CN100336766C - Sensitive concrete - Google Patents
Sensitive concrete Download PDFInfo
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- CN100336766C CN100336766C CNB2005100572270A CN200510057227A CN100336766C CN 100336766 C CN100336766 C CN 100336766C CN B2005100572270 A CNB2005100572270 A CN B2005100572270A CN 200510057227 A CN200510057227 A CN 200510057227A CN 100336766 C CN100336766 C CN 100336766C
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- sensitive concrete
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The present invention relates to sensitive concrete, particularly to sensitive concrete materials. The present invention is composed of 15% to 55% of silicate cement, 30% to 70% of steel slag, 1% to 20% of fly ash and 7% to 30% of water according to weight percentage of mixing proportion. A manufacturing method and a maintaining technology are the same as those of common concrete and are adopted to manufacture the sensitive concrete materials into sensitive concrete test blocks which are used for monitoring and are buried in a monitored concrete engineering structure or to manufacture the sensitive concrete materials into the sensitive concrete engineering structure. The present invention has the characteristics of simple composition, good stress sensitivity, high mechanical strength, low manufacturing cost, waste utilization, environmental protection benefit, simple manufacturing technology, convenient popularization and application, etc. The sensitive concrete of the present invention is widely used in the fields of roads, bridges, industrial and civil architecture, large water conservancy dams, nuclear power stations, etc., lossless monitoring performance is good, and the sensitive concrete materials ensure safe use, prolong the service life and are economical and practical.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the concrete technology field, particularly the sensitive concrete material technology.
Background technology
Concrete is because of having intensity height, strong, the good endurance of supporting capacity, and its starting material (as cement, water, aggregate etc.) are cheap and easy to get, are easy to be shaped to the characteristics such as member of full range of sizes and shape again, are the most popular material of construction of field of civil engineering.But, the concrete works structure is because the structure build is huge, structured material is coarse, under the effect of various loads and accidentalia, can produce stress and distortion in the use, excessive stress and distortion will make the concrete works structure produce damage even destroy, and bring tremendous loss for national wealth and people's life safety.Particularly to numerous large-scale civil engineering structures, as high-rise buildings, long span house and bridge, water conservancy dam, Nuclear power plants etc., in case destroy, its consequence is hardly imaginable.Therefore, the concrete works structure being carried out non-destructive monitoring, is the problem of various countries' engineering circle special concern.Especially real-time online self diagnosis and monitoring are certainly carried out in internal stress, distortion and the crack etc. of the concrete works structure of great civil engineering work, so that in time scent a hidden danger, in time take measures to remedy, avoid the concrete works structure that catastrophic failure in use takes place, have crucial meaning.
At present, to the concrete works structure carry out internal stress, distortion and crack self diagnosis and certainly the monitoring method, mainly be in the concrete works structure, to bury alert and resourceful concrete sample underground, the concrete works structure carried out the real time on-line nondestructive monitoring by the sensitive concrete test specimen.Existing sensitive concrete has two classes at present: a class is the extrinsic type sensitive concrete, and pre-buried sensor such as optical fiber, piezoelectric ceramics etc. are monitored in the concrete works structure usually.But, the inside of concrete works structure pre-buried sensor exist such as transmitter and concrete interface compatibility, transmitter in concrete weather resistance and cause that because of burying transmitter underground stress concentration reduces the defectives such as mechanical property of concrete works structure.Another kind of is the eigenmode sensitive concrete, mainly is to rely on the component of sensitive concrete material or the signal of structural changes generation to carry out the diagnosis of the alert and resourceful characteristic of sensitive concrete, thereby realizes the non-destructive monitoring to the concrete works structure.For example, existing eigenmode sensitive concrete is mainly the carbon fiber sensitive concrete, be in normal concrete, to mix chopped carbon fiber, make the carbon fiber sensitive concrete test block of monitoring usefulness, be embedded in the concrete works structure, because the chopped carbon fiber in the test block is an electrical conductor, and normal concrete is the poor conductor of electricity, so test block has certain resistivity, by testing the Changing Pattern of its stress and resistivity, just can monitor STRESS VARIATION, strain conditions and the fatigue damage of concrete works inside configuration.But carbon fiber costs an arm and a leg and be difficult to homodisperse in concrete, so measuring stability and susceptibility are poor, the variation of its resistivity has only about 20%; And when the chopped carbon fiber volume is big, will significantly reduce the intensity of concrete works structure.Therefore, in actual engineering, be difficult to apply.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is weak point at existing eigenmode sensitive concrete, a kind of sensitive concrete newly is provided, have good stress sensitivity, higher mechanical strength, characteristics such as cheap, economical and practical, manufacturing process is simple, easy to utilize, be to guarantee that the concrete works structural safety uses, improve work-ing life, ideal nondestructive testing concrete.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of sensitive concrete is made up of silicate cement, electro-conductive material and water, its electro-conductive material is wide material sources and cheap industrial solid castoff---slag and flyash, slag are particulate state slags after treatment.Sensitive concrete of the present invention cooperates the weight percent of ratio to be:
Flyash 1%～20%
Water 7%～30%.
