CH423382A - Method of end-to-end assembly and junction of two cylindrical members having practically equal sections, junction element for the implementation of this method and assembly obtained by means of the latter - Google Patents

Method of end-to-end assembly and junction of two cylindrical members having practically equal sections, junction element for the implementation of this method and assembly obtained by means of the latter

Info

Publication number
CH423382A
CH423382A CH572665A CH572665A CH423382A CH 423382 A CH423382 A CH 423382A CH 572665 A CH572665 A CH 572665A CH 572665 A CH572665 A CH 572665A CH 423382 A CH423382 A CH 423382A
Authority
CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
sleeve
subclaim
assembled
members
centering
Prior art date
Application number
CH572665A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Linsig Georges
Original Assignee
Rothenbach Ernest
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rothenbach Ernest filed Critical Rothenbach Ernest
Priority to CH572665A priority Critical patent/CH423382A/en
Publication of CH423382A publication Critical patent/CH423382A/en

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/66Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/68Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined using auxiliary shrinkable elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C61/00Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C61/06Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory
    • B29C61/0608Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory characterised by the configuration or structure of the preforms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C61/00Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C61/06Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory
    • B29C61/0608Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory characterised by the configuration or structure of the preforms
    • B29C61/0625Preforms comprising incorporated or associated heating means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C61/00Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C61/06Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory
    • B29C61/08Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory by stretching tubes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142Single butt to butt joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52291Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop
    • B29C66/52292Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop said stop being internal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52296Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising sealing elements, e.g. gaskets
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L21/00Joints with sleeve or socket
    • F16L21/02Joints with sleeve or socket with elastic sealing rings between pipe and sleeve or between pipe and socket, e.g. with rolling or other prefabricated profiled rings
    • F16L21/025Rolling sealing rings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/20Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics based principally on specific properties of plastics

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Description

       

  
 



   Procédé d'assemblage bout à bout et de jonction de deux organes cylindriques présentant des sections pratiquement égales, élément de jonction pour la mise en oeuvre
 de ce procédé et assemblage obtenu au moyen de ce dernier
 La présente invention concerne un procédé d'assemblage bout à bout et de jonction de deux organes cylindriques présentant des sections pratiquement égales.



   L'invention concerne aussi un élément d'assemblage et de jonction pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé et un assemblage obtenu au moyen de ce dernier.



   Il est connu que certaines matières thermoplastiques déformées à chaud et maintenues à l'état déformé par refroidissement, ont la propriété de se contracter lorsqu'on les chauffe à nouveau.



   Le procédé selon la présente invention fait usage de cette propriété et consiste à prendre un manchon d'une telle matière thermoplastique de section intérieure plus petite que le profil extérieur des organes à assembler, à augmenter à chaud ladite section intérieure jusqu'à la rendre au moins égale au profil considéré, à refroidir le manchon dans cet état agrandi, le placer ainsi autour des extrémités en regard des organes à assembler, enfin, à le chauffer en sorte de lui permettre de se contracter en enserrant fortement et assemblant entre eux les deux organes cylindriques.



   L'invention concerne également un élément propre à sa mise en oeuvre, soit un manchon en matière thermoplastique, qui se distingue par le fait qu'il se contracte sous l'influence de la chaleur.



   L'invention concerne enfin un assemblage obtenu par le procédé revendiqué, soit la jonction des deux extrémités en regard de deux organes cylindriques présentant des sections pratiquement semblables.



   Le dessin annexé illustre à titre d'exemple le principe qui est à la base du présent procédé et montre plusieurs formes d'exécution de sa mise en oeuvre.



   Les fig. 1 à 4 servent à expliquer le procédé.



   Les fig. 5 et 6 montrent un inconvénient à éviter.



   La fig. 7 est une coupe axiale longitudinale d'un manchon en matière thermoplastique agrandi remédiant à l'inconvénient qu'expliquent les fig. 5 et 6.



   La fig. 8 est une coupe transversale avec arrachement partiel d'un assemblage de deux organes cylindriques présentant une légère différence de diamètre entre eux.



   La fig. 9 montre en coupe axiale, les extrémités en regard des deux organes cylindriques de l'exemple de la fig. 8.



   La fig. 10 est une demi-coupe axiale montrant la mise en place d'un manchon complété par des joints annulaires que
 la fig. 11 montre à l'état serré, après chauffage du manchon.



   Les fig. 12 et 13 sont des demi-coupes axiales de deux manchons présentant des particularités.



   La fig. 14 illustre la façon d'armer un manchon, dont
 la fig. 15 montre en perspective une moitié de l'armature.



