CA2902709A1 - Compositions and methods for the modulation of hemoglobin (s) - Google Patents
Compositions and methods for the modulation of hemoglobin (s) Download PDFInfo
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- CA2902709A1 CA2902709A1 CA2902709A CA2902709A CA2902709A1 CA 2902709 A1 CA2902709 A1 CA 2902709A1 CA 2902709 A CA2902709 A CA 2902709A CA 2902709 A CA2902709 A CA 2902709A CA 2902709 A1 CA2902709 A1 CA 2902709A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/444—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. amrinone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/06—Antianaemics
Abstract
This invention provides pharmaceutical compositions for the aliosteric modulation of hemoglobin (S) and methods for their use in treating disorders mediated by hemoglobin (S) and disorders that would benefit from tissue and/or cellular oxygenation.
Description
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THE MODULATION OF
HEMOGLOBIN (S) FIELD OF THE INVENTION
100011 This invention provides pharmaceutical compositions for the allosterie modulation of hemoglobin (S) and methods for their use in treating disorders mediated by hemoglobin (S) and disorders that would benefit from tissue and/or cellular oxygenation.
STATE OF THE ART
100021 Sickle cell disease is a disorder of the red blood cells, found particularly among those of African and Mediterranean descent. The basis for sickle cell disease is found in sickle hemoglobin (1-lbS or hemoglobin (S)), which contains a point mutation relative to the prevalent peptide sequence of hemoglobin (Hb).
100031 Hemoglobin (fib) transports oxygen molecules from the lungs to various tissues and organs throughout the body. Hemoglobin binds and releases oxygen through confbrmational changes. Sickle hemoglobin (HbS) contains a point mutation where glutamic acid is replaced with va.line, allowing HbS to become susceptible to polymerization to give the HbS containing red blood cells having their characteristic sickle shape. The sickled cells are also more rigid than normal red blood cells, and their lack of flexibility can lead to blockage of blood vessels. U.S. 7,160,910 discloses compounds that are allosterie modulators of hemoglobin. However, a need exists for additional therapeutics that can treat disorders that are mediated by I-lb or by abnormal Hb such as HbS.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
100041 This invention relates generally to compositions suitable as allosteric modulators of hemoglobin (S). In some aspects, this invention relates to methods for treating disorders mediated by hemoglobin (S) and disorders that would benefit from tissue and/or cellular oxygenation.
100051 In further aspects, this invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising from about 1 mg to about 10 g of a compound selected from the group consisting ()la compound in Table 1 and at least a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
carrier or diluent.
100061 In still further aspects, this invention relates to a blood composition comprising blood and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of a compound in WO 2(114/15(1256 Table I, wherein said blood is comprised of red blood cells and plasma, and wherein at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 50%, yet more preferably at least 80%, and still more preferably at least 90% of said one or more compounds in the blood will bind to red blood cells containing hemoglobin (S) under physiological conditions.
100071 In further aspects of this invention, a blood composition is provided wherein said composition comprises a compound in Table 1 and blood, said blood comprising red blood cells comprising hemoglobin, at least a part of the hemoglobin being hemoglobin (S), and at least a part of said hemoglobin (S) is present as an adduct with said compound.
100081 In another aspect of the invention, provided herein are adducts of hemoglobin (S) and a compound selected from the group consisting of a compound in Table I.
[00091 In a preferred embodiment, a compound selected from the group consisting of Table I. present in the adduct of the red blood cells and Hb-S, has a volume of distribution between the vascular space and the extra-vascular space under steady state conditions such that at least a portion of the compound remains in the vascular space as part of said adduct. In one aspect, at least 20%, preferably at least 40%, yet more preferably at least 60%, still more preferably at least 80% and even more preferably at least 95% of said compound remains in the vascular space as part of said adduct.
100101 FIG. I graphically illustrates the high oral bioavailability, sustained exposure and dramatic RBC partitioning following single dose of GBT440. Certain relevant pharmacokinetic parameters are tabulated below:
(;I31-440 Rat Dog Monkey IV Dose (mg/kg) 1.6 PO Dose (mg/kg) 7.2 2.5 4.25 Oral bioavai lability (% 59.8 36.6 36.1 Whole Blood/Plasma Ratio 69.0 74.4 70.9 100111 In a further aspect, the invention relates to a method for treating a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutical
HEMOGLOBIN (S) FIELD OF THE INVENTION
100011 This invention provides pharmaceutical compositions for the allosterie modulation of hemoglobin (S) and methods for their use in treating disorders mediated by hemoglobin (S) and disorders that would benefit from tissue and/or cellular oxygenation.
STATE OF THE ART
100021 Sickle cell disease is a disorder of the red blood cells, found particularly among those of African and Mediterranean descent. The basis for sickle cell disease is found in sickle hemoglobin (1-lbS or hemoglobin (S)), which contains a point mutation relative to the prevalent peptide sequence of hemoglobin (Hb).
100031 Hemoglobin (fib) transports oxygen molecules from the lungs to various tissues and organs throughout the body. Hemoglobin binds and releases oxygen through confbrmational changes. Sickle hemoglobin (HbS) contains a point mutation where glutamic acid is replaced with va.line, allowing HbS to become susceptible to polymerization to give the HbS containing red blood cells having their characteristic sickle shape. The sickled cells are also more rigid than normal red blood cells, and their lack of flexibility can lead to blockage of blood vessels. U.S. 7,160,910 discloses compounds that are allosterie modulators of hemoglobin. However, a need exists for additional therapeutics that can treat disorders that are mediated by I-lb or by abnormal Hb such as HbS.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
100041 This invention relates generally to compositions suitable as allosteric modulators of hemoglobin (S). In some aspects, this invention relates to methods for treating disorders mediated by hemoglobin (S) and disorders that would benefit from tissue and/or cellular oxygenation.
100051 In further aspects, this invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising from about 1 mg to about 10 g of a compound selected from the group consisting ()la compound in Table 1 and at least a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
carrier or diluent.
100061 In still further aspects, this invention relates to a blood composition comprising blood and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of a compound in WO 2(114/15(1256 Table I, wherein said blood is comprised of red blood cells and plasma, and wherein at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 50%, yet more preferably at least 80%, and still more preferably at least 90% of said one or more compounds in the blood will bind to red blood cells containing hemoglobin (S) under physiological conditions.
100071 In further aspects of this invention, a blood composition is provided wherein said composition comprises a compound in Table 1 and blood, said blood comprising red blood cells comprising hemoglobin, at least a part of the hemoglobin being hemoglobin (S), and at least a part of said hemoglobin (S) is present as an adduct with said compound.
100081 In another aspect of the invention, provided herein are adducts of hemoglobin (S) and a compound selected from the group consisting of a compound in Table I.
[00091 In a preferred embodiment, a compound selected from the group consisting of Table I. present in the adduct of the red blood cells and Hb-S, has a volume of distribution between the vascular space and the extra-vascular space under steady state conditions such that at least a portion of the compound remains in the vascular space as part of said adduct. In one aspect, at least 20%, preferably at least 40%, yet more preferably at least 60%, still more preferably at least 80% and even more preferably at least 95% of said compound remains in the vascular space as part of said adduct.
100101 FIG. I graphically illustrates the high oral bioavailability, sustained exposure and dramatic RBC partitioning following single dose of GBT440. Certain relevant pharmacokinetic parameters are tabulated below:
(;I31-440 Rat Dog Monkey IV Dose (mg/kg) 1.6 PO Dose (mg/kg) 7.2 2.5 4.25 Oral bioavai lability (% 59.8 36.6 36.1 Whole Blood/Plasma Ratio 69.0 74.4 70.9 100111 In a further aspect, the invention relates to a method for treating a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutical
2 composition according to the invention. As used herein, a subject refers to a mammal, such as a primate, preferably a human.
100121 These and other aspects of the invention are further described below.
BRIEF DESCRIOPTION OF THE FIGURE
100131 FIG. I in parts A, B. and C graphically illustrates the high in vivo oral bioavailability, sustained exposure and the high RBC partitioning following single dose of GB1440.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Definitions 100141 it must be noted that. as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
Thus, for example, reference to "a solvent" includes a plurality of such solvents.
100151 As used herein, the term "comprising" or "comprises" is intended to mean that the compositions and methods include the recited elements, but not excluding others.
"Consisting essentially or when used to define compositions and methods, shall mean excluding other elements of any essential significance to the combination ibr the stated purpose. Thus, a composition or process consisting essentially of the elements as defined herein would not exclude other materials or steps that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed invention. "Consisting or shall mean excluding more than trace elements of other ingredients and substantial method steps.
Embodiments defined by each of these transition terms are within the scope of this invention.
100161 Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about.- Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations. Each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. The term "about" when used before a numerical designation, e.g., temperature, time, amount, and concentration, including range, indicates approximations which may vary by ( ) or - ) 10 %, 5 % or I %.
100121 These and other aspects of the invention are further described below.
BRIEF DESCRIOPTION OF THE FIGURE
100131 FIG. I in parts A, B. and C graphically illustrates the high in vivo oral bioavailability, sustained exposure and the high RBC partitioning following single dose of GB1440.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Definitions 100141 it must be noted that. as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
Thus, for example, reference to "a solvent" includes a plurality of such solvents.
100151 As used herein, the term "comprising" or "comprises" is intended to mean that the compositions and methods include the recited elements, but not excluding others.
"Consisting essentially or when used to define compositions and methods, shall mean excluding other elements of any essential significance to the combination ibr the stated purpose. Thus, a composition or process consisting essentially of the elements as defined herein would not exclude other materials or steps that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed invention. "Consisting or shall mean excluding more than trace elements of other ingredients and substantial method steps.
Embodiments defined by each of these transition terms are within the scope of this invention.
100161 Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about.- Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations. Each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. The term "about" when used before a numerical designation, e.g., temperature, time, amount, and concentration, including range, indicates approximations which may vary by ( ) or - ) 10 %, 5 % or I %.
3 100171 The term "pharmaceutically acceptable" refers to safe and non-toxic for in vivo, preferably, human administration.
100181 The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" refers to a salt that is pharmaceutically acceptable.
100191 The term "salt" refers to an ionic compound formed between an acid and a base.
When the compound provided herein contains an acidic functionality, such salts include, without limitation, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and ammonium salts. As used herein.
ammonium salts include, salts containing protonated nitrogen bases and alkylated nitrogen bases. Exemplary, and non-limiting cations useful in pharmaceutically acceptable salts include Na, K, RA), Cs, NH4, Ca, Ba, itnidazolium, and ammonium cations based on naturally occurring amino acids. When the compounds utilized herein contain basic functionality, such salts include, without limitation, salts of organic acids, such as caroboxylic acids and sulfonic acids, and mineral acids, such as hydrogen halides, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and the likes. Exemplary and non-limiting anions useful in pharmaceutically acceptable salts include oxalate, maleate, acetate, propionate, succinate, tartrate, chloride, sulfate, bisalfate, mono-, di-, and tribasic phosphate, mesylate, tosylate, and the likes.
100201 The term "whole blood" refers to blood containing all its natural constituents, components, or elements or a substantial amount of the natural constituents, components, or elements. For example, it is envisioned that some components may be removed by the purification process before administering the blood to a subject.
100211 The terms "treat", "treating" or "treatment". as used herein, include alleviating, abating or ameliorating a disease or condition or one or more symptoms thereof, preventing additional symptoms, ameliorating or preventing the underlying metabolic causes of symptoms, inhibiting the disease or condition, e.g., arresting or suppressing the development of the disease or condition, relieving the disease or condition, causing regression of the disease or condition, relieving a condition caused by the disease or condition, or suppressing the symptoms of' the disease or condition, and are intended to include prophylaxis. The terms also include relieving the disease or conditions, e.g., causing the regression of clinical symptoms. The terms further include achieving a therapeutic benefit and/or a prophylactic benefit. By therapeutic benefit is meant eradication or amelioration of the underlying disorder being treated. Also, a therapeutic benefit is achieved with the eradication or amelioration of one or more of the physiological symptoms associated with the underlying disorder such that
100181 The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" refers to a salt that is pharmaceutically acceptable.
100191 The term "salt" refers to an ionic compound formed between an acid and a base.
When the compound provided herein contains an acidic functionality, such salts include, without limitation, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and ammonium salts. As used herein.
ammonium salts include, salts containing protonated nitrogen bases and alkylated nitrogen bases. Exemplary, and non-limiting cations useful in pharmaceutically acceptable salts include Na, K, RA), Cs, NH4, Ca, Ba, itnidazolium, and ammonium cations based on naturally occurring amino acids. When the compounds utilized herein contain basic functionality, such salts include, without limitation, salts of organic acids, such as caroboxylic acids and sulfonic acids, and mineral acids, such as hydrogen halides, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and the likes. Exemplary and non-limiting anions useful in pharmaceutically acceptable salts include oxalate, maleate, acetate, propionate, succinate, tartrate, chloride, sulfate, bisalfate, mono-, di-, and tribasic phosphate, mesylate, tosylate, and the likes.
100201 The term "whole blood" refers to blood containing all its natural constituents, components, or elements or a substantial amount of the natural constituents, components, or elements. For example, it is envisioned that some components may be removed by the purification process before administering the blood to a subject.
100211 The terms "treat", "treating" or "treatment". as used herein, include alleviating, abating or ameliorating a disease or condition or one or more symptoms thereof, preventing additional symptoms, ameliorating or preventing the underlying metabolic causes of symptoms, inhibiting the disease or condition, e.g., arresting or suppressing the development of the disease or condition, relieving the disease or condition, causing regression of the disease or condition, relieving a condition caused by the disease or condition, or suppressing the symptoms of' the disease or condition, and are intended to include prophylaxis. The terms also include relieving the disease or conditions, e.g., causing the regression of clinical symptoms. The terms further include achieving a therapeutic benefit and/or a prophylactic benefit. By therapeutic benefit is meant eradication or amelioration of the underlying disorder being treated. Also, a therapeutic benefit is achieved with the eradication or amelioration of one or more of the physiological symptoms associated with the underlying disorder such that
4 an improvement is observed in the individual, notwithstanding that the individual is still afflicted with the underlying disorder. For prophylactic benefit, the compositions are administered to an individual at risk of developing a particular disease, or to an individual reporting one or more of the physiological symptoms of a disease, even though a diagnosis of this disease has not been made.
100221 The terms "preventing" or "prevention" refer to a reduction in risk of acquiring a disease or disorder (i.e., causing at least one of the clinical symptoms of the disease not to develop in a subject that may he exposed to or predisposed to the disease but does not yet experience or display symptoms of the disease). The terms further include causing the clinical symptoms not to develop, for example in a subject at risk of suffering from such a disease or disorder, thereby substantially averting onset of the disease or disorder.
100231 The term "effective amount" refers to an amount that is effective for the treatment of a condition or disorder by an intranasal administration of a compound or composition described herein. In some embodiments, an effective amount of any of the compositions or dosage forms described herein is the amount used to treat a disorder mediated by hemoglobin or a disorder that would benefit from tissue and/or cellular oxygenation of any of the compositions or dosage forms described herein to a subject in need thereof.
100241 The term "carrier" as used herein, refers to relatively nontoxic chemical compounds or agents that facilitate the incorporation of a compound into cells, e.g., red blood cells, or tissues.
Compounds 100251 A compound utilized herein is selected from Table 1 below or an N-oxide thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of each thereof. The N-oxides of the compounds set forth below are believed to be novel and each of the N-oxide compounds and their salts thereof form a further embodiment of the invention.
100261 The compounds in Table I represent compounds capable of meeting one or more biological criteria for activity as measured based on one or more biological parameters such as, but not limited to, partitioning between red blood cells and blood plasma.
volume of distribution, oxygen equilibrium curves, oxygen affinity and polymerization activity.
W02(114/15(1256 PCT/US2014/022733 Table I
Compound 1 Chemical Structure Chemical Name 1 =
I Number !
;
I , ;
....................................................................... i 1 i N"---<:-. 2-methoxy-51124 1 H-pyrazol-5-yOpyridin-3- i I
i N. .,-11,,õ..-,.* yllmethoxyjpyri di ne-4-carbaldehyde I, --, I I
I I , T
i 0 ss.
1 .
i 2 I 2-methoxy-5-[[5-(2-rnethylpyrazol-3- I
I
N ."... N'N yl)pyridin-3 -yl imethoxy]pyridine-4-I Ik ..--- carbaldehyde I .
I
! 1 i 1 0', N---:--;--. 2-inethoxy-5-R24 1-methylpyrazol-3-I ..--" i yl )pyrid in-3 -ylimethoxylpyri d ine-4-N¨N
carbaldehyde I
,--r)-)1 i , I N,...
[1 0N. .
I 4 I N ---:s"-',`,..1 2-metboxy-54[2-(2H-ietrazol-5-y1)pyridin-3 -N.,õ....,k.i,j I vl]methoxylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde . HN: "I
:
N::N
0 0 ' 1 ' = 0 1 -,.
I I
.............................. =
WO 2(114/15(1256 PCT/US2014/022733 , 2-methoxy-5-[[2-(4-methyl - 1H- p) ra/o1-5-:
I .
= ..---- 1 yl)pyrid in-3-A methoxy}pyridinc-4-carbakiehyde i i 1 N-NH !
I i ! 0 0 I
I
N---) 1 , 1 i . 1 i : N'..y#
I
I 6 N "...-- I 2-methoxy-5-[(2-pyrazol- I -ylpyridi n-3-N A,....-:::- . yDinethoxy]pyridine-4-carbaldehyde I
. 0 0 I r.--"k=}1 I
N'...õy1 I
100221 The terms "preventing" or "prevention" refer to a reduction in risk of acquiring a disease or disorder (i.e., causing at least one of the clinical symptoms of the disease not to develop in a subject that may he exposed to or predisposed to the disease but does not yet experience or display symptoms of the disease). The terms further include causing the clinical symptoms not to develop, for example in a subject at risk of suffering from such a disease or disorder, thereby substantially averting onset of the disease or disorder.
100231 The term "effective amount" refers to an amount that is effective for the treatment of a condition or disorder by an intranasal administration of a compound or composition described herein. In some embodiments, an effective amount of any of the compositions or dosage forms described herein is the amount used to treat a disorder mediated by hemoglobin or a disorder that would benefit from tissue and/or cellular oxygenation of any of the compositions or dosage forms described herein to a subject in need thereof.
100241 The term "carrier" as used herein, refers to relatively nontoxic chemical compounds or agents that facilitate the incorporation of a compound into cells, e.g., red blood cells, or tissues.
Compounds 100251 A compound utilized herein is selected from Table 1 below or an N-oxide thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of each thereof. The N-oxides of the compounds set forth below are believed to be novel and each of the N-oxide compounds and their salts thereof form a further embodiment of the invention.
100261 The compounds in Table I represent compounds capable of meeting one or more biological criteria for activity as measured based on one or more biological parameters such as, but not limited to, partitioning between red blood cells and blood plasma.
volume of distribution, oxygen equilibrium curves, oxygen affinity and polymerization activity.
W02(114/15(1256 PCT/US2014/022733 Table I
Compound 1 Chemical Structure Chemical Name 1 =
I Number !
;
I , ;
....................................................................... i 1 i N"---<:-. 2-methoxy-51124 1 H-pyrazol-5-yOpyridin-3- i I
i N. .,-11,,õ..-,.* yllmethoxyjpyri di ne-4-carbaldehyde I, --, I I
I I , T
i 0 ss.
1 .
i 2 I 2-methoxy-5-[[5-(2-rnethylpyrazol-3- I
I
N ."... N'N yl)pyridin-3 -yl imethoxy]pyridine-4-I Ik ..--- carbaldehyde I .
I
! 1 i 1 0', N---:--;--. 2-inethoxy-5-R24 1-methylpyrazol-3-I ..--" i yl )pyrid in-3 -ylimethoxylpyri d ine-4-N¨N
carbaldehyde I
,--r)-)1 i , I N,...
[1 0N. .
I 4 I N ---:s"-',`,..1 2-metboxy-54[2-(2H-ietrazol-5-y1)pyridin-3 -N.,õ....,k.i,j I vl]methoxylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde . HN: "I
:
N::N
0 0 ' 1 ' = 0 1 -,.
I I
.............................. =
WO 2(114/15(1256 PCT/US2014/022733 , 2-methoxy-5-[[2-(4-methyl - 1H- p) ra/o1-5-:
I .
= ..---- 1 yl)pyrid in-3-A methoxy}pyridinc-4-carbakiehyde i i 1 N-NH !
I i ! 0 0 I
I
N---) 1 , 1 i . 1 i : N'..y#
I
I 6 N "...-- I 2-methoxy-5-[(2-pyrazol- I -ylpyridi n-3-N A,....-:::- . yDinethoxy]pyridine-4-carbaldehyde I
. 0 0 I r.--"k=}1 I
N'...õy1 I
5.1[24 I ,5-dimethylpyrazol-4-yljpyrid in-3- .
..----N ylimethoxy]-2-methoxypyridine-4-N i --- I
I earbaidehyde I
r-)NN)ji I
Yi i 1 o i ___________ 8N-----z-N-=... 54[2-(2-ethylpyrazol-3-yl)pyridin-3-:
I 1 ylimethoxy}-2-inethoxypyridine-4-\
.. carbaldehyde ) 0 0 I
NC-.).....) I
0"...
j_I_ ............... i
..----N ylimethoxy]-2-methoxypyridine-4-N i --- I
I earbaidehyde I
r-)NN)ji I
Yi i 1 o i ___________ 8N-----z-N-=... 54[2-(2-ethylpyrazol-3-yl)pyridin-3-:
I 1 ylimethoxy}-2-inethoxypyridine-4-\
.. carbaldehyde ) 0 0 I
NC-.).....) I
0"...
j_I_ ............... i
6 9 -----... 2-methoxy-54[24.2-propaii-2-y I pyrato i-3-; 1 yl)pyridin-3-yllmet.hoxy]pyridine-41-,-, carbaldehyde 1,_; =-== t I ====,.
. ' s..."''... 0 0 , . J\ H
1 N)...,....-I I I
N--.."...- ; t ...........
2-tnethoxy-54(2-phenylpyridin-3-yl)methoxylpyridine-4-carbaldchyde i I I 0,. I 1 I
.,........!:
= 0 0 1 N,=,,,r ' 0,.., 2-methoxy-5-11[3-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazo1-3-yl)pyriclin4-yl1methoxylpyridine-4- i I ,\....7r---`----!--carbaldehyde NN- '-,-.
= 1 1 ...H...
0,...
, 12f\l`'-z-:C"--. f 2-hydroxy-64[2-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-.
=
I 1 yl)pyridin-3-ylimethoxAbenzaldelvde I -....., I
:
) I
14110 .
i .
, , , , ....................................................................... 1 WO 2(114/15(1256 PCT/US2014/022733 13 N¨".''N'',. i 2-methoxy-5-[(2-pyridin-3-ylpyridin-3- , i N'.......`-'- 1 yOmethoxylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde i i r - 1 N -, 1 0,,, 1. I4 INI 7), j . _____________ 2-methoxy-54[242-(2-rnethoxyethyl)pyrazol-(c-' ' 3.111pyridin-3-yllinethoxylpyridine-4--' ;\ carbaldehyde !
I
1 0 .
s.--.
15 N= 51[212-(2-hydroxyethy1)pyrazo1-3-yllpyridin-11 , .... õ..., 3-ylimeth.oxy:1-2-methoxypyridine-4- .
carbaldehyde N---NN) 0 0 HO--1 '' I
I NEY, 1 .
I __ 16 1 N"........::"C"1 ____________________________ 2-methoxy-5-[[2-(2-propy1pyrazo1-3- 1 I
c...TA) yppyridin-3-yi]meth.oxyipyridine-4---..õ
\ carbaldehyde , N---N\.. "=-=
I
I Ny 1 0 i `...
.1 WO 2(114/15(1256 PCT/US2014/022733 .......... , ......................................... - - - - -, 2-methoxy-5-112-12-(2.2.2-,.
N --::-c .-.... ..õ..,.....::::,-- tril1uoroethyl)pyrazol-3-yilpyriclii)-3-,...,....i.
ylimethoxylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde . N ., 0 0 , i F
I1 N,),,,,,, I
I .., I
18 N---z".= 5412-(2-cyclobtaylpyrazol-3-y1)pyridin-.
õ,,. yljmethoxy.1-2-methoxypyridine-4--N
I C-s'r L, 0 0 carbaldehyde 1 N \c3 J J
N::=,...rõ.. 1 19 (Th 5-[[242-cyclohexylpyrazol-3-yl)pyridin-3-! L---(/) N---:::::. yl]methoxy]-2-methoxypyridine-4-,N carbaldehyde N \ I
I
i ...................................................................... I
2 i ) rsi -'<kN 1 5-[[2[2-(cyclohexylmethyl)pyrazol-3-.
yljpyridin-3-yHmethoxy1-2-methoxypyridine- i 4-carbaldehyde IN:N,,_ ,..õ-=
ON, , ;
r"----' 5-R2-(2-cyclopentylpyrazoT3;71)p-TriciiI73-77 N -"...-z.-'-': yljrnethoxy1-2-rnethoxypyridine-4-= --..? I 1 . carbaldehyde 0 0 I i (--)\ ij !
õ,-"If 1 Nz-, ' !
--, i -1-) 1 51[242-(2.2-difluoroethyl)pyrazol-3-I ¨ N----"-',:s=
-1.1.,.., yllpyridin-3-ylimethoxy1-2-methoxypyridinc-!
. 4-carbaldehyde , N¨N\
I I
0,,,, 23i I N ""..".'-'->-. 1 2-methoxy-5-[[2-(2-rnethylphenyl)pyridin-3- 1 yijmethoxy]pyridine-4-carbaldehyde i 1 i -...,......--' 1"---Y1 N,..._,,.-',, 1 ..,õ.
, ...................................................................... i s I
24 0 N - - - . . > " -- - 2-methoxy-5412-(2-methoxypyridin-...õ..c- vl)pyridin-3-yrjniethoxylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde .
fYJI
, ! 11 0., II ............................... j 1.
WO 2(114/15(1256 :
-=:, 2-rnethoxy-5-[[3-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-.
-- N"--'"'---) =
I' il yOpyrazin-2-Amethoxylpyridine-4-N carbaldehyde 1._ 1 N\.0) 0 i W..
=,..
0 =
..,.. =
_______________________________________________________________________ 1 :
I ..
26 1 N'.- ; 2-(difluoromethoxy)-51[2-(2-propan-2-i \C=z''-(1......f.;>1 ylpyrazol-3-yHpyridin-3-yrimethoxy]pyridine-4-carbaldehyde .
=
i N-N).---- 0 0 1 i Nr.;;.,..:(1 i I
0,,,..F
i I
F
2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-54[2-(2-propan-2-l .."-- I ylpyrazol-3-yOpyridin-3-Amethoxylpyridirie- I
I \N¨N 4-carbaldehyde I
õr__ 0 .
il , , . , , 0, ......
. , , 28I N 21513-[(4-forrnyl-6-methoxypyridin-3-=
vl)oxyrnethyllpyridin-2-ylipyrazol-I-yi]acctic I
I
i 1 110-3.\\ 0 r.""--)1 I
Ny-I0,,...
WO 2(114/15(1256 PCT/US2014/022733 29 . ______________ N'..--""NNN. : 3-1.12-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazoi-3-y1)pyridin-3- .
, .
I
ylimetboxylpyridine-2-carbaldehyde i 1 N-tsi - '====0 )1 1 1 1 :
. i 30 N--"z"-=> ' 6-methy1-3-1[2-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-. yl)pyridin-3-yrlinethoxylpyridine-2-.
I . \
I carbaldehyde 1 1 'N¨N ---, 1 .
H ..................................................................... i 31 .----.. i 51[24.2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)pyridin-3-1 N ."-- I
--.1,.-&---P 1 I yl]metboxy.1-2-inethoxypyridine-4-OH
carbaldehyde ..õ
li ekT----i !
1 -, ___________ -r-32 N'''...." I Hp. 2-(2-tnethoxyethoxy)-5-1[2-(2-methylpyrazol-, 3-yl)pyridin-3-yllmethoxyipyricline-4-. !
i 1 carbaldehyde w_ N .., \
1 j'..i'l i Ny , .
.
0..
.......
I
.= I - .....
.= 0 . 1 , i 1 1 1 , 1 ........ 1 .................... i i .................................................................... 1 WO 2(114/15(1256 PCT/US2014/022733 . ; __ : 33 1 N'''''-'''''''. ' methyl 34513-1(4-tbrmy1-6-methoxypyridili- I
, 3-yl)oxymethyllpyridin-2-ylipyrazol- I --0--,...1,..,-- ---,---\ i 1 yllpropanoate :
:
I
0 W., . .s......,.
;
i 1 i It 1 34 N ''''l . 3-15-[3-[(4-formyl-6-methoxypyridin-3- 1 õ...yls. ..,.., yl)oxymethyllpyridin-2-y1 I .1pyrazol-1-(\ 1 yljpropanoic acid N¨Nõ., L.0 0 I
1 i 0 1 1 I
- i 1 HO NZ., I
0 .
'N. .
I
i 35 f\r---' I 3-hydroxy-5-[t2-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-===
yl)pyridin-3-yl]methoxyjpyridine-4-. -.., N
\ carbaldehyde -...
i I
N',..., ---i-1 N''''''.
I 1 3-methoxy-54[2-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-L I
yl)pyridin-3-yllmethoxylpyridine-4-( 1 i -.....7"--C¨N -.."- carbaldehyde \7---- 0 10 , N.c...Y :
i 0 i 1 1 1 i WO 2(114/15(1256 PCT/US2014/022733 .= 7 T
N ..--:-.... _ ____________ - 2-methoxy-54[244-methyl.-2-propari-2-''',N
l 1 <
1 i vlpyrazol-3-yl)pyridin-3-ylimethoxylpyridine-\ 1 ' 4-carbaldchyde N-N
. ' r ,0 9 , i Nz....:(,..-I
..."
. I
...Ii 38 I N---.'" 2-hydroxy-6-1[242-(2,2,2- I
!
, :
...-Ic.------ tritluoroethyl)pyrazol-3-yl]pyridin-3-L
N-N) yllmethoxylben.zaldehyde '0 0 F--kF ----"*C-r) Ii F
.
.;....s....,,,..,..., .
2-hydroxy-6-0-42-(3,3,3-i õIt. 1 trifluoropropyl)pyrazol-3-ylipyridin-3-I
1 N---N 1 ylimethoxylbenzaldehyde I
F 4.) 1 F
SI OH
i ¨r 40 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-51[242-(2,2,2-.
trifitioroethyl)pyraz.o1-3-Apyridin-3-, yljrnethoxy]pyridine-4-carbaldellyde ,_/...F e5...c) 1 !
i I 1 N)....,.. 1 0,......õ,....õ0., ..............
I.. ______________________________________________________________ I
WO 2(114/15(1256 PCT/US2014/022733 2-methoxy-54[242-(3,3,3-:
l . trifluoropropy)py-razol-3-yl]pyridin-3---, .
ylimethoxy]pyridine-4-carbaldehyde 1 ! F \IF) I 1 ij
. ' s..."''... 0 0 , . J\ H
1 N)...,....-I I I
N--.."...- ; t ...........
2-tnethoxy-54(2-phenylpyridin-3-yl)methoxylpyridine-4-carbaldchyde i I I 0,. I 1 I
.,........!:
= 0 0 1 N,=,,,r ' 0,.., 2-methoxy-5-11[3-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazo1-3-yl)pyriclin4-yl1methoxylpyridine-4- i I ,\....7r---`----!--carbaldehyde NN- '-,-.
= 1 1 ...H...
0,...
, 12f\l`'-z-:C"--. f 2-hydroxy-64[2-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-.
=
I 1 yl)pyridin-3-ylimethoxAbenzaldelvde I -....., I
:
) I
14110 .
i .
, , , , ....................................................................... 1 WO 2(114/15(1256 PCT/US2014/022733 13 N¨".''N'',. i 2-methoxy-5-[(2-pyridin-3-ylpyridin-3- , i N'.......`-'- 1 yOmethoxylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde i i r - 1 N -, 1 0,,, 1. I4 INI 7), j . _____________ 2-methoxy-54[242-(2-rnethoxyethyl)pyrazol-(c-' ' 3.111pyridin-3-yllinethoxylpyridine-4--' ;\ carbaldehyde !
I
1 0 .
s.--.
15 N= 51[212-(2-hydroxyethy1)pyrazo1-3-yllpyridin-11 , .... õ..., 3-ylimeth.oxy:1-2-methoxypyridine-4- .
carbaldehyde N---NN) 0 0 HO--1 '' I
I NEY, 1 .
I __ 16 1 N"........::"C"1 ____________________________ 2-methoxy-5-[[2-(2-propy1pyrazo1-3- 1 I
c...TA) yppyridin-3-yi]meth.oxyipyridine-4---..õ
\ carbaldehyde , N---N\.. "=-=
I
I Ny 1 0 i `...
.1 WO 2(114/15(1256 PCT/US2014/022733 .......... , ......................................... - - - - -, 2-methoxy-5-112-12-(2.2.2-,.
N --::-c .-.... ..õ..,.....::::,-- tril1uoroethyl)pyrazol-3-yilpyriclii)-3-,...,....i.
ylimethoxylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde . N ., 0 0 , i F
I1 N,),,,,,, I
I .., I
18 N---z".= 5412-(2-cyclobtaylpyrazol-3-y1)pyridin-.
õ,,. yljmethoxy.1-2-methoxypyridine-4--N
I C-s'r L, 0 0 carbaldehyde 1 N \c3 J J
N::=,...rõ.. 1 19 (Th 5-[[242-cyclohexylpyrazol-3-yl)pyridin-3-! L---(/) N---:::::. yl]methoxy]-2-methoxypyridine-4-,N carbaldehyde N \ I
I
i ...................................................................... I
2 i ) rsi -'<kN 1 5-[[2[2-(cyclohexylmethyl)pyrazol-3-.
yljpyridin-3-yHmethoxy1-2-methoxypyridine- i 4-carbaldehyde IN:N,,_ ,..õ-=
ON, , ;
r"----' 5-R2-(2-cyclopentylpyrazoT3;71)p-TriciiI73-77 N -"...-z.-'-': yljrnethoxy1-2-rnethoxypyridine-4-= --..? I 1 . carbaldehyde 0 0 I i (--)\ ij !
õ,-"If 1 Nz-, ' !
--, i -1-) 1 51[242-(2.2-difluoroethyl)pyrazol-3-I ¨ N----"-',:s=
-1.1.,.., yllpyridin-3-ylimethoxy1-2-methoxypyridinc-!
. 4-carbaldehyde , N¨N\
I I
0,,,, 23i I N ""..".'-'->-. 1 2-methoxy-5-[[2-(2-rnethylphenyl)pyridin-3- 1 yijmethoxy]pyridine-4-carbaldehyde i 1 i -...,......--' 1"---Y1 N,..._,,.-',, 1 ..,õ.
, ...................................................................... i s I
24 0 N - - - . . > " -- - 2-methoxy-5412-(2-methoxypyridin-...õ..c- vl)pyridin-3-yrjniethoxylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde .
fYJI
, ! 11 0., II ............................... j 1.
WO 2(114/15(1256 :
-=:, 2-rnethoxy-5-[[3-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-.
-- N"--'"'---) =
I' il yOpyrazin-2-Amethoxylpyridine-4-N carbaldehyde 1._ 1 N\.0) 0 i W..
=,..
0 =
..,.. =
_______________________________________________________________________ 1 :
I ..
26 1 N'.- ; 2-(difluoromethoxy)-51[2-(2-propan-2-i \C=z''-(1......f.;>1 ylpyrazol-3-yHpyridin-3-yrimethoxy]pyridine-4-carbaldehyde .
=
i N-N).---- 0 0 1 i Nr.;;.,..:(1 i I
0,,,..F
i I
F
2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-54[2-(2-propan-2-l .."-- I ylpyrazol-3-yOpyridin-3-Amethoxylpyridirie- I
I \N¨N 4-carbaldehyde I
õr__ 0 .
il , , . , , 0, ......
. , , 28I N 21513-[(4-forrnyl-6-methoxypyridin-3-=
vl)oxyrnethyllpyridin-2-ylipyrazol-I-yi]acctic I
I
i 1 110-3.\\ 0 r.""--)1 I
Ny-I0,,...
WO 2(114/15(1256 PCT/US2014/022733 29 . ______________ N'..--""NNN. : 3-1.12-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazoi-3-y1)pyridin-3- .
, .
I
ylimetboxylpyridine-2-carbaldehyde i 1 N-tsi - '====0 )1 1 1 1 :
. i 30 N--"z"-=> ' 6-methy1-3-1[2-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-. yl)pyridin-3-yrlinethoxylpyridine-2-.
I . \
I carbaldehyde 1 1 'N¨N ---, 1 .
H ..................................................................... i 31 .----.. i 51[24.2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)pyridin-3-1 N ."-- I
--.1,.-&---P 1 I yl]metboxy.1-2-inethoxypyridine-4-OH
carbaldehyde ..õ
li ekT----i !
1 -, ___________ -r-32 N'''...." I Hp. 2-(2-tnethoxyethoxy)-5-1[2-(2-methylpyrazol-, 3-yl)pyridin-3-yllmethoxyipyricline-4-. !
i 1 carbaldehyde w_ N .., \
1 j'..i'l i Ny , .
.
0..
.......
I
.= I - .....
.= 0 . 1 , i 1 1 1 , 1 ........ 1 .................... i i .................................................................... 1 WO 2(114/15(1256 PCT/US2014/022733 . ; __ : 33 1 N'''''-'''''''. ' methyl 34513-1(4-tbrmy1-6-methoxypyridili- I
, 3-yl)oxymethyllpyridin-2-ylipyrazol- I --0--,...1,..,-- ---,---\ i 1 yllpropanoate :
:
I
0 W., . .s......,.
;
i 1 i It 1 34 N ''''l . 3-15-[3-[(4-formyl-6-methoxypyridin-3- 1 õ...yls. ..,.., yl)oxymethyllpyridin-2-y1 I .1pyrazol-1-(\ 1 yljpropanoic acid N¨Nõ., L.0 0 I
1 i 0 1 1 I
- i 1 HO NZ., I
0 .
'N. .
I
i 35 f\r---' I 3-hydroxy-5-[t2-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-===
yl)pyridin-3-yl]methoxyjpyridine-4-. -.., N
\ carbaldehyde -...
i I
N',..., ---i-1 N''''''.
I 1 3-methoxy-54[2-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-L I
yl)pyridin-3-yllmethoxylpyridine-4-( 1 i -.....7"--C¨N -.."- carbaldehyde \7---- 0 10 , N.c...Y :
i 0 i 1 1 1 i WO 2(114/15(1256 PCT/US2014/022733 .= 7 T
N ..--:-.... _ ____________ - 2-methoxy-54[244-methyl.-2-propari-2-''',N
l 1 <
1 i vlpyrazol-3-yl)pyridin-3-ylimethoxylpyridine-\ 1 ' 4-carbaldchyde N-N
. ' r ,0 9 , i Nz....:(,..-I
..."
. I
...Ii 38 I N---.'" 2-hydroxy-6-1[242-(2,2,2- I
!
, :
...-Ic.------ tritluoroethyl)pyrazol-3-yl]pyridin-3-L
N-N) yllmethoxylben.zaldehyde '0 0 F--kF ----"*C-r) Ii F
.
.;....s....,,,..,..., .
2-hydroxy-6-0-42-(3,3,3-i õIt. 1 trifluoropropyl)pyrazol-3-ylipyridin-3-I
1 N---N 1 ylimethoxylbenzaldehyde I
F 4.) 1 F
SI OH
i ¨r 40 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-51[242-(2,2,2-.
trifitioroethyl)pyraz.o1-3-Apyridin-3-, yljrnethoxy]pyridine-4-carbaldellyde ,_/...F e5...c) 1 !
i I 1 N)....,.. 1 0,......õ,....õ0., ..............
I.. ______________________________________________________________ I
WO 2(114/15(1256 PCT/US2014/022733 2-methoxy-54[242-(3,3,3-:
l . trifluoropropy)py-razol-3-yl]pyridin-3---, .
ylimethoxy]pyridine-4-carbaldehyde 1 ! F \IF) I 1 ij
7 I
"-----".
i I
F..-I i N.;-...,..,õ
I 1 I i , I ON.
i .................................. I
1 42 N-"-....."- 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-54[2-12-(3,3,3-tritluoropropyl)pyrazol-3-yllpyridin-3-Amethoxylpyridine-4-earbaldehyde i I
N\) 'N. 0 io I
FF
\ ..b.
I
r 1 , F N,) =
I I
I
t-43N ---.-...'. 6-methyl-3-[[2-[2-(2,2,2-I
...õ...9-' tritluoroethyl)pyrazol-3-yljpyri din-3-I ' \--.., yllmethoxylpyridine-2-carbaidehyde N --N) `NO 0 F---1/4.-F .=-''' J 1 , F &
I .
! i 44NAN%'N`-. 6-methy1-31[212-(3,3,3- ' rifluoropropyl)pyrazol-3-yljpyridin-3-VI linethoxylpyridine-2-carbaldehyde 1 0 , 1 Fi =NYjj = i I
I F 1,../.,N
, I ................................................................. 1 .......... , ....................
2-11tioro-6-R242-(2,2,2-trilluoroethyl)p> razol- !
i 3-ylJpyridin-3-yl]methoxylbenzaidehyde co o 1 I
ji i F ---,----- ---,i 1 F
i I="=-=-=== = F
I
__________ ---r !
46 i N'- 1. 2-fluoro-6-[[242-(3,3,3-= .//'-'"-.71 1 trilluoropropyl)pyrazol-3-Apyridin-3-\\ i I y-limethoxylbenzaldehyde N-N ---, 1 0 0 :
F.
I F \i----) --.:21 i--.'"ij .
F
47 --1:-. 34[242-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrazol-3-yilpyridin-3-ylimethoxylpyridine-2- :
\\ carbaklehyde N -N
LFI a) ' '-.... N
I .."
48 I N'-`,.`= I 3-[[21:2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)pyrazol-3-'-'7=Y'''\\ I ''''' Apyridin-3-yllmethoxyjpyridine-2-carbaldehyde F F) I
I
i I
49 N '''`','" 1 3-chloro-5-[[2-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-Apyridin-3-ylimethoxy-lpyridine-4-.
:
carbaldehyde " ).-----µ"0 0 i I
1 ..)--...õ-ji r 1 WO 2(114/15(1256 N 2-fluoro-6-11:2-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-yi)pyridin-3-yllmethoxyibenzaldehyde iI
\\
N¨Ny 0 F
51 N ____________ 3-methy1-54[2-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-yl)pyridin-3-y1]methoxy]pyridine-4-., carbaldehyde N
3-methy1-5-11.242-(2,2,2-I
e vit.! uoroethyppyrazol-3-ylipyridin-3-yl]methoxy Jpyridine-4-carbaldehyde N-N
100271 In a preferred embodiment, the compound is compound 12.
Pharmaceutical Compositions [00281 In further aspects of the invention, a composition is provided comprising any of the compounds described herein, and at least a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient wherein the compound of Table 1 is present in the composition in an amount from 1 mg to 10 g.
100291 In another aspect, this invention provides a composition comprising any of the compounds described herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
100301 Such compositions can be formulated for different routes of administration.
Although compositions suitable for oral delivery will probably be used most frequently, other routes that may be used include transdermal, intravenous, intraarterial, pulmonary, rectal, nasal, vaginal, lingual, intramuscular, intraperitonea], intracutaneous, intracranial, and subcutaneous routes. Suitable dosage forms for administering any of the compounds WO 2(114/15(1256 described herein include tablets, capsules, pills, powders. aerosols, suppositories. parenterals.
and oral liquids, including suspensions, solutions and emulsions. Sustained release dosage forms may also be used, tbr example, in a transdermal patch form. All dosage forms may be prepared using methods that are standard in the art (see e.g., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16th ed.õA.. Oslo editor, Easton Pa. 1980).
100311 Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients are non-toxic, aid administration, and do not adversely affect the therapeutic benefit of the compound of this invention.
Such excipients may be any solid, liquid, semi-solid or, in the case of an aerosol composition, g,aseous excipient that is generally available to one of skill in the art.
Pharmaceutical compositions in accordance with the invention are prepared by conventional means using methods known in the art.
100321 The compositions disclosed herein may be used in conjunction with any of the vehicles and excipients commonly employed in pharmaceutical preparations, e.g., talc, gum arabic, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, cocoa butter, aqueous or non-aqueous solvents, oils, paraffin derivatives, glycols, etc. Coloring and flavoring agents may also be added to preparations, particularly to those for oral administration. Solutions can be prepared using water or physiologically compatible organic solvents such as ethanol, 1,2-propylene Qlycol, polyglycols, dirnethylsullbxide, fatty alcohols, triglycerides, partial esters of glycerin and the like.
100331 Solid pharmaceutical excipients include starch, cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, talc, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, magnesium stearate, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, sodium chloride, dried skim milk and the like.
Liquid and semisolid excipients may be selected from glycerol, propylene glycol, water.
ethanol and various oils, including those of petroleum, animal. vegetable or synthetic origin.
e g., peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil, etc. In certain embodiments, the compositions provided herein comprises one or more of a-tocopherol, gum (rabic, and/or hydroxypropyl cellulose.
100341 In one embodiment, this invention provides sustained release formulations such as drug depots or patches comprising an effective amount of a compound provided herein. In another embodiment, the patch fUrther comprises gum Arabic or hydroxypropyl cellulose separately or in combination, in the presence of alpha-tocopherol. Preferably, the WO 2(114/15(1256 hydroxypropyl cellulose has an average MW of from 10,000 to 100,000. In a more preferred embodiment, the hydroxypropyl cellulose has an average MW of from 5,000 to 50.000.
[00351 Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may be used alone or in combination with other compounds. When administered with another agent, the co-administration can be in any manner in which the pharmacological effects or both are manifest in the patient at the same time. Thus. co-administration does not require that a single pharmaceutical composition, the same dosage form, or even the same route or administration be used for administration of both the compound of this invention and the other agent or that the two agents be administered at precisely the same time.
However, Co.
administration will be accomplished most conveniently by the same dosage form and the same route of administration, at substantially the same time. Obviously, such administration most advantageously proceeds by delivering both active ingredients simultaneously in a novel pharmaceutical composition in accordance with the present invention.
100361 In further aspects of the invention, one or more adducts of a compound selected from Table 1 that is bound to hemoglobin S is contemplated. In one embodiment, the adduct is formed from compound 12 and hemoglobin S.
Methods of Treatment 100371 This invention provides a method for increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of erythryocytes. In certain embodiments, the invention is related to a method of treating red blood cells or whole blood in vivo, in vitro, in situ or ex vivo with one or more compounds or pharmaceutical compositions of the invention by administering or contacting said one or more compound or pharmaceutical compositions with blood and especially blood containing hemoglobin (S).
100381 In some embodiments, a method for ex vivo storage and/or use of the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the invention is contemplated in which the compounds and/or pharmaceutical compositions are combined with whole blood for use in procedures such as, but not limited to, autologous or non-autologous blood transfusions, coronary bypass surgery, and any extracorporeal procedure involving perfusion and/or reperfusion of blood to a subject. In certain embodiments, the compounds and/or pharmaceutical compositions may be combined with whole blood for storage purposes.
WO 2(114/15(1256 100391 In another of this method aspects, this invention is directed to a method tor treating a subject in need thereof (e.g., sickle cell anemia) by administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition of this invention.
In one preferred aspect, the pharmaceutical composition comprises from about 0.1 mg/kg to about Iglu per day, more preferably, about I mg/kg/day to about I 00 mg/kg/day of a compound or compounds of Table 1.
100401 In aspects of the invention, a method is provided for increasing oxygen affinity of hemoglobin S in a subject, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition of this invention or a blood composition comprising one or more compounds of Table L In a preferred embodiment, the blood composition is free of hemoglobin (S).
10(3411 In aspects of the invention, a method is provided for treating a condition associated with oxygen deficiency, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of either the pharmaceutical or the blood composition described above.
100421 In further aspects of the invention, a method is provided for treating oxygen deficiency associated with sickle cell anemia, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of either the pharmaceutical or the blood composition described above.
100431 Additionally, the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can be added to whole blood or packed cells preferably at thc time of storage or at the time of transfUsion. In some embodiments, the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions may he added to whole blood or red blood cell fractions in a closed system using an appropriate reservoir in which the compound or pharmaceutical composition is placed prior to storage or which is present in the anticoatzulating solution in the blood collecting bag.
!...;vnthetie Methods 100441 The synthesis of the compounds of Table I are described in U.S. Patent Serial Nos.
61/661,320 and 61/581,053, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entireties, for the sole purpose of describing the synthesis of these compounds.
WO 2(114/15(1256 EXAMPLES
100451 The following examples are given for the purpose of illustrating various embodiments of the invention. They are not meant to limit the invention in any fashion. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention is well adapted to carry out the objects and obtain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well any objects, ends and advantages inherent herein. The present examples (along with the methods described herein) are presently representative of preferred embodiments. They are exemplary. and are not intended as limitations on the scope of the invention. 'Variations and other uses which are encompassed within the spirit of the invention as defined by the scope of the claims will occur to those skilled in the art.
,Example 1 100461 The compounds provided in the present invention are allosteric modulators of hemoglobin. As such, these compounds do not modulate red blood cells by themselves.
Instead, the response of red blood cells to a concentration of hemoglobin is increased when compounds of Table I are present. Compounds of Table I are expected to have their effect on red blood cells by virtue of their ability to enhance the function of hemoglobin.
100471 This experiment was established and used in order to assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of the compounds.
100481 Sample collection and data analysis: Rats (Sprague-Dawley, male, 8-12 weeks old) were dosed with one of three compounds corresponding to compound 12, compound 22 or compound 23. The rats received oral (I Omg/kg) or intravenous (I mg/kg) doses of the compound. Rats were fasted overnight before the experiments and provided with food after the 2 hour sampling time point.
100491 Blood samples were collected at different time points. Blood was anti-coagulated by 3.2% ISC (trisodiurn citrate) and a portion was separated into plasma fraction by centrifugation and removal of blood cells. Plasma and lysed blood samples were analyzed for drug concentration using LC-MS/MS. PK parameters were calculated by non compartmental analysis of the concentration-time profiles using WinNonLin software (Pharsight, Mountain View, CA). Apparent elimination half-life (tu2) values were calculated as in(2)1. Area under the concentration-time curve (ACC) values were estimated using the WO 2(114/15(1256 PCT/US2014/022733 linear trapezoidal method. AIX!1 values were calculated from the dosing time to the last measurable concentration. AUCinf values were calculated as the sum of the corresponding AUCIas, and the ratio of the last detectable concentration divided by k.
Plasma clearance (Cl) is calculated from Dose/AIJCinf. Volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) is calculated from Mean Residence Timeinf x Cis,. Maximum concentration (Cmax) and time to C.õ,õ, (T,õ,,,) was recorded as observed. The blood/plasma partitioning ratio was calculated at each experimental time point.
100501 Results: Table 2 summarizes select PK parameters tbr the compounds listed below:
Table 2 1 õ . PK Parameter 12 22 23 V(I/kg) 0.14 3.1 3.15 CI (mliminIkg) 0.11 9 13.7 Bioavailability (%) 68.8 6.6 1.8 Blood/plasma (Ratio of peak concentration) 21 5 1 1 Blood/plasma (Ratio of exposure AUCINO 55 33j 4 _________________________________________________________ =
100511 The volume of distribution for compound 12 is 0.14L/kg which indicates that it is not significantly distributed into extravascular space in rats (control normal Vz ::: 0.11.11(g).
Higher V,s are observed for two related compounds (compound 22 and compound 23, 3.1 and 3.15, respectively), indicating that these compounds are more likely to distribute into the extravascular space and additional compartments than compound 12.
100521 However, when the red blood cell compartment is considered, compound 12 unexpectedly partitions into blood to a far greater extent than compound 22 or compound 23.
\Vhen the compounds are dosed orally, the relative proportion in blood (as compared to plasma) at peak concentration (C,õaõ) were much higher for compound 12 (21-fold) than for compound 22 (5-fold) or compound 23 (3-fold). When the red blood cell/plasma ratio was measured at the peak concentration, compound 12 partitioned at a ratio of 70 to 1 into the erythrocytes attesting to its preferential partition into the compartment which contains the drug target hemoglobin. Supportive data was reported in an in vitro system measuring binding of compound 12 to hemoglobin and human serum albumin. In this functional assay, WO 2(114/15(1256 when both proteins are present in their respective physiologic ratio. compound demonstrated preferentially binding to hemoglobin.
100531 Another surprising and unexpected observation was detected when overall exposure was tracked in animals dosed orally with compound 12. There was a 55-fold higher level of compound in blood than in plasma compared with blood/plasma ratios for compound 22 (5-fold) or compound 23 (1-fold).
1005.11 The ability of compound 12 to partition preferentially in red blood cells has also been confirmed in mice treated intravenously. A ratio of blood/plasma of 15.4 (at peak in vivo concentration) and 30 (at overall exposure) was observed in mice.
Analogous to the measurements in rats, the volume of distribution (Vss) was low in mice (0.10).
Thus, compound 12 is not expected to broadly distribute into extravascular space in mice.
100551 In conclusion, the results shown in Table 2 demonstrate that the lack of compound 12 distribution into extrava.scular tissues (low Vss) combined with selective partitioning into the target compartment (red blood cells) provide a potential basis for reduced toxicity.
100561 Accordingly, provided herein are blood compositions comprising one or more compounds selected from Table 1, and blood, wherein in the blood, at least 30%
of the compound or compounds are bound to the red blood cells present in the blood.
Example 2 100571 Another series of assays were conducted in order to assess additional pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of the compounds from Example 1.
Reverse Hemox Assay 100581 Oxygen Equilibrium Curves (OEC) of whole blood before and after treatment with different concentrations of compounds 12, 22 and 23 were performed as follows using a HEMOX analyzer (TCS Scientific, New Hope, PA). Blood samples from homozygous sickle eel] patients were obtained though the Hemoglobinopathy Center at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORD with Institutional Review Board approval.
The hematocrit was adjusted to 20% using autologous plasma and the blood samples were incubated for 1 hour at 37 'V in absence or presence of compounds. 100 1.d of these samples were added to 5 ml.. of Hemox buffer (30 rnM TES. 130 mM NaCI, 5 mM KCI, pH:::
7.4) at WO 2(114/15(1256 37 C and then transferred to the Hemox sample chamber. The samples were saturated with oxygen by flushing with compressed air for 10 minutes. The samples were then flushed with pure nitrogen and the respective absorbances of oxy- and deoxy-Hb are recorded as a function of the solution p02. The oxygen equilibrium data were then fined to the Hill Model to obtain values for p50. The deoxygcnation curves for both whole blood alone (control) and whole blood in the presence of the compound were collected with the TCS
software, 100591 Results: Table 3 below lists the delta p50% values where "+" indicates a delta p50% of between 0 and 29, "++" indicates a delta p50% of between 30 and 50, and "-H-+"
indicates a delta p50% of 50 or greater. A positive delta p50 value corresponds to a left shifted curve and a lower p50 value relative to control, indicating that the compound acts to modulate Hb(S) to increase its affinity for oxygen, R/T Assay 100601 A relaxed-to-tense transition assay ("RIF assay") was used to determine the ability of compounds 12. 22 and 23 to mantain the high-oxygen affinity relaxed (R) state of hemoglobin under deoxygenated conditions. This ability can be expressed as a "delta R."
value (i.e., the change in the time-period of the R. state after hemoglobin is treated with a compound, as compared to the period without treatment with the comound). Delta R is the %R to remaining after the compounds treatment compared with no treatment (e.g.
if R%
without treatment is 8% while with treatment with a target compound is 48% R
at 30 M, then %R is 40% for that compound.
[00611 A mixture of ElbS/A was purified from blood obtained from homozygous sickle cell patients though the Hemoglobinopathy Center at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORD with Institutional Review Board approval. libS/A (at a final concentration of 3 uM) was incubated for 1 hr at 37 C in presence or absence of compounds in 501.04 potassium phosphate buffer, pH=7.4 and 30 pM 2, 3 diphosphoglycerate (DPG) in 96 well plates in a final volume of 160 p.1. Compounds were added at different concentrations (3 1.1M
to 100 p.M final concentrations). Plates were covered with a Mylar film. After incubation was completed the Mylar cover was removed and the plates were placed in a Spectrostar Nano plate reader previously heated at 37 C. Five minutes later, N.) (flow rate ¨ 20 Umin) was flowed through the spectrophotometer. Spectroscopic measurements (300 nm to 700 WO 2(114/15(1256 am) were taken every 5 min for 2 hours. Data analysis was performed by using linear regression from the data retrieved for all wavelengths.
100621 Results: Table 3 below lists the delta R values where ÷+" indicates a delta R of between 0 and 30. "++" indicates a delta It of between 30 and 50, and "'4-+"+" indicates a delta R of 50 or greater.
Polvmeyization As.sav 100631 Polymerization assays are carried out in vitro using purified FibS
exchanged into 1.8 M potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. Using a slightly modified protocol (Antonini and Brunori, 1971), I113S is purified by the C:RO VIRUSYS, from blood obtained from homozygous sickle cell patients through the Hemoglobinopathy Center at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORD with Institutional Review Board approval.
Compounds are prepared in 100% .DMS0 and a desired amount is added to 50 tiM of purified FIB at a final DMSO concentration of 0.3%. Final potassium phosphate concentration is adjusted to 1.8 M using a combination of 2.5 M potassium phosphate stock solution and water at 7.4.
The reaction mixture is incubated thr an hour at 37 C and then transferred into a 24-well plate for deoxygenation in a glove box containing 99.5 % nitrogen and 0.5%
oxygen. The 24-well plate is not covered and incubated at 4 "C on a plate cooler inside the glove box tbr one and a half hours. Fifty ut of the reaction mixture is transferred into a 96-we1l plate arid the absorbance at 700 urn is measured every minute for one hour at 37 "C in a plate reader located inside the glove box. A plot of the absorbance against time is fitted using a Boltzman sigmoidal fit and the delay time (from zero to time at half Vmax) is measured.
To compare and rank compounds, delay times arc expressed as percent delay (%DT), which is defined as the difference in delay times tbr HbSicompound and FIB alone multiplied by 100 and divided by the delay time for HbS alone.
100641 Results: Compounds listed below have been tested in the polymerization assay.
Activity ranges are defined by the number of dagger (t) symbols indicated. t denotes activity > 40% but -z; 80%; ft denotes activity > 80% but 120%; i"I't denotes activity > 120% but < 140%; till` denotes activity > 160%.
Table 3 In limo Assay Parameter I Unit 12 22 23 Reverse fiemox (1 mN,1) r (delta p50%) 79.83 (+++) 68.69 (+++) 72.45 R-T (91iM) (delta R) 65.45 (-H-+) 31.02 (+1-) 37.15 (++) R-T (10uAl) (delta R) 62.75 (+++) 36.25 (++) 51.55 (+++) Polymerization ( 75 uNl) (% DT) 108.56 (tt) 90.22 (-ill ; 98.19 0-11 Example 3 100651 Another set of assays was conducted to determine the effect of compounds of the invention on the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin and theological properties of blood.
Oxygen Dissociation Assay 100661 In a 96-well format oxygen dissociation assay (ODA), compounds 5, 9, and 12 were all more potent at increasing the oxygen affinity of HbS than 5-hydroxy furfural (5-HME), an agent currently being tested in clinical trials in patients with sickle cell disease.
190671 Results: Table 4 below lists the change in oxygen affinity (Aoxy state). After two hours of passive deoxygenation, compound 12, at an equimolar concentration to lib, increased the lib oxygen affinity by 6-fold. Even when compound 12 was present at substoichiometric concentrations (ratio of compound 12 to Fib of 1:3), there was a two-fold improvement in oxygen affinity for Hb that translates to 16% more oxygenated llb present.
100681 The agents were then assayed in a ICS Hemox analyzer using pun i tied lib at 25 t.tM. At a compound 12:Hb ratio of 1:3, the oxygen affinity was improved by 15%, while at stoichiometric concentrations, the improvement in oxygen affinity was greater than 70%
when compared to the Hb control.
Reverse Hemox Assay 100691 Reverse hemox assay was performed essentially as described in Example 2. above.
using either washed red blood cells or whole blood.
(00701 Results: Table 4. below, indicates the percent change in p50 (delta p50%) for each compound tested. In the washed red blood cells (RBCs), 5-11MF, compound 5, and compound 12 (I rnIVI compound) gave p50 of 20, 9 and 7 mm Hg, respectively, compared to the control red blood cells (delta p50 = 30 mm Hg). To determine the effects of plasma proteins on compound activity. OECs were measured in whole blood from sickle cell disease patients. 5-HMF, compound 5, compound 9, and compound 12 gave p50 of 27, 18, 11 and 6 mm Hg, respectively, compared to the control blood p50 of 30 mm Viscosity Assay 10071] Sickle cell disease patients develop anemia as a means for the circulatory system to compensate for increase in blood viscosity caused by the non-deformable sickle cell red blood cells (ssRBCs). The effects of 5-HMF, compound 5, compound 9, or compound 12 were tested on sickle cell disease patient blood rheology to determine if these compounds decrease the viscosity of ssRBCs that have undergone hypoxia. Using blood from patients with sickle cell disease, whole blood (30% hematocrit, ¨1,5mM Hb) was incubated with 5-HMI:. compound 5, compound 9, or compound 12 during exposure to two hours of hypoxia (2.4% 02). A cone-plate viscometer was used to measure the viscosity at shear rates ram4in12.
from 60 s'i to 415 s."1.
[00721 Results: Table 4 below lists the change in centipoise (Ad') values for each compound. The compounds of the invention dramatically improved blood viscosity. For example, compound 12 improved (decreased) viscosity from 6.33 cP (no compound 12) to 4.32 cP (equimolar compound 12). A cP of 3.69 is the average viscosity Ibr normoxic sickle cell disease blood. Such an improvement in blood viscosity has the potential to decrease the residence time for ssRBCs in hypoxic tissue, and allow for a lower level of polymerization in individual red blood cells during their transit through hypoxic tissue. In addition, compound 12 has been shown to delay polymerization and sickling of red blood cells from sickle cell disease patients. All these properties indicate that compound 12 could elicit a drastic decrease in flbS polymer concentration, decreasing the likelihood of forming the rigid cells which cause vaso occlusion in patients with sickle cell disease.
Table Assay Hb in ODA Washed RBC Whole Blood Viscosity OEC OEC
unit (Aoxy state) (delta p50%) (delta p50%) (AcP) 1111,1 3ttM 1mM 1mM 1.5m114 lcmp 1tv1 31iM 1mM 3mM - 1mM 3mM I .6mM 8mM
r----5-HMF <1 <1 30 NA 10 47 0.04 1.4 2 10 - NA1 NA 49 71 NA >2.4 69 NA 63 >80 1,3 >2.4 =
____________________________ 4 ..
12 16 56 76 1 NA 80 >80 2.0 >2.4 I
Example 4 100731 Another set of assays was performed to determine the effectiveness of compound 12 and 5-HMF at delaying in vitro polymerization and preventing sickling of red blood cells.
Polymerization Assay 100741 The ability of 5-HMF and compound 12 to delay HbS polymerization was evaluated as described in Example 2, above. Purified HbS (50 uM) was pre-incubated with 25 uM, 50 1.1.M, or 100 AN4 of 5-HMF or compound 12, then passively de-oxygenated at 4 C in 1.8 M
potassium phosphate. Polymerization was induced via temperature jump from 4 "C
to 37 'C.
Polymerization was quantified based on turbidity of the HbS solution under continued hypoxia.
100751 Results: Table 5 below lists the delay (minutes) in polymerization for each compound tested. Table 6 lists the delay in polymerization by carbon monoxide (CO) liganded HbA, a well characterized inhibitor of HbS polymerization in both intracellular and in vitro assays. DT: delay time. Compound 12 delayed IlbS polymerization in a dose-dependent manner. Polymerization delay for untreated HbS control was relatively longer than that observed by active de-oxygenation using dithionite or laser treatment. However, compound 12 delayed HbS polymerization to a similar extent as CO-liganded HbA.
WO 2(114/15(1256 SigKir.2.-AtWY5 [00761 For sickling experiments, red blood cells were pre-incubated with compound 12 or 5-1-IM1', then subjected to hypoxia (1)02 of ¨30 mmHg.) in a 37 'C. humidified chamber for 0.5 hr and subsequently imaged using a light microscope. The percentage of sickled cells in each image was calculated using CeilVigene software.
100771 Results: Table 5 below lists the effect of each compound on the percent of sickled red blood cells. HCT: hematocrit. Compound 12 prevented sickling of RBCs under hypoxia suggesting that compound 12 has the ability to prevent intracellular libS
polymerization. In this sickling assay, red blood cells were exposed to hypoxia tbr a much longer time than typical red blood cell transit time through microcirculation (less than a minute), thus much less compound may be required to prevent sickling under physiological conditions.
Table 5 Assay Polymerization Siekling Unit IiTcnipd-DTtnis (min) (Y0 sickled) 111bS1 ;,IN1 ¨1 mM (20% !ACT) 1Cmpd1 25 ItNi 10 pM = I 00 MM 1 mM 2 mM 5 mM
Cmpd 12 3.9 12.8 1 22.9 1 1.8 6.3 76 65 50 No Cmpd 0 0 0 85 1 85 85 Table 6 IAssay Polymerization Unit DTubsilibA-DTubs (min) 111b1 Total 50 urs.4 % HbA 20% 30% 1 40%
HbA-CO
100781 From the foregoing it will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention.
WO 2(114/15(1256 100791 Throughout the description of this invention, reference is made to various patent applications and publications, each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
"-----".
i I
F..-I i N.;-...,..,õ
I 1 I i , I ON.
i .................................. I
1 42 N-"-....."- 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-54[2-12-(3,3,3-tritluoropropyl)pyrazol-3-yllpyridin-3-Amethoxylpyridine-4-earbaldehyde i I
N\) 'N. 0 io I
FF
\ ..b.
I
r 1 , F N,) =
I I
I
t-43N ---.-...'. 6-methyl-3-[[2-[2-(2,2,2-I
...õ...9-' tritluoroethyl)pyrazol-3-yljpyri din-3-I ' \--.., yllmethoxylpyridine-2-carbaidehyde N --N) `NO 0 F---1/4.-F .=-''' J 1 , F &
I .
! i 44NAN%'N`-. 6-methy1-31[212-(3,3,3- ' rifluoropropyl)pyrazol-3-yljpyridin-3-VI linethoxylpyridine-2-carbaldehyde 1 0 , 1 Fi =NYjj = i I
I F 1,../.,N
, I ................................................................. 1 .......... , ....................
2-11tioro-6-R242-(2,2,2-trilluoroethyl)p> razol- !
i 3-ylJpyridin-3-yl]methoxylbenzaidehyde co o 1 I
ji i F ---,----- ---,i 1 F
i I="=-=-=== = F
I
__________ ---r !
46 i N'- 1. 2-fluoro-6-[[242-(3,3,3-= .//'-'"-.71 1 trilluoropropyl)pyrazol-3-Apyridin-3-\\ i I y-limethoxylbenzaldehyde N-N ---, 1 0 0 :
F.
I F \i----) --.:21 i--.'"ij .
F
47 --1:-. 34[242-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrazol-3-yilpyridin-3-ylimethoxylpyridine-2- :
\\ carbaklehyde N -N
LFI a) ' '-.... N
I .."
48 I N'-`,.`= I 3-[[21:2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)pyrazol-3-'-'7=Y'''\\ I ''''' Apyridin-3-yllmethoxyjpyridine-2-carbaldehyde F F) I
I
i I
49 N '''`','" 1 3-chloro-5-[[2-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-Apyridin-3-ylimethoxy-lpyridine-4-.
:
carbaldehyde " ).-----µ"0 0 i I
1 ..)--...õ-ji r 1 WO 2(114/15(1256 N 2-fluoro-6-11:2-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-yi)pyridin-3-yllmethoxyibenzaldehyde iI
\\
N¨Ny 0 F
51 N ____________ 3-methy1-54[2-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-yl)pyridin-3-y1]methoxy]pyridine-4-., carbaldehyde N
3-methy1-5-11.242-(2,2,2-I
e vit.! uoroethyppyrazol-3-ylipyridin-3-yl]methoxy Jpyridine-4-carbaldehyde N-N
100271 In a preferred embodiment, the compound is compound 12.
Pharmaceutical Compositions [00281 In further aspects of the invention, a composition is provided comprising any of the compounds described herein, and at least a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient wherein the compound of Table 1 is present in the composition in an amount from 1 mg to 10 g.
100291 In another aspect, this invention provides a composition comprising any of the compounds described herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
100301 Such compositions can be formulated for different routes of administration.
Although compositions suitable for oral delivery will probably be used most frequently, other routes that may be used include transdermal, intravenous, intraarterial, pulmonary, rectal, nasal, vaginal, lingual, intramuscular, intraperitonea], intracutaneous, intracranial, and subcutaneous routes. Suitable dosage forms for administering any of the compounds WO 2(114/15(1256 described herein include tablets, capsules, pills, powders. aerosols, suppositories. parenterals.
and oral liquids, including suspensions, solutions and emulsions. Sustained release dosage forms may also be used, tbr example, in a transdermal patch form. All dosage forms may be prepared using methods that are standard in the art (see e.g., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16th ed.õA.. Oslo editor, Easton Pa. 1980).
100311 Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients are non-toxic, aid administration, and do not adversely affect the therapeutic benefit of the compound of this invention.
Such excipients may be any solid, liquid, semi-solid or, in the case of an aerosol composition, g,aseous excipient that is generally available to one of skill in the art.
Pharmaceutical compositions in accordance with the invention are prepared by conventional means using methods known in the art.
100321 The compositions disclosed herein may be used in conjunction with any of the vehicles and excipients commonly employed in pharmaceutical preparations, e.g., talc, gum arabic, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, cocoa butter, aqueous or non-aqueous solvents, oils, paraffin derivatives, glycