CN100419310C - 包括用于变速箱的输入分离和辅助装置驱动***的传动系 - Google Patents
包括用于变速箱的输入分离和辅助装置驱动***的传动系 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
- B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
- F16H3/727—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
- F16H3/728—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
- F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
- F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
- F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
- F16H2037/0866—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
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- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
- F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
- F16H37/10—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
- F16H2037/102—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts the input or output shaft of the transmission is connected or connectable to two or more differentials
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- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
- F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
- F16H37/10—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
- F16H2037/105—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing
- F16H2037/106—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing with switching means to provide two variator modes or ranges
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- F16H—GEARING
- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
- F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
- F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
- F16H2200/201—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with three sets of orbital gears
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Abstract
一种车辆传动系,其包括连接到具有扭矩隔离器的输入扭矩装置上的发动机。多个相互啮合的辅助装置传动机构连接到该扭矩装置上,以便驱动辅助装置。混合型机电变速箱连接到该辅助装置传动结构之一上。当发动机未运转时,混合型机电变速箱的电动机/发电机可操作以驱动该辅助装置传递机构。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于传动系中的可电气式调节的变速箱的输入分离和辅助装置驱动***,其中,辅助装置传动机构连接在可电气式调节的变速箱和发动机之间,使得在发动机不运转时可由变速箱中的电动机来驱动辅助装置。
背景技术
车辆变速箱的目的是提供空档、至少一个倒车档,以及一个或多个可将来自发动机和/或其它动力源的动力传递到驱动件中的前进档,其中驱动件将来自车辆的牵引力传递到车辆在其上行驶的地面上。因此根据需要,驱动件可以是前轮、后轮或履带,以便提供所需的性能。
串联推进***是其中能量沿着从发动机到电存储装置然后再到可施加动力以使驱动件旋转的电动机上的路径来传送的***。在串联推进***中,在发动机和驱动件之间没有直接的机械连接。
适于接收来自发动机或电动机或这两者的输出动力的变速箱至今在很大程度上依赖于串联的混合型推进***的设计。这种***被设计成具有用于较少排放物和最佳燃料经济性的相对较低动力的辅助动力装置(APU)。然而,这种小型APU和甚至较大的能量存储装置的结合不能适应较高平均动力的车辆,或者不能解决需要连续恒速操作的负载循环的问题。使用典型的串联混合型变速箱配置无法实现所需高效率下的陡坡及持续的较高平均经济行驶速度。
因此,需要提供一种可在较宽范围的工作条件下以高效率来操作的动力***。所需的可电气式调节的变速箱应当兼备用于所需低平均动力负载循环即低速起动/停车负载循环的串联混合型变速箱的优点,以及用于高平均输出动力、高速负载循环的并联混合型变速箱的优点。在并联设置中,发动机所提供的动力以及电源所提供的动力独立地连接到驱动件上。
另外,完善两种模式或两个整体式动力分用(split)齿轮系的概念,其中各模式可供车载计算机同步地选择以将来自发动机和/或电动机/发电机的动力传送到输出轴上,其结果是形成了具有非常广泛的应用范围的混合型变速箱。
通过使用可调的双模式、输入和复合分用的并联混合型电力机械变速箱可实现所需的有益效果。这种变速箱利用输入件来接收来自车辆发动机的动力,并利用动力输出件来传递动力以驱动车辆。第一和第二电动机/发电机动力控制器连接到能量存储装置如电池组上,以便使能量存储装置可从第一和第二电动机/发电机中接收动力以及向其供应动力。由控制单元来调节能量存储装置和电动机/发电机之间以及第一和第二电动机/发电机之间的动力流。
可调的双模式输入分用的并联混合型电力机械变速箱还可使用至少一个行星齿轮装置。该行星齿轮装置具有内齿轮件和外齿轮件,其中各齿轮件均与多个行星齿轮件相啮合。输入件可操作地连接到行星齿轮装置中的一个齿轮件上,并提供了将动力输出件可操作地连接到行星齿轮装置内的另一齿轮件上的机构。电动机/发电机中的一个连接到行星齿轮装置内的其余齿轮件上,并提供了将电动机/发电机中的另一个可操作地连接到输出轴上的机构。
可采用扭矩传递装置来选择地实现第一或第二模式的操作。在此以前,在一个模式中,变速箱的输出速度与电动机/发电机中的一个的速度大致上成比例,在第二个模式中,变速箱的输出速度与电动机/发电机中的另一个的速度大致上成比例。
在可调的双模式输入分用的并联混合型电力机械变速箱的一些实施例中使用了第二行星齿轮装置。另外,一些实施例可使用三个扭矩传递装置,两个用来选择变速箱所需的工作模式,第三个可选择性地使变速箱与发动机脱开。在其它一些实施例中,可利用所有三个扭矩传递装置来选择变速箱的所需工作模式。
再次参考单排行星齿轮装置,行星齿轮件通常支撑在本身可旋转的托架上以进行旋转。当恒星齿轮保持静止且动力施加于齿圈上时,行星齿轮件响应于施加在齿圈上的动力而旋转,然后绕着固定的恒星齿轮沿圆周“行走”,以实现托架在与齿圈旋转方向相同的方向上的旋转。
