CN100466774C - 一种扇区化基站 - Google Patents

一种扇区化基站 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100466774C
CN100466774C CNB2007100993989A CN200710099398A CN100466774C CN 100466774 C CN100466774 C CN 100466774C CN B2007100993989 A CNB2007100993989 A CN B2007100993989A CN 200710099398 A CN200710099398 A CN 200710099398A CN 100466774 C CN100466774 C CN 100466774C
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China
Prior art keywords
unit
shared
feedback
base station
emission
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CNB2007100993989A
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CN101052170A (zh
Inventor
文海
岳陵
赵天忠
彭卫红
谭胜斌
王爱猛
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to CNB2007100993989A priority Critical patent/CN100466774C/zh
Publication of CN101052170A publication Critical patent/CN101052170A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2008/070975 priority patent/WO2008141571A1/zh
Priority to AT08748581T priority patent/ATE468727T1/de
Priority to DE602008001292T priority patent/DE602008001292D1/de
Priority to EP08748581A priority patent/EP2043377B1/en
Priority to US12/352,766 priority patent/US20090122910A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN100466774C publication Critical patent/CN100466774C/zh
Priority to US14/172,690 priority patent/US20140153493A1/en
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Abstract

本发明提供一种扇区化基站，该基站包括：共用发射射频本振TX_LO，共用接收射频本振RX_LO，共用数字信号处理单元，共用发射反馈单元中的至少一个单元。本发明实施例采用扇区化基站中的中射频单元电路共用的技术方案，在保证基站的通信容量不变的情况下，减少了电路中使用的元件数量，提高了单板的可靠性指标，从而提高了***的可靠性；并且减少了物料成本，缩短了调测时间，从而降低了基站成本。

Description

一种扇区化基站
技术领域
本发明涉及电子通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种扇区化基站。
背景技术
目前，移动通信技术广泛的应用于生活工作的各个方面，移动通信为通信双方或至少其中一方在移动状态中进行信息传递的通信方式。移动通信过程中的通信双方为：基站和终端。
