CN110304883A - A kind of protofibre cement-base composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of protofibre cement-base composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110304883A CN110304883A CN201910715746.3A CN201910715746A CN110304883A CN 110304883 A CN110304883 A CN 110304883A CN 201910715746 A CN201910715746 A CN 201910715746A CN 110304883 A CN110304883 A CN 110304883A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of protofibre cement-base composite materials and preparation method thereof, are related to the field of building materials.The protofibre cement-base composite material is with water 280-300kg/m3, cement 310-330kg/m3, fine sand 680-700kg/m3, flyash 680-700kg/m3, protofibre 24-28kg/m3, water-reducing agent 10-15kg/m3, adhesive 0.15-0.18kg/m3It is made.The present invention is using the PVA fiber etc. in protofibre substitution Traditional project cement-base composite material, the production cost of cement-base composite material can be substantially reduced, and the resistance to compression of gained protofibre cement-base composite material, tensile strength respectively reach 40-50Mpa, 4-5Mpa, and there is strain-hardening capacity and superpower toughness, and the characteristics of multiple crack growth, the requirement of specific engineer application can be met.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to building material technical fields, and in particular to a kind of protofibre cement-base composite material and its preparation
Method.
Background technique
Concrete is the construction material that dosage is maximum in modern society's engineering construction, application range is most wide.Although concrete
, the draw materials series of advantages such as simple, inexpensive, applied widely high with compression strength, but its tensile strength is low, easy to crack
And brittleness it is big the disadvantages of often can not ignore.Studies have shown that the tensile pressure ratio of concrete is only 1/10-1/7, and pole when tension
Limit elongation percentage only has 0.01%-0.06%, therefore shows apparent Brittleness when its destruction.The cracking of concrete will lead to outer
The intrusion of hazardous medium in portion's environment, thus a series of problems, such as generating structural-load-carrying capacity decline, internal material aging, finally
It causes component or structural mechanical property is degenerated and durability damage, seriously reduce the service life of concrete structure.
Currently, world's every country rapid economic development, annual developed country is because of destroying concrete structure and internal reinforcing bar
Corrosion and caused by economic loss have become the heavy burden that government is difficult to bear, China is no exception.According to U.S.'s building work
Teachers learn (ASCE) report title the whole America, which is only paid in the year of bridge reparation, has increased to 9,000,000,000 dollars, and thus indirectly caused
Economic loss is then more than 54,000,000,000 dollars.In addition, 11 armored concrete overpass on England, UK island, build from originally
It is accomplished between 15 years in 1989, is 1.6 times of cost only because expense consumed by its maintenance is as high as 4500 pounds,
Future estimation still can consume a large amount of expense and be safeguarded.In Japan and South Korea, annual taking for building maintenance repairing
With also quickly will being more than to be used for the investment of new construction.All reflect above as Durability of Concrete and caused by economy damage
Lose the expectation for having exceeded people significantly.In recent years, China has carried out large-scale infrastructure construction, has created and has largely lived
The concrete structures such as residence, market, harbour, highway.According to the engineering experience of some developed country's many years, following China will
Even remove and rebuild stage for increasing rapidly into building reparation, and heavy maintenance and reconstruction will consume it is huge
Man power and material, this will be Chinese national economy and develops the unprecedented challenge encountered.Therefore, in existing technology and
Under economic level, in order to control the functional requirement and related specifications standard that the crack of concrete meets component, guarantee concrete knot
Structure has preferable durability, reliability, and it is very necessary for selecting good toughness, construction material environmentally protective, that durability is good.
The disadvantages mentioned above of concrete material is essential, it is impossible to be solved by the improvement of material itself, therefore mesh
Preceding main use " Composite " technical thought is improved and is improved to the performance of cement-based material.According to the thinking, state, the U.S.