当单排行星齿轮装置的任两个零件沿相同方向并以相同速度旋转时,将会驱使第三零件以相同速度沿相同方向转动。例如,当恒星齿轮和齿圈沿相同方向并以相同速度旋转时,行星齿轮不再绕它们自身轴线旋转,而是充当楔块来整个单元锁在一起,以实现所公知的直接驱动。也就是说,托架随恒星齿轮和齿圈一起旋转。
然而,当两个齿轮件沿相同方向但以不同速度旋转时,通常仅通过目视分析便可确定第三齿轮件的旋转方向,但在很多情况下该方向不明显,只有知道在行星齿轮装置的齿轮件中所存在的齿数才可确定。
当托架的自由旋转被限制且动力施加到恒星齿轮或者齿圈上时,行星齿轮件充当惰轮。这样,从动件沿着与驱动件相反的方向旋转。因此,在许多变速箱装置中,当选定了倒车档时,用作制动器的扭矩传递装置便被摩擦式促动以与托架接合,从而限制了其旋转,使得施加在恒星齿轮上的动力将使齿圈沿相反方向转动。因此,如果齿圈可操作地连接到车辆的驱动轮上,那么这种设置能够使驱动轮的旋转方向反向,进而改变车辆本身的方向。
如本领域内的技术人员所理解的那样,采用了动力分用装置的变速箱***可以接收来自两个供应源的动力。采用一个或多个行星齿轮装置可允许两个或多个齿轮系或模式,通过它们将来自变速箱输入件的动力传递到其输出件上。
于1996年9月24日授权给通用汽车公司的美国专利No.5558589公开了一种可调的双模式输入分用的并联混合型电力机械变速箱,其中在第一模式中存在有“机械点”,在第二模式中存在有两个机械点,该专利通过引用结合于本文中。于1999年8月3日授权给通用汽车公司的美国专利No.5931757公开了一种双模式复合分用的电力机械变速箱,其在第一模式中具有一个机械点,在第二模式中具有两个机械点,该专利通过引用结合于本文中。
在第一或第二模式中的变速箱工作期间中的任何时候,当电动机/发电机中的任一个静止时就会出现机械点。无机械点是不利的,因为当电动机/发电机中的一个处于机械点即静止时,从发动机到输出的动力传递会出现最大的机械效率。然而,在可调的双模式输入分用的并联混合型电力机械变速箱中,通常在第二模式中存在一个点,在此时电动机/发电机中的一个并不旋转,以便使所有的发动机动力可机械式地传递到输出处。
可电气式调节的变速箱提供了可以关闭发动机且经由电动机/发电机中之一来驱动车辆的能力,以降低怠速时的燃料消耗,减少排放物,降低噪音,以及允许乘客在建筑物内下车等等。在这些情况下,车辆必须保持可以驱动辅助装置如水泵、空气泵、液力转向泵和空调器的能力。可通过增设辅助装置用高压驱动电动机来执行这些功能。除了辅助电动机之外还需要控制器和高压配线,而它们会进一步增加成本与重量。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种车辆传动系,其具有经由辅助装置传动机构连接到发动机上的可电气式调节的变速箱。因此,当发动机未运转时,可采用该可电气式调节的变速箱的电动机/发电机来经由辅助装置传动机构而驱动辅助装置。还可在发动机上设置输入扭矩传递装置和扭矩隔离器,以便使发动机与变速箱分离并提供对传动***扰动的缓冲,从而使辅助装置和变速箱不会接收到源于发动机振动的扰动。
更具体地说,本发明提供了一种车辆传动系,其包括:发动机;可操作地连接到发动机输出件上的输入扭矩传递装置,其中该输入扭矩传递装置包括扭矩隔离器;以及多个可操作地连接到扭矩传递装置上的相互啮合的辅助装置传动机构。该辅助装置传动机构可分别与多个辅助装置相连以驱动这些辅助装置。混合型机电变速箱包括可操作地连接到传动结构之一上的输入轴。变速箱包括第一和第二电动机/发电机、多个齿轮装置,以及多个用于选择变速箱的工作模式和速度的扭矩传递机构。当发动机未运转时,可选择性地操作电动机/发电机中之一,以便驱动辅助装置传递机构。
发动机和变速箱可并联地设置,或者端对端地同轴设置。
扭矩隔离器可操作地连接在发动机和辅助装置传动机构之间,以便在连接到辅助装置传动机构上的辅助装置由发动机来驱动时,可通过扭矩隔离器来使辅助装置与发动机扰动隔离开。辅助装置选自液力转向部件、空调部件、空气压缩机和水泵等。
辅助装置传动机构相对于发动机和变速箱横向地延伸。辅助装置传动机构可操作地连接到包括有多个快速变换齿轮的动力输出装置上,其中所述快速变换齿轮可以互换,以改变到从动辅助装置中的输出传动比。
