CN100458147C - Electricity generating system driven by traveling wave thermoacoustic engine - Google Patents
Electricity generating system driven by traveling wave thermoacoustic engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN100458147C CN100458147C CNB2004100865811A CN200410086581A CN100458147C CN 100458147 C CN100458147 C CN 100458147C CN B2004100865811 A CNB2004100865811 A CN B2004100865811A CN 200410086581 A CN200410086581 A CN 200410086581A CN 100458147 C CN100458147 C CN 100458147C
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fluctuation thermoacoustic generation system, which comprises the following loop parts in sequence: cold junction heat exchanger, heat regenerator, heater, heat buffer pipe, hot junction heat exchanger, ring-shaped connection pipe and line generator in the pipe, wherein the generator contains a cylinder with one end of casing on the pipe and the other end with line sliding bearing; a double-loop magnetic-inductive soft iron with ring orifice is set in the cavity between cylinder and casing; the permanent magnet is inserted in the outer ring magnetic wall of soft iron; the coil rack is fixed on cylinder inner wall with part of coil in the ring orifice; the elastic or quality component is set in the hot junction pipe; the quality component does shift sliding along the elastic element; the elastic or quality phase modulation component is set in the greenhouse pipe; the quality component does shift sliding along the elastic phase modulation element. The invention can adjust the phase difference of pressure fluctuation and bulk flow fluctuation, which feedbacks the acoustic power to accomplish high effective Stirling cycle as well as inhibits the loop ring current to improve property of entire machine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heat sound electricity generating device, particularly relate to the sound-driving power generation system of capable ripple heat.
Background technique
Row ripple hot acoustic Stirling motor has advantages such as efficient height, energy adaptability are good, movement-less part.Utilize the hot acoustic Stirling motor of travelling-wave type to convert various thermals source (comprising used heat) to mechanical work efficiently, add linear electric generator, can realize that mechanical energy arrives the conversion of electric work.
For linear electric generator, the sound merit of input generator is shown by following equation:
(1) in the formula, Re[] represent the plural number in the square brackets is got real part, * represents complex conjugate, || expression is got amplitude to the plural number in this symbol,
And
Represent the fluctuation of pressure and volume flow respectively, Φ
PuPhase place angle between expression pressure surge and the volume velocity fluctuation, V represents the scavenging volume of linear electric generator piston, ω represents the operating angle frequency of the hot acoustic Stirling motor of row ripple.(1) in the formula, the sound merit of input system not only is decided by the product of pressure amplitude and scavenging volume, angular frequency, and the decisive role especially of phase difference between the two.Yet, when actual motion since the phase difference between the fluctuation of pressure surge and volume flow near 90 °, so it is very little to import the sound merit of generator, the ability of thermoacoustic engine is not utilized preferably.For instance, cos80 °=0.1736, and cos60 °=0.5, as seen obtained in the input of sound merit growth near 2 times in 20 ° raising on the phase place, thus for same frequency down the sound merit of absorption equivalent can adopt the less linear electric generator of scavenging volume.This shows that the fluctuation of adjusting pressure wave and volume flow has great significance in the undulant fever acoustic Stirling motor of being expert at.
The existing hot acoustic Stirling motor of travelling-wave type mainly contains integrated type Stirling engine, separately placed type Stirling engine and traveling wave thermoacoustic engine (this motor is mainly used in the capable ripple thermoacoustic refrigeration system).Phase modulation in the integrated type Stirling engine is finished by mechanical structures such as crank-connecting rods.Its structure as shown in Figure 4, wherein, 1 is cool end heat exchanger, 2 is regenerator, 3 is heater, 6 and 18 is connecting tube, 7 is the merit output piston, 17 is mass elements, 21 is connecting rod.Connecting rod 21 is controlling that the motion phase of hot junction piston and cold junction piston space is poor, and linear electric generator can be connected with one of two-piston, also can with the crank mechanical connection.The shortcoming of integrated type Stirling engine is: on the one hand, the introducing of connecting rod 21 has aggravated the wearing and tearing of compression piston (generator merit output piston 7) and mass elements 17 and wall, and the phase difference of discharger and compression piston is not had a controllability at different operating modes; In addition, the ejector work of integrated type Stirling engine has at high temperature reduced working life.In the separately placed type Stirling engine, adopt discharger and acting piston to control both phase places.The structure of separately placed type Stirling engine as shown in Figure 5, wherein 1 is cool end heat exchanger, 2 is regenerator, 3 is heater, 6 and 18 is connecting tube, 22 is discharger, 7 is the merit output piston.Its shortcoming is: introduce the complexity that moving element has improved system on the one hand, discharger moves between high temperature and low-temperature end in meeting on the other hand, and this work for discharger is disadvantageous.Drive in the driving loop (as shown in Figure 6) of power generation system at traditional traveling wave thermoacoustic engine, system adopts gas piston to replace discharger to carry out phase modulation, though it has solved the moving element problem, but the phase place of its generator piston cavity internal pressure ripple and speed wave needs bigger piston volume could carry out limited merit output based on the standing wave component; In addition, excessive piston volume also needs bigger, heavier circuit and magnetic circuit material, acoustic-electric conversion volume and weight is increased, and reduced efficient.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of Stirling engine of movement-less part efficiently to drive the device of linear electric generator.