基站是无线电台站的一种形式，是指在一定的无线电覆盖区中，通过移动通信交换中心，与移动电话终端之间进行信息传递的无线电收发信电台。它主要由收发信机单元、时钟单元、基带处理单元等组成。收发信机包括中射频单元，用于完成基带信号和射频信号之间的转变，即，基站接收终端发送的射频信号，将接收到的射频信号处理为基带信号，并将需要发送的基带信号处理为射频信号并发送。
基站的组网方式，即中射频单元的实现方案，通常有两种，包括：
第一种，采用同心圆的方式实现的全向基站，即单个基站实现单扇区(即一个圆形)的电波覆盖，整个基站只有一套中射频单元，基站的通信容量较小。
第二种，为了增加基站的通信容量，采用蜂窝组网方式实现的多扇区基站，即一个基站覆盖多扇区(如图1所示，一个基站覆盖3个标记为F1的扇区)。通常由几组指向不同的天线形成几个移动通信扇区，每个扇区对应不同的中射频单元，各个中射频单元间彼此独立。
下面结合图2所示的全向基站中的中射频单元的结构框图，说明基站中的中射频单元对接收信号和发射信号的处理过程。图2所示的中射频单元的结构框图为典型的两收一发(即两个接收单元一个发送单元)的形式，现有中射频单元的具体实现中，还存在一发一收(即一个接收单元一个发送单元)的形式，以及MIMO(多发多收)(即多个接收单元多个发送单元)等形式。可以理解的是，其他各个形式中每个单元对信号的处理过程与图2所示的两收一发的典型形式类似，下面对图2所示的两收一发的中射频单元对信号的处理过程进行详细叙述。
中射频单元通过其内设置的射频信号接收单元对来自收发共天线的接收主集信号进行处理，具体的处理过程包括：来自收发共天线的接收主集信号首先经过滤波单元(比如图2中的DUP(双工滤波器))实现与发射信号的隔离和滤波，之后经过放大单元(比如图2中的LNA(低噪声放大器))实现小信号的放大、滤波单元(比如图2中的RF-Filter(射频滤波器))对信号进行滤波、经混频单元(比如图2中的Mixer(混频器))得到较低的频率，随后再经放大单元(比如图2中的AMP(放大器))进行放大、滤波单元(比如图2中的中频Filter(滤波器))进行滤波，之后经过模数转换单元(比如图2中的ADC(模数变换器))进行模数转换，最后在数字信号处理单元，包括DSP(数字信号处理单元)和FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)中完成数字信号处理后送到基带信号处理部分。
中射频单元通过其内设置的射频信号接收单元对经过分集天线完成接收而得到的接收分集信号进行处理，具体的处理过程包括：接收分集信号首先通过滤波单元(比如图2中的RX Filter(接收滤波器))，之后的处理过程与接收主集信号的处理过程类似。
中射频单元通过其内设置的射频信号发送单元对发射基带信号进行处理，具体的处理过程包括：发射基带信号经过数字信号处理单元，包括DSP和FPGA处理后送到数模转换单元(比如图2中的DAC(数模变换器))完成数模转换，之后由调制单元(比如图2中的MOD(调制器))调制到射频频率，经过放大单元(比如图2中的AMP)进行小信号放大，再由功放单元(比如图2中的PA(功放))完成功率放大后送到滤波单元(比如图2中的DUP(双工滤波器))，最后通过ANT(天线)完成信号的发送。
中射频单元通过其内设置的发射反馈单元对发射反馈信号进行处理，具体的处理过程包括：用Coupler(耦合器)耦合部分发射信号功率，经过混频单元(比如图2中的Mixer)下变频到较低的频率上，再经过放大单元(比如图2中的AMP)和滤波单元(比如图2中的Filter))后送到模数转换单元，最后送到数字信号处理单元，包括DSP和FPGA处理后作为功放数字预失真信号的反馈输入。功放数字预失真技术是提高功放线性度的一种技术方法。
在采用蜂窝组网方式实现的多扇区基站中，基站一般覆盖2个或2个以上的扇区，各扇区采用独立的中射频单元，并且各个中射频单元设计在不同的模块中，每一扇区的中射频单元都包含了图2所示的全向基站中的中射频单元中的所有部分。在多扇区基站中，各个扇区中的中射频单元独立工作。
发明人在发现本发明的过程中发现，在多扇区基站中，各个扇区均有一个中射频单元，各扇区的中射频单元彼此独立，电路设计繁冗复杂，并且由于电路单元共用性差，导致成本较高。
因此，目前没有扇区化基站能够简化电路设计，降低成本。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种扇区化基站，能够实现基站中的中射频单元在不同扇区之间的共用。
本发明实施例是通过以下技术方案实现的：
本发明实施例提供一种扇区化基站，包括至少两套：设置于射频信号发送单元中的调制单元或混频单元，以及设置于射频信号发送单元中的数模转换单元，设置于射频信号接收单元中的混频单元和模数转换单元，所述基站包括：共用发射射频本振TX_LO，共用接收射频本振RX_LO，共用数字信号处理单元，共用发射反馈单元中的至少一个单元，其中，
所述共用TX_LO与射频信号发送单元中的调制单元或混频单元相连，作为基站中所有扇区的发射射频本振；
所述共用RX_LO与射频信号接收单元中的混频单元相连，作为基站中所有扇区的接收射频本振；
所述共用数字信号处理单元与数模转换单元和/或模数转换单元相连，用于进行基站中所有扇区的数字信号处理；
所述共用发射反馈单元，用于进行基站中所有扇区的发射信号的反馈处理。
由上述本发明实施例提供的技术方案可以看出，本发明实施例采用扇区化基站中的中射频单元电路共用的技术方案，在保证基站的通信容量不变的情况下，减少了电路中使用的元件数量，提高了单板的可靠性指标，从而提高了***的可靠性；并且减少了物料成本，缩短了调测时间，从而降低了基站成本。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中蜂窝组网扇区化覆盖示意图；
图2为现有技术中全向基站中的中射频单元的结构框图；
图3为本发明实施例的中射频单元结构图；
图4为本发明实施例的3扇区基站中的中射频单元结构图。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例通过对扇区化基站中的中射频单元的共用设计，将多扇区基站中的中射频电路设置在一个模块中，实现通信容量大、成本低的目的。基站覆盖N(N≥2)个扇区时，中射频单元包括N套设置于射频信号发送单元中的调制单元或混频单元，以及数模转换单元，设置于射频信号接收单元中的混频单元和模数转换单元。
对中射频单元的共用设计可以包括：各扇区的发射反馈单元共用或者部分共用，各扇区的发射射频本振共用，各扇区的接收射频本振共用，各扇区数字信号处理单元(比如：DSP、FPGA或者其他数字信号处理元件)共用中的至少一种情况。具体可以包括以下四种共用情况：
情况一：各扇区的发射反馈单元、发射射频本振、接收射频本振、数字信号处理单元都共用；
情况二：各扇区的发射反馈单元、发射射频本振、接收射频本振、数字信号处理单元中的一个单元共用；
情况三：各扇区的发射反馈单元、发射射频本振、接收射频本振、数字信号处理单元中的任意两个单元共用；
情况四：各扇区的发射反馈单元、发射射频本振、接收射频本振、数字信号处理单元中的任意三个单元共用。
各个单元经共用后，可以分别作为共用发射反馈单元、共用发射射频本振、共用接收射频本振、共用数字信号处理单元。
并且，在上述四种情况中，若存在各扇区的发射反馈单元共用的情况，则对发射反馈单元的共用存在以下几种共用情况：
情况一：各扇区的发射反馈单元中的混频单元、反馈射频本振、放大单元、滤波单元、模数转换单元都共用；
情况二：各扇区的发射反馈单元中的混频单元、反馈射频本振、放大单元、滤波单元、模数转换单元中的一个单元共用；
情况三：各扇区的发射反馈单元中的混频单元、反馈射频本振、放大单元、滤波单元、模数转换单元中的任意两个单元共用；
情况四：各扇区的发射反馈单元中的混频单元、反馈射频本振、放大单元、滤波单元、模数转换单元中的任意三个单元共用；
情况五：各扇区的发射反馈单元中的混频单元、反馈射频本振、放大单元、滤波单元、模数转换单元中的任意四个单元共用。
