CN100394664C - Compensator for electric-railway non-power compensation and electric-energy quality control - Google Patents
Compensator for electric-railway non-power compensation and electric-energy quality control Download PDFInfo
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- CN100394664C CN100394664C CNB2006100893967A CN200610089396A CN100394664C CN 100394664 C CN100394664 C CN 100394664C CN B2006100893967 A CNB2006100893967 A CN B2006100893967A CN 200610089396 A CN200610089396 A CN 200610089396A CN 100394664 C CN100394664 C CN 100394664C
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Abstract
The invention is concerned with the compensation equipment that uses for electrification railroad reactive power compensation and the electrical energy quality control, including: two groups of passive filters using to provide reactive power for electrification railroad locomotive and filters the harmonic current of the electrification locomotive; two groups of contravariant equipments using to create current that can control the breadth value, the phase and the frequency; two groups of transformers using to coupling the current from the two contravariant equipments to the supply are of the electrification railroad; the public direct-current unit using to transform the active power between the two groups of contravariant equipments and provide the direct-current to the two groups of contravariant equipments. The invention can process power factor compensation for the electrification railroad supply system, control the quality of the electricity energy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of compensation arrangement that is used for electric railway reactive power compensation and quality of power supply control, relate in particular to and a kind of electric railway is carried out reactive power compensation, comprehensive compensation arrangement to comprising that the qualities of power supply such as negative phase-sequence, harmonic wave, voltage fluctuation and flicker are administered, belong to the electrifing railway supply field.
Background technology
For electric power system, electric railway is typical uneven non-linear impact load, and it has serious harmful effect to the normal safety and the economical operation of electrical network.One, electric iron load generally adopts single phase power supply, and load has strong asymmetrical characteristic concerning three-phase system, produces very large fundamental negative sequence current (also comprising the harmonic wave composition), and is serious to electrical network three-phase power supply system symmetrical operation and rotary electrical apparatus influence; Traction load to electric iron also can bring harmful effect; Its two, electric locomotive is a high-power single-phase rectifier load, produces very big harmonic wave, makes power supply public network waveform quality take place seriously to distort; Its three, electric iron load has high-power and impact characteristics, causes the serious skew and the fluctuation of mains supply system voltage, influences the electrical network quality of power supply and safe operation; Its four, electric iron load power factor is on the low side, and impact is big, and supply power voltage skew is strengthened, reactive power compensation difficulty, operation less economical.
Traditional traction substation adopts the fixed capacity compensation, and compensation capacity can not change by follow load, often produces idle anti-situation about sending, and performance driving economy is poor; And because the existence of current harmonics, negative sequence component, capacitor can not get guaranteeing that not only running wastage is very big, and influences the normal operation of electric iron equipment in the fail safe of traction substation operation.
Adopt the transformer of balancing transformer or other special constructions, can to a certain degree improve the electric power system imbalance, but also must adopt other devices to improve power factor or inhibition harmonic wave, and the price of this class special transformer all compares expensive.
Adopt thyristor-controlled reactor (hereinafter to be referred as TCR) type Static Var Compensator (hereinafter to be referred as SVC) can effectively improve the imbalance of electric power system, reduce negative-sequence current, but this a large amount of harmonic wave of meeting product in running of TCR, must adopt jumbo filter ripple to remove the humorous harmonic wave that involves the TCR generation of electric iron self, the floor space of equipment is big; Because SVC can only export reactive current, the very big capacity of needs could compensate negative phase-sequence and the reactive current in the drawing electric network, and the equipment integral investment is huge; Reactor loss among the TCR is very severe in addition, and the operation and maintenance cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of compensation arrangement that is used for electric railway reactive power compensation and quality of power supply control, in the power factor that idle support, the electric iron load of raising are provided for electric iron electric power system, can effectively suppress negative sequence component, voltage fluctuation and electrical energy power quality disturbances such as flickering, harmonic wave in the electric power system, fully reduce the energy consumption of electric iron electric power system.This device can also reduce the running wastage of device itself greatly according to the operation characteristic of electric iron by suitable control device in running.