Material consultative committee, family (NMAB) proposed this concept of cement-base composite material in 1980, it is using cement material as base
A series of composite materials of material.And when using fiber as reinforcing material, then there is the general of fiber reinforced cement-based composite material
It reads, is that substrate is done with cement paste, cement mortar or concrete, enhanced with discrete staple fiber or continuous long fibre work
The composite material that body is combined into.Fiber be added in cement matrix can play the role of resistance split, enhance, toughening etc. three it is big, made at present
Belong to this scope with more fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) and high-performance fiber enhancing concrete (HPFRC).Traditional fibre
Tie up concrete (FRC) such as steel fiber reinforced cement based composites, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites and glass fibre
Enhancing cement-base composite material etc. is that substrate is done with concrete, the composite material that fiber is combined into as reinforcement, although energy
The tensile strength, deformability and resistance to dynamic load performance for greatly improving concrete, also can be real under stretching (bending) load action
Existing the strain-hardening behavior, but the fibers content that these materials need is high, and processing and forming technology requires height, and construction cost is difficult to control
System, and fracture width is not easy to control under load action, and often shows strain softening under uniaxial direct tensile load action
Characteristic, while showing high tenacity, often using wider harmful cracks as cost.These significantly limit FRC in engineering
Popularization and application.
Ability is split in order to further increase toughness and the resistance of concrete, is occurred with Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC), mortar
Mix pour steel fiber reinforced concrete (SIFCON), that mortar pours the early stage high-performance that steel fibre net concrete (SIMCON) etc. is representative is fine
Dimension enhancing cement-base composite material (HPFRCC).Different from traditional FRC, naked eyes energy can occur in stretching process in this kind of material
The strain-hardening behavior and many cracks cracking phenomena enough observed have high tenacity and very strong energy absorption capability.But it is early
Phase HPFRCC needs fibers content high, and high microsteping volume improves project cost, and high microsteping volume causes that difficulty of construction is big,
Difficulty etc. is produced, these factors constrain extensive application of the HPFRCC material in engineering.For this purpose, some scholars are in traditional fibre
It is made improvements on the basis of concrete (FRC) and High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement-based Composites (HPFRCC), Shaanxi science and technology is big
It learns professor Lv Shenghua and proposes " a kind of cracking resistance seam impermeabilisation high durability concrete and preparation method thereof " (CN
109293303A), the concrete is by cement, silicon powder, boron nitride powder, sand, vinal, rubble, flyash, gangue
Powder, phosphorus slag powder, water-reducing agent, dispersion exciting agent, modified graphene oxide dispersion liquid and water are prepared；Meanwhile University of Fuzhou Yuan
Brightness proposes " a kind of high-performance environment-friendly concrete and preparation method thereof " (CN 108675748A), which includes artificial bone
Modification liquid, modified lignin resin fiber, dicyclopentadiene is concentrated in material, active powder, aluminum sulfate salt cement, natural sand, black liquid
Modified unsaturation poly-vinegar, medical stone powder, potassium water glass, nanocomposite filler, SiO2Aeroge, water-reducing agent, modified intercalator, resistance
Fire agent, sodium acetate and water.Compared to conventional cement based composites, the maximum crack of such patent is reduced, still, because
The presence of rubble, maximum crack width still above 500mm, meanwhile, used vinal, modified lignin resin are fine
The price of dimension is still higher, can not effectively achieve the effect that reduce cost, and its cement consumption is also still higher, in addition, such patent
Prepared material still falls within concrete scope, and concrete is fragile material, poor toughness, tensile strength and bond strength compared with
It is low, elasticity modulus is high and deformability is poor.
Above it is found that prospective material must satisfy high security, high-durability, high-environmental and good economy,
It can establish oneself in an unassailable position in building structural materials.For the brittleness and strain softening feature for overcoming concrete material, people start
There is the cement-based material of strain hardening characteristic by microcosmic, mesomechanics means research, wherein engineered cementitious based composites
(ECC) it is a kind of fiber reinforced cement-based composite material with high ductility, high tenacity and multiple crack growth feature, meets sustainable
Development society is to infrastructure construction high security and high endurance requirement.ECC is taught by the Li of Univ Michigan-Ann Arbor USA earliest
The Basic Design theory of the material is proposed according to mesomechanics and fracture mechanics basic principle Deng in early 1990s.