Technological scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The sound-driving power generation system of capable ripple heat provided by the invention comprises the cool end heat exchanger 1 that links to each other successively and form the loop, regenerator 2, heater 3, thermal buffer channel 4, hot end heat exchanger 5 and annular connecting tube, it is characterized in that, comprise that also one is installed in the linear electric generator in the annular connecting tube;
Described linear electric generator comprises: a cylinder type cylinder 23, these cylinder type cylinder 23 1 ends are communicated with the cold junction pipeline 18 that links to each other with cool end heat exchanger 1, the other end opening, its opening end is installed a sleeve pipe 241, described sleeve pipe 241 1 ends are sleeved on the outer wall of the room temperature pipeline 6 that links to each other with hot end heat exchanger 5 and closely cooperate, and the other end is provided with the circular central aperture; Cavity internal fixation installation one between cylinder type cylinder 23 and sleeve pipe 241 has the dual torus magnetic conductive soft iron 11 of ring cavity, inlays the round ring magnet 10 of one section equal thickness in the outer ring magnet wall of described dual torus magnetic conductive soft iron 11; The coil brace 14 that is wound with coil 12 on one barrel of wall is fixed on the inwall of described cylinder type cylinder 23, and its part that is wound with coil 12 is inserted in the ring cavity of dual torus magnetic conductive soft iron 11; An axle that passes the circular central aperture on the sleeve pipe 241 is fixed in the center of described coil brace 14; On the axle in the circular central aperture linear slide bearing 9 is installed; In the described room temperature pipeline 6 a generator elasticity/quality component is installed, this generator elasticity/quality component is made up of generator elastic element 8 that is connected with each other and merit output piston 7, generator elastic element 8 links to each other with linear slide bearing 9 end faces, and merit output piston 7 is installed in the pipeline 6 and with the elastic displacement of generator elastic element 8 and slides in room temperature pipeline 6; Described cold junction pipeline (is installed a phase modulation elasticity/quality component in 18, this phase modulation elasticity/quality component is made up of phase modulation elastic element 16 that is connected with each other and mass elements 17, described phase modulation elastic element 16 links to each other with coil brace 14 end faces, and described mass elements 17 is installed in the cold junction pipeline 18 and with the elastic displacement of phase modulation elastic element 16 and slides in cold junction pipeline 18.
Be communicated with a connecting pipe between described cold junction pipeline 18 and the cylinder type cylinder 23, the gas valve 19 of the linear electric generator of balance when being used to charge and discharge a gas external and internal pressure was installed on connecting tube.
Described generator elasticity-quality component can be spring-piston assembly, and its spring is an elastic element, and piston is a mass elements; Described spring can be the common helical spring that metallic material spirals and forms, or does not produce the compression/extension spring that cutting forms on one section metal tube that rotatablely moves during compression/stretching.Described generator elasticity-quality component also can be bellows-mass block assembly, and its bellows is an elastic element, and mass block is a mass elements; Which floor described bellows stack the rigidity moulding bellows that welds together for, or for thin stainless steel sheets at the edge joint weld flexible bellow that is connected together.