The compensation arrangement that is used for electric railway reactive power compensation and quality of power supply control that the present invention proposes comprises:
(1) two group of passive filter is used to the electric railway electric locomotive that reactive power is provided, and the harmonic current of filtering electric locomotive generation, and passive filter is connected in parallel on the supply arm of electric railway;
(2) two groups of inverters of being made up of one or more single-phase inverters respectively are used to produce the controlled electric current of amplitude, phase place and frequency;
(3) two groups of transformers are used for the electric current that above-mentioned two groups of inverters produce is coupled to the supply arm of electric railway, and the former limit of transformer is connected in parallel on the supply arm of electric railway, and secondary links to each other with inverter;
(4) public direct-current unit, the DC side with above-mentioned two groups of inverters links to each other respectively, is used for transmitting active power between above-mentioned two groups of inverters, and provides direct voltage for two groups of inverters.
Passive filter in the above-mentioned compensation arrangement is a second order high pass passive filter.
In the above-mentioned compensation arrangement, constitute the single-phase inverter of inverter, can be in the single-phase electricity potential source type inverter of two level, three level or many level structure any one.
The compensation arrangement that is used for electric railway reactive power compensation and quality of power supply control that the present invention proposes is used the voltage source inverter based on the full-control type power electronic switch, when making full use of the various advanced features of inverter, bring into play passive filter configuration advantage simple, with low cost again as far as possible, make the technical indicator of package unit and economic performance reach optimum.This invention has the following advantages:
(1) traditional electric iron disposes according to harmonic number usually accordingly with passive filter, and one group of passive filter can be installed respectively on each supply arm in this programme, with by the harmonic current more than 7 times and 7 times, simplified the design of fixed passive filter greatly.Passive filter provides a part of reactive power compensation in addition, can reduce the capacity of inverter and the cost of whole system is reduced.
(2) common passive filter is owing to be subjected to the influence of harmonic current, the fail safe of capacitor reduces, the shortening in useful life, when design imperfection or system's service conditions change, the situation that resonance or harmonic current amplify also appears in passive filter easily, and in the solution of the present invention, can control by current tracking, make inverter send the harmonic current of amplitude and specific and frequency, realize that harmonic wave suppresses; Owing to utilize current transformer to compensate 3 times and 5 subharmonic currents, the design of passive filter is become simply, and the threat that amplified by resonance or harmonic current reduce greatly.
(3) common passive filter, when tractive power supply system underloading or zero load, the idle situation of sending system can take place, in traction change and supply line, cause very big energy waste, and among the present invention program, utilized the reactive compensation capacity of inverter to carry out the adjusting of dynamic real-time, idle sending (the reactive power capacity that perhaps send is very little) can not occur, save the electric energy of traction substation;
(4) adopt TCR or other based on the reactive power compensation scheme of reactor, can produce a large amount of harmonic currents, so compensation arrangement itself must add certain filter, whole filter capacity is bigger than normal, and the running wastage of reactor is very big.Device of the present invention adopts the structure of pulse-width modulation (hereinafter to be referred as PWM) technology or multipleization, can make its output current near sinusoidal wave, thereby does not need the outer filter of plus.
(5) by switch control to device for high-power power electronic, device of the present invention not only can be realized idle continuous adjusting (absorb idle or send idle), and the amplitude by the control compensation electric current and and load voltage between phase angle realize meritorious transmission and balance between two supply arms, thereby effectively suppress because the uneven negative phase-sequence problem of bringing of two supply arms load.Realize that with traditional reactive power compensation that only depends on the method for negative sequence management compares, greatly the capacity of economy system.
(6) under supply arm underloading situation, the part or all of inverter module in can locking apparatus of the present invention reduces the running wastage of device greatly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure principle chart of the compensation arrangement that proposes of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an embodiment of compensation arrangement of the present invention, and inverter wherein is made of three inverters.
Fig. 3 is the control algolithm schematic diagram of compensation arrangement of the present invention.
Embodiment
The compensation arrangement that is used for electric railway reactive power compensation and quality of power supply control that the present invention proposes, its structure as shown in Figure 1, comprise: two groups of passive filters, be used to the electric railway electric locomotive that reactive power is provided, and the harmonic current of filtering electric locomotive generation, passive filter is connected in parallel on the supply arm of electric railway; Two groups of inverters of being made up of one or more single-phase inverters respectively are used to produce the controlled electric current of amplitude, phase place and frequency; Two groups of transformers are used for the electric current that above-mentioned two groups of inverters produce is coupled to the supply arm of electric railway, and the former limit of transformer is connected in parallel on the supply arm of electric railway, and secondary links to each other with inverter; The public direct-current unit links to each other with above-mentioned two groups of inverters respectively, is used for transmitting active power between above-mentioned two groups of inverters, and provides direct voltage for two groups of inverters.
Passive filter in the above-mentioned compensation arrangement is second order high pass passive filter, is used for the harmonic wave of filtering specific times and above number of times.
In the above-mentioned compensation arrangement, constitute the single-phase inverter of inverter, can be in the single-phase electricity potential source type inverter of two level, three level or many level structure any one.Can be each single-phase inverter of every supply arm, also can on each supply arm, adopt a plurality of single-phase inverter parallels as required.As shown in Figure 2,3 single-phase inverter parallels are arranged on each supply arm.
In the compensation arrangement of the present invention, when inverter did not need output current, inverter can be operated in the pulse blocking, to reduce the running wastage of whole device.If adopt the structure of a plurality of inverter parallel connections, when the electric current of its output hour can the latch portion single-phase inverter, thereby the capacity that makes full use of other modules reduces the loss of device, improves the operational efficiency of device.
Below further introduce the operation principle of compensation arrangement of the present invention:
The invention provides a kind of electric iron reactive power compensation and electric energy quality comprehensive control device based on silent oscillation compensation arrangement (hereinafter to be referred as SVG), wherein, SVG is meant a kind of parallel connection type compensation arrangement that constitutes based on voltage source inverter (hereinafter to be referred as VSC), be called STATCOM (hereinafter to be referred as STATCOM) again, it adopts gate level turn-off thyristor (GTO), igbt (IGBT) or the integral gate change transistor high-power power electronic device of turn-offing such as (IGCT), form the VSC of full-control type, can realize the conversion and the utilization of electric energy easily.Composite control apparatus provided by the invention comprises: (1) two group of passive filter, be used to the electric railway electric locomotive that reactive power is provided, and certain the specific subharmonic of filtering electric locomotive generation and the harmonic current of above number of times, passive filter is connected in parallel on the supply arm of electric railway; (2) two groups of inverters of being made up of one or more single-phase inverters respectively are used to produce the controlled electric current of amplitude, phase place and frequency, eliminate the voltage fluctuation and the flickering of low-order harmonic electric current, compensation negative-sequence current, inhibition system; (3) two groups of transformers are used for the electric current that above-mentioned two groups of inverters produce is coupled to the supply arm of electric railway, and the former limit of transformer is connected in parallel on the supply arm of electric railway, and secondary links to each other with inverter; (4) public direct-current unit links to each other with above-mentioned two groups of inverters respectively, is used for transmitting active power between above-mentioned two groups of inverters, and provides direct voltage for two groups of inverters.
The effect of described passive filter provides capacitive reactive power compensation improving the electric power system power factor, and can present low impedance state to certain specific subharmonic and above harmonic current simultaneously, plays the effect of filtering harmonic wave.
