CN100385716C - Cathode material of lithium and its production - Google Patents

Cathode material of lithium and its production Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100385716C
CN100385716C CNB2004100254574A CN200410025457A CN100385716C CN 100385716 C CN100385716 C CN 100385716C CN B2004100254574 A CNB2004100254574 A CN B2004100254574A CN 200410025457 A CN200410025457 A CN 200410025457A CN 100385716 C CN100385716 C CN 100385716C
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aerogel
film
thin film
lithium battery
preparation
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CN1713422A (en
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吴广明
夏长生
张志华
沈军
周斌
倪星元
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Tongji University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The present invention provides a cathode material of a lithium cell and a preparation method. The cathode material of a lithium cell is a V2O5 aerogel thin film, wherein the specific surface area of the V2O5 aerogel thin film is 120 to 280 m<2>/g, and the hole ratio of the V2O5 aerogel thin film is 60 to 90%. In the preparation method, the V2O5 aerogel thin film is used as the cathode material, the sol-gel method is used, and V2O5 powders, benzyl alcohol and isopropanol or isobutanol are used as raw materials; V2O5 sol is prepared through reflux, the film is formed by the spin coating method, the crystal pulling method and the spray coating method, and the V2O5 aerogel thin film is prepared by the method of supercritical drying or solvent substitution in nonpressurized drying. The prepared V2O5 sol has good stability and repeatability, the formed film has a uniform thickness, and the present invention has the advantages of simple operation and low cost. The prepared V2O5 aerogel thin film has a high hole ratio and a large specific surface area; the prepared V2O5 aerogel thin film as the cathode material of a lithium cell has the advantages of good reversible property for the injection /quit of lithium ions, large charging capacity, high energy density, fast ion transmission, etc., and the V2O5 aerogel thin film can be used for charging lithium cells, thin film lithium cells, sensors and other miniature devices.

Description

Cathode materials for lithium battery and preparation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the lithium battery field, be specifically related to V 2O 5Aerogel cathode materials for lithium battery and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Lithium battery develops very rapid in recent two decades, especially discharges and recharges lithium battery and is developed fast and commercialization in the nineties.Because many electronic circuits of industrial use need higher operating voltage, therefore, most of research work mainly concentrates on development and the exploitation of 4V cathode materials for lithium battery.In recent years, along with the develop rapidly of microelectronics industry, new trend has appearred in the commercial Application of lithium battery.A large amount of electronic devices and components such as integrated package CMOS memory etc. require low operating voltage (2～3V), and microdevice, microsensor, integrated circuit and super large-scale integration also need low-work voltage (3V), and the miniature lithium battery that needs exploitation and micro element size to approach.Therefore, the film lithium cell of thickness below 3 μ m is badly in need of development and exploitation.So the development of lithium battery is faced with the challenge of a series of material science and technology, the research in this field is at present quite active.
Traditional cathode materials for lithium battery has lithium and cobalt oxides, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide and spinel-type LiM 2O 4The compound of (transition metal ions such as M=Co, Ni, Mn, V) structure, although these compounds have certain Implantation capacity as cathode materials for lithium battery, its complicated process of preparation, cost height, and Implantation finite capacity.And V 2O 5Material is owing to have layer structure, as cathode materials for lithium battery, has that good reversibility, Implantation amount that lithium ion injects/withdraw from are big, usefulness density height, is easy to the characteristics such as microminiaturization.But the V of traditional structure 2O 5Film is because its low specific area is difficult to realize breakthrough aspect the performance raisings such as lithium ion injection capacity, energy density, charge/discharge invertibity, Implantation/rate of withdraw.
V 2O 5The novel nano porous conductive material that aerogel is a kind of hole ratio height, specific area is big has the characteristics such as porosity is adjustable, nano-porous structure is controlled.Owing to have special nano-porous structure, have many unusual performances, thereby storing huge application potential.The nano-porous structure of this material, not only can make electrolyte osmosis among the aeroge network, and in the nano aperture solid phase skeleton size only in tens nanometer range, can reduce the characteristic length of lithium ion diffusion significantly, improve the ionic diffusion coefficient of film, increase the ion injection capacity and improve battery charging and discharging cycle life.This novel nano porous membrane can greatly improve the performance of lithium battery, thereby is expected to promote high-performance, big capacity, durable quick charge lithium battery and the development and the exploitation of devices such as electrochromic display device (ECD), solid film miniature lithium battery fast of circulation.