该传动系的特征是无变矩器,并且输入扭矩传递装置可如起动离合器来操作,从而选择性地与发动机和变速箱相连和分离。
该混合型机电变速箱可包括多种不同配置中的任一种。
从实施本发明的最佳方式的下述详细介绍中并结合附图,可以容易地清楚本发明的上述特点和优点,以及其它的特点和优点。
附图说明
图1显示了传动系的示意图,其包括并联设置的且由根据本发明的多个辅助装置传动机构连接起来的发动机和混合型机电变速箱;以及
图2显示了传动系的示意图,其包括同轴设置的发动机和混合型机电变速箱,以及根据本发明的一个备选实施例的多个辅助装置传动机构。
具体实施方式
参考图1,其显示了根据本发明的第一实施例的传动系10。在该实施例中,发动机12和混合型机电变速箱14并联地设置以改善装配长度。在公共汽车后部的应用中,这种并联设置可为乘客就坐提供额外的空间。
在发动机不运转时,这种混合型机电变速箱14使得车辆能够以电气方式来驱动。可以选择这种模式来降低怠速时的燃料消耗,减少排放物,允许乘客在建筑物内下车,以及降低噪音等等。在这种应用中,甚至在发动机关闭时,仍然需要驱动辅助装置如空气泵、水泵、液力转向***和空调器等。因此,传动系10提供了多个相互啮合的辅助装置传动机构16,其可由发动机12或变速箱14的电动机/发电机来驱动,从而驱动辅助装置18,它们可以包括液力转向部件、空调器、空气压缩机和水泵等。例如,辅助装置传动机构16还可驱动传动泵20。
辅助装置传动机构16包括相互啮合的齿轮22,24,26,28,30,其优选为奇数数目的齿轮,以便保持正确的输出旋转。齿轮24与快速变换式动力输出齿轮32,34接合,以用于驱动一个或多个辅助装置18。快速变换齿轮32,34可以选择性地与齿轮36,38(或与其它齿轮)互换,以用于改变到一个或多个选定辅助装置18中的输出传动比。可将快速变换式动力输出齿轮32,34,36,38设于可拆式罩盖之下,以便于这种齿轮互换。齿轮32,34,36,38优选具有不同的齿数,以便实现不同的传动比。
如图1所示,输入扭矩传递装置40如输入离合器连接到发动机12的输出件42上。输入扭矩传递装置40并不用来改变或控制混合型变速箱的工作模式。相反,输入扭矩传递装置40允许发动机12相对于混合型变速箱14的选择性接合和分离。
输入扭矩传递装置40包括可以缓冲由发动机12在传动系10上产生的扰动的扭矩隔离器44。于1991年4月23日授权给通用汽车公司的美国专利No.5009301公开了扭矩隔离器的实例,该专利通过引用整体地结合于本文中。
通过将扭矩隔离器44设置在发动机12的附近,辅助装置18便可被有效地隔离了传动系的扰动。在现有技术的采用了变矩装置的自动变速箱中由发动机来驱动辅助装置,这使得无法对辅助装置提供缓冲。
然而,图1所示混合型变速箱14以示例的方式来说明,任何混合型变速箱均可在相应之处结合本发明来一起使用。例如,所示混合型变速箱14是双模式复合分用的混合型机电变速箱,其具有可操作地连接到齿轮28上的输入轴46和可操作地与车辆驱动轮相关联的输出轴48。在输入轴46和输出轴48之间,变速箱14包括第一电动机/发电机50和第二电动机/发电机52,以及第一行星齿轮装置54、第二行星齿轮装置56和第三行星齿轮装置58。第一行星齿轮装置54包括齿圈60、行星齿轮托架组件62和恒星齿轮64。第二行星齿轮装置56包括齿圈66、行星齿轮托架组件68和恒星齿轮70。第三行星齿轮装置58包括齿圈72、行星齿轮托架组件74和恒星齿轮76。第一离合器80可选择性地使齿圈72与变速箱壳体82相连,以提供变速箱14的第一工作模式。第二离合器84可选择性地使行星齿轮托架组件62,68与行星齿轮托架组件74和输出轴48相连,以提供变速箱14的第二工作模式。第三离合器86可选择性地使恒星齿轮70与变速箱壳体82相连。第四离合器88可选择性地使恒星齿轮64与恒星齿轮70相连。第一互连件90可使恒星齿轮64与齿圈66相连。第二互连件92可使恒星齿轮70与恒星齿轮76相连。第三互连件94可使行星齿轮托架组件62与行星齿轮托架组件68相连。
本文将不提供变速箱14的完整操作描述,由于其操作对于本发明来说不是关键性的,因此其可被多种混合型变速箱代替。例如,于2003年12月19日提交并转让给通用汽车公司的美国临时申请No.60/531528介绍了类似功能的混合型变速箱,该申请通过引用整体地结合于本文中。