Described phase modulation elasticity-quality component can be spring-piston assembly, and its spring is an elastic element, and piston is a mass elements; Described spring is the common helical spring that metallic material spirals and forms, or does not produce the compression/extension spring that cutting forms on one section metal tube that rotatablely moves during compression/stretching; Described phase modulation elasticity-quality component also can be bellows-mass block assembly, and its bellows is an elastic element, and mass block is a mass elements; Which floor bellows in described bellows-mass block assembly stack the rigidity moulding bellows that welds together for, or for thin stainless steel sheets at the edge joint weld flexible bellow that is connected together.
The sound-driving power generation system of capable ripple heat provided by the invention has been compared following advantage with the hot acoustic Stirling motor of existing travelling-wave type:
(1) linear electric generator is placed the hot acoustic Stirling motor of travelling-wave type loop, reduced the total size of system;
(2) by adjusting, make the sound merit of input linear electric generator increase on the one hand, reduced the total size of system, help microminiaturization phase difference between pressure wave and volume flow fluctuation; Feedback sound merit has realized Stirling circulation efficiently on the other hand,
(3) linear electric generator is placed capable ripple loop, suppressed the circulation in loop up hill and dale, improved the performance of the hot acoustic Stirling motor of travelling-wave type;
(4) abandon the brace and connecting rod framework of traditional integral formula Stirling engine, improved the reliability of system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sound-driving power generation system embodiment's 1 of a novel capable ripple heat provided by the invention structural representation;
Fig. 2 is the sound-driving power generation system embodiment's 2 of a novel capable ripple heat provided by the invention structural representation;
Fig. 3 is the sound-driving power generation system embodiment's 3 of a novel capable ripple heat provided by the invention structural representation;
Fig. 4 is an integrated type Stirling engine structural representation;
Fig. 5 is a separately placed type Stirling engine structural representation;
Fig. 6 is the hot acoustic Stirling engine system of a traditional travelling-wave type schematic representation;
Fig. 7 is two-freedom spring-damper-quality schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is (cut out radial clearance on metal pipe-wall, the several angle that staggers mutually pivots between the gap) novel mechanical spring.
The drawing explanation:
Cool end heat exchanger 1 regenerator 2 heaters 3
Thermal buffer channel 4 room temperature heat exchangers 5 connecting pipelines 6
Supported spring 13 movers 14 sealed electrical joints 15
Discharger 22 sleeve pipes 241
Spring rate k1, k2, k3 damping constant c1, c2, c3 directed force F 1, F2
Embodiment
Before the narration embodiment, at first phase modulation principle of the present invention is described as follows:
Fig. 7 is two degrees of freedom spring, damper quality system schematic diagram, as shown in the figure, k1 wherein, k2, k3 are respectively the stiffness coefficient of spring, c1, c2, c3 is respectively the damping constant of linear damping device, and then two degree freedom system is got by the system motion differential equation the steady-state response representation of simple harmonic quantity excitation:
If: F
1(t)=F
1e
I ω t, F
2(t)=F
2e
I ω t, then can solve and be fit to steady-state response of the present invention and be:
Wherein: c
1+ c
2=c
11,-c
2=c
12=c
21, c
2+ c
3=c
21
k
1+k
2＝k
11，-k
2＝k
12＝k
21，k
2+k
3＝k
22
Z
11(ω)＝k
11+iωc
31-m
1ω
2
Z
12(ω)＝k
12+iωc
12
Z
21(ω)＝k
21+iωc
21
Z
22(ω)＝k
22+iωc
22-m
2ω
2
In the above-mentioned formula, x1 and x2 represent the displacement of two mass blockes, and F1 and F2 are respectively and act on 1,2 two external force on the mass block, and ω is the angular frequency of external force, and c is a damping constant, and k is the equivalent stiffness of system's medi-spring, and m is the quality size of mass block.
(3) in the formula, can think F
1(t) for acting on the power on the sub-piston, F
2(t) be coil suffered electromagnetic force in magnetic field, comprised phase relationship in the amplitude of x1 and x2.If be actuated to cosine, then get the real part of x1 and x2; Among the present invention, if be actuated to sine, the imaginary part of then getting x1 and x2.There are phase difference in steady-state response x1 and x2, and the rigidity that changes the size of two moving-mass and spring can change the phase difference size between x1 and the x2, and this makes the phase modulation of novel capable ripple heat sound generator become possibility.