   La fig. 1 montre un manchon cylindrique 1 en matière thermoplastique ayant la propriété de pouvoir se déformer à chaud, rester déformée par refroidissement et de se contracter sous l'influence d'un nouveau réchauffement.



   La matière considérée sera par exemple du chlorure de polyvinyle, connu dans le commerce sous le nom   P.V.C.,    le manchon étant par exemple obtenu par extrusion.



   A la fig. 3, on voit les extrémités 2 et 3 des organes cylindriques ou tuyaux de même section, placées bout à bout.  



   Le diamètre intérieur du manchon 1 de la fig. 1 est légèrement plus petit que le diamètre extérieur commun des deux tuyaux 2 et 3.



   Après avoir chauffé le manchon de la fig. 1, on l'agrandira par   l'un    des moyens cités plus loin, de façon à lui donner la dimension du manchon   1' de    la fig. 2, soit un diamètre intérieur plus grand que le diamètre extérieur commun des deux tuyaux 2 et 3.



  Refroidissant alors le manchon, on le maintient ou fixe dans cet état, dans lequel il peut, bien entendu être stocké jusqu'à emploi.



   L'emploi consistera à l'enfiler à cheval par-dessus le point de raccordement des tuyaux 2 et 3, comme représenté en fig. 3.



   Dans cette position, on soumettra le manchon 1' à l'action de la chaleur.



   Conformément à ce qui a été dit plus haut, il cherchera à reprendre élastiquement son profil primitif (fig. 1), et, ce faisant, il assemblera les deux tuyaux 2 et 3 (voir fig. 4) en les enserrant de manière à les joindre, son profil   1" étant    de diamètre légèrement supérieur au diamètre primitif qu'il cherche à atteindre, différence qui se traduit par une pression mécanique centripète assurant une solide liaison.



   La coupe transversale ou vue en bout de la fig. 5 montre comment, sans autre précaution, un manchon élargi 1' pourrait venir se placer autour des organes cylindriques à assembler, représentés ici par le corps plein 4, c'est-à-dire en position excentrée. En se rétrécissant dans cette position, le manchon risque de ne pas s'appliquer sur les organes cylindriques en sorte d'exercer une pression uniformément répartie sur le pourtour de ces derniers. La fig. 6 montre la position idéale, concentrique du manchon et des organes à assembler.



   Un moyen très simple d'assurer un tel centrage, est de constituer le manchon comme l'illustre la coupe axiale de la fig. 7.



   Durant l'expansion du manchon 5, alors qu'il est chaud et de ce fait maléable, on y forme avant refroidissement des protubérances ou bossages intérieurs 6, par exemple au nombre de trois répartis sur son pourtour au voisinage de chacune de ses extrémités. On disposera ces deux séries de bossage de préférence en quinconce, comme représenté, c'est-à-dire en sorte qu'il n'y en ait jamais plusieurs sur une génératrice commune.



   Ces bossages serviront à centrer le manchon par rapport aux organes à assembler, dont le profil est représenté par les traits mixtes 7.



   Les fig. 9 et 10 montrent qu'avec un manchon à bossages intérieurs, c'est-à-dire préparé selon l'exemple de la fig. 7, il est possible d'assembler et de centrer en même temps   l'un    par rapport à l'autre deux organes cylindriques ou tuyaux présentant une légère différence de diamètre. Cette différence est apparente dans la coupe axiale de la fig. 9, entre le tuyau 8 de plus petit diamètre et le tuyau 9 de plus grand diamètre.



   La fig. 8, qui est une coupe transversale ou vue en bout de l'assemblage avec arrachement partiel montre ces deux tuyaux et le manchon 10 les réunissant, avec ses bossages intérieurs 11 et 11'.



   On voit qu'au moment de la déformation, du rétrécissement élastique du manchon 10, l'une des séries de bossages prendra appui sur le tuyau 8 de plus petit diamètre (les bossages 11'), tandis que l'autre série prendra appui sur le tuyau 9 de plus grand diamètre (les bossages 11), que le manchon se déformera en conséquence et qu'il en résulte un centrage des deux organes à assembler.



     I1    est évident que les bossages dont il vient d'être question se résorbent lors de la mise en place définitive du manchon et qu'en particulier dans le cas de l'exemple de la fig. 8, il s'appliquera exactement sur les deux tuyaux à réunir.



   Une autre manière de centrer le manchon par rapport aux organes à assembler peut consister à placer un ou des joints auxiliaires en forme de bague entre organe cylindrique et manchon.



   La fig. 10 illustre cette possibilité. Les organes à assembler se trouvent en 12 et 13, entourés du manchon 14. En 15 et 16 sont intercalés des joints annulaires ou en forme de bague qui, à l'instant du rétrécissement élastique du manchon, seront serrés entre celui-ci et les tuyaux, éventuellement plus ou moins écrasés, comme le montre la coupe de la fig. 11.



   Ces joints peuvent être indépendants, préalablement fixés sur les extrémités des tuyaux, ou encore être fixés à l'intérieur du manchon, où ils constituent les protubérances désirées.



   Selon le genre de joints utilisés, il peut être indiqué d'éviter qu'ils puissent être blessés lors de la mise en place du manchon qui en est muni.



   La forme d'exécution selon la coupe de la fig. 12 permet d'éviter cet inconvénient.



   Le manchon élargi 17, comportant les joints annulaires incorporés 18, 19, est profilé en sorte de présenter des protubérances intérieures constituées par deux nervures circulaires 20, 21, de diamètre intérieur plus petit que celui des joints, mais tel qu'il puisse entourer les organes à assembler figurés par le trait mixte 22.



   Ainsi, en mettant le manchon en place, ce seront ces nervures qui frotteront sur lesdits organes, et non les joints.



   Lors du rétrécissement, l'ensemble s'appliquera contre la surface des organes à assembler, pressant sur les joints en les écrasant plus ou moins.



   Le principe que   l'on    vient d'énoncer serait aussi applicable à des bossages de centrage en prévoyant que ceux-ci émergent plus vers l'intérieur que les   j oints.   



   Au lieu de joints particuliers, il serait aussi possible d'enduire la face interne du manchon d'un liant, d'un vernis ou d'une couche de tout matériau propre à augmenter ou assurer la parfaite étanchéité de l'assemblage.



     I1    peut aussi être utile de prévoir des moyens de centrage du manchon dans le sens axial, c'est-à-dire permettant d'assurer un recouvrement d'égale impor  tance des deux organes à réunir. C'est ce que représente la coupe de la fig. 13.



   Ici, le manchon 23, présentant au voisinage de ses extrémités des nervures circulaires intérieures 24, 25 de centrage radial, présente une troisième telle nervure 26, placée à mi-hauteur et de diamètre intérieur plus petit que celui des nervures 24 et 25.



   Comme on le voit, cette nervure 26 est destiné à coopérer avec une rainure circulaire réservée entre les extrémités des tuyaux 27 et 28 à réunir, qui sont biseautées en conséquence.



   Dans ce cas, il ne sera plus possible d'enfiler le manchon par-dessus lesdits tuyaux que   l'on    introduira, au contraire, de part et d'autre dans le manchon.



   L'agrandissement ou expansion à chaud du manchon peut se faire de diverses manières. On peut utiliser pour cela un mandrin extensible. On peut faire agir intérieurement un fluide sous pression, gazeux ou liquide. On peut aussi agir extérieurement, par succion.



  Enfin, les divers profils représentés aux figures du dessin peuvent être réalisés en effectuant l'expansion dans des moules appropriés.



     I1    est bien entendu possible d'agrandir une pièce tubulaire plusieurs fois plus longue qu'un manchon individuel, puis de la scier en tronçons constituant chacun un manchon isolé.



   A noter que la longueur d'un manchon sera pratiquement d'un ordre de grandeur correspondant à au moins deux fois son diamètre.



   Le chauffage du manchon en cours d'expansion ne pose pas de problème.



   Quant au chauffage en cours de mis en place, divers moyens peuvent être utilisés.



   Le manchon peut être chauffé par le moyen d'un fluide chaud, en particulier de l'air chaud, par les courants à haute fréquence, par une bride chauffante à chauffage électrique ou par circulation d'un fluide chaud.



   Les fig. 14 et 15 montrent un moyen de chauffage qui peut être incorporé au manchon.   I1    s'agit d'un fil métallique 29 disposé dans la masse du manchon 30 (représenté ici sans les hachures habituelles d'une coupe pour ne pas surcharger le dessin). Ce fil forme une spire fermée mais suit un trajet ondulé dicté par la nécessité du manchon de pouvoir s'agrandir et se rétrécir. Une telle spire fermée peut être chauffée électriquement par induction. En la prévoyant ouverte, il est possible d'y faire passer un courant l'échauffant par résistance, mais cela présente l'inconvénient de devoir munir la bride de bornes de raccordement.



     I1    est bien entendu possible voire même indiqué, de disposer plusieurs telles spires l'une à côté de l'autre.



   On peut aussi, selon la perspective de la fig. 15, prévoir deux spires 31, 32, reliées entre elles par des barreaux 33 en sorte de constituer une cage d'écureuil susceptible d'être chauffée par raccordement approprié à une source de courant ou encore par induction.



   REVENDICATIONS
 I. Procédé d'assemblage bout à bout et de jonction de deux organes cylindriques présentant des sections pratiquement égales, utilisant pour cela un matériau thermoplastique ayant la propriété de pouvoir être déformé à chaud, de le rester après refroidissement et de se contracter lors d'un nouveau chauffage, caractérisé en ce que   l'on    prend un manchon d'une telle matière thermoplastique de section intérieure plus petite que le profil extérieur des organes à assembler, en ce que   l'on    augmente à chaud ladite section intérieure jusqu'à la rendre au moins égale au profil considéré, en ce qu'on refroidit le manchon dans cet état agrandi, en ce qu'on le place ainsi autour des extrémités en regard des organes à assembler, enfin,

   en ce qu'on le chauffe en sorte de lui permettre de se contracter en serrant fortement et assemblant entre eux les deux organes cylindriques.
  



  
 



   Method of end-to-end assembly and junction of two cylindrical members having practically equal sections, junction element for the implementation
 of this process and assembly obtained by means of the latter
 The present invention relates to a method of end-to-end assembly and junction of two cylindrical members having substantially equal sections.



   The invention also relates to an assembly and junction element for implementing the method and an assembly obtained by means of the latter.



   It is known that certain thermoplastic materials which are hot-deformed and kept in the deformed state by cooling, have the property of contracting when they are heated again.



   The method according to the present invention makes use of this property and consists in taking a sleeve of such a thermoplastic material with an interior section smaller than the exterior profile of the components to be assembled, in increasing said interior section while hot until it returns to less equal to the profile considered, to cool the sleeve in this enlarged state, place it around the ends facing the components to be assembled, finally, to heat it so as to allow it to contract by tightly gripping and assembling the two between them cylindrical bodies.



   The invention also relates to an element suitable for its implementation, namely a sleeve of thermoplastic material, which is distinguished by the fact that it contracts under the influence of heat.



   The invention finally relates to an assembly obtained by the claimed method, ie the junction of the two opposite ends of two cylindrical members having practically similar sections.



   The appended drawing illustrates by way of example the principle which is the basis of the present method and shows several embodiments of its implementation.



   Figs. 1 to 4 are used to explain the process.



   Figs. 5 and 6 show a drawback to be avoided.



   Fig. 7 is a longitudinal axial section through an enlarged thermoplastic sleeve overcoming the drawback explained in FIGS. 5 and 6.



   Fig. 8 is a cross section with partial cut away of an assembly of two cylindrical members having a slight difference in diameter between them.



   Fig. 9 shows in axial section, the opposite ends of the two cylindrical members of the example of FIG. 8.



   Fig. 10 is an axial half-section showing the establishment of a sleeve completed by annular seals that
 fig. 11 shows in the clamped state, after heating the sleeve.



   Figs. 12 and 13 are axial half-sections of two sleeves having particular features.



   Fig. 14 illustrates how to cock a sleeve, of which
 fig. 15 shows in perspective one half of the frame.



   Fig. 1 shows a cylindrical sleeve 1 of thermoplastic material having the property of being able to deform when hot, to remain deformed by cooling and to contract under the influence of a new heating.



   The material considered will for example be polyvinyl chloride, known commercially under the name P.V.C., the sleeve being for example obtained by extrusion.



   In fig. 3, we see the ends 2 and 3 of the cylindrical members or pipes of the same section, placed end to end.



   The internal diameter of the sleeve 1 of FIG. 1 is slightly smaller than the common outside diameter of the two pipes 2 and 3.



   After heating the sleeve of fig. 1, it will be enlarged by one of the means mentioned below, so as to give it the dimension of the sleeve 1 'of FIG. 2, i.e. an internal diameter greater than the common external diameter of the two pipes 2 and 3.



  Then cooling the sleeve, it is maintained or fixed in this state, in which it can, of course, be stored until use.



   The use will consist of threading it on horseback over the connection point of pipes 2 and 3, as shown in fig. 3.



   In this position, the sleeve 1 'will be subjected to the action of heat.



   In accordance with what has been said above, it will seek to elastically resume its original profile (fig. 1), and, in doing so, it will assemble the two pipes 2 and 3 (see fig. 4) by clamping them so as to join, its 1 "profile being slightly larger in diameter than the original diameter it seeks to achieve, a difference which results in a centripetal mechanical pressure ensuring a solid connection.



   The cross section or end view of FIG. 5 shows how, without any other precaution, an enlarged sleeve 1 'could come to be placed around the cylindrical members to be assembled, represented here by the solid body 4, that is to say in an eccentric position. By narrowing in this position, the sleeve runs the risk of not being applied to the cylindrical members so as to exert a pressure uniformly distributed around the periphery of the latter. Fig. 6 shows the ideal, concentric position of the sleeve and of the components to be assembled.



   A very simple way to ensure such centering is to form the sleeve as shown in the axial section of FIG. 7.



   During the expansion of the sleeve 5, while it is hot and therefore malleable, protrusions or interior bosses 6 are formed there before cooling, for example three in number distributed around its periphery in the vicinity of each of its ends. These two series of bosses will preferably be arranged in staggered rows, as shown, that is to say so that there are never several on a common generator.



   These bosses will serve to center the sleeve with respect to the components to be assembled, the profile of which is represented by the dashed lines 7.



   Figs. 9 and 10 show that with a sleeve with internal bosses, that is to say prepared according to the example of FIG. 7, it is possible to assemble and center at the same time with respect to each other two cylindrical members or pipes having a slight difference in diameter. This difference is apparent in the axial section of FIG. 9, between the pipe 8 of smaller diameter and the pipe 9 of larger diameter.



   Fig. 8, which is a cross section or end view of the assembly with partial cutaway shows these two pipes and the sleeve 10 joining them, with its interior bosses 11 and 11 '.



   It can be seen that at the time of the deformation, of the elastic narrowing of the sleeve 10, one of the series of bosses will rest on the pipe 8 of smaller diameter (the bosses 11 '), while the other series will rest on the pipe 9 of larger diameter (the bosses 11), that the sleeve will deform as a result and that the result is a centering of the two components to be assembled.



     I1 is obvious that the bosses which have just been discussed are absorbed during the final installation of the sleeve and that in particular in the case of the example of FIG. 8, it will apply exactly to the two pipes to be joined.



   Another way of centering the sleeve with respect to the members to be assembled may consist in placing one or more auxiliary seals in the form of a ring between the cylindrical member and the sleeve.



   Fig. 10 illustrates this possibility. The members to be assembled are located at 12 and 13, surrounded by the sleeve 14. At 15 and 16 are interposed annular or ring-shaped seals which, at the instant of elastic shrinking of the sleeve, will be clamped between the latter and the pipes, possibly more or less crushed, as shown in the section in fig. 11.



   These joints can be independent, fixed beforehand on the ends of the pipes, or even be fixed inside the sleeve, where they constitute the desired protuberances.



   Depending on the type of gaskets used, it may be advisable to prevent them from being injured when fitting the sleeve which is fitted with it.



   The embodiment according to the section of FIG. 12 avoids this drawback.



   The enlarged sleeve 17, comprising the incorporated annular seals 18, 19, is profiled so as to present internal protuberances formed by two circular ribs 20, 21, of internal diameter smaller than that of the joints, but such that it can surround the joints. components to be assembled shown by the dashed line 22.



   Thus, by putting the sleeve in place, it will be these ribs which will rub on said components, and not the joints.



   During the shrinking, the assembly will be applied against the surface of the components to be assembled, pressing on the joints by crushing them more or less.



   The principle just stated would also be applicable to centering bosses by providing that the latter emerge more inward than the joints.



   Instead of specific joints, it would also be possible to coat the internal face of the sleeve with a binder, a varnish or a layer of any material suitable for increasing or ensuring the perfect sealing of the assembly.



     It may also be useful to provide means for centering the sleeve in the axial direction, that is to say making it possible to ensure an equal coverage of the two members to be joined. This is represented by the section in FIG. 13.



   Here, the sleeve 23, having in the vicinity of its ends internal circular ribs 24, 25 for radial centering, has a third such rib 26, placed at mid-height and with an inside diameter smaller than that of the ribs 24 and 25.



   As can be seen, this rib 26 is intended to cooperate with a circular groove reserved between the ends of the pipes 27 and 28 to be joined, which are bevelled accordingly.



   In this case, it will no longer be possible to thread the sleeve over said pipes which, on the contrary, will be introduced from either side into the sleeve.



   The expansion or hot expansion of the sleeve can be accomplished in various ways. An expandable mandrel can be used for this. A pressurized, gaseous or liquid fluid can be made to act internally. We can also act externally, by suction.



  Finally, the various profiles shown in the figures of the drawing can be produced by carrying out the expansion in suitable molds.



     It is of course possible to enlarge a tubular part several times longer than an individual sleeve, then to saw it into sections each constituting an insulated sleeve.



   Note that the length of a sleeve will be practically of an order of magnitude corresponding to at least twice its diameter.



   Heating the expanding sleeve is not a problem.



   As for the heating being put in place, various means can be used.



   The sleeve can be heated by means of a hot fluid, in particular hot air, by high frequency currents, by an electrically heated heating flange or by circulating a hot fluid.



   Figs. 14 and 15 show a heating means which can be incorporated into the sleeve. I1 is a metal wire 29 arranged in the mass of the sleeve 30 (shown here without the usual hatching of a section so as not to overload the drawing). This wire forms a closed turn but follows a corrugated path dictated by the need for the sleeve to be able to expand and contract. Such a closed coil can be heated electrically by induction. By providing it open, it is possible to pass a current through it, heating it by resistance, but this has the drawback of having to provide the flange with connection terminals.



     I1 is of course possible or even indicated, to have several such turns one next to the other.



   It is also possible, from the perspective of FIG. 15, provide two turns 31, 32, interconnected by bars 33 so as to constitute a squirrel cage capable of being heated by appropriate connection to a current source or by induction.



   CLAIMS
 I. A method of end-to-end assembly and junction of two cylindrical members having practically equal sections, using for this a thermoplastic material having the property of being able to be hot deformed, of remaining so after cooling and of contracting during a new heater, characterized in that one takes a sleeve of such a thermoplastic material of inner section smaller than the outer profile of the members to be assembled, in that one increases hot said inner section until the make at least equal to the profile considered, in that the sleeve is cooled in this enlarged state, in that it is thus placed around the ends facing the members to be assembled, finally,

   in that it is heated so as to allow it to contract by tightening strongly and assembling the two cylindrical members together.
  


    

Claims (1)

II. Elément d'assemblage et de jonction pour la mise en ceuvre du procédé selon la revendication I, caractérisé par un manchon en matière thermoplastique présentant la particularité de se contracter sous l'influence de la chaleur. II. Assembly and junction element for carrying out the process according to claim I, characterized by a sleeve of thermoplastic material having the particularity of contracting under the influence of heat. III. Assemblage bout à bout de deux organes cylindriques présentant des sections pratiquement égales, obtenu par la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication I, caractérisé par un manchon en matière thermoplastique enserrant et maintenant fortement assemblées les deux extrémités en regard des deux organes cylindriques considérés. III. End-to-end assembly of two cylindrical members having substantially equal sections, obtained by implementing the method according to claim I, characterized by a thermoplastic material sleeve enclosing and maintaining strongly assembled the two ends facing the two cylindrical members considered. SOUS-REVENDICATIONS 1. Procédé selon la revendication I, caractérisé en ce que l'on prévoit des moyens obligeant le manchon agrandi à se placer concentriquement aux organes à assembler. SUB-CLAIMS 1. Method according to claim I, characterized in that there is provided means forcing the enlarged sleeve to be placed concentrically to the members to be assembled. 2. Procédé selon la revendication I et la sousrevendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de centrage consistent en bossages répartis sur la face intérieure du manchon. 2. Method according to claim I and subclaim 1, characterized in that the centering means consist of bosses distributed over the inner face of the sleeve. 3. Procédé selon la revendication I et la sousrevendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de centrage sont des nervures circulaires intérieures du manchon. 3. Method according to claim I and subclaim 1, characterized in that the centering means are internal circular ribs of the sleeve. 4. Procédé selon la revendication I et la sousrevendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de centrage sont des joints disposés entre le manchon et les organes à assembler. 4. Method according to claim I and subclaim 1, characterized in that the centering means are seals arranged between the sleeve and the members to be assembled. 5. Procédé selon la revendication I et les sousrevendications 1 et 4, caractérisé en ce que des joints annulaires sont disposés sur les organes à assembler avant mise en place du manchon. 5. Method according to claim I and subclaims 1 and 4, characterized in that annular seals are arranged on the members to be assembled before the sleeve is fitted. 6. Procédé selon la revendication I et les sousrevendications 1 et 4, caractérisé en ce que des joints sont fixés à l'intérieur du manchon et qu'on les met ainsi en place avec ce dernier. 6. Method according to claim I and subclaims 1 and 4, characterized in that the seals are fixed inside the sleeve and that they are thus put in place with the latter. 7. Procédé selon la revendication I et la sousrevendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'on munit le manchon de joints annulaires fixés à sa face intérieure et de diamètre intérieur plus grand que le diamètre intérieur des nervures de centrage. 7. The method of claim I and subclaim 3, characterized in that the sleeve is provided with annular seals fixed to its inner face and of an inner diameter greater than the inner diameter of the centering ribs. 8. Procédé selon la revendication I et la sousrevendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on munit le manchon de joints annulaires fixés à sa face intérieure mais émergeant moins vers l'intérieur que les bossages de centrage. 8. Method according to claim I and subclaim 2, characterized in that the sleeve is provided with annular seals fixed to its inner face but emerging less inward than the centering bosses. 9. Procédé selon la revendication I, caractérisé en ce qu'avant la mise en place du manchon sur les organes à assembler on en enduit la face intérieure d'un matériau propre à augmenter l'étanchéité de la jonction. 9. The method of claim I, characterized in that before the establishment of the sleeve on the members to be assembled, the inner face is coated with a material suitable for increasing the tightness of the junction. 10. Procédé selon la revendication I, caractérisé en ce que l'on fixe la position axialement centrée du manchon en munissant la face intérieure d'une nervure médiane circulaire de diamètre intérieur plus petit que le diamètre extérieur des organes à assembler, dont on biseaute les extrémités en sorte de constituer entre ces dernières une gorge propre à recevoir la nervure précitée. 10. The method of claim I, characterized in that the axially centered position of the sleeve is fixed by providing the inner face with a circular median rib of inner diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the members to be assembled, which is bevelled. the ends so as to form between the latter a groove suitable for receiving the aforementioned rib. 11. Procédé selon la revendication I, caractérisé en ce que l'on dilate le manchon à chaud au moyen d'un mandrin. 11. The method of claim I, characterized in that one expands the hot sleeve by means of a mandrel. 12. Procédé selon la revendication I, caractérisé en ce que l'on dilate le manchon à chaud par l'application, à l'intérieur de celui-ci, d'un fluide sous pression. 12. The method of claim I, characterized in that the hot sleeve is dilated by the application, inside the latter, of a pressurized fluid. 13. Procédé selon la revendication I, caractérisé en ce que l'on dilate le manchon à chaud par succion extérieure. 13. The method of claim I, characterized in that the hot sleeve is dilated by external suction. 14. Procédé selon la revendication I, caractérisé en ce que l'on dilate le manchon à chaud dans un moule lui donnant un profil prédéterminé. 14. The method of claim I, characterized in that the hot sleeve is dilated in a mold giving it a predetermined profile. 15. Procédé selon la revendication I, caractérisé en ce que la longueur du manchon est au moins égale au double de son diamètre moyen. 15. The method of claim I, characterized in that the length of the sleeve is at least equal to twice its average diameter. 16. Procédé selon la revendication I, caractérisé en ce que l'on obtient le manchon de diamètre agrandi à chaud par sectionnement d'un tronçon correspondant d'un tube dilaté à chaud. 16. The method of claim I, characterized in that one obtains the hot-enlarged diameter sleeve by severing a corresponding section of a hot-expanded tube. 17. Procédé selon la revendication I, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'une des opérations de chauffage du manchon s'effectue par le moyen d'un fluide chauffant. 17. The method of claim I, characterized in that at least one of the sleeve heating operations is carried out by means of a heating fluid. 18. Procédé selon la revendication I, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'une des opérations de chauffage du manchon s'effectue par le moyen d'une bride chauffante. 18. The method of claim I, characterized in that at least one of the sleeve heating operations is carried out by means of a heating flange. 19. Procédé selon la revendication I, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'une des opérations de chauffage du manchon s'effectue par le moyen de courant à haute fréquence. 19. The method of claim I, characterized in that at least one of the sleeve heating operations is carried out by means of high frequency current. 20. Procédé selon la revendication I. caractérisé en ce que l'on incorpore à la masse du manchon une armature métallique. 20. The method of claim I. characterized in that a metal frame is incorporated into the mass of the sleeve. 21. Procédé selon la revendication I et la sousrevendication 20, caractérisé en ce que l'armature comprend au moins une spire faisant le tour du manchon mais elle-même profilée en sorte d'être extensible. 21. The method of claim I and subclaim 20, characterized in that the frame comprises at least one turn going around the sleeve but itself profiled so as to be extensible. 22. Procédé selon la revendication I et les sousrevendications 20 et 21, caractérisé par une armature en cage d'écureuil. 22. The method of claim I and subclaims 20 and 21, characterized by a squirrel cage frame. 23. Procédé selon la revendication I et la sousrevendication 20, caractérisé en ce que l'on chauffe le manchon en faisant passer un courant électrique par l'armature. 23. The method of claim I and subclaim 20, characterized in that the sleeve is heated by passing an electric current through the armature. 24. Procédé selon la revendication I et les sousrevendications 20 et 23, caractérisé en ce que l'on induit le courant électrique dans l'armature. 24. The method of claim I and subclaims 20 and 23, characterized in that one induces the electric current in the armature. 25. Elément selon la revendication II, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente des protubérances intérieures servant à le centrer lors de sa mise en place sur les organes à assembler. 25. Element according to claim II, characterized in that it has internal protuberances serving to center it when it is placed on the members to be assembled. 26. Elément selon la revendication II et la sousrevendication 25, caractérisé en ce que les protubérances sont constituées par des joints appliqués contre sa paroi intérieure. 26. Element according to claim II and subclaim 25, characterized in that the protuberances are formed by joints applied against its inner wall. 27. Elément selon la revendication II et la sousrevendication 25, caractérisé en ce que sa paroi intérieure est munie de joints annulaires émergeant vers l'intérieur d'une quantité moindre que les protubérances de centrage. 27. Element according to claim II and subclaim 25, characterized in that its inner wall is provided with annular seals emerging inwardly by a smaller amount than the centering protuberances. 28. Elément selon la revendication II, caractérisé en ce que sa face intérieure est enduite d'un matériau propre à augmenter l'étanchéité de la jonction. 28. Element according to claim II, characterized in that its inner face is coated with a material suitable for increasing the sealing of the junction. 29. Elément selon la revendication II et la sousrevendication 25, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente une nervure médiane circulaire intérieure émergeant de la paroi d'une quantité supérieure à la hauteur des protubérances de centrage. 29. Element according to claim II and subclaim 25, characterized in that it has an inner circular median rib emerging from the wall by an amount greater than the height of the centering protuberances. 30. Elément selon la revendication II, caractérisé en ce que sa longueur est au moins égale au double de son diamètre moyen. 30. Element according to claim II, characterized in that its length is at least equal to twice its average diameter. 31. Elément selon la revendication II, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient une armature métallique. 31. Element according to claim II, characterized in that it contains a metal frame. 32. Elément selon la revendication II et la sousrevendication 31, caractérisé en ce que l'armature comporte au moins une spire fermée sur elle-même, mais conformée en sorte d'être extensible. 32. Element according to claim II and subclaim 31, characterized in that the reinforcement comprises at least one turn closed on itself, but shaped so as to be extensible.
CH572665A 1965-04-21 1965-04-21 Method of end-to-end assembly and junction of two cylindrical members having practically equal sections, junction element for the implementation of this method and assembly obtained by means of the latter CH423382A (en)

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CH572665A CH423382A (en) 1965-04-21 1965-04-21 Method of end-to-end assembly and junction of two cylindrical members having practically equal sections, junction element for the implementation of this method and assembly obtained by means of the latter

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CH572665A CH423382A (en) 1965-04-21 1965-04-21 Method of end-to-end assembly and junction of two cylindrical members having practically equal sections, junction element for the implementation of this method and assembly obtained by means of the latter

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2520477A1 (en) * 1981-08-21 1983-07-29 Kabelmetal Electro Gmbh SHAPE PIECE CAPABLE OF LOW-LENGTH SHREDDING SUCH AS SOFT PIPE CAP CUFF AND ANALOGUE
FR2601285A1 (en) * 1986-07-10 1988-01-15 Pirelli Treficable THERMORETRACTABLE SLEEVE HAVING MEANS FOR CONTROLLING ITS UNIFORM HEATING, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SLEEVE.
WO1994016874A1 (en) * 1993-01-21 1994-08-04 Raychem Limited Heat recoverable article
EP1087171A1 (en) * 1999-08-27 2001-03-28 Star Pipe, AS Dansk Rorindustri Electric welding sleeve and method of making same
EP2450176A1 (en) * 2010-11-04 2012-05-09 Georg Fischer Rohrleitungssysteme AG Heating coil welded fitting

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2520477A1 (en) * 1981-08-21 1983-07-29 Kabelmetal Electro Gmbh SHAPE PIECE CAPABLE OF LOW-LENGTH SHREDDING SUCH AS SOFT PIPE CAP CUFF AND ANALOGUE
FR2601285A1 (en) * 1986-07-10 1988-01-15 Pirelli Treficable THERMORETRACTABLE SLEEVE HAVING MEANS FOR CONTROLLING ITS UNIFORM HEATING, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SLEEVE.
EP0253721A1 (en) * 1986-07-10 1988-01-20 Treficable Pirelli Heat-shrinkable sleeve comprising means for controlling its uniform heating and method for its manufacture
WO1994016874A1 (en) * 1993-01-21 1994-08-04 Raychem Limited Heat recoverable article
US5700528A (en) * 1993-01-21 1997-12-23 Raychem Limited Heat recoverable article
EP1087171A1 (en) * 1999-08-27 2001-03-28 Star Pipe, AS Dansk Rorindustri Electric welding sleeve and method of making same
EP2450176A1 (en) * 2010-11-04 2012-05-09 Georg Fischer Rohrleitungssysteme AG Heating coil welded fitting

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