CN100412569C - Method for conducting earthquake signal high frequency compensation utilizing earthquake micro metering - Google Patents
Method for conducting earthquake signal high frequency compensation utilizing earthquake micro metering Download PDFInfo
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- CN100412569C CN100412569C CNB2005100493404A CN200510049340A CN100412569C CN 100412569 C CN100412569 C CN 100412569C CN B2005100493404 A CNB2005100493404 A CN B2005100493404A CN 200510049340 A CN200510049340 A CN 200510049340A CN 100412569 C CN100412569 C CN 100412569C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method for the high frequency compensation of an earthquake signal by utilizing an earthquake micrometer, which uses the earthquake waveform information of a micrometer to analyze the spectral characteristics of primary waveform in a direct wave in order to obtain the attenuation characteristics of earthquake signals in different depths. Simultaneously, systematic input and output are used for analyzing the absorbing attenuation response of a near surficial system, and then high-frequency compensation is carried out on the basis of the data of earthquake superposition. The present invention uses the technology of the earthquake micrometer to research the attenuation law of near surficial media, the characteristics of a series of different primary earthquake waveform are utilized to understand waveform spectrum variation (comprising oscillation amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum) in different depths in order to obtain an inverse filtering factor for the high frequency compensation of artificial earthquake reflecting signals in superposed earthquake data. The superior signal-noise ratio bandwidth of compensated reflected wave earthquake signals is obviously widened, and thus, resolving power for the earthquake signals is enhanced. The present invention provides a favorable tool for exploring oil gas in lithological earthquake.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of earthquake micro logging that utilizes and carry out seismic signal high-frequency compensation method, particularly utilize the attenuation law of micro logging observation signal to carry out high-frequency compensation to improve the effective way of seismic signal resolution.
Background technology
Earthquake micro logging technology mainly is used to investigate in the past the near surface geologic structure, it mainly is to utilize the different focus of a series of degree of depth to understand the degree of depth of the thickness and the water table of underground low velocity layer time of arrival to the differently seismic wave first arrival of surface geophone, and what it was paid close attention to is the time of arrival of earthquake primary wave.
The attenuation by absorption of near surface compensation often adopts the mode of Q inverse filtering to carry out in the past, but its effect is because the measuring accuracy of Q parameter limits is affected.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing the earthquake micro logging to carry out the seismic signal high-frequency compensation.
The step of method is as follows:
(1) to the resulting micro logging record of different depth focus, usually focus is a detonator, the micro logging mode has two kinds of individual well micro logging and twin-well micro loggings, guaranteeing under the distortionless prerequisite of micro logging first arrival waveform, the editing and processing that keeps primary wave, its spectral amplitude and phase spectrum are analyzed, try to achieve of the system filter device response of this degree of depth with respect to primary wave on the minimum-depth, specifically be that the waveform frequency spectrum of utilizing the waveform character of a series of different earthquake primary waves to understand on the different depth changes, be equivalent to the near surface stratum as a system, the response of under the situation of known system input and output, obtaining system;
(2) the system filter device with the minimum-depth primary wave responds as desired output, filter response for the different depth primary wave, obtain the inverse filter that it absorbs earth-attenuation according to the principle of least square inverse filtering, after acting on post-stack seismic data, thereby realized eliminating the high-frequency compensation that near surface is decayed; Specifically: excite if well depth in micro logging is the position of i, the seismic signal that ground receives is x
1(t), be 1 through thickness
jThe stratum to another degree of depth j, then Ci Shi seismic signal is: x
j(t)=q
j(t) * x
1(t), q in the formula
j(t) expression zone thickness 1
jTo the influence of fading of reflected signal, i.e. the response of system, thereby inverse operator P
j=q
j -1={ p
1(t) } just can compensate stratum 1
jDecay to reflected signal frequency and amplitude has x
1(t)=p
j(t) * x
j(t); Find the solution in frequency field, Fourier transform is done on the equation both sides, X is arranged
1(f)=P
j(f) * X
j(f), further obtain P
j(f)=X
1(f)/X
j(f)=X
1(f) * Xj (f)/| Xj (f) |
2, consider noise, P is arranged
j(f)=X
1(f)/X
j(f)=X
1(f) * Xj (f)/[| Xj (f) |
2+ α
2], α represents noise in the formula, with inverse operator p
j(t) be called the absorption compensation inverse filter; When frequency field finally realizes inverse filtering, note the difference that time-sampling rate difference is caused, way is the inverse filtering factor length lengthening with time domain, so that both frequency intervals reach consistent.