因此,当传动系20仅处于电模式下且发动机12未运转时,可采用电动机/发电机50并通过辅助装置传动机构16来驱动辅助装置18。同样,当发动机12运转时,驱动辅助装置18经由输入扭矩传递装置40和扭矩隔离器44并通过辅助装置传动机构16来驱动,这样就可以通过扭矩隔离器44来缓冲发动机的扰动。
下面来看图2,其显示了根据本发明的一个备选实施例的传动系110。在图2中采用类似的标号来表示与图1中类似的部件。如图2所示,与图1中所示的并联设置相反,发动机12’和变速箱14’端对端地同轴设置。变速箱14’与图1中所示的相同,故在此不进行重复介绍。同样,在本发明的范围内,可以用任何混合型机电变速箱来替代该变速箱14’。变速箱14’的输入轴46’可连接到辅助装置传动机构16’或辅助装置皮带/链条驱动轴112上,这可根据整体机组的要求来最优化地确定。
在图2中的方框17内所示的实施例中,安装于变速箱上的辅助装置18’可利用包括有齿轮24’,26’,28’和30’的辅助装置传动机构。齿轮28’连接到变速箱14’的输入轴46’上。由动力输出用快速变换齿轮32’,34’来驱动辅助装置18’。发动机12’经由输入扭矩传递装置40’和扭矩隔离器44’连接到辅助装置传动机构16’上。
或者,如图2所示,在优选实施例中,辅助装置传动机构26’可以连接到平行于发动机12’的驱动轴线而延伸的辅助装置驱动轴112上,并且可操作地与发动机12’的辅助装置传动皮带114接合,以用于驱动辅助装置传动皮带114。在这种配置中不需要对辅助装置传动皮带114和辅助装置的位置进行重设(与传统的发动机/传动皮带设置相比而言),并且在发动机12’不运转时,可以采用变速箱14’的电动机/发电机50’来驱动安装在发动机上的皮带/链条所驱动的辅助装置18”,在这种构造中该辅助装置18”位于发动机之前的其传统位置中。或者,发动机12’可以直接驱动辅助装置传动皮带114,进而驱动辅助装置18”。同样,由于隔离器44’设置在发动机12’的附近,因此可使辅助装置18’,18”和变速箱14’与来自发动机的扰动隔离开。
尽管已经具体介绍了实施本发明的最佳方式,然而熟悉本发明所涉及领域的人员将会认识到属于所附权利要求的范围内的用来实施本发明的各种替代性设计和实施例。
Claims (21)
1. 一种车辆传动系,包括:
发动机;
可操作地连接到所述发动机的输出件上的输入扭矩传递装置,所述输入扭矩传递装置包括扭矩隔离器;
多个可操作地连接到所述扭矩传递装置上的相互啮合的辅助装置传动机构,其中所述辅助装置传动机构分别与多个辅助装置相连,以用于驱动所述辅助装置;和
具有可操作地连接到所述传动机构之一上的输入轴的混合型机电变速箱,所述变速箱包括第一和第二电动机/发电机、多个行星齿轮装置,以及多个用于选择所述变速箱的工作模式和速度的扭矩传递机构;
其中,当所述发动机未运转时,可选择性地操作所述电动机/发电机中之一,以便驱动所述辅助装置传递机构。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆传动系,其特征在于,所述发动机和变速箱并联地并排设置。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆传动系,其特征在于,所述发动机和变速箱同轴地设置。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆传动系,其特征在于,所述扭矩隔离器可操作地连接在所述发动机和所述辅助装置传动机构之间,以便在连接到所述辅助装置传动机构上的辅助装置由所述发动机来驱动时,通过所述扭矩隔离器使所述辅助装置与来自发动机的扰动隔离开。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆传动系,其特征在于,所述辅助装置传动机构相对于所述发动机和变速箱横向地延伸。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆传动系,其特征在于,所述混合型机电变速箱是双模式复合分用的混合型机电变速箱,并且还包括:
用于传递来自变速箱的动力的输出件;
用于与所述第一和第二电动机/发电机互换电能的能量存储装置;
各所述行星齿轮装置均采用了第一、第二和第三齿轮件;
用于调节所述能量存储装置与所述第一和第二电动机/发电机之间的电能互换以及调节所述第一和第二电动机/发电机之间的电能互换的控制单元;
所述第一或第二行星齿轮装置内的所述齿轮件中的至少一个连接到所述第一电动机/发电机上;
所述第二和第三行星齿轮装置内的所述齿轮件中的另一个连接到所述第二电动机/发电机上;
第一扭矩传递机构,其将所述齿轮件中的与各所述第一、第二和第三行星齿轮装置相关联的一个选择性地相互连接并连接到所述输出件上;
第二扭矩传递机构,其将所述第三行星齿轮装置内的所述齿轮件中的一个选择性地接地;
第三扭矩传递机构,其将所述第二行星齿轮装置内的所述齿轮件中的一个选择性地接地;
将所述第一行星齿轮装置内的所述齿轮件中的一个与所述第二行星齿轮装置内的所述齿轮件中的一个连续式相连的第一互连件;
将所述第二行星齿轮装置内的所述齿轮件中的一个与所述第三行星齿轮装置内的所述齿轮件中的一个连续式相连的第二互连件;和
所述第一行星齿轮装置中的所述齿轮件中的一个与所述输入件连续式相连。
7. 根据权利要求3所述的车辆传动系,其特征在于,所述车辆传动系还包括将所述辅助装置传动机构可操作地连接到所述发动机的辅助装置传动皮带上的辅助装置驱动轴,所述辅助装置驱动轴平行于所述发动机的驱动轴线而延伸。
8. 根据权利要求6所述的车辆传动系,其特征在于,所述双模式复合分用的混合型机电变速箱还包括:
第四扭矩传递机构,其将所述第二行星齿轮装置内的所述齿轮件中的一个与所述第二行星齿轮装置内的所述齿轮件中的另一个选择性地连接。
9. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆传动系,其特征在于,所述多个相互啮合的辅助装置传动机构可操作地连接到包括有多个快速变换齿轮的动力输出装置上,所述多个快速变换齿轮能够互换,以改变到从动辅助装置中的输出传动比。
10. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆传动系,其特征在于,所述辅助装置选自液力转向部件、空调部件、空气压缩机和水泵。
11. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆传动系,其特征在于,所述传动系无变矩器,并且所述输入扭矩传递装置能够作为起动离合器来操作,从而与所述发动机和变速箱选择性地相连和分离。
12. 一种车辆传动系,包括:
发动机;
可操作地连接到所述发动机的输出件上的输入扭矩传递装置,所述输入扭矩传递装置包括扭矩隔离器;
多个可操作地连接到所述扭矩传递装置上的相互啮合的辅助装置传动机构,其中所述辅助装置传动机构分别与多个辅助装置相连,以用于驱动所述辅助装置,所述扭矩隔离器可操作地连接在所述发动机和所述辅助装置传动机构之间,以便在连接到所述辅助装置传动机构上的辅助装置由所述发动机来驱动时,通过所述扭矩隔离器来使所述辅助装置与来自发动机的扰动隔离开;和
具有可操作地连接到所述传动机构之一上的输入轴的混合型机电变速箱,所述变速箱包括第一和第二电动机/发电机、多个行星齿轮装置,以及多个用于选择所述变速箱的工作模式和速度的扭矩传递机构;
其中,当所述发动机未运转时,可选择性地操作所述电动机/发电机中之一,以便驱动所述辅助装置传递机构。
13. 根据权利要求12所述的车辆传动系,其特征在于,所述发动机和变速箱并联地并排设置。
14. 根据权利要求12所述的车辆传动系,其特征在于,所述发动机和变速箱同轴地设置。
15. 根据权利要求12所述的车辆传动系,其特征在于,所述辅助装置传动机构相对于所述发动机和变速箱横向地延伸。
16. 根据权利要求12所述的车辆传动系,其特征在于,所述混合型机电变速箱是双模式复合分用的混合型机电变速箱,并且还包括:
用于接受来自原动机动力源的动力的输入件;
用于传递来自变速箱的动力的输出件;
用于与所述第一和第二电动机/发电机互换电能的能量存储装置;