情况二至情况五为发射反馈单元部分共用的情况。可以理解的是，在混频单元共用的情况下，反馈射频本振也共用；但是在反馈射频本振共用的情况下，混频单元可以共用，也可以不共用。并且发射反馈单元中的混频单元、反馈射频本振、放大单元、滤波单元、模数转换单元任意单元共用时，也可以全部共用或部分共用，即基站覆盖N(N≥3)个扇区时，如果放大单元共用，可以为全部共用，即发射反馈单元中的只有1个共用放大单元，没有放大单元；也可以为部分共用，即发射反馈单元中有n个共用放大单元和m个放大单元，1<(n+m)≤(N-1)
各个单元经共用后，可以分别作为共用混频单元、共用反馈射频本振、共用放大单元、共用滤波单元、共用模数转换单元。
图3为本发明第一个实施例的中射频单元结构图，具体包括：
共用发射射频本振TX_LO，共用接收射频本振RX_LO，共用数字信号处理单元，共用发射反馈单元中的至少一个单元。即，本发明实施例的中射频单元中可以包括：共用发射射频本振TX_LO，共用接收射频本振RX_LO，共用数字信号处理单元，共用发射反馈单元；或者，共用发射射频本振TX_LO，共用接收射频本振RX_LO，共用数字信号处理单元，共用发射反馈单元中的一个单元；或者，共用发射射频本振TX_LO，共用接收射频本振RX_LO，共用数字信号处理单元，共用发射反馈单元中的任意两个单元；或者，共用发射射频本振TX_LO，共用接收射频本振RX_LO，共用数字信号处理单元，共用发射反馈单元中的任意三个单元，其中，
该共用TX_LO与各个射频信号发送单元(比如：图3中的射频信号发送单元1至N)中的调制单元相连，作为基站中所有扇区的发射射频本振；该调制单元的作用包括对信号进行正交调制处理，若将该调制单元中的正交调制处理部分设置在共用数字信号处理单元中，则在各个射频信号发送单元中，用混频单元替代调制单元的位置，在这种情况下，该共用TX_LO与各个射频信号发送单元中的混频单元相连，作为基站中所有扇区的发射射频本振；
该共用RX_LO与各个射频信号接收单元(比如：图3中的射频信号接收单元1至N)中的混频单元相连，作为基站中所有扇区的接收射频本振；
该共用数字信号处理单元与数模转换单元和/或模数转换单元相连，用于进行基站中所有扇区的数字信号处理；
该共用发射反馈单元与各个扇区的需要进行发射反馈的射频信号发送单元连接，具体的连接方式可以包括耦合，用于进行基站中所有扇区的发射信号的反馈处理；
在基站包括共用发射反馈单元的情况下，基站还包括：
开关，用于连接共用发射反馈单元与需要进行发射反馈的射频信号发送单元。该开关可以为单刀多掷开关或者具有选择功能的其他各种开关。
在共用发射反馈单元部分共用的情况下，共用发射反馈单元具体包括：共用混频单元，共用反馈射频本振TXF_LO，共用放大单元，共用滤波单元，共用模数转换单元中的至少一个单元。即，在本发明实施例的共用发射反馈单元中可以包括：共用混频单元，共用反馈射频本振TXF_LO，共用放大单元，共用滤波单元，共用模数转换单元；或者，共用混频单元，共用反馈射频本振TXF_LO，共用放大单元，共用滤波单元，共用模数转换单元中的一个单元；或者，共用混频单元，共用反馈射频本振TXF_LO，共用放大单元，共用滤波单元，共用模数转换单元中的任意两个单元；或者，共用混频单元，共用反馈射频本振TXF_LO，共用放大单元，共用滤波单元，共用模数转换单元中的任意三个单元；或者，共用混频单元，共用反馈射频本振TXF_LO，共用放大单元，共用滤波单元，共用模数转换单元中的任意四个单元。并且，在上述各个情况的共用发射反馈单元中均可以包括混频单元，反馈射频本振TXF_LO，放大单元，滤波单元，模数转换单元中的至少一个单元。其中，
该共用混频单元与共用发射反馈单元中的放大单元和/或共用放大单元相连，用于在进行基站中所有扇区的发射信号的反馈处理的过程中，对所有反馈信号进行混频处理；
该共用TXF_LO与共用发射反馈单元中的混频单元和/或共用混频单元相连，用于在进行基站中所有扇区的发射信号的反馈处理的过程中，作为所有反馈信号的反馈射频本振；
该共用放大单元与共用发射反馈单元中的混频单元和/或共用混频单元相连，以及与共用发射反馈单元中的滤波单元或共用滤波单元相连，用于在进行基站中所有扇区的发射信号的反馈处理的过程中，对所有反馈信号进行放大处理；