The described SVG that forms by the single-phase inverter of public direct-current unit, different with traditional three-phase SVG device that is used for electric power system, it is one or more groups two-phase pattern SVG device in parallel, the interchange output of every group of two inverters is connected respectively to two supply arms of same traction transformer by transformer, the dc bus of inverter connects together, the common DC unit.This inverter: (1) provides the function of active power filtering, i.e. control inverter output low-order harmonic offset current is offset corresponding load low-order harmonic electric current, and in the application scenario of electric railway, load low-order harmonic electric current often refers to 3 times and 5 subharmonic currents; (2) negative-sequence current that causes owing to the supply arm laod unbalance is compensated, be the amplitude and the phase place of the fundamental current of control inverter output, the reactive power that between two supply arms, exchanges active power or regulate each brachium pontis, thereby the Voltage unbalance degree of reduction points of common connection (PCC); (3) under the situation of the fluctuation of load, by adjustment, suppress the current fluctuation of Traction Station system side as far as possible to inverter active power of output and reactive power, improve because the power quality problems such as voltage fluctuation and flicker that the load acute variation causes; (4) load is less when not needing SVG compensation or only needing the part compensation capacity can all or part of inverter of locking, reduce the running wastage of device, improve its efficient.
The power quality problems such as voltage wave that negative phase-sequence, harmonic wave and the impact load that causes at the electric railway load causes, can be optimized control to traditional SVG device, bring into play the advantage of the Comprehensive Control of its meritorious, idle and harmonic wave, satisfy the improvement demand better.Comprehensive compensation proposed by the invention and the wiring of control device principle are as shown in Figure 1.Be two facies pattern SVG among the figure in the frame of broken lines, be applicable to the asymmetry compensation of the traction substation of electric railway of all kinds wiring.
With reference to shown in Figure 1, electric iron reactive power compensation that the present invention proposes and electric energy quality comprehensive control device directly carry out reactive power compensation and the quality of power supply are controlled in the supply arm side, two single-phase inverters that comprise passive filter and common DC unit, do not have the filter filter and can be directly connected to supply arm, single-phase inverter is connected to supply arm by step-up transformer.
Control by power factor makes idle in-situ balancing, reduces the loss that reactive current causes.No matter whether supply arm is with carries, the passive filter compensated part is idle, and idle deficiency or redundance utilize the idle two-phase regulating power of SVG single-phase bridge to regulate, and realize idle in-situ balancing in the supply arm side, under this mode, the loss of reactive current is very little in the traction transformer.When system's underloading, if SVG adopts the mode (Fig. 2) of inverter parallel connection, can allow part or all of inverter be in the locking operational mode, reduce the device running wastage to greatest extent.When satisfying the power factor controlling requirement, SVG inverter output current reference value is Im1, It1.
Utilize the characteristics of public direct-current unit, the exchange of can between two supply arms, gaining merit, difference according to detected two phase loads, make the inverter of little supply arm one side of load absorb half of difference of two arms load active power from drawing electric network, by public direct-current electric capacity this part active power is sent into big supply arm one side of load from the little side of loading, thereby reach the purpose of two arm active power balances.At some in particular cases, under the bigger situation of two arm load power differences, can be in inverter capacity allowed band exchange is meritorious as much as possible, even the power that is exchanged less than half of 2 arm load difference, the imbalance that causes for electric iron load also has good improvement effect.Gain merit between 2 supply arms in the exchange, SVG also and carry out reactive power between the corresponding supply arm and flow guarantees that the power factor of both sides meets the demands.Meritorious when idle for load balance is exchanged between two supply arms, SVG inverter output current reference value is Im2, It2.
(this class transformer is when two phase loads are equal when traction transformer adopts balanced impedance matching transformer or some other special balancing transformer, AC network side three-phrase burden balance), the reactive balance if two supply arms are gained merit (the load current equal and opposite in direction of two arms and identical) with angle between separately the supply power voltage, the system side three-phase equilibrium no longer needs extra compensation.But the particularity of electric iron load makes that the equilibrium ratio of two supply arms is difficult to realize.Adopt other forms when traction transformer in addition, even during two arm load balances, the system side negative-sequence current is half of forward-order current, also must carry out corresponding imbalance compensation.By Reactive Power Control to 2 side inverters, the bucking-out system negative-sequence current, at this moment, SVG inverter output current reference value is Im3, It3.
