abilities, in the time of in the sidewall of crucible surface temperature is controlled at 1473～1573K scope, power consumption is 0.9-1.2kW-h/kg.
Adopt electrical heating elements to embed the structure of crucible.Described crucible is that magnesium oxide material is made, with combined reference Fig. 2 a of heating.This structure is Embedded structure, silicon-carbon heating element heater 22 is wrapped on crucible 21 internal layers of non-conductive refractory material formation, outside heating element heater 22, overlap the crucible skin that non-conductive refractory material that a size matches constitutes then again, form embedded structure, heating element heater 22 is received on the resistance heated power supply 16 by lead-out wire, power supply uses three-phase alternating current, auto-type transformer, and output voltage is 40～480V.
Present embodiment is used to handle electronic waste, process distinction is: working gas adopts argon gas, has little air and processed material together to enter crucible, and oxygen content and the ratio of the needed COD of trash burning are less than 0.3 in the assurance gas, and the adding a small amount of water vapor, form synthesis gas.
Electronic waste is through broken, sends into the charging aperture on pyrolysis furnace top by screw(-type) feeder, enters pyrolysis furnace and handles.Flammable synthesis gas is discharged from exhaust outlet.
Owing to contain various harmful components in the synthesis gas, therefore adopt conventional tail gas treatment process to carry out post processing.Exhaust treatment system comprises: the water spray chilling is lowered the temperature, and adopts semidry method to handle sour gas, and the adding alkaline matter is used for and the tail gas middle acid substance during processing, adopts the particle in the bag separator collection tail gas then.Described alkaline matter adopts calcium oxide, adds quantity and determines according to acid gas quantity contained in the tail gas.
Gas after clean the processing send generator for electricity generation.
Present embodiment processing object and heating element heater damascene structures are identical with embodiment 2, but realize the method difference of damascene structures.
The crucible 4 of present embodiment is structure as a whole, and material is an aluminium oxide, by punching in the above, the high-temperature electric heat silk is penetrated, and forms the embedded structure of heating element heater, and the temperature of sidewall of crucible is in 1373～1473K scope.Can also adopt silicon molybdenum electrical bar, imbed magnesian crucible blank in advance, be processed into sinter molding behind the suitable shape, form the heating element heater embedded structure.Adopt silicon molybdenum electrical bar and magnesian combination can obtain higher operating temperature.
Claims (8)
1, the device of debirs is handled in the compound cracking of a kind of using plasma arc and electric heating, it is characterized in that, comprise a plasma arc stove, this furnace body inside is provided with refractory material and heat-barrier material lining and cooling jacket, and body of heater is provided with charging aperture, exhaust outlet and slag notch; The body of heater top is provided with the working gas import; At least two electrode oblique cuttings that are connected with power supply are provided with crucible at the body of heater top in the bottom of plasma arcs stove burner hearth; It is characterized in that, on the described crucible independent heating elements is set, this independent heating elements is connected to the interchange or the dc source of power-adjustable, and the thermocouple that thermometric, temperature control are used is installed on the furnace wall.
2. handle the device of debirs by described using plasma arc of claim 1 and the compound cracking of electric heating, it is characterized in that, described independent heating elements comprises: high-temperature electric heat silk, Elema, Si-Mo rod or other conductive heater material, this independent heating elements are wrapped on the crucible outer wall equably or embed in the crucible body.
3 devices by described using plasma arc of claim 1 and the compound cracking processing of electric heating debirs is characterized in that described crucible adopts aluminium oxide or magnesian non-conducting material to make, and perhaps adopts the graphite refractory material to make.
4. handle the device of debirs by described using plasma arc of claim 2 and the compound cracking of electric heating, it is characterized in that, described independent heating elements is wrapped on the crucible outer wall equably: innermost layer is the crucible that conduction refractory constitutes, its crucible coated outside one deck insulating refractories is wrapped in described independent heating elements outside the insulating refractories.
5. handle the device of debirs by described using plasma arc of claim 2 and the compound cracking of electric heating, it is characterized in that, it is following manner that described independent heating elements embeds the crucible inner structure: described independent heating elements is the silicon-carbon heating element heater, on this silicon-carbon heating element heater is wrapped in the crucible body that non-conductive refractory material constitutes, outside the silicon-carbon heating element heater, overlap the crucible skin that non-conductive refractory material that a size matches constitutes then again.
6. handle the device of debirs by described using plasma arc of claim 1 and the compound cracking of electric heating, it is characterized in that, the power supply of described independent heating elements adopts three-phase alternating current, and auto-type transformer, the output voltage of this auto-type transformer are 40～480V.
7. an application rights requires the device of 1 described plasma arcs and the compound cracking processing of electric heating debirs to carry out method for cracking treatment, it is characterized in that, comprises that order is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) pending solid waste is carried out pretreatment procedure and intermittently or add continuously in the crucible in the plasma arcs stove by conveying system;
(2) handle in the plasma arcs stove, wherein the working gas handled of cracking is a reducibility gas, and the oxygen content in the working gas and the ratio of the oxygen demand of refuse complete reaction are less than 0.3, and the cracking treatment temperature is 1273K-1573K;
(3) gas of discharging after the cracking of plasma arcs stove enters exhaust treatment system, through conventional tail cold cooling out of breath, purification, sour gas handle, the particulate separation treatment process;
(4) step (3) separated particulate material and gas are reclaimed respectively according to a conventional method.
8, the device by the described processing debirs of claim 7 carries out method for cracking treatment, it is characterized in that, also is included in when gas enters exhaust treatment system in the step (3), adds the alkaline matter that is used for the tail gas middle acid substance.
9. the device by the described processing debirs of claim 8 carries out method for cracking treatment, it is characterized in that, described alkaline matter comprises: calcium oxide, NaOH or potassium hydroxide add quantity and determine according to acid gas quantity contained in the tail gas.
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| CNB2003101213420A CN100469467C (en) | 2003-12-12 | 2003-12-12 | Equipment and method of combined plasma arc and electric heat for cracking organic waste |
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| CN102679718A (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-19 | 孙晓冰 | Novel transferred arc plasma furnace structural design |
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