Sol-gel process is to form nanoporous V 2O 5The effective ways of film.At present mostly adopt the methods such as organic metal vanadic salts and ion-exchange to prepare the V of this structure 2O 5Film.The alkoxide of vanadium can form nano-pore V comparatively easily by hydrolysis and polycondensation and control colloidal sol component and preparation condition 2O 5Film, but this alkoxide needs import, cost costliness; Adopt vanadate, also can form nano-pore V by ion-exchange 2O 5Film, but technology is comparatively complicated, and remaining metal ion can affect the performance of film, the poor stability of colloidal sol.
The patent of cathode materials for lithium battery and preparation thereof is a lot of at present.The organic solvent that Chinese patent (02149177.1) adopts multiple salt such as lithium salts, cobalt salt, nickel salt and hydroxide obtains nano-scale particle and carbon black by the method for co-precipitation, after Kynoar mixes in proportion, solubilizer is made sheet as cathode materials for lithium battery with casting technique; Chinese patent (01119783.8) adopts and contains the cathode material of the lamellar compound of Li, Ni, Co, Mg, Ti, B and Al as lithium storage batttery; Chinese patent (00110070.X) adopts the transition metal oxide of lithiumation have the R3M structure and to be impregnated with dianion as cathode materials for lithium battery; The granular materials that Chinese patent (97195523.9) will contain the lithium metal oxide core is a cathode materials for lithium battery; Chinese patent (94117559.6) with complex Li-Mn-oxide as cathode materials for lithium battery.Domestic patent not yet finds to adopt V 2O 5The nanoporous aeroge is as cathode materials for lithium battery.
External employing vanadium source is the patent that raw material prepares cathode materials for lithium battery, mainly is with V 2O 5, V 2O 3Or the vanadium oxidate for lithium that generates as additive and lithium salts or the reaction of other transition metal oxides of vanadic salts or other compounds are as cathode materials for lithium battery.Such as European patent (EP0397608) with V 2O 5With Li 2CO 3React the Li that makes through high-temperature fusion 1+xV 3O 8As cathode materials for lithium battery; United States Patent (USP) (US5486346) is with M (NO 3) 2.6H 2O and LiOH, Li 2O, Li 2CO 3Or Li (CH 3COO) Li of reactant aqueous solution preparation xMO 2(wherein M is Ni or Co) particle is with V 2O 3, V 2O 5Or NH 4VO 3At high temperature reaction obtains LiMVO 4As cathode materials for lithium battery; United States Patent (USP) (US6653022) with vanadium oxide nanometer tube as cathode materials for lithium battery.Although abroad more existing researchers are to V 2O 5Film is studied as cathode materials for lithium battery, but these V 2O 5The compact structure of film, porosity is low, non-aeroge structural material, and V 2O 5The preparation of colloidal sol mainly is by vanadium alkoxide hydrolysis, vanadic acid polymerization and V 2O 5The melting cooling method.Also do not find at present V 2O 5The V that aerogel particularly prepares with the method for the invention 2O 5Aerogel is as the patent report of cathode materials for lithium battery.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is take the inorganic vanadium source as raw material, provide a kind of cost lower, easy and simple to handle, harmless, have than high hole rate and specific area, can satisfy have high-performance, the V of big capacity, the durable quick charge lithium battery demand of circulation 2O 5Aerogel cathode materials for lithium battery and preparation method thereof.
A kind of cathode materials for lithium battery, it is V 2O 5Aerogel, its specific area are 120～280m 2/ g, hole ratio are 60～90%.
A kind of preparation method of cathode materials for lithium battery may further comprise the steps,
1) adopts V 2O 5Powder, phenmethylol and isopropyl alcohol or isobutanol prepare V with 1: 1～10: 1～100 mixed in molar ratio 2O 5Colloidal sol,
2) utilize described V 2O 5Colloidal sol prepares V 2O 5Film,
3) dry described V 2O 5Film obtains described cathode materials for lithium battery V 2O 5Aerogel.