ECC material closes the quartz sand of material and partial size no more than 150 μm using cement, mineral as matrix disastrously, coarse aggregate is free of, with short fibre
Dimension is used as reinforcing material.The ultimate tensile strength that direct tensile test obtains in the case where fiber volume milliosmolarity is not more than 2% is reachable
3% or more, and minute crack of many width less than 50 μm is formed in drawing process.ECC and traditional fibre concrete (FRC) and height
Performance fibers enhancing cement-base composite material (HPFRCC) main distinction first is that material each component composition is based on mesomechanics
Design, ECC are to be consequently belonging to cement scope using cement mortar as matrix due to being free of coarse aggregate in ingredient.Currently, both at home and abroad
Fiber applied to ECC is concentrated mainly on the synthetic fibers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polypropylene (PP), adds the ECC of synthetic fibers
The disadvantages of conventional concrete material is easy to crack, brittleness is big can be overcome, improve the durability and ductility of structure, but the synthetic fibers
Production can cause environmental pollution and at high cost, do not meet the sustainable development requirement of green energy conservation.Protofibre conduct
A kind of reproducible organic fiber in nature, has many advantages, such as resourceful, cheap.Therefore, selection protofibre is used
Energy consumption can be significantly reduced in enhancing cement-based material, and will not influence human health, is modern society's sustainable development
Inevitable requirement.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of protofibre cement-base composite material and preparation method thereof, the water
Cement-based composite material has high ductility, high cracking resistance and high-durability, is suitable under complicated environmental condition with common high-performance coagulation
Soil is the various engineerings and building of design requirement.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of protofibre cement-base composite material, raw materials used and its dosage include: water 280-300kg/m3, cement 310-
330kg/m3, fine sand 680-700kg/m3, flyash 680-700kg/m3, protofibre 24-28kg/m3, water-reducing agent 10-15kg/
m3, adhesive 0.15-0.18kg/m3。
Wherein, the ordinary portland cement that the cement is 42.5 grades of intensity.
The gradation of the fine sand are as follows: the square hole screen having a size of 1.18mm, fine sand percent of pass are 100%；Having a size of 0.6mm's
Square hole screen, fine sand percent of pass are 44.6%；Square hole screen having a size of 0.3mm, fine sand percent of pass are 10.8%；Having a size of 0.15mm's
Square hole screen, fine sand percent of pass are 0%.
The flyash uses I grade of flyash, and 45 μm of screen over-sizes are not more than 12%, and water demand ratio is not more than 95%, mainly
Active chemical components are SiO2With Al2O3, generation gelled product can be reacted with the aluminium hydroxide of hydrated cementitious generation, is played closely knit
The effect of fill concrete.
The diameter of the protofibre is 30 ~ 40 μm, and length is 10 ~ 20mm, and elasticity modulus is 15 ~ 30GPa, and elongation percentage is
6 ~ 8% comprising ramee, flax fiber, sisal fiber, apocynum fibre, any one or a few in cotton fiber.
The water-reducing agent is polycarboxylate water-reducer, and water-reducing rate is greater than 20%, and effect is made by Surface Physical Chemistry effect
Cement granules dispersion, mobility, reduction water consumption so as to improve matrix.
Described adhesive is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and effect is to improve cement-sand dispersibility, significantly improves sand
The plasticity and water-retaining property of slurry, it is effective to crackle is prevented, strength of cement can be enhanced.
The preparation method of the protofibre cement-base composite material the following steps are included:
Step 1: successively put into blender cement, flyash and and fine sand, stir 2min in advance；
Step 2: and then it is uniformly spilled into adhesive while stirring, stirs 5min(adhesive because jelly can be swelled into cold water,
There is clustering phenomena in the cellulose in matrix cement mortar in order to prevent, adds water after generalling use first dry mixing)；
Step 3: being gradually added into water and water-reducing agent, stirring is until generate uniform mixture；
Step 4: being gradually added into protofibre again and continues to mix 3min, until fiber is evenly dispersed；
Step 5: mixed mortar made from step 4 being poured into mold, is vibrated, demoulds simultaneously standard curing 28 days, obtains afterwards for 24 hours
To the protofibre cement-base composite material.
For the prior art, advantages of the present invention is as follows:
First, bridge linking effect is played using protofibre fibre for replacing steel, PVA fiber etc. in the proportion of the cement-base composite material,
The cost of cement-base composite material can be substantially reduced；
Second, the characteristics of protofibre cement-base composite material of the present invention shows multiple crack growth, the first crack of material starts
It can't be only gradually expanded as common coagulation after generation until running through, but crack quantity is increasing, the width in crack
Without growth, for the multiple spot cracking fracture width of saturation state less than 50 μm, excellent Crack Control ability is highly beneficial
In the requirement of concrete works fracture width control；
Third, protofibre cement-base composite material of the present invention have unique strain-hardening capacity and superpower toughness, draw
Strain value is greater than 3%, changed dramatically the Brittleness of conventional cement concrete, can overcome many defects caused by material fragility；
4th, the compression strength of the cement-base composite material reaches 40-50Mpa, and tensile strength reaches 4-5Mpa, mechanical property
Well, meet the requirement of specific engineer application.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the multiple crack growth figure that protofibre cement-base composite material of the present invention shows.
Specific embodiment
In order to make content of the present invention easily facilitate understanding, With reference to embodiment to of the present invention
Technical solution is described further, but the present invention is not limited only to this.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of protofibre cement-base composite material, composition of raw materials are as follows: water 280kg/m3, 42.5 grades of ordinary portland cements
310kg/m3, fine sand 680kg/m3, flyash 680kg/m3, ramee 24kg/m3, polycarboxylate water-reducer 10kg/m3, adhesive
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 0.15kg/m3。
Embodiment 2
A kind of protofibre cement-base composite material, composition of raw materials are as follows: water 290kg/m3, 42.5 grades of ordinary portland cements
320kg/m3, fine sand 690kg/m3, flyash 690kg/m3, flax fiber 26kg/m3, polycarboxylate water-reducer 12kg/m3, adhesive
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 0.16kg/m3。
Embodiment 3
A kind of protofibre cement-base composite material, composition of raw materials are as follows: water 280kg/m3, 42.5 grades of ordinary portland cements
310kg/m3, fine sand 680kg/m3, flyash 700kg/m3, apocynum fibre 28kg/m3, polycarboxylate water-reducer 15kg/m3, bonding
Agent hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 0.18kg/m3。
The gradation of above-mentioned fine sand used are as follows: the square hole screen having a size of 1.18mm, fine sand percent of pass are 100%；Having a size of
The square hole screen of 0.6mm, fine sand percent of pass are 44.6%；Square hole screen having a size of 0.3mm, fine sand percent of pass are 10.8%；Having a size of
The square hole screen of 0.15mm, fine sand percent of pass are 0%.
Flyash used uses I grade of flyash, and 45 μm of screen over-sizes are not more than 12%, and water demand ratio is not more than 95%, mainly
Active chemical components are SiO2With Al2O3。
The diameter of ramee used is 30 ~ 40 μm, and length is 10 ~ 20mm, and elasticity modulus is 15 ~ 30GPa, and elongation percentage is
6 ~ 8%,
The water-reducing rate of polycarboxylate water-reducer used is greater than 20%.
The protofibre cement-base composite material the preparation method comprises the following steps: successively putting into cement, flyash in blender
With and fine sand, stir 2min in advance；Then it is uniformly spilled into adhesive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose powder while stirring, stirs 5min；
Water and water-reducing agent are gradually added into dry mixture, stirring is until generate uniform mixture；Be gradually added into protofibre and after
Continuous mixing 3min, until fiber is evenly dispersed；Mixed mortar obtained is poured into mold, is vibrated, demoulds and marks afterwards for 24 hours
Quasi- maintenance 28 days, obtains protofibre cement-base composite material.
1 ECC cement-based material of comparative example
It is identical as the preparation method of embodiment, the difference is that the composition of raw materials of the ECC cement matrix material unit test specimen are as follows: water
280kg/m3；42.5 grades of ordinary portland cement 310kg/m3, fine sand 680kg/m3, flyash 680kg/m3, PVA fiber 24kg/
m3, polycarboxylate water-reducer 10kg/m3, adhesive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 0.15kg/m3。
Wherein, the diameter of PVA fiber used is 39 μm, length 12mm, and elasticity modulus is not less than 42.8GPa, elongation percentage
Not less than 6%.