During the in parallel connecting system of voltage source inverter, be a kind of compensation arrangement of current source type, not only can export fundamental current, also can the output harmonic wave electric current, active power filter (APF, Active Power Filter) promptly is a typical application.When electric railway is carried out harmonic wave control, on the one hand in order to reduce the cost of coupling transformer between inverter and supply arm, should not allow inverter that high order harmonic component is compensated, on the other hand, the harmonic current that adopts the electrified locomotive of thyristorized supply to cause mainly is low-order harmonic electric current, especially 3 times and 5 subharmonic currents such as 3,5,7.Therefore, the low-order harmonic electric current in the detection supply arm load harmonic current and (for example 3 times and 5 times) also make inverter output corresponding compensation electric current, can effectively suppress the influence of harmonic wave to electric power system.When carrying out harmonic compensation, SVG inverter output current reference value is Im4, It4.
Take all factors into consideration demands for control such as power factor, imbalance, harmonic wave control, the offset current reference value of SVG single-phase inverter is respectively Icmref=Im1+Im2+Im3+Im4, Ictref=It1+It2+It3+It4.Adopt the control algolithm of electric current dynamic tracking, can allow inverter actual output current tracking and compensating current reference value, thereby reach the integration requirement that reactive power compensation and the quality of power supply are controlled.Figure 3 shows that the principle schematic of the control algolithm of apparatus of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. compensation arrangement that is used for the control of electric railway reactive power compensation and the quality of power supply is characterized in that this compensation arrangement comprises:
Two groups of passive filters, be used to the electric railway electric locomotive that reactive power is provided, and the harmonic current more than 7 times and 7 times of filtering electric locomotive generation, two groups of passive filters are connected in parallel on respectively on the supply arm of electric railway, and described passive filter is a second order high pass passive filter;
Two groups respectively by a single-phase inverter or a plurality of single-phase inverter inverter of forming parallel with one another, be used to produce the controlled electric current of amplitude, phase place and frequency, and filtering electric locomotive 3 times and 5 subharmonic currents producing, described single-phase inverter is any one in the single-phase electricity potential source type inverter of two level, three level or many level structure;
Two groups of transformers are used for the electric current that above-mentioned two groups of inverters produce is coupled to the supply arm of electric railway, and the former limit of two groups of transformers is connected in parallel on respectively on two supply arms of electric railway, and secondary links to each other with described inverter;
The public direct-current unit links to each other with above-mentioned two groups of inverters respectively, is used for transmitting active power between above-mentioned two groups of inverters, and provides direct voltage for two groups of inverters.
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Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101145692B (en) * | 2007-08-22 | 2010-09-08 | 北京交通大学 | Drawing network high and second harmonic wave and resonance and transient voltage restraint device |
| CN101396970B (en) * | 2007-09-30 | 2015-05-20 | 南车株洲电力机车有限公司 | Electric locomotive power factor compensation control method and device |
| CN101567565B (en) * | 2009-05-31 | 2013-04-10 | 湖南大学 | System for compensating combined negative sequence current of power regulator and static var compensator |
| CN101817316B (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2012-01-11 | 北京交通大学 | Same-phase traction power supply system of electrified railway |
| CN101872981B (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2012-09-05 | 清华大学 | Electrified railway electric energy quality compensating device |
| CN101917011B (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2012-12-19 | 东南大学 | Power quality comprehensive control method and device for electric railway traction power supply system |
| CN102118027A (en) * | 2011-03-21 | 2011-07-06 | 江苏省电力试验研究院有限公司 | Device used in electrified railway for controlling and compensating electric energy quality |
| CN102280880B (en) * | 2011-08-02 | 2014-08-27 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Electrical energy quality management device of electrified railway with differentiated compensation |
| CN107370152A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-11-21 | 上海广吉电气有限公司 | Railway electric car intelligence active filter |
| CN109217315A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-15 | 中车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司 | The control method and control device of formula traction power supply power supply can be presented |
| CN109510215A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-22 | 陈君诚 | Active passive mixing type reactive power dynamic compensating device |
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