Better, described V 2O 5Colloidal sol adopts the sol-gel process preparation, is about to V 2O 5Powder, phenmethylol and isopropyl alcohol or isobutanol are with 1: 1～10: 1～100 mixed in molar ratio, 85 ℃～120 ℃ lower backflows 1～10 hour, adopt then centrifugal action with 100～10000 rev/mins of rotations 10～60 minutes, remove unreacted residual substance, obtain bottle-green opaque V 2O 5Colloidal sol places 20 ℃～100 ℃ baking oven to wear out then 1～20 day, again with 100～10000 rev/mins of centrifugations 10～60 minutes, obtains yellowish green transparent V 2O 5Colloidal sol.
Better, described V 2O 5Film is coated with V by spin-coating method, czochralski method or spraying process at substrate 2O 5Film, described substrate are ITO electro-conductive glass, nickel sheet, Copper Foil or aluminium foil.
Better, described spin-coating method is in the organic solvent atmosphere such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-hexane, to get rid of V with sol evenning machine 2O 5Colloidal sol, precoating and spin coating speed are respectively 100～800r/min and 1000～4000r/min, about 10～60 seconds of time.
Preferable, described czochralski method is, in organic solvent atmosphere such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-hexane, uses the pulling machine plated film, and pull rate is 10～60cm/min.
Preferable, described spraying process is in organic solvent atmosphere such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-hexane, to adopt the spraying plated film.
Better, described V 2O 5The method of aerogel drying is that supercritical drying or solvent are replaced atmosphere pressure desiccation.
Better, described supercritical drying prepares V 2O 5Aerogel is the V that will be coated with 2O 5It is 0 ℃ autoclave that film is put into temperature, and sealing passes into a certain amount of CO 2, then autoclave temp is risen to 42 ℃ by 0 ℃, make the interior pressure of still reach 10～15Mpa, constant temperature and pressure kept 4～10 hours, slowly emitted at last CO 2Gas obtains V 2O 5Aerogel.The V that obtains by supercritical drying 2O 5Aerogel, specific area is big, the hole ratio height.
Better, described solvent is replaced atmosphere pressure desiccation and is prepared V 2O 5Aerogel is with V 2O 5Film is put into acetone successively, and cyclohexane in the hexane solution, soaks respectively 0.5～5 day, and cleans 2～5 times, to remove water, ethanol, the isopropyl alcohol equal solvent in the film hole, at last with film at normal temperatures drying obtain V 2O 5Aerogel is with the V that makes 2O 5Aerogel heat treatment 0.5～2 hour in the atmosphere of atmosphere, water and ammonia mixed vapour improves the intensity of aerogel.The heat treatment process temperature is 50 ℃～600 ℃.The V that obtains by the solvent Shift Method 2O 5Aerogel, cost is low, and process conditions require simple, film mechanical strength height.
The present invention is with V 2O 5Powder, phenmethylol, isopropyl alcohol or isobutanol are raw material, prepare V through back flow reaction 2O 5Film has simple to operately, with low cost, is convenient to the advantage of large-scale production, the colloidal sol good reproducibility of preparation, V 5+The ion concentration height can about 4 ~ 5 week of long-term existence, repeatedly uses the film thickness homogeneous of formation, stable performance.V 2O 5Aerogel is as cathode materials for lithium battery, and lithium ion injects and withdraws from/good reversibility, and charging capacity is big, the energy density height, and the circulation durability is good; The lithium battery that forms is easy to microminiaturization, can be used for the minisize components such as charged lithium cells, film lithium cell, sensor, integrated circuit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the V of the present invention's preparation 2O 5The surface topography of aerogel
Fig. 2 is the V of the present invention's preparation 2O 5The electrochemistry volt-ampere cyclic curve of aerogel
Fig. 3 is the V of the present invention's preparation 2O 5The discharge curve of aerogel
Embodiment
Reach accompanying drawing by the following examples and further specify the present invention and beneficial effect thereof.