Wherein: the weight percent of ferriferous oxide content is 20%～30% in the steel slag particle, and the weight percent of ferriferous oxide content is 10%～20% in the flyash.
With sensitive concrete component of the present invention, when moulding or construction, adopt making method and the maintaining process identical with normal concrete, be made into the sensitive concrete test block of monitoring usefulness, be embedded in the monitored concrete works structure, or make the sensitive concrete engineering structure, manufacturing process is simple.
Slag in the sensitive concrete component of the present invention is the waste residue that produces in the steelmaking process, is a kind of sosoloid of being made up of multi mineral, is particulate state after treatment.Flyash is a kind of solid waste of coal-burning power plant's discharging.The oxide compound that contains a large amount of iron in slag and flyash has certain electroconductibility.Be embedded in the sensitive concrete test block in the concrete works structure, externally under the effect of compression load, its inside will produce stress and distortion, being distributed in slag in the sensitive concrete test block and the distance between the flyash conductive particle reduces, cause the resistance of sensitive concrete test block to reduce, its resistivity reduces, and the reduction amplitude is bigger; When sensitive concrete test block pressurized produced microfracture, stress reduced the resistance of sensitive concrete on the one hand, and microfracture increases its resistance on the other hand, changed generally not quite in the resistivity of this stage sensitive concrete test block; When sensitive concrete test block compression damage, the inner a large amount of cracks that produce of sensitive concrete increase its resistance rapidly, and resistivity significantly raises.Therefore, the resistivity of sensitive concrete of the present invention produces variation clocklike with the size of impressed pressure, and the external stressed susceptibility of sensitive concrete of the present invention is better, so the resistivity by testing alert and resourceful concrete test block can be carried out from monitoring and self diagnosis healthy state such as variation, strain conditions and the crack of concrete works inside configuration stress, destructions.In addition, the chemical constitution of slag is similar to common rubble, steel-slag performance after the ageing, characteristics such as have that ultimate compression strength height, hardness are big, abrasion performance, water-intake rate are low, its physical and mechanical property near in addition be better than common rubble, therefore slag is again a kind of aggregate of good mechanical performance, and the sensitive concrete that the present invention is developed has good physical and mechanical property.Simultaneously, slag and flyash is as trade waste, wide material sources, and price is very cheap, and the shared ratio of slag, flyash is big in sensitive concrete, thereby the cost of sensitive concrete is reduced greatly.The steel slag particle after treatment that slag adopts steelworks to discharge has susceptibility preferably for making the sensitive concrete counter stress, and the weight percent of ferriferous oxide content is 20%～30% in the steel slag particle.According to the mechanism of production of concrete alertness, when the distance between the conductive particle was near more in the concrete, the concrete counter stress was responsive more, and under identical stress, the rangeability of concrete resistivity is big more.Therefore, in concrete, add an amount of ferriferous oxide content height and the thin flyash of particle, will enlarge markedly the susceptibility of concrete counter stress.Simultaneously, flyash mixes in the concrete as adulterant, when volume is moderate, helps the improvement of concrete physical and mechanical property.The weight percent of ferriferous oxide content is 10%～20% in the flyash.
After the present invention adopts technique scheme, mainly contain following characteristics:
1, have good stress sensitivity and higher mechanical strength, the non-destructive monitoring performance is good.
The present invention is aggregate with the slag, and flyash is that the sensitive concrete of adulterant preparation has higher mechanical strength; Simultaneously, slag in the sensitive concrete of the present invention and flyash contain a large amount of ferriferous oxides, concrete resistivity is produced under stress clocklike change, and counter stress is very responsive, thereby make the concrete non-destructive monitoring performance of the present invention good.
2, cheap, utilization of waste material, be beneficial to environmental protection.
Because the slag in the sensitive concrete of the present invention is the waste residue of steel-making enterprise discharging, flyash is the solid waste of coal-burning power plant's discharging, cheaply is easy to get again.The present invention adopts slag and flyash preparation sensitive concrete, is utilization of waste material, helps environment protection; Make sensitive concrete cheap, economical and practical again.
3, manufacture craft is simple, and is easy to utilize.
Because sensitive concrete of the present invention adopts making method and the maintaining process identical with normal concrete when moulding and construction, its manufacture craft is simple, and is easy to utilize.
Sensitive concrete of the present invention can be widely used in road, bridge, industry and the fields such as covil construction, water conservancy dam and Nuclear power plants, and the non-destructive monitoring performance is good, is to guarantee its safe handling, raising work-ing life and economical and practical sensitive concrete material.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 should square relation curve for sensitive concrete resistivity of the present invention and outer pressurization.
Among the figure: sensitive concrete cooperates the weight percent of ratio to be: silicate cement 15.1%, slag 69.9%, flyash 6.0%, water 9.0%.The weight percent of ferriferous oxide content is 26.4% in its steel slag particle, and the weight percent of ferriferous oxide content is 12.7% in the flyash.Adopt making method and the maintaining process identical with normal concrete, be made into the rectangular parallelepiped sensitive concrete test block of 40mm * 40mm * 160mm, maintenance is exerted pressure to the sensitive concrete test block of making to 28d after the length of time, record the resistance of this test block, and calculate its resistivity.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further specify the present invention.
The sensitive concrete of embodiment 1～3 is made up of silicate cement, slag, flyash and water.Its slag is a steel slag particle that steelworks discharges, after the wind method of quenching is handled, and the weight percent of ferriferous oxide content is 26.4% in the steel slag particle.Its flyash is the solid waste of coal-burning power plant's discharging, and the weight percent of ferriferous oxide content is 12.7% in the flyash.After the sensitive concrete of embodiment 1～3 cooperates by separately component ratio, adopt making method and the maintaining process identical with normal concrete, be made into the rectangular parallelepiped sensitive concrete test block of 40mm * 40mm * 160mm respectively, maintenance is to 28d after the length of time, test its sensitive concrete test block and add resistance under the action of compressive stress, and calculate its resistivity and resistivity reduces percentage ratio in difference.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of weight percent of cooperation ratio of sensitive concrete is: silicate cement 15.1%, slag 69.9%, flyash 6.0%, water 9.0%.The sensitive concrete test block of making is exerted pressure, record the resistance of this test block, and calculate its resistivity as shown in Figure 1 with the Changing Pattern of applied stress.
As can be seen from Figure 1, it is less to add stress outside, and when sensitive concrete did not ftracture, the resistivity of sensitive concrete test block reduced with the increase of applied stress, and it is bigger that resistivity reduces amplitude, and counter stress changes very responsive, as curve ab section; After microfracture appearred in sensitive concrete, the sensitive concrete test block was adding under the stress, and the amplitude that its resistivity reduces reduces, as curve bc section; When sensitive concrete took place to destroy, the resistivity of sensitive concrete test block increased rapidly, as curve cd section.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of weight percent of cooperation ratio of sensitive concrete is: silicate cement 42.5%, slag 43.5%, flyash 1.5%, water 12.5%.The sensitive concrete test block of making is applied pressure to 25MPa, records the resistance of this sensitive concrete test block, and calculate its resistivity and resistivity and reduce Changing Pattern such as the following table of percentage ratio with applied stress:
| Stress (MPa) | 0.0 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 15.0 | 20.0 | 25.0 |
| Resistivity (kOcm) | 8.30 | 7.95 | 7.59 | 7.11 | 6.97 | 6.93 |
| Resistivity reduces percentage ratio (%) | 0.0 | 4.2 | 8.6 | 14.3 | 16.0 | 16.5 |
Embodiment 3:
A kind of weight percent of cooperation ratio of sensitive concrete is: silicate cement 21.9%, slag 67.3%, flyash 1.5%, water 9.3%.The sensitive concrete test block of making is applied pressure to 25MPa, records the resistance of this sensitive concrete test block, and calculate its resistivity and resistivity and reduce Changing Pattern such as the following table of percentage ratio with applied stress:
| Stress (MPa) | 0.0 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 15.0 | 20.0 | 25.0 |
| Resistivity (kOcm) | 6.20 | 5.55 | 5.33 | 5.02 | 4.71 | 4.65 |
| Resistivity reduces percentage ratio (%) | 0.0 | 10.5 | 14.0 | 19.0 | 24.0 | 25.0 |
From embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 as can be known: the resistivity of sensitive concrete of the present invention with the Changing Pattern of applied stress is: applied stress increases, and resistivity reduces; Applied stress reduces, and resistivity increases; Applied stress is big more, and it is big more that resistivity reduces percentage ratio; Increase with steel slag content, under identical applied stress effect, it is big more that resistivity reduces percentage ratio.
The sensitive concrete of embodiment 4～8 is made up of silicate cement, slag, flyash and water.Its slag is a steel slag particle that steelworks discharges, after the wind method of quenching is handled, and the weight percent of ferriferous oxide content is 26.4% in the steel slag particle.Its flyash is the solid waste of coal-burning power plant's discharging, and the weight percent of ferriferous oxide content is 18.0% in the flyash.After the sensitive concrete of embodiment 4～8 cooperates by separately component ratio, adopt making method and the maintaining process identical with normal concrete, be made into the rectangular parallelepiped sensitive concrete test block of 40mm * 40mm * 160mm respectively, maintenance is to 28d after the length of time, be forced into 30MPa, the resistance of the sensitive concrete test block of difference test implementation example 4～8, and calculate its resistivity and resistivity reduction percentage ratio such as following table:
| Embodiment | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
| The weight percent of cooperation ratio (%) | Silicate cement | 43.0 | 41.3 | 39.4 | 37.5 | 35.7 |
| Slag | 43.0 | 41.3 | 39.4 | 37.5 | 35.7 | |
| Flyash | 1.0 | 4.1 | 7.8 | 11.2 | 14.3 | |
| Water | 13.0 | 13.3 | 13.4 | 13.8 | 14.3 | |
| Under the 30MPa stress, resistivity reduces percentage ratio (%) | 17.8 | 19.8 | 25.7 | 31.5 | 36.1 | |
As can be known from the above table: in sensitive concrete of the present invention, along with the increase of doping quantity of fly ash, under identical stress, the resistivity decreased amplitude of sensitive concrete is big more, and the percentage ratio that resistivity reduces is big more.When the weight percent of silicate cement is 35.7%, the weight percent of slag is 35.7%, the weight percent of flyash is 14.3%, the weight percent of water is 14.3% o'clock, under the 30MPa stress, the resistivity of sensitive concrete of the present invention has reduced by 36.1%, is higher than 20% of carbon fiber sensitive concrete, and susceptibility is good.This illustrates that sensitive concrete counter stress of the present invention is very sensitive.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of sensitive concrete, form by silicate cement, electro-conductive material and water, it is characterized in that its electro-conductive material is slag and flyash, the component of sensitive concrete and weight percent are: silicate cement 15%～55%, slag 30%～70%, flyash 1%～20%, water 7%～30%, wherein the weight percent of ferriferous oxide content is 20%～30% in the slag, and the weight percent of ferriferous oxide content is 10%～20% in the flyash.
2, a kind of sensitive concrete according to claim 1, it is characterized in that a kind of sensitive concrete is made up of silicate cement, slag, flyash and water, the weight percent of ferriferous oxide content is 26.4% in its slag, the weight percent of ferriferous oxide content is 12.7% in the flyash, the component of sensitive concrete and weight percent are: silicate cement 15.1%, slag 69.9%, flyash 6.0%, water 9.0%; Perhaps silicate cement 42.5%, slag 43.5%, flyash 1.5%, water 12.5%; Perhaps silicate cement 21.9%, slag 67.3%, flyash 1.5%, water 9.3%.
3, a kind of sensitive concrete according to claim 1, it is characterized in that a kind of sensitive concrete is made up of silicate cement, slag, flyash and water, the weight percent of ferriferous oxide content is 26.4% in its slag, the weight percent of ferriferous oxide content is 18.0% in the flyash, the component of sensitive concrete and weight percent are: silicate cement 43.0%, slag 43.0%, flyash 1.0%, water 13.0%; Perhaps silicate cement 41.3%, slag 41.3%, flyash 4.1%, water 13.3%; Perhaps silicate cement 39.4%, slag 39.4%, flyash 7.8%, water 13.4%; Perhaps silicate cement 37.5%, slag 37.5%, flyash 11.2%, water 13.8%; Perhaps silicate cement 35.7%, slag 35.7%, flyash 14.3%, water 14.3%.
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| CNB2005100572270A CN100336766C (en) | 2005-08-17 | 2005-08-17 | Sensitive concrete |
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| CNB2005100572270A CN100336766C (en) | 2005-08-17 | 2005-08-17 | Sensitive concrete |
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| CN100336766C true CN100336766C (en) | 2007-09-12 |
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| CN101456705B (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2012-10-03 | 马鞍山市国林建材有限公司 | Hydraulic bag concrete using industrial solid wastes |
| CN101525224B (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2012-07-04 | 重庆大学 | High iron pulverized ash cement-based composite wave-absorbing material applied to buildings and preparation method thereof |
| CN103896533B (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2016-09-14 | 南华大学 | A kind of piezochromism concrete and preparation method thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1400190A (en) * | 2001-08-07 | 2003-03-05 | 张建民 | Environment protection concrete |
| CN1484027A (en) * | 2002-09-16 | 2004-03-24 | 欧进萍 | Clever concrete sensor component |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1400190A (en) * | 2001-08-07 | 2003-03-05 | 张建民 | Environment protection concrete |
| CN1484027A (en) * | 2002-09-16 | 2004-03-24 | 欧进萍 | Clever concrete sensor component |
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