CN100421896C - 用于处理热塑性合成塑料材料的装置 - Google Patents

用于处理热塑性合成塑料材料的装置 Download PDF

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CN100421896C
CN100421896C CNB038130920A CN03813092A CN100421896C CN 100421896 C CN100421896 C CN 100421896C CN B038130920 A CNB038130920 A CN B038130920A CN 03813092 A CN03813092 A CN 03813092A CN 100421896 C CN100421896 C CN 100421896C
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container
cutter
receptacle
vacuum
described device
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CN1659006A (zh
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赫尔穆特·贝彻
赫尔穆思·舒尔茨
乔·温德林
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EREMA Engineering Recycling Maschinen und Anlagen GesmbH
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EREMA Engineering Recycling Maschinen und Anlagen GesmbH
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于处理待回收的热塑性合成塑料材料的装置，包括供要处理的材料用的第一和第二容器，在这些容器中有用于混合和加热材料的绕纵轴旋转的刀具，其中至少两套刀具各自在上下布置的不同水平面内旋转，且材料从第一容器经由连接管到达与抽真空装置相连的第二容器，且其中第一容器在上方具有一个供要处理的材料用的进料口，所述进料口的位置高于在此容器中旋转的最高的刀具，而第二容器的出料口的位置至少基本位于在此容器中旋转的最低的刀具的高度上，且其中连接管向第二容器中的开口的位置高于在此容器内旋转的刀具，且其中处理过的材料由至少一个螺杆经出料口带出第二容器，借此使该容器真空密封，且其中第一容器也与抽真空装置相连。

Description

用于处理热塑性合成塑料材料的装置
本发明涉及一种用于处理待回收的热塑性合成塑料材料的装置，包括供要处理的材料用的第一和第二容器，在这些容器中有用于混合和加热材料的绕纵轴旋转的刀具，其中至少两套刀具各自在上下布置的不同水平面内旋转，且材料从第一容器经由连接管到达与抽真空装置相连的第二容器，且其中第一容器在上方具有一个供要处理的材料用的进料口，所述进料口的位置高于在此容器中旋转的最高的刀具，而第二容器的出料口的位置至少基本位于在此容器中旋转的最低的刀具的高度上，且其中连接管向第二容器中的开口的位置高于在此容器内旋转的刀具，且其中处理过的材料由至少一个螺杆经出料口带出第二容器，借此使该容器真空密封，且其中第一容器也与抽真空装置相连。
从WO 01/21372 A1中已知有这样一个装置。
从EP632759 B1中已知有另一个装置，同样具有两个容器，被处理的材料连续地穿过两个容器。
通常，如果要处理的材料无特殊要求，特别是对空气进入和/或过热的敏感度和/或是否要避免分子链长度缩短，则这种装置可以胜任工作。
本发明的目的在于改进最初所述类型的装置，以使难以处理的材料特别是PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)也能温和并连续地得到处理，而没有此材料被过强的热影响所破坏的危险。尤其对于PET来说，要力争避免IV值(本征粘度)降低，如果可能，甚至是提高此值，这相当于提高了由回收的合成塑料材料所加工成的产品的稳定性。
本发明通过以下特征解决此任务：在第一容器的进料口上连有一个闸，并且在两个容器中刀具都固定在上下布置的盘形架上，其中在每个上述两容器中，对于旋转刀具的每个水平面，都有至少一个温度传感器，该传感器的位置高于相应的水平面。这样，提供给此装置的要回收的合成塑料材料从其引入第一容器开始，直到被螺杆传送出第二容器一直都处于真空下，从而避免了有害大气的影响且材料如同在高压釜中被进行处理一样。通过在每个容器中不同高度上旋转的刀具，对于每个容器，被处理材料在相应容器中都达到了足够的停留时间，这对于使材料达到均质化有很大帮助。在第一容器中，通过闸供应的材料从上方到达最高的旋转刀具，并被这些刀具带动进行混合涡旋形式的沿容器轴旋转的运动。被位于第一容器上部的刀具处理过的材料逐渐到达这些刀具下方的区域，被位于下部的刀具带起并同样以混合涡旋的形式被此刀具旋转。若在各个容器中有更多的刀具水平面，则重复此过程。因为对于高于相应的刀具水平面的每个这些水平面都布置一个温度传感器，所以通过适当地控制这些温度传感器指示的值，就可以避免被处理材料的过热，从而避免它在任何处遭到热破坏。
处理过的材料经过连接管从第一容器到达第二容器，并在此容器之内同样从上方供应到在此容器中旋转的刀具上。被第二容器中这些刀具处理的方式与在第一容器中的类似，即材料首先被最高的刀具带起并逐渐到达位于下方的刀具的区域。如此完全均匀化的材料最终被第二容器中最低的刀具压入第二容器的出口并被与此出口连接的螺杆传送走。此螺杆在真空密闭下工作，例如通过挤压输入其中的材料从而使第二容器内部产生的真空在处理过的材料被传送走时仍能保持。在螺杆的入口处得到一种结晶到期望程度、但一点也没被热破坏的完全均质化的材料。出乎意料的是，已发现IV值甚至会增大，从而由如此获得的回收材料可以制出具有期望的高稳定性的产品。
通过所述盘形刀具架，确保了处理后的材料只有通过此刀具架边缘与相应的容器的内壁之间的环形间隙才能从上面落至下面。这有助于每个单独的塑料颗粒在相应容器内保持所需的停留时间。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案，配备了抽真空装置，以在两个容器内产生不同的真空条件，并在连接管内设置了一个转接闸。这样，就样，可以在两个容器之内以不同的真空进行处理，而不会因为被处理的材料从第一容器到第二容器传送而削弱压力差。尽管有此真空闸，也可以实现连续处理方式，因为可以操作闸，使被处理过的材料从第一容器中保持连续地传送出并同样足够连续地供应给第二容器。
为保持两个容器之中的真空，有一个真空泵便已足够。但是如果期望在两个容器中有不同的真空条件，则更可取的是真空装置中为每个容器配至少一个真空泵。此外在本发明的范围之内，适宜的是在每个容器上都连有一个用来控制相应容器内部的真空的装置，此控制装置可调地控制相应容器内部的真空，从而在每个容器内部都可以获得各自期望的真空并加以保持。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方案，这些刀具架中至少有一个的盘缘象盘子一样向上弯曲。
本发明的其它特征和优点可以从附图中简略示意的示例性实施方案的说明中看出。
附图所示的装置包括通过连接管3彼此连接在一起的两个容器1、2。要处理的热塑性合成塑料材料，往往是PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)，特别是以瓶子和瓶子前体、箔、纤维等等的粉碎材料的形式，即主要是处于预粉碎的形式，它的提供是通过由传送带4送入漏斗5进行的，在漏斗5的出口端连有一个可以设计为真空闸的闸6，从而其内部7可以通过管线8与抽真空装置9相连。闸6具有上下两个真空密闭门10、11，它们可以由适合以水力或空气控制的双动式液压缸12来移动。通过闸6，在不断向容器1导入要回收的材料时也能在容器1内保持足够的真空，为此容器1的内部通过管线13与抽真空装置9的真空泵14相连。用真空测量装置15不断地测量此真空，并将测量值通过线17反馈给通过管线18与抽真空装置9连接的控制装置16，以使抽真空装置9不断地提供容器1内期望的真空。
闸6的出口端与在容器1的上部区域或盖20上的入口19相连，从而使导入的要回收的合成塑料材料从上方落在刀具21上，其中刀具21装于刀具架22上，而刀具架22通过真空密闭地贯穿容器底23的竖轴24在马达25的驱动下绕轴24的轴线沿箭头26方向旋转。在最高的刀具架22下彼此间隔地固定在轴24上的另一刀具架22上安装了类似的刀具21。这些刀具架22中最低的一个位于紧挨容器1的底23的上方，使得所载的刀具21处于出料口27的水平，通过该出料口27螺杆29的壳28成切线连接在容器1上。此出料口27同时构成螺杆壳28的入口。这样，最低刀具架22上的旋转刀具21一方面通过离心作用，另一方面，如果刀具21相应地安置刀具架22上，通过刮刀的方式将处理后的材料压进螺杆29的螺环中。
每个刀具架22的刀具21使得被它们带起的合成塑料材料绕容器1的轴旋转，由此材料以混合涡旋30的形式升起。刀具架22上方，在容器1的侧壁31上的混合涡旋区域间隔布置了温度传感器32。每个温度传感器32通过线33与控制装置34相连。此控制装置34通过线40控制驱动刀具21进行旋转运动的马达25的转速，以避免容器1内所处理的材料的过热现象。
通过马达35驱动的螺杆29将容器1内处理的材料传送到通过进料37并入第二容器2的连接管3中，其中进料口37位于盖36中或第二容器2的上部区域内。在此容器2内，旋转刀具21以类似于容器1中的方式固定在刀具架22上，其中刀具架22位于进料口37之下并通过轴38在马达39的驱动下旋转。此马达39的转速同样由控制装置41通过线42控制，以使由温度传感器32测得的容器2内所处理的合成塑料材料的温度不超出预定的温度值。
刀具21也可以从上面驱动。在这种情形下，马达25或39分别位于容器1或2各自的上方，而轴24或38也分别各自真空密闭地贯穿盖20或36。
容器2也可以抽真空，为此它通过管43连接在抽真空装置9的真空泵44上。容器1、2可以都用同一真空泵抽真空。不过，为了提高机器的通用性，优选为两个容器1、2提供独立的真空泵14、44，因为这样就可以以一种简单的方式在两个容器1、2中获得和保持不同的真空条件。容器2内的压力由真空测量装置45测量，并通过控制装置46指示给抽真空装置9，以使容器2内以与容器1中类似的方式总具有期望的真空条件。
处理后的合成塑料材料通过螺杆47从容器2中排出，其中螺杆47的壳48以与容器1中所述类似的方式通过出料口49与容器2相连。此出料口49位于容器2的最低刀具架22所载的刀具21的高度上，因此螺杆47的填充与螺杆29的填充方式类似。螺杆47的核心直径沿传送方向(箭头50)增大，因此通过出料口49供应给螺杆的材料首先被挤压。由此，螺杆47与其壳48一起充当容器2的真空密封。在此挤压区之后，螺杆47的核心直径减小，从而产生了一个螺杆47传送的材料的松驰区51。在此松驰区51可有至少一个排气孔52穿透螺杆的壳48。孔52上连有用于传走气体的管53。此气体的传走可以由抽真空装置9的一个真空泵54来协助完成。泵54所产生的真空可以通过真空测量装置55控制。
如果需要，真空泵14、44、45可以分配给不同的抽真空装置9，不过，通常产生真空的构件都结合在同一抽真空装置9中。
如果要在容器1和2内保持不同的真空条件，而螺杆29和它的壳28也不在容器1、2之间构成真空密封，则适宜的是在连接管3中提供一个转接闸56，其闸室57由两个门58、59限定，其中两个门58、59以类似于闸6中所述的方式由液压缸60移动。此外，传送闸56的闸室57也通过管61与抽真空装置9相连。
螺杆47由马达64驱动，并适宜地构成挤出机62的部件，其中挤出机62将螺杆47供应的线股形式的材料传送给造粒装置。此挤出机62可以是双螺杆挤出机。不过，也有可能螺杆47仅仅纯粹充当一个传送螺杆，将其传送的材料输向进一步处理，例如(增塑后)提供给模压装置。
适宜的是向容器1、2进行抽真空用的管17、43中***分尘器66，所述分尘器从吸出的空气中过滤灰尘，其中的灰尘是分别在容器1、2中处理合成塑料材料时由摩擦产生的。
通过使刀具架22形成具有环形横截面的盘，在每个盘的边缘和容器1、2各自的侧壁31之间形成一个环形间隙63。材料只有通过此环形间隙63才能从上至下通过相应的环形刀具架22，这对于保证每个塑料颗粒分别在容器1、2之内的足够停留时间有很大帮助。这还有助于多个刀具架22的安置，因为每个刀具架与其刀具21又使从上方提供给它的塑料材料以混合涡旋30的形式被卷起。分别在容器1、2之内叠置的刀具架的个数取决于所设想的应用领域，但是在容器1、2每个之内都应有至少两个叠置的刀具架22。
对于盘形刀具架22合适的是将盘缘65象盘子一样向上弯曲或倾斜，因此这有助于产生一个向上的混合涡旋并阻碍塑料颗粒提早落下，穿过盘缘和容器壁之间存在的间隙。
如果将所述设备设计用来处理已经预粉碎过的塑料材料，例如粉碎过的PET瓶，则刀具21不必再起粉碎作用，它们可以仅仅是起加热所处理材料作用的混合刀具，从而提供给刀具的动能大部分转化成传递给所处理材料的热能。但是，如果需要对所处理的材料进行粉碎，则适宜的是给刀具21装备切削刃，即作成刀的形式，由此这些切削刃的布置使得在刀具旋转(箭头26)时可以获得拉切。
如已经提及的，在两个容器1、2中的温度传感器32位置都比相应的刀具架或刀具21高，其中传感器32分别位于相应的刀具架或刀具21的混合涡旋区域。在很多情况下，安置传感器的有利高度是位于相应混合涡旋30离开容器1或2各自的壁31的区域。
螺杆壳28或48不得成切向分别连接在相应的容器1或2上，此外可以是放射性布置或相对于容器成正割布置。不过，切向布置优点在于驱动螺杆29或47的马达35或64可以位于相应螺杆的一个前端，而螺杆的出口端位于相应螺杆壳的另一个前端。这避免了螺杆所传送的物质的侧向偏移。

Claims (13)

1. 用于处理待回收的热塑性合成材料的装置，包括供要处理的材料用的第一和第二容器(1、2)，在该容器(1、2)中各配有用于混合和加热材料的绕纵轴旋转的刀具(21)，其中至少两套刀具(21)各自在上下布置的不同平面内旋转，且材料从第一容器(1)经由连接管(3)到达与抽真空装置(9)相连的第二容器(2)，并且其中第一容器(1)在上方具有一个供要处理的材料用的进料口(19)，所述进料口的位置高于在容器(1)中旋转的最高的刀具(21)，而第二容器(2)的出料口(49)的位置至少基本位于在容器(2)内旋转的最低的刀具(21)的高度，且其中连接管(3)向第二容器(2)中的开口的位置高于在容器(2)内旋转的刀具(21)，且处理过的材料由至少一个螺杆(47)经出料口(49)带出第二容器(2)，借此使容器(2)真空密封，且第一容器(1)也与抽真空装置(9)相连，所述装置的特征在于，在第一容器(1)的进料口(19)上连有一个闸(6)，并且在两个容器(1、2)中刀具(21)都固定在上下布置的盘形刀具架(22)上，并且在每个上述两容器(1、2)中，旋转刀具(21)的每个水平面都配有至少一个温度传感器(32)，该传感器的位置高于其相应的水平面。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，特征在于配备了所述抽真空装置(9)以在两个容器(1、2)中产生不同的真空条件，并且在连接管(3)中安置了一个转换闸(56)。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的装置，特征在于所述抽真空装置(9)中对于每一容器(1、2)都有至少一个真空泵(14、44)。
4. 根据权利要求1至3中任何一项所述的装置，特征在于在每个容器(1、2)上都连有一个用来控制相应容器(1、2)内部的真空的装置(16、46)，此控制装置可调地控制相应容器(1、2)内部的真空。
5. 根据权利要求1至3中任何一项所述的装置，特征在于在至少一个刀具架(22)上盘缘(65)象盘子一样向上弯曲。
6. 根据权利要求1至3中任何一项所述的装置，特征在于温度传感器(32)连接在用来控制刀具(21)的转速的装置(34、41)上。
7. 根据权利要求1至3中任何一项所述的装置，特征在于每个抽真空装置(9)都配有一个分尘器(66)。
8. 根据权利要求1至3中任何一项所述的装置，特征在于螺杆(47)是挤出机(62)的一个部件。
9. 根据权利要求8所述的装置，特征在于有一个双螺杆挤出机与出料口(49)相连。
10. 根据权利要求1至3中任何一项所述的装置，特征在于与出料口(49)相连的螺杆(47)的壳(48)至少有一个排气孔(52)，在该孔上优选连有一个真空泵(54)。
11. 根据权利要求1至3中任何一项所述的装置，特征在于每个温度传感器(32)都位于容器(1、2)内至少基本上在混合涡旋(30)离开容器(1、2)的侧壁(31)的区域的水平面上。
12. 根据权利要求1至3中任何一项所述的装置，特征在于闸(6)是真空闸。
13. 根据权利要求1至3中任何一项所述的装置，特征在于闸(56)是真空闸。
CNB038130920A 2002-06-05 2003-01-07 用于处理热塑性合成塑料材料的装置 Expired - Lifetime CN100421896C (zh)

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CN110103445A (zh) * 2018-01-11 2019-08-09 苏州艾嘉亚真空科技有限公司 一种螺杆挤出机真空脱气设备
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TW200307596A (en) 2003-12-16
SI1511607T1 (sl) 2008-08-31
CN1659006A (zh) 2005-08-24
PT1511607E (pt) 2008-06-27
DE50309418D1 (de) 2008-04-30
BR0311536A (pt) 2005-02-22
AU2003205398A1 (en) 2003-12-22
AU2003205398B2 (en) 2006-01-12
JP4313302B2 (ja) 2009-08-12
KR20050013203A (ko) 2005-02-03
EP1511607A1 (de) 2005-03-09
US7137802B2 (en) 2006-11-21
TWI221805B (en) 2004-10-11
CA2486642A1 (en) 2003-12-18
ATE389520T1 (de) 2008-04-15
US20050287237A1 (en) 2005-12-29
ZA200409127B (en) 2005-07-27
EP1511607B1 (de) 2008-03-19
DK1511607T3 (da) 2008-07-21
KR100657078B1 (ko) 2006-12-13
ATA8552002A (de) 2003-04-15
WO2003103915A1 (de) 2003-12-18
BR0311536B1 (pt) 2012-05-15
JP2005532192A (ja) 2005-10-27
AT411235B (de) 2003-11-25
ES2304245T3 (es) 2008-10-01

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