A kind of preparation method of cathode materials for lithium battery may further comprise the steps,
One, V 2O 5The preparation of colloidal sol
Adopt sol-gel process to prepare V 2O 5Colloidal sol is with V 2O 5Powder, phenmethylol and isopropyl alcohol or isobutanol 110 ℃ of lower backflows 5 hours, adopt centrifugal action with 3000 rev/mins of rotations 30 minutes with 1: 4: 40 mixed in molar ratio then, remove unreacted residual substance, obtain bottle-green opaque V 2O 5Colloidal sol places 50 ℃ baking oven to wear out then 3 days, again with 3000 rev/mins of centrifugations 20 minutes, obtains yellowish green transparent V 2O 5Colloidal sol.
Two, the preparation of thin-film material
1) substrate is handled
Adopt the ITO electro-conductive glass as substrate, the cleaning step of substrate is: electro-conductive glass is put into the ultrasonic waves for cleaning pond add an amount of neutral detergent, ultrasonic waves for cleaning 20～30 minutes is used the acetone scrub, uses deionized water rinsing at last, and oven dry is with standby.
2) preparation of film
In organic solvent atmosphere such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-hexane, use the sol evenning machine whirl coating, precoating and spin coating speed are respectively 450r/min and 2000r/min, about 25 seconds of time; Or in organic solvent atmosphere such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-hexane, use the pulling machine plated film, pull rate is 15cm/min; Or in organic solvent atmosphere such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-hexane, adopt the spraying process plated film.
Three, dry preparation V 2O 5Aerogel
1) supercritical drying prepares V 2O 5Aerogel will be with the V that is coated with 2O 5It is 0 ℃ autoclave that film is put into temperature, and sealing passes into a certain amount of CO 2Gas rises to 42 ℃ with autoclave temp by 0 ℃ then, makes the interior pressure of still reach 10Mpa, and constant temperature and pressure kept 6 hours, slowly emitted at last CO 2Gas obtains V 2O 5Aerogel.
2) solvent replacement atmosphere pressure desiccation prepares V 2O 5Aerogel will be with the V that is coated with 2O 5Film is put into acetone successively, and cyclohexane in the hexane solution, soaks respectively 3 days, and cleans 4～5 times, to remove the organic solvents such as water in the film hole, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, at last with film at normal temperatures drying obtain V 2O 5Aerogel.With the V that makes 2O 5Aerogel heat treatment 1.5 hours in the atmosphere of atmosphere, water and ammonia mixed vapour.The heat treatment process temperature is 300 ℃.
V 2O 5The aerogel performance test
Through PSIA XE-100 type AFM and standard three-electrode method that Korea S Samsung produces, as auxiliary electrode, saturated calomel electrode (SCE) electrode is coated with V as the reference electrode with platinized platinum 2O 5The ito glass of film is working electrode, to contain 1M/LLiPF 6Ethylene carbonate (EC) and methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) mixed solution (Korea S Samsung provides) be electrolyte, wherein EC: EMC=1: 1, carry out electro-chemical test at the gloves that are full of argon gas in mutually.The V that makes 2O 5The surface topography of aerogel as shown in Figure 1, its electrochemistry volt-ampere cyclic curve as shown in Figure 2, its discharge curve as shown in Figure 3, the V of the inventive method preparation as can be known 2O 5Aerogel has very high hole ratio and specific area, and electrochemistry volt-ampere cycle characteristics is good, and charge/discharge capacity is big, and its injection/withdraw from electric current is 500～700 μ Acm -2μ m -1, charge/discharge capacity is 100～400mAh/g.
Above-described embodiment is only in order to illustrate technological thought of the present invention and characteristics; its purpose is to make those of ordinary skill in the art can understand content of the present invention and implements according to this; the scope of this patent also not only is confined to above-mentioned specific embodiment; be all equal variation or modifications of doing according to disclosed spirit, still be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. cathode materials for lithium battery, it is V 2O 5Aerogel, its specific area are 120～280m 2/ g, porosity is 60～90%.