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing:
Embodiment 1:
Embodiment 1 structure comprises the cool end heat exchanger 1 that links to each other successively and form the loop as shown in Figure 1, regenerator 2, and heater 3, thermal buffer channel 4, hot end heat exchanger 5 and annular connecting tube comprise that also one is installed in the linear electric generator in the annular connecting tube.In the present embodiment, " U " shape connecting tube that linear electric generator one termination is derived by room temperature heat exchanger 5 is called room temperature pipeline 6 with this connecting tube; " U " shape connecting tube that another termination of linear electric generator is derived by cool end heat exchanger 1 is called cold junction pipeline 18 with this connecting tube.When heat enters system by heater 3, temperature difference appears in regenerator 2 two ends, axially sets up temperature gradient at regenerator 2.When temperature gradient during greater than the critical temperature gradient, the hot acoustic Stirling motor of travelling-wave type produces self oscillations, and heat energy is converted into mechanical energy, by linear electric generator mechanical energy is converted into electric energy again.
Described linear electric generator comprises: a cylinder type cylinder 23, these cylinder type cylinder 23 1 ends are communicated with the cold junction pipeline 18 that links to each other with cool end heat exchanger 1, the other end opening, its opening end is installed a sleeve pipe 241, described sleeve pipe 241 1 ends are sleeved on the outer wall of the room temperature pipeline 6 that links to each other with hot end heat exchanger 5 and closely cooperate, and the other end is provided with the circular central aperture; Cavity internal fixation installation one between cylinder type cylinder 23 and sleeve pipe 241 has the dual torus magnetic conductive soft iron 11 of ring cavity, inlays the round ring magnet 10 of one section equal thickness in the outer ring magnet wall of described dual torus magnetic conductive soft iron 11; The coil brace 14 that is wound with coil 12 on one barrel of wall is fixed on the inwall of described cylinder type cylinder 23, and its part that is wound with coil 12 is inserted in the ring cavity of dual torus magnetic conductive soft iron 11; An axle that passes the circular central aperture on the sleeve pipe 241 is fixed in the center of described coil brace 14; On the axle in the circular central aperture linear slide bearing 9 is installed; In the described room temperature pipeline 6 a generator elasticity/quality component is installed, this generator elasticity/quality component is made up of generator elastic element 8 that is connected with each other and merit output piston 7, generator elastic element 8 links to each other with linear slide bearing 9 end faces, and merit output piston 7 is installed in the pipeline 6 and with the elastic displacement of generator elastic element 8 and slides in room temperature pipeline 6; In the described cold junction pipeline 18 a phase modulation elasticity/quality component is installed, this phase modulation elasticity/quality component is made up of phase modulation elastic element 16 that is connected with each other and mass elements 17, described phase modulation elastic element 16 links to each other with coil brace 14 end faces, and described mass elements 17 is installed in the cold junction pipeline 18 and with the elastic displacement of phase modulation elastic element 16 and slides in cold junction pipeline 18.
Be communicated with a connecting pipe between described cold junction pipeline 18 and the cylinder type cylinder 23, the gas valve 19 of the linear electric generator of balance when being used to charge and discharge a gas external and internal pressure was installed on connecting tube.
In the linear motor of present embodiment, coil brace 14 is connected by axle mutually with mass elements 7 (generator piston), forms the mover of linear motor, and it is radially by linear slide bearing 9 location.During work, self produces vibration after the linear electric generator piston absorption sound merit, thereby also drive coil 12 through producing the motion of cutting magnetic line under the effect of generator elastic element 8 (pressure spring) and elastic element 13 (pressure spring), in the high magnetic fields that is gathered into by permanent magnet 10 and magnetic conductive soft iron 11, realize the conversion of mechanical energy to electric energy.Two pressure spring one ends maintain static, and the other end links to each other with mover and linear electric generator piston respectively.Mover drives piston-spring phase modulating mechanism motion, and the sound merit of part after phase modulation fed back to regenerator.Used coil 12 can be formed by metal enamel conductor coiling gluing and solidifying such as brass and aluminum conductors, and the Ac that is produced picks out coil through the sealed electrical joint, can connect various electrical loads.Because there is phase difference in the elastic element transmitting movement, can finish the phase modulation of two moving-mass.One bypass tube road (connecting tube that promptly has gas valve 19) is arranged, the middle pressure when charging and discharging gas inside and outside the balance pressure wave-generator between cold junction pipeline 18 and linear electric generator.Two pistons all adopt the sealing of piston ring form.The pressure spring of making in the present embodiment can adopt material spiral formings such as common carbon steel, 50 chrome alum, also can adopt special spring (as shown in Figure 8) as spring, its manufacturing way is to cut out radial clearance on metal pipe-wall, the several angle that staggers mutually pivots between the gap, in the time of effect that its advantage is to provide identical with the conventional helical spring, when Compression and Expansion, can not produce twist motion.The rigidity of quality size, cross-section area and spring by changing piston in the present embodiment can realize phase modulation in various degree.