2 C30 concrete unit test specimen of comparative example
It is identical as the preparation method of embodiment, the difference is that the composition of raw materials of the common C30 concrete unit test specimen are as follows: water
200kg/m3；42.5 grades of ordinary portland cement 400kg/m3；Sand 630kg/m3；Stone 1280kg/m3；
In order to verify the properties for the protofibre cement-base composite material that the present invention is prepared, to obtained original of the invention
Raw fiber cement composites are tested for the property.
(1) cube compression test
Cube compression test uses 70.7 × 70.7mm × 70.7mm test block, and specimen molding rear demoulding for 24 hours is put into standard curing
Room conserves 28d, and 3h takes out sunning 3h before testing, and prepares test.Every group of match ratio prepares 3 test blocks and completes compression test.Test
Index is elasticity modulus and compression strength.
(2) uniaxial tensile test
Uniaxial tensile test uses thickness × width × length=50mm × 50mm × 190mm test block, test specimen 24hDemoulding afterwards is put into
Standard curing room maintenance 28d, experiment preceding 3hIt takes out and dries preparation test.Every group of match ratio prepares 4 test blocks and completes tensile test.
Test index is cracking strength, tensile strength, maximum stretching strain, elasticity modulus and energy to failure.
Embodiment and ECC are tested under the same conditions with common C30 concrete, as a result such as table 1.
Each performance comparison table of table 1
Seen from table 1, although the intensity of protofibre cement-base composite material is declined compared with ECC, it is still greater than common C30
The compression strength of cement concrete, while the maximum tension strain of the protofibre cement-base composite material has reached 4%, it is remote high
It is strained in the maximum tension of normal concrete, has substantially met demand of most of concrete construction to concrete ductility.And
The present invention can substantially reduce cement using the PVA fiber etc. in protofibre substitution Traditional project cement-base composite material (ECC)
The production cost of based composites is suitable for being applied to building field on a large scale.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with
Modification, is all covered by the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of protofibre cement-base composite material, which is characterized in that raw materials used and its dosage includes: water 280-300kg/
m3, cement 310-330kg/m3, fine sand 680-700kg/m3, flyash 680-700kg/m3, protofibre 24-28kg/m3, diminishing
Agent 10-15kg/m3, adhesive 0.15-0.18kg/m3。
2. protofibre cement-base composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cement is intensity 42.5
The ordinary portland cement of grade.
3. protofibre cement-base composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the gradation of the fine sand are as follows:
Square hole screen having a size of 1.18mm, fine sand percent of pass are 100%；Square hole screen having a size of 0.6mm, fine sand percent of pass are 44.6%；
Square hole screen having a size of 0.3mm, fine sand percent of pass are 10.8%；Square hole screen having a size of 0.15mm, fine sand percent of pass are 0%.
4. protofibre cement-base composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the flyash uses I grade
Flyash, 45 μm of screen over-sizes are not more than 12%, and water demand ratio is not more than 95%.
5. protofibre cement-base composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the diameter of the protofibre
It is 30 ~ 40 μm, length is 10 ~ 20mm, and elasticity modulus is 15 ~ 30GPa, and elongation percentage is 6 ~ 8% comprising ramee, flax are fine
Dimension, sisal fiber, apocynum fibre, any one or a few in cotton fiber.
6. protofibre cement-base composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the water-reducing agent is polycarboxylic acids
Water-reducing agent, water-reducing rate are greater than 20%.
7. protofibre cement-base composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described adhesive is hydroxypropyl
Methylcellulose.
8. a kind of preparation method of the protofibre cement-base composite material as described in claim any one of 1-7, which is characterized in that
The following steps are included:
Step 1: successively put into blender cement, flyash and and fine sand, stir 2min in advance；
Step 2: and then it is uniformly spilled into adhesive while stirring, stir 5min；
Step 3: being gradually added into water and water-reducing agent, stirring is until generate uniform mixture；
Step 4: being gradually added into protofibre again and continues to mix 3min, until fiber is evenly dispersed；
Step 5: mixed mortar made from step 4 being poured into mold, is vibrated, demoulds simultaneously standard curing 28 days, obtains afterwards for 24 hours
To the protofibre cement-base composite material.
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Application publication date: 20191008 |