2. the preparation method of a cathode materials for lithium battery may further comprise the steps,
1) adopts V 2O 5Powder, phenmethylol and isopropyl alcohol or isobutanol prepare V with 1: 1～10: 1～100 mixed in molar ratio 2O 5Colloidal sol adopts the sol-gel process preparation, and it is little to be about to V 2O 5Powder, phenmethylol and isopropyl alcohol or isobutanol mix in molar ratio, 85 ℃～120 ℃ lower backflows 1～10 hour, adopt then centrifugal action with 100～10000 rev/mins of rotations 10～60 minutes, remove unreacted residual substance, obtain bottle-green opaque V 2O 5Colloidal sol places 20 ℃～100 ℃ baking oven to wear out then 1～20 day, again with 100～10000 rev/mins of centrifugations 10～60 minutes, obtains yellowish green transparent V 2O 5Colloidal sol;
2) utilize described V 2O 5Colloidal sol prepares V 2O 5Film, V 2O 5Film is coated with V by spin-coating method, czochralski method or spraying process at substrate 2O 5Film, described substrate are ITO electro-conductive glass, nickel sheet, Copper Foil or aluminium foil, and said spin-coating method is in the organic solvent atmosphere such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-hexane, to get rid of V with sol evenning machine 2O 5Colloidal sol, precoating and spin coating speed are respectively 100～800r/min and 1000～4000r/min, 10～60 seconds time; Said czochralski method is, in the organic solvent atmosphere such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-hexane, uses the pulling machine plated film, and pull rate is 10～60cm/min; Described spraying process is in the organic solvent atmosphere such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-hexane, to adopt the spraying plated film;
3) dry described V 2O 5Film obtains described cathode materials for lithium battery V 2O 5Aerogel.
3. the preparation method of cathode materials for lithium battery according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described V 2O 5The method of aerogel drying is supercritical drying, the V that soon has been coated with 2O 5It is 0 ℃ autoclave that film is put into temperature, and sealing passes into a certain amount of CO 2, then autoclave temp is risen to 42 ℃ by 0 ℃, make the interior pressure of still reach 10～15Mpa, constant temperature and pressure kept 4～10 hours, slowly emitted at last CO 2Gas obtains V 2O 5Aerogel.
4. the preparation method of cathode materials for lithium battery according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described preparation V 2O 5The method of aerogel drying is that solvent is replaced atmosphere pressure desiccation, is about to V 2O 5Film is put into acetone successively, and cyclohexane in the hexane solution, soaks respectively 0.5～5 day, and cleans 2～5 times, to remove water, ethanol, the isopropyl alcohol equal solvent in the film hole, at last with film at normal temperatures drying obtain V 2O 5Aerogel is with the V that makes 2O 5Aerogel heat treatment 0.5～2 hour in the atmosphere of atmosphere, water and ammonia mixed vapour improves the intensity of aerogel, and heat treatment temperature is 50 ℃～600 ℃.
CNB2004100254574A 2004-06-24 2004-06-24 Cathode material of lithium and its production Expired - Fee Related CN100385716C (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100377395C (en) * 2006-01-19 2008-03-26 同济大学 Nano composite lithium ion cell cathode material and its preparing method
CN102244255B (en) * 2011-05-26 2013-07-17 同济大学 Novel cathode material of vanadium oxide nanometer lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof
CN105384191B (en) * 2015-10-08 2016-11-30 同济大学 A kind of vanadium pentoxide nanometer material of hexagonal plate and its preparation method and application
CN109111662B (en) * 2017-06-22 2020-07-10 华中科技大学 Preparation method of carbon material conductive film
KR20210100526A (en) * 2018-12-18 2021-08-17 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery, positive electrode including same, and lithium secondary battery including same
CN113621845A (en) * 2021-10-12 2021-11-09 江苏复源芥子空间新材料研究院有限公司 Porous copper-doped vanadium oxide electrode material and preparation method thereof

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6013391A (en) * 1995-06-02 2000-01-11 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota High capacity high rate materials
CN1369435A (en) * 2002-03-22 2002-09-18 清华大学 Process for preparing spherical V2O3 and lithium vanadate as anode material of Li-ion battery

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6013391A (en) * 1995-06-02 2000-01-11 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota High capacity high rate materials
CN1369435A (en) * 2002-03-22 2002-09-18 清华大学 Process for preparing spherical V2O3 and lithium vanadate as anode material of Li-ion battery

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