该共用滤波单元与共用发射反馈单元中的放大单元和/或共用放大单元相连，以及与共用发射反馈单元中的模数转换单元或共用模数转换单元相连，用于在进行基站中所有扇区的发射信号的反馈处理的过程中，对所有反馈信号进行滤波处理；
该共用模数转换单元与共用发射反馈单元中的滤波单元和/或共用滤波单元相连，用于在进行基站中所有扇区的发射信号的反馈处理的过程中，对所有反馈信号进行模数转换处理。
在共用发射反馈单元全部共用的情况下，开关位于射频信号发送单元和共用发射反馈单元之间；在共用发射反馈单元部分共用的情况下，开关用于连接射频信号发送单元和共用发射反馈单元中的共用单元，即，根据共用单元的不同情况，可能需要一个或多个开关(比如，若仅存在共用放大单元，则需要两组开关，一组用于连接射频信号发送单元和共用放大单元，一组设置于共用放大单元和滤波单元之间，用于连接共用放大单元和共用发射反馈单元中的各个滤波单元)。
下面以3扇区基站为本发明的第二个具体实施例，对本发明实施例装置的具体实现进行详细叙述。
图4为本发明实施例的3扇区基站中的中射频单元结构图，在图4所示的结构图中，包括各扇区发射反馈单元的共用，各扇区射频本振共用，各扇区中频信号处理部分DSP和FPGA共用的情况。共用后的中射频单元具体包括：一个发射反馈单元，两个射频本振，一个DSP和FPGA处理部分，以及三个接收主集通道，三个接收分集通道，三个发送通道，其中，
一个发射反馈单元，用于实现各扇区发射反馈单元共用功能。由于发射反馈单元的作用是提供数字预失真的反馈输入，通常情况下每扇区的发射信号总功率相对稳定，而中频信号处理部分在反馈输入消失时会保持反馈输入消失前的状态，因此可以采用一个3选1的开关来分时轮流选择每扇区的功放的反馈信号，可以将3扇区基站中的3个发射反馈单元合并为一个，实现整个发射反馈单元的多扇区共用，从而反馈单元的射频本振TXF_LO个数也减少到1个。
两个射频本振，包括：用于实现各扇区发射射频本振共用的TX_LO，用于实现各扇区接收射频本振的共用的RX_LO，即射频信号接收、发射单元各使用一个本振。这样，对于覆盖N个扇区的基站来说，收发射频本振可以减少2(N-1)个。
一个DSP和FPGA处理部分，用于将各扇区数字信号处理部分DSP和FPGA共用，将中频信号处理单元中DSP和FPGA可以形成资源池，实现共用。
三个接收主集通道，用于进行主集信号的接收；
三个接收分集通道，用于进行分集信号的接收；
三个发送通道，用于进行基带信号的发送。
本发明的第三个实施例是对本发明的第二个实施例的改进，即将对各扇区发射反馈通道的共用设置成对各扇区发射反馈通道的部分共用，对各扇区射频本振共用和各扇区中频信号处理部分DSP和FPGA共用的情况不发生变化。
对各扇区发射反馈通道进行部分共用的结构可以为：将本发明的第二个实施例中的反馈通道中的3选1开关后移，这样，只能共用开关以后的部分电路，开关之前的电路则无法共用，此时开关之前的电路仍需要3组。比如：若将3选1开关设置在AMP和Filter之间，则需要设置3组Mixer、TXF_LO和AMP电路，而设置1组Filter和ADC电路。
本发明的第二个实施例的扇区化基站中的中射频单元对接收信号和发送对射频信号和基带信号的处理过程具体包括：
中射频单元对来自收发共天线的接收主集信号的处理过程包括：来自收发共天线的接收主集信号首先经过DUP实现与发射信号的隔离，之后经过LNA实现信号的放大、Filter对信号进行滤波、Mixer得到较低的频率，随后再进行AMP进行放大、Filter进行滤波，之后经过ADC进行模数转换，最后在DSP和FPGA中完成数字信号处理后送到基带信号处理部分。在该处理过程中，三个接收主集信号在分别经过Mixer得到较低的频率的过程中，使用相同的RX_LO，并且在DSP和FPGA处理部分的处理过程中，使用同一个DSP和FPGA。
中射频单元对分集天线完成接收而得到的接收分集信号的处理过程包括：接收分集信号首先通过RX Filter，之后的处理过程与接收主集信号的处理过程类似。在该处理过程中，三个接收分集信号在分别经过Mixer得到较低的频率的过程中，使用相同的RX_LO，并且在DSP和FPGA处理部分的处理过程中，使用同一个DSP和FPGA。
中射频单元对发射基带信号的处理过程包括：发射基带信号经过DSP和FPGA处理后送到DAC完成数模转换，之后由MOD调制到射频频率，经过AMP进行小信号放大，再由PA完成功率放大后送到DUP，最后通过ANT(天线)完成信号的发送。在该处理过程中，三个基带信号在数字信号处理部分中，使用同一个DSP和FPGA，并且在分别经过MOD的过程中，使用相同的TX_LO。
中射频单元中发射反馈单元的处理过程包括：用Coupler(耦合器)耦合部分发射信号功率，经过Mixer下变频到较低的频率上，再经过AMP和Filter后送到模数转换器，最后送到DSP和FPGA处理后作为功放数字预失真信号的反馈输入。功放数字预失真技术是提高功放线性度的一种技术方法。在该反射反馈的处理过程中，将3选1开关中的开关置于目前的位置，能够实现发射通道1的反馈，同样的，将3选1开关中的开关左移1个或2个，能够分别实现发射通道2或者3的反馈。
同样的，若多扇区基站覆盖N个扇区(N为任意自然数)，均可以采用本发明实施例进行基站中的中射频单元的共用。即，对于覆盖N个扇区的基站来说，较优情况下，反馈通道可以节省N-1个，DSP和FPGA处理部分可以节省N-1个，收发射频本振可以减少2(N-1)个。
可以理解的是，不同基站的中射频单元的具体结构的不同，会导致中射频单元对发射信号和接收信号的处理流程有差异，但是仍然能采用本发明实施例的将RX_LO、TX_LO、数字信号处理单元、发射反馈单元中的至少一个共用的方法对信号进行处理。并且，其中的共用发射反馈单元可以部分共用。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。

Claims (3)

1、一种扇区化基站，包括至少两套:设置于射频信号发送单元中的调制单元或混频单元，以及设置于射频信号发送单元中的数模转换单元，设置于射频信号接收单元中的混频单元和模数转换单元，其特征在于，所述基站包括:共用发射射频本振TX_LO，共用接收射频本振RX_LO，共用数字信号处理单元，共用发射反馈单元中的至少一个单元，其中，
所述共用TX_LO与射频信号发送单元中的调制单元或混频单元相连，作为基站中所有扇区的发射射频本振；
所述共用RX_LO与射频信号接收单元中的混频单元相连，作为基站中所有扇区的接收射频本振；
所述共用数字信号处理单元与数模转换单元和/或模数转换单元相连，用于进行基站中所有扇区的数字信号处理；
所述共用发射反馈单元，用于进行基站中所有扇区的发射信号的反馈处理。
2、如权利要求1所述的扇区化基站，其特征在于，所述扇区化基站还包括:
开关，用于连接所述共用发射反馈单元与需要进行发射反馈的射频信号发送单元。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的扇区化基站，其特征在于，所述共用发射反馈单元具体包括:共用混频单元，共用反馈射频本振TXF_LO，共用放大单元，共用滤波单元，共用模数转换单元中的至少一个单元，其中，
所述共用混频单元与共用发射反馈单元中的放大单元和/或共用放大单元相连，用于在进行基站中所有扇区的发射信号的反馈处理的过程中，对所有反馈信号进行混频处理；
所述共用TXF_LO与共用发射反馈单元中的混频单元和/或共用混频单元相连，用于在进行基站中所有扇区的发射信号的反馈处理的过程中，作为所有反馈信号的反馈射频本振；
所述共用放大单元与共用发射反馈单元中的混频单元和/或共用混频单元相连，以及与共用发射反馈单元中的滤波单元或共用滤波单元相连，用于在进行基站中所有扇区的发射信号的反馈处理的过程中，对所有反馈信号进行放大处理；
所述共用滤波单元与共用发射反馈单元中的放大单元和/或共用放大单元相连，以及与共用发射反馈单元中的模数转换单元或共用模数转换单元相连，用于在进行基站中所有扇区的发射信号的反馈处理的过程中，对所有反馈信号进行滤波处理；
所述共用模数转换单元与共用发射反馈单元中的滤波单元和/或共用滤波单元相连，用于在进行基站中所有扇区的发射信号的反馈处理的过程中，对所有反馈信号进行模数转换处理。
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