(comprise 1 cool end heat exchanger of 1 heater in the hot acoustic Stirling motor of traditional travelling-wave type loop, the regenerator that one section stainless steel or brass wire mesh are filled, 1 room temperature heat exchanger, some connecting pipelines) linear electric generator and piston-spring phase modulation assembly are put in inertia pipe position.When heat enters system by heater 3, temperature difference appears in the regenerator two ends, axially sets up temperature gradient at regenerator.When temperature gradient during greater than the critical temperature gradient, the hot acoustic Stirling motor of travelling-wave type produces self oscillations, and heat energy is converted into mechanical energy.Linear electric generator piston 7 absorption sound merits self produce vibration, thereby also drive coil 12 through producing the motion of cutting magnetic line under the effect of mechanical support spring 8,13, in the high magnetic fields that is gathered into by permanent magnet 10 and magnetic conductive soft iron, realize the conversion of mechanical energy to electric energy.Two supported spring one ends maintain static, and the other end is connected with mover 14 and linear electric generator merit output piston 7 respectively.Mover drives piston-spring phase modulating mechanism motion, and the sound merit of part after phase modulation fed back to regenerator.Used coil 12 can be formed by metal enamel conductor coiling gluing and solidifying such as brass and aluminum conductors, and the Ac that is produced picks out coil through sealed electrical joint 15, can connect various electrical loads.Because there is phase difference in the elastic element transmitting movement, can finish the phase modulation of two moving-mass.The bypass line that one band gas valve 19 is arranged between connecting pipeline 18 and linear electric generator, the middle pressure when charging and discharging gas inside and outside the balance linear electric generator.Two pistons all adopt the sealing of piston ring form.
What the linear electric generator in the present embodiment adopted is moving-coil structure, understands easily, and linear electric generator also can adopt the moving-magnetic type structure.Difference is: the moving coil volume is big but the magnetic field utilization is more abundant, and the moving-magnetic type volume is little but magnetic field utilizes relatively poor.
Mover adopts linear bearing 9 radial support in the present embodiment, understands the mode that mover also can adopt the leaf spring radial support easily.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 2, present embodiment adopts metal bellows 20 to replace the phase modulation elastic element 16 among the embodiment 1, the mass elements 17 that employing one mass block replaces embodiment 1 on embodiment 1 basis; Simultaneously, adopted linear slide bearing or leaf spring to support this mass block; On the end face of coil brace 14, increase gas channel, made secondary bellows can not produce too big pressure surge and damage bellows when internal gas vibrates when vibrating.The metal bellows of present embodiment can adopt common stainless steel 304 or beryllium-bronze material.Production method is shaped by fluid pressure or be welded normally.Usually, relatively welded bellows is bigger on rigidity for the bellows of shaped by fluid pressure, so stability is relatively good.
During work, metal bellows 20 plays the effect of phase modulation elastic element 16 among the embodiment 1, and mass block plays the effect of mass elements 17 among the embodiment 1, and other parts role and working procedure are all identical with embodiment 1, therefore no longer repeats.In the present embodiment, owing to adopt bellows 20 and mass block, the phase modulation parts needn't carry out piston ring packing, thereby have reduced friction.
Embodiment 3:
The structure of present embodiment as shown in Figure 3, it is to transform to form on embodiment 2 basis.Present embodiment has replaced spring-piston assembly among the embodiment 2 as generator elasticity-quality component with bellows-mass block assembly, and the material of all the other component is all identical with embodiment 2 with preparation process and Placement thereof.This bellows-mass block assembly is made up of metal bellows and mass block, and linear slide bearing 9 is connected with mass block, plays a supporting role.
Claims (8)
1. go the sound-driving power generation system of ripple heat for one kind, comprise the cool end heat exchanger (1) that links to each other successively and form the loop, regenerator (2), heater (3), thermal buffer channel (4), hot end heat exchanger (5) and annular connecting tube is characterized in that, comprise that also one is installed in the linear electric generator in the annular connecting tube;
Described linear electric generator comprises: a cylinder type cylinder (23), these cylinder type cylinder (23) one ends are communicated with the cold junction pipeline (18) that links to each other with cool end heat exchanger (1), the other end opening, its opening end is installed a sleeve pipe (241), described sleeve pipe (241) one ends are sleeved on the outer wall of the room temperature pipeline (6) that links to each other with hot end heat exchanger (5) and closely cooperate, and the other end is provided with the circular central aperture; Cavity internal fixation installation one between cylinder type cylinder (23) and sleeve pipe (241) has the dual torus magnetic conductive soft iron (11) of ring cavity, inlays the round ring magnet (10) of one section equal thickness in the outer ring magnet wall of described dual torus magnetic conductive soft iron (11); The coil brace (14) that is wound with coil (12) on one barrel of wall is fixed on the inwall of described cylinder type cylinder (23), and its part that is wound with coil (12) is inserted in the ring cavity of dual torus magnetic conductive soft iron (11); An axle that passes the circular central aperture on the sleeve pipe (24) is fixed in the center of described coil brace (14); On the axle in the circular central aperture linear slide bearing (9) is installed; One generator elasticity/quality component is installed in the described room temperature pipeline (6), this generator elasticity/quality component is made up of generator elastic element (8) that is connected with each other and merit output piston (7), generator elastic element (8) links to each other with linear slide bearing (9) end face, and merit output piston (7) is installed in the pipeline (6) and with the elastic displacement of generator elastic element (8) and slides in room temperature pipeline (6); One phase modulation elasticity/quality component is installed in the described cold junction pipeline (18), this phase modulation elasticity/quality component is made up of phase modulation elastic element (16) that is connected with each other and mass elements (17), described phase modulation elastic element (16) links to each other with coil brace (14) end face, and described mass elements (17) is installed in the cold junction pipeline (18) and with the elastic displacement of phase modulation elastic element (16) and slides in cold junction pipeline (18).
2, by the sound-driving power generation system of the described capable ripple heat of claim 1, it is characterized in that, be communicated with a connecting pipe between described cold junction pipeline (18) and the cylinder type cylinder (23), the gas valve (19) of the linear electric generator of balance when being used to charge and discharge a gas external and internal pressure was installed on connecting tube.
3, by the sound-driving power generation system of the described capable ripple heat of claim 1, it is characterized in that described generator elasticity-quality component is spring-piston assembly, its spring is an elastic element, and piston is a mass elements.
4, by the sound-driving power generation system of the described capable ripple heat of claim 1, it is characterized in that described generator elasticity-quality component is bellows-mass block assembly, its bellows is an elastic element, and mass block is a mass elements.
5, by the sound-driving power generation system of the described capable ripple heat of claim 1, it is characterized in that described phase modulation elasticity-quality component is spring-piston assembly, its spring is an elastic element, and piston is a mass elements.
6, by the sound-driving power generation system of the described capable ripple heat of claim 1, it is characterized in that described phase modulation elasticity-quality component is bellows-mass block assembly, its bellows is an elastic element, and mass block is a mass elements.
7, by claim 3 or the sound-driving power generation system of 5 described novel capable ripple heat, it is characterized in that: the spring in described spring-piston assembly is the common helical spring that metallic material spirals and forms, or does not produce cutting forms on-section metal tube compression/extension spring or the leaf spring that rotatablely moves during compression/stretching.
8, by claim 4 or the sound-driving power generation system of 6 described novel capable ripple heat, it is characterized in that: which floor the bellows in described bellows-mass block assembly stack the rigidity moulding bellows that welds together for, or for thin stainless steel sheets at the edge joint weld flexible bellow that is connected together.
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| US6307287B1 (en) * | 1999-03-12 | 2001-10-23 | The Penn State Research Foundation | High-efficiency moving-magnet loudspeaker |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101619687B (en) * | 2009-08-11 | 2011-01-05 | 深圳市中科力函热声技术工程研究中心有限公司 | Piston-free Stirling engine system |
| TWI617388B (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-03-11 | Cutting processing device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1766314A (en) | 2006-05-03 |
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