The present invention utilizes earthquake micro logging technology to study the attenuation law of near surface medium, it mainly is that the waveform frequency spectrum of utilizing the waveform character of a series of different earthquake primary waves to understand on the different depth changes, comprise amplitude Pu and phase spectrum, be equivalent to the near surface stratum as a system, the response of under the situation of known system input and output, obtaining system.Thereby obtain the high-frequency compensation that an inverse filtering factor pair post-stack seismic data carries out the artificial earthquake reflected signal.The advantage signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) bandwidth that compensates later reflection wave seismic signal has obtained significantly widening, thereby has improved the resolution characteristic of seismic signal, for lithology seismic prospecting oil gas provides favourable instrument.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is the individual well observed pattern synoptic diagram of earthquake micro logging;
Fig. 1 (b) is the twin-well observed pattern synoptic diagram of earthquake micro logging;
Fig. 2 is that the somewhere micro logging is resulting a series of through the later different depth seismic event first arrival signal waveforms of editing and processing;
Fig. 3 is the power spectrum of the corresponding direct wave of the different source depth in somewhere, and among the figure: a left side is 13 meters of the degree of depth, and the right side is 3 meters for the degree of depth;
Fig. 4 is the comparing result of earthquake stacked section before and after the somewhere high-frequency compensation is handled, and among the figure: a left side is for before handling, and is right for after handling;
The power spectrum that Fig. 5 handles the front and back superposition of data for the somewhere contrasts, and among the figure: a left side is for before handling, and the right side is after handling;
The frequency sweep result that Fig. 6 handles the front and back stacked section for the somewhere contrasts, and a left side is for before handling, and the right side is after handling.
Embodiment
The present invention keeps the editing and processing of primary wave to the resulting earthquake micro logging of different depth focus (being generally detonator) record, and its spectral amplitude and phase spectrum are analyzed, and tries to achieve the filter response of this degree of depth with respect to the primary wave system of minimum-depth.System filter device with the minimum-depth primary wave responds as desired output, filter response for the different depth primary wave, just can obtain the inverse filter that it absorbs earth-attenuation according to the principle of least square inverse filtering, after all post-stack seismic datas are handled, thus the high-frequency compensation of realization seismic signal.
Open-air earthquake micro logging observation technology of the present invention is provided by following diagram.Fig. 1 (a) is the individual well observed pattern, and Fig. 1 (b) is the twin-well observed pattern.At near surface lithology competitive list for the moment, individual well micro logging observed pattern can be adopted, and during near surface lithology more complicated, two well logging observed patterns should be adopted.
Fig. 2 has represented the signal of a series of micro logging seismic event first arrival, and their waveform has faint difference as can be seen.We utilize this difference just can carry out spectrum analysis to the earthquake primary wave signal on the different depth, thereby obtain their decay absorbing rule on spectral amplitude and phase spectrum.
The micro logging in past is often only noted the time of arrival of primary wave, in order to see the time of primary wave take-off clearly, thereby sometimes the gain of seismic instrument is transferred very high, also be enlargement factor give very big, make waveform subsequent distortion occur, this situation must prevent in the application of present technique in strictness.
Fig. 3 is the result of the seismic event first arrival signal amplitude analysis of spectrum of (13 meters and 3 meters) on two different depths in a certain micro logging, and both spectral amplitudes are different as can be seen, and particularly the radio-frequency component of deep signal has been attenuated significantly as can be seen.
It is as follows that the present invention compensates the inverse filter principle:
Excite if the well depth in micro logging is the position of i, the seismic signal that ground receives is x
1(t), be 1 through thickness
jThe stratum to another degree of depth j, then Ci Shi seismic signal is
x
j(t)＝q
j(t)*x
1(t)(1)
In the formula, q
j(t) expression zone thickness 1
jTo the influence of fading of reflected signal, i.e. the response of system.So, inverse operator P
j=q
j -1={ p
1(t) } just can compensate stratum 1
jDecay to reflected signal frequency and amplitude has
x
1(t)＝p
j(t)*x
j(t)(2)
In time domain, equation (2) is to utilize the Levinson algorithm to obtain p
jCan certainly find the solution in frequency field, Fourier transform is done on equation (2) both sides, have
X
1(f)＝P
j(f)×X
j(f)(3)
Can get by equation (3)
P
j(f)＝X
1(f)/X
j(f)＝X
1(f)×Xj(f)/|Xj(f)|
2(4)
Consider noise, have
P
j(f)＝X
1(f)/X
j(f)＝X
1(f)×Xj(f)/[|Xj(f)|
2+α
2](5)
α represents noise in the formula (5).We are with inverse operator p
j(t) be called the absorption compensation inverse filter.When frequency field finally realizes inverse filtering, note the difference that time-sampling rate difference is caused.Our way is the inverse filtering factor length lengthening with time domain, so that both frequency intervals reach consistent.
The compensation result contrast:
As shown in Figure 4, left side figure is the stacked section before the high-frequency compensation, and right figure is the later stacked section of high-frequency compensation.The radio-frequency component showed increased of seismic signal on the section after handling as can be seen, quantity of information obviously increases, and a lot of detail sections are reflection to some extent all, and some interferes complex wave to obtain separation.
Fig. 5 is the spectrum analysis result to seismic prospecting zone of interest among Fig. 4, it has illustrated the high-frequency compensation treatment effect especially quantitatively, left side figure is the spectrum analysis result of zone of interest on the preceding seismic section of high-frequency compensation, and right figure is the spectrum analysis result of zone of interest on the later seismic section of high-frequency compensation.Advantage signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) bandwidth before high-frequency compensation will be handled is as can be seen widened to 0～160 hertz from 0～70 hertz, the high band energy has obtained remarkable reinforcement, the basic simultaneously low-frequency component that keeps does not have to change, and so just makes the resolution characteristic of seismic signal be greatly improved.
Fig. 6 is to the frequency sweep analysis of two seismic sections among Fig. 4 (80～150 hertz) comparison diagram as a result, as can be seen in 80～150 hertz of frequency ranges, seismic section before the compensation deals has not been seen reflection line-ups, and the still visible later on a plurality of seismic reflection lineups of high-frequency compensation.
Claims (1)
1. one kind is utilized the earthquake micro logging to carry out seismic signal high-frequency compensation method, it is characterized in that the step of method is as follows:
(1) to the resulting micro logging record of different depth focus, usually focus is a detonator, the micro logging mode has two kinds of individual well micro logging and twin-well micro loggings, guaranteeing under the distortionless prerequisite of micro logging first arrival waveform, the editing and processing that keeps primary wave, its spectral amplitude and phase spectrum are analyzed, try to achieve of the system filter device response of this degree of depth with respect to primary wave on the minimum-depth, specifically be that the waveform frequency spectrum of utilizing the waveform character of a series of different earthquake primary waves to understand on the different depth changes, be equivalent to the near surface stratum as a system, the response of under the situation of known system input and output, obtaining system;
(2) the system filter device with the minimum-depth primary wave responds as desired output, filter response for the different depth primary wave, obtain the inverse filter that it absorbs earth-attenuation according to the principle of least square inverse filtering, after acting on post-stack seismic data, thereby realized eliminating the high-frequency compensation that near surface is decayed; Specifically: excite if well depth in micro logging is the position of i, the seismic signal that ground receives is x
1(t), be 1 through thickness
jThe stratum to another degree of depth j, then Ci Shi seismic signal is: x
j(t)=q
j(t) * x
1(t), q in the formula
j(t) expression zone thickness 1
1To the influence of fading of reflected signal, i.e. the response of system, thereby inverse operator P
j=q
j -1={ p
1(t) } just can compensate stratum 1
jDecay to reflected signal frequency and amplitude has x
1(t)=p
j(t) * X
j(t); Find the solution in frequency field, Fourier transform is done on the equation both sides, X is arranged
1(f)=P
j(f) * X
j(f), further obtain P
j(f)=X
1(f)/X
j(f)=X
1(f) * Xj (f)/| Xj (f) |
2, consider noise, P is arranged
j(f)=X
1(f)/X
j(f)=X
1(f) * Xj (f)/[| Xj (f) |
2+ α
2], α represents noise in the formula, with inverse operator p
j(t) be called the absorption compensation inverse filter; When frequency field finally realizes inverse filtering, note the difference that time-sampling rate difference is caused, way is the inverse filtering factor length lengthening with time domain, so that both frequency intervals reach consistent.
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| CN100412569C true CN100412569C (en) | 2008-08-20 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102269822A (en) * | 2010-06-02 | 2011-12-07 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Mixed stratigraphic absorption compensation method |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101929332B (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2012-12-12 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Method for determining speed and buried depth of undrilled stratum by adopting long-array micrometer well |
| CN102109612B (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2012-10-17 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Seismic wave absorption and attenuation compensation method |
| CN102323616B (en) * | 2011-06-08 | 2013-03-13 | 浙江大学 | Frequency division matching method for increasing seismic data resolution of limestone exposure area |
| CN111722275B (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2023-03-10 | 中国石油化工集团有限公司 | Broadband scanning signal design method based on absorption attenuation compensation |
| CN113552616B (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2024-03-15 | 江苏省地震局 | Method and system for compensating detector data |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU428331A1 (en) * | 1971-07-14 | 1974-05-15 | Институт геофизики | DEVICE FOR ACOUSTIC WAGGES |
| US4168483A (en) * | 1977-09-06 | 1979-09-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics & Space Administration | System for detecting substructure microfractures and method therefor |
| US4319346A (en) * | 1980-04-21 | 1982-03-09 | Halliburton Company | Acoustic frequency spectrum logging |
-
2005
- 2005-03-11 CN CNB2005100493404A patent/CN100412569C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU428331A1 (en) * | 1971-07-14 | 1974-05-15 | Институт геофизики | DEVICE FOR ACOUSTIC WAGGES |
| US4168483A (en) * | 1977-09-06 | 1979-09-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics & Space Administration | System for detecting substructure microfractures and method therefor |
| US4319346A (en) * | 1980-04-21 | 1982-03-09 | Halliburton Company | Acoustic frequency spectrum logging |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102269822A (en) * | 2010-06-02 | 2011-12-07 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Mixed stratigraphic absorption compensation method |
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