CN100426546C - Low-temperature solid-state thermoelectric energy converter and uses thereof - Google Patents
Low-temperature solid-state thermoelectric energy converter and uses thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100426546C CN100426546C CNB200410027069XA CN200410027069A CN100426546C CN 100426546 C CN100426546 C CN 100426546C CN B200410027069X A CNB200410027069X A CN B200410027069XA CN 200410027069 A CN200410027069 A CN 200410027069A CN 100426546 C CN100426546 C CN 100426546C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a low-temperature solid thermoelectric energy converter and the application thereof. The converter mainly provides an applying mode of an electric energy converter working at low temperature and uses waste heat generated by an artificial or natural environment to cause a lattice for the material of a specific lattice structure to be strained in a polaxis direction because of the temperature change, a positive charge center and a negative charge center which form a covalent bond ion in a lattice are displaced in different directions, and potential difference is generated to form current. In a complete environment of a thermal source, thermal energy is continuously converted into electric energy to be supplied to an apparatus or equipment which is widely used for generating waste thermal energy, the waste thermal energy is converted into the electric energy, and the purposes of the regeneration of energy sources and auxiliary energy sources are achieved. Besides, the scale and the range of the present invention can also be enlarged to replace the traditional mechanical and electric power generating equipment to be applied to the auxiliary power generation in occasions, such as thermal power generation, steam and electricity symbiosis, geothermy, solar energy, etc.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of low temperature solid state thermoelectric energy conversion device and application thereof, mainly provide a kind of can being in fully in the hot temperature environment, promptly produce the solid state ceramic-like thermoelectric energy transformation applications of electric current, owing to need not the design of refrigeration end, and can make whole the immersion in the hot temperature, be beneficial to and be widely used in any occasion, comprise low temperature region and high temperature territory with thermal source.
[background technology]
The facility of relevant waste products, as the CPU of computer or the heat of CHIP SET chipset, for heat takes place in long-pending heat, must cool off in the pressure mode, and utilized fan, by host power supply obtain electric power do hot temperate zone put with the cooling CPU, newly advance the type of cooling that more has with refrigerating chip, only its power demand is very big, consume electric power, difficulty is widely used, more there is the refrigeration-type thermoelectric device to obtain the electric energy design recently as No. the 90129981st, Taiwan it " the cooling point design of the thermoelectric cooler of high efficiency ", and the thermoelectric element of No. 89127635 it indication such as " make the method for a plurality of element chips by the thin plate of thermoelectric material ", all need there be heat sink refrigeration end structure to exist, its working condition has once more the generation of used heat basically together, or needs impose the external force cooling with additional energy source, and just its condition of work basis is for need there be cold and hot two kinds of basic working modes.
Along with the speed of CPU computing is more and more higher, the heat of its generation is also considerable more relatively, CPU with INTEL P4 is an example, its caloric value of its 1GHz can reach more than the 50W, and more the CPU caloric value of 2～3GHz of high frequency more more than 80W, even same problem also already produces at communication and photoelectricity, flourishing and various user along with the telecommunications industry, it forces the power of cooling newly to advance to have the demand trend of obvious increase, can recognize oppositely that by this demand required power source demand significantly increases relatively, and the used heat of being got rid of accumulative total is considerable.
Therefore if can be applied in above-mentioned electronic equipment in the CLOSE LOOP mode of loop, getting to provide cooling auxiliary by external electric power, the used heat that can utilize this electronic system to take place just, directly be converted to electric energy, produce required electric power and promote radiator fan, reach the effect of oneself's cooling, use the field of brand-new developing for present relevant equipment.
Point out in the statistics in September, 2002 according to Institute for Information Industry (III), global desktop PC market scale was to reach 105 in 2002,655,000, mobile computer then has 30,003,000, if calculate at 3.5W with every the required radiator fan power consumption of computer demand, global then be 4.76 hundred million watts electric power in the energy of this heat radiation whole world wastage in bulk or weight, the power plant of suitable one 500,000 KW level, if can fully effectively form enclosed energy recovery utilization at this aforesaid electronic equipment, need not the external energy, the world globe integrated environment there be greatest benefiting with energy conservation.
[summary of the invention]
Relevant principle of the present invention, be to utilize ceramic material continue to absorb that temperature increases due to the heat energy of surrounding environment, produce phase transformation, lattice produces strain along the polaxis direction simultaneously, incorgruous displacement takes place in center of positive charge and center of negative charge, causes potential difference and the lasting electric current that produces, and need not painstakingly to build thermal source in essence, the course of work does not have any pollution or noise, is environmental protection at present and the most fashionable enforcement sample of energy source use attitude.
This generating element is to be the ceramic material of number covalency bond ions based on heat conduction basically, and utilizes the vacancy of different valence electron number ion generation to control conductivity, reaches different power conversion benefits.
The present invention's low temperature solid state thermoelectric energy conversion device, this transducer comprises: at least one tool has the generating element of the electrical thermal strain electronic ceramic of Jiao, after being heated, allow generating element element lattice produce strain along the polaxis direction, cause constituting in the lattice center of positive charge and the incorgruous displacement of center of negative charge of covalent bond ion, and generation potential difference generation electric current, electric current takes place draws via positive and negative two conductive coatings of generating element and be guided out, form thermoelectric effect, to support that producing used heat transforms the electric energy process.
The application of the present invention's low temperature solid state thermoelectric energy conversion device, especially refer to provide the device of the generating of being heated, mainly be as the kinetic energy foundation by an energy end supply load end, one thermoelectric effect generating element, after load end is obtained used heat, form thermoelectric effect generation electric current, can utilize electric energy via change-over circuit output.
The application of the present invention's low temperature solid state thermoelectric energy conversion device, especially refer to provide the heat abstractor of message handler as self-energy resource supply, the generating element that mainly comprises a thermoelectric effect, one heat radiation air exhauster, wherein this generating element is to obtain power supply by processor, through thermoelectric effect generation electric current, provides the driving heat abstractor, form the self-power supply mechanism in the electrical loop of sealing, reach heat radiation and assist.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is the present invention basis utilization example.
Fig. 1-1 figure is the system-based application drawing.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 produce the lattice structure illustraton of model of potential difference for lattice variations.
Fig. 4 is the present invention's the one-sided basic schematic diagram of temperature utilization that is subjected to.
Fig. 5 is the invention process application examples.
Fig. 6 implements basic schematic for the present invention in the hot dipping mode.
Fig. 6-1 figure is the present invention's a field studies diagram.
Fig. 6-2 figure is that the present invention's the thermal technology that soaks makes embodiment.
Fig. 7,8,9,10 is the exemplary enforcement schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 7-1 figure is the present invention's a car body recuperation of heat schematic diagram.
Fig. 9-1 figure is that the present invention's steam-electric accreting is used schematic diagram.
The element shown symbol description
1 one generating elements, 10 1 change-over circuits, 11 1 conductive coatings
12 1 energy, 121 1 oil gas, 122 1 power supplys
13 1 load ends, 14 1 used heat exchange unit, 2 one thermals source
20 1 heaters, 21 1 thermal resistance containment bodies, 22 1 hot catalyst
3 one holders, 31 1 heat pipes, 33 1 heat radiation fin keels
34-bellows 35 1 air exhausters 4 one fluid radiators
41 1 passages, 42 1 gas hot driving devices, 5 one red-hot lamp bodies
51 1 reflection shields, 6 one hot-fluid bodys, 61 1 hot workplaces
7 one reflection dish, 71 1 light source perceptrons, 72 1 orientation adjustment devices
[embodiment]
Its base application sees also shown in Figure 1, it mainly is the generating element 1 by a bulk, positive and negative two sides is drawn via conductive coating 11 and is drawn the DC electric current, and this generating element 1 can directly absorb thermal source in all environment through convection current, conduction and radiation effects, produces certain thermoelectricity conversion benefit.
The basis that the work basic principle is directly changed as heat energy and electric energy for the burnt electrical characteristics (PYROELECTRICITY) of utilizing pottery, its relation is as follows;
E
pyro＝α.ΔT/k.ε0
E
PyroBurnt electrical characteristics produced electric field, Volt/m.
The burnt electrostrictive coefficient of α, COULOMB/ ℃ of .m
2
The k material dielectric constant.
Material temperature due to the Δ T thermal source changes.
ε
0Permittivity of vacuum, m
-1
Can confirm to provide the ceramic material of burnt electrical characteristics with this relational expression, its energy conversion rate can have industrial application value greater than 6%, except along with material property improves, its utilization value can improve again backward.
Please consult Fig. 1-1 again, relevant application implementation of the present invention basis, it is load end 13, as motor or C PU, or gasoline engine etc., by the energy 12 obtain power according to after, through operating efficiency used heat that loss takes place, must by used heat exchange unit 14 (as radiators) wait assembly or guide after, used heat is conveyed to generating element 1, make it to draw heat energy, export via strain work converting electrical energy, output utilizes DC converting circuit 10 to change out the stable application electric energy, above-mentioned is base application mode of the present invention, and the Yi Benshi basis gets and can spread to any occasion use that heat energy is arranged, comprise artificially the painstakingly thermal source of arrangement, as system with oil gas 121 burning heat energy, then reach the conversion of oil electricity, produce specific generating purpose.
If the energy 12 electric power source 122 through the used heat that load end 13 working losses go out, are changed out electric current via generating element 1 as described above, after change-over circuit 10 is handled, then can directly feed back to electric power source 122, make the energy and directly reclaim, according to its benefit ratio, cause the back work that can get energy regeneration less.
The operation principle of concerned power generation element 1 is that generating element 1 is accepted after the temperature, makes lattice produce strain and sees also Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, this is shown in Figure 2 be center of positive charge with center of negative charge under overlapping situation, do not have clean electric field generation; If material produces strain because of variations in temperature causes lattice, center of positive charge is separated with center of negative charge, produce potential difference and thermoelectric conversion takes place.
This Fig. 2, the 3rd represents in the mode of emulation, and this positive charge and negative electrical charge are colony's shape in fact, is that the core position with its colony is defined as center of positive charge or center of negative charge on the icon, so can obtain simple explanation.
The present invention is except having basic thermoelectric transfer capability, and more real making has high energy density, near 4W/cm
3And can reach the full boundaries that carry output about 60 ℃ with extremely low reaction temperature.
According to applying of the present invention, as shown in Figure 4, be radiating surface at thermal source 2 generating element 1 that directly is sticked, make and accept its lasting temperature and produce an electric current.
The form of its circuit can be used into thermoelectricity shown in Figure 5 and drive heat abstractor, can be utilized as thermoelectric conversion foundation at used heat such as central processing unit (CPU) or transformers especially, electric current takes place through thermoelectric effect, be simplified illustration, only lift as follows as the application note of processor: this heat abstractor is by a holder 3, in portion to close via heat pipe 31 be water conservancy diversion heat energy, the hot temperature that chipset took place such as CPU are directed to heat radiation fin keel 33, heat radiation fin keel 33 1 sides are formed with bellows 34 relatively, via the work of air exhauster 35 mode in order to runoff, the cold wind band is crossed 33 heat radiations of heat radiation fin keel, right these air exhauster 35 applied electric energy, then directly provide by generating element 1, and the present invention is the heating end that generating element 1 directly is crimped on chipsets such as CPU, combination as Fig. 4, and reach an enclosed loop, this CPU is if the speed of service speeds the higher temperature that produces again, generating element 1 both can be accepted high temperature relatively, use for air exhauster 35 and produce bigger electric energy, therefore air exhauster 35 also can be done the start of high and low rotating speed because of the variation of its DC potential, this start velocity of variation improves during high temperature, then heat radiation fin keel 33 is done the heat radiation of greater efficiency.
Please consult shown in Figure 6 again, this figure shows that element 1 integral surface that the present invention uses is can accept ambient temperature fully to use in the mode of hot dipping, itself need not the heat sink effect of refrigeration end, sustainable acceptance heat temperature and electric current takes place is powered at and is applied in any place of obtaining thermal source.
Its convenient application shown in Fig. 6-1, can be with generating element 1 in conjunction with change-over circuit 10, the type that whole formation can be convenient for carrying, obtain thermal source 2 by any way at this generating element 1 periphery, as in the open air with the heating system of various fuel such as burn wood, the thermal source 2 of its generation had both acted on generating element 1, the electric current that is produced via generating element 1, again by change-over circuit 10 must provide one stable electrically.
The formation of relevant again this thermal source 2; further can utilize airtight heat absorbing mode; as Fig. 6-the 2nd, utilize one with the heater 20 as the energy such as fuel oil or gas; act on a hot catalyst 22; the heat temperature that is taken place by hot catalyst 22 again; import the thermal resistance containment body 21 of a box; make this thermal source can stay in 21 li portions of containment body; so that being provided, generating element 1 obtains work heat energy; its working temperature of enforcement according to this figure can be applicable to below 200 ℃; the efficient that is taken place by heater 20 is about 75%; this hot catalyst 22 can be accepted heater 20 with intermittent heating; when producing temperature drop as temperature then heater 20 activate again and heat, when reaching about 200 ℃ in 21 li portions of containment body, both self-stopping of heater 20 then; heat according to temperature conditions to constitute intermittence; this heater 20 can not cause meaningless energy consumption in essence, and execution mode expansion overall size can produce considerable electric power according to this, and can not produce harmful the pollution.
Related application see also Fig. 7,8,9,10 for example shown in, at first see also Fig. 7, be at the formed passage 41 of 4 li portions of the radiator with hot fluid, utilize this passage 41 that the hot fluid circulation is provided, and the position that is chosen in high temperature is good, must be with this element 1 with the mode framework of permutation in 41 li portions of this passage, can take out thermoelectric reaction and electric current takes place use.
But this patent further is implemented in the middle of the automobile waste heat emission path then framework in blast pipe, or the position of engine generation high temperature, shown in Fig. 7-1, be to be equiped with generating element 1 in the position of gas hot driving device 42, the volume of this generating element 1 can be selected for use according to the size of required electric power matter, as the charging of the invention process at automobile batteries, then adopting cumulative volume approximately is 150cm
3Generating element 1 can produce the power of about 600W, by its specification of general automobile batteries is 12V-50A, (and being to be lower than 50A under the general normal driving situation of applied electric current), car engine is obvious near its applied energy of IHP approximately to the power consumption that generator drives generating, so the efficient of the generator power that approximates the required output of 75% engine is wanted 800W approximately again, also just greatly about more than 1.0724 horsepowers, so also obviously dive existing for expending of fuel oil.
The about 1cm of generating element 1 its work capacity of the present invention's application again
3Volume can produce 4W electric power, so be applied in the automobile batteries charging, then needing with the cumulative volume is 150cm
3Volume; both can reach charging to battery; and between this generating element 1 and the battery; then via general Electromechanical Control mode so that battery is protected; more because engine starts institute's heat energy that produces to be continuous; then the electric energy that taken place of generating element 1 then can cause the utilization that the cigar lighter booster power is provided of loop property, or air-conditioning motor etc. needs any device of automobile of electric power running to obtain the electrification source.
The present invention is the application of detail further, as shown in Figure 8, this figure provides the thinking field that general concept can't be used, it mainly is the place that is illustrated in any generation thermal source, all can be used as the embodiment of energy collection and generating conversion, concentrate end as being used in red-hot lamp body 5 heats that hot temperature phenomenon takes place, collection by reflection shield 51, and thermal source is concentrated on the top, and generating element 1 is set at this periphery, both can accept that heat temperature takes place this red-hot lamp body 5 and the electric energy that replaces out provides other to plant demand, in addition Heavy Light such as mercury vapor lamp, sodium discharge lamp, its operating efficiencies about 50% such as He-Ne lamp, its power demand is general last thousand watt again, therefore the above energy waste of 500W is arranged approximately,, must bring up the extra considerable energy at the illumination scene if can obtain thermal source at relevant lamp body.
Please consult Fig. 9 again, portion in hot-fluid body 6 endoporus in addition, can adopt the width of cloth to etc. distribution mode, the generating element 1 of majority that distribute, this generating element 1 can directly be accepted 6 li mobile thermals source of portion of hot-fluid body, produces intensification electric energy consequently takes place.
And for example shown in Fig. 9-1, the used heat that is formed in hot workplace 61, discharge via hot- fluid body 6,6 li portions of this hot-fluid body then can be arranged with most generating elements 1 in advance, use the hot gas of collection by 6 li institutes of portion of hot-fluid body percolation, collect its heat energy and be converted to electric energy, and with the electric energy of institute's generation with parallel way, the device of 61 li required the electric powers of portion of hot workplace is gone in feedback, if this hot workplace 61 is the power plant, then the turning circuit that its power output end can generating element 1 in parallel with as the energy for structure, improve energy utilization rate, so generally with the electric field of thermal power generation, its smoke stack emission temperature under the situation of low temperature, right the present invention's generating element 1, its working temperature is minimum can be at about 55 ℃ low temperature, therefore be applied to be unique design that can utilize low temperature at present in the middle of the waste heat discharge path in power plant, therefore application of the present invention can extend in the about 55 ℃ any occasion of any low temperature.
Please consult shown in Figure 10 again, wherein for the implementation method that can capture the natural environment temperature, and can utilize a reflection dish 7, sun-tracing thermal source via light source perceptron 71, and be provided with generating element 1 in the reflection kernel point position of reflection dish 7, this light source perceptron 71 is that instruction orientation adjustment device 72 keeps aligning solar azimuth again, can increase concentrating of energy of light source, and according to the heat wave of the sun that mode is accepted as of this enforcement, it is not the visible light of the sun, heat wave by the sun heats with producing efficiently generating element 1, the identical electric energy that replaces out, for the easier heat wave that allows generating element 1 obtain natural environment, and the surface coated of generating element 1 can be become black to be easy to the coating of absorptive thermal radiation ripple to increase the efficient of absorptive thermal radiation ripple, according to being embodied as of this figure in the good zone of weather condition, can do the full-automatic generating of property voluntarily, and utilize the autotrace of orientation adjustment device 72, and can be at the position in solar radiation source, collect stronger heat wave, even red-hot light wave and far infrared ripple, the ability of this reflection dish 7 is to have the function that can reflect above-mentioned various heat waves certainly.
The present invention mainly provides sturdy construction; the big I of volume is in response to the field of employment; and different big small-sized bodies of employing or geometry; trickle person can act on the electric power generation auxiliary blower heat radiation as laptop computer; extensive person can form as the power plant; even can accept the heat effect of solar and wind in the outer space; and provide noiselessness and simple in structure; useful life is tediously long; do not have mechanical dynamic during work; and electric energy takes place with can providing electrical storage device to hold; reach and application for covering the Application layer of generality; the present invention's form is analogous to the precise electronic pottery basically; it in the enforcement element that adopts electric-conductivity heat-conductivity high matter; with the bigger element formation of the incorgruous shift length of opposed polarity electric charge that adopts covalent bond ion in the lattice be the characteristic of electric energy with thermal power transfer; basically the element that meets above condition all can constitute the present invention's enforcement, the corresponding scope that is all institute of the present invention extensive protection.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of low temperature solid state thermoelectric energy conversion device, it is characterized by: this transducer comprises: at least one tool has the generating element of the electrical thermal strain electronic ceramic of Jiao, after being heated, allow generating element element lattice produce strain along the polaxis direction, cause constituting in the lattice center of positive charge and the incorgruous displacement of center of negative charge of covalent bond ion, and generation potential difference generation electric current, electric current takes place draws via positive and negative two conductive coatings of generating element and be guided out, form thermoelectric effect, to support that producing used heat transforms the electric energy process.
2, low temperature solid state thermoelectric energy conversion device according to claim 1, it is characterized by this generating element and be through convection current, conduction and radiation effects and directly absorb thermal source in all environment, produce certain thermoelectricity conversion benefit, can be applicable to any driven by power equipment, and one of the burnt electrical characteristics work basic principle that sees through pottery in addition heat energy change with electric energy.
3, a kind of application of low temperature solid state thermoelectric energy conversion device, it is characterized by: mainly be as the kinetic energy foundation by an energy end supply load end, one thermoelectric effect generating element forms thermoelectric effect generation electric current after load end is obtained used heat, can utilize electric energy via change-over circuit output.
4, the application of low temperature solid state thermoelectric energy conversion device according to claim 3 is characterized by the carried type that generating element can form outer dewiness.
5, the application of low temperature solid state thermoelectric energy conversion device according to claim 3 is characterized by this generating element and can accept the sun heat radiation ripple and heat, and collects the heat wave of the sun in the cumulative mode via a reflection dish.
6, the application of low temperature solid state thermoelectric energy conversion device according to claim 3, it is characterized by this energy end is electric energy, the electric energy feedback that then can accept to change out is auxiliary to increase electric power.
7, a kind of application of low temperature solid state thermoelectric energy conversion device, it is characterized by: the generating element that mainly comprises a thermoelectric effect, one heat radiation air exhauster, wherein this generating element is to obtain power supply by processor, through thermoelectric effect generation electric current, the driving heat abstractor is provided, forms the self-power supply mechanism in the electrical loop of sealing, reach heat radiation and assist.
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| CNB200410027069XA CN100426546C (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2004-04-30 | Low-temperature solid-state thermoelectric energy converter and uses thereof |
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| CNB200410027069XA CN100426546C (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2004-04-30 | Low-temperature solid-state thermoelectric energy converter and uses thereof |
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| CN100426546C true CN100426546C (en) | 2008-10-15 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003282965A (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2003-10-03 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | Highly orientational polycrystal ceramics and its manufacturing method and thermoelectric conversion element |
| JP2003348867A (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2003-12-05 | Toyota Motor Corp | Waste heat power generator |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003282965A (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2003-10-03 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | Highly orientational polycrystal ceramics and its manufacturing method and thermoelectric conversion element |
| JP2003348867A (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2003-12-05 | Toyota Motor Corp | Waste heat power generator |
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