各所述行星齿轮装置均采用了第一、第二和第三齿轮件;
用于调节所述能量存储装置与所述第一和第二电动机/发电机之间的电能互换以及调节所述第一和第二电动机/发电机之间的电能互换的控制单元;
所述第一或第二行星齿轮装置内的所述齿轮件中的至少一个连接到所述第一电动机/发电机上;
所述第二和第三行星齿轮装置内的所述齿轮件中的另一个连接到所述第二电动机/发电机上;
第一扭矩传递机构,其将与各所述第一、第二和第三行星齿轮装置相关联的所述齿轮件中的一个选择性地相互连接并连接到所述输出件上;
第二扭矩传递机构,其将所述第三行星齿轮装置内的所述齿轮件中的一个选择性地接地;
第三扭矩传递机构,其将所述第二行星齿轮装置内的所述齿轮件中的一个选择性地接地;
将所述第一行星齿轮装置内的所述齿轮件中的一个与所述第二行星齿轮装置内的所述齿轮件中的一个连续式相连的第一互连件;
将所述第二行星齿轮装置内的所述齿轮件中的一个与所述第三行星齿轮装置内的所述齿轮件中的一个连续式相连的第二互连件;和
所述第一行星齿轮装置中的所述齿轮件中的一个与所述输入件连续式相连。
17. 根据权利要求14所述的车辆传动系,其特征在于,所述车辆传动系还包括将所述辅助装置传动机构可操作地连接到所述发动机的辅助装置传动皮带上的辅助装置驱动轴,所述辅助装置驱动轴平行于所述发动机的驱动轴线而延伸。
18. 根据权利要求16所述的车辆传动系,其特征在于,所述双模式复合分用的混合型机电变速箱还包括:
第四扭矩传递机构,其将所述第二行星齿轮装置内的所述齿轮件中的一个与所述第二行星齿轮装置内的所述齿轮件中的另一个选择性地连接。
19. 根据权利要求12所述的车辆传动系,其特征在于,所述多个互相啮合的辅助装置传动机构可操作地连接到包括多个快速变换齿轮的动力输出装置上,所述多个快速变换齿轮能够互换,以改变到从动辅助装置中的输出传动比。
20. 一种车辆传动系,包括:
发动机;
多个可操作地连接到所述扭矩传递装置上的相互啮合的辅助装置传动机构,其中所述辅助装置传动机构分别与多个辅助装置相连,以用于驱动所述辅助装置;和
具有可操作地连接到所述传动机构之一的输入轴上的混合型机电变速箱,所述变速箱包括第一和第二电动机/发电机、多个行星齿轮装置,以及多个用于选择所述变速箱的工作模式和速度的扭矩传递机构;
其中,当所述发动机未运转时,可选择性地操作所述电动机/发电机中之一,以便驱动所述辅助装置传递机构。
21. 根据权利要求20所述的车辆传动系,其特征在于,所述车辆传动系还包括可操作地连接到所述发动机的输出件上的输入扭矩传递装置,所述输入扭矩传递装置包括扭矩隔离器;其中,所述扭矩隔离器可操作地连接在所述发动机和所述辅助装置传动机构之间,以便在连接到所述辅助装置传动机构上的辅助装置由所述发动机驱动时,通过所述扭矩隔离器来使所述辅助装置与来自发动机的扰动隔离开。
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US10/901722 | 2004-07-29 | ||
US10/901,722 US7282003B2 (en) | 2004-07-29 | 2004-07-29 | Powertrain including input disconnect and accessory drive system for an electrically variable transmission |
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CN100419310C true CN100419310C (zh) | 2008-09-17 |
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US20060025260A1 (en) | 2006-02-02 |
DE102005035403A1 (de) | 2006-03-23 |
US7282003B2 (en) | 2007-10-16 |
CN1727737A (zh) | 2006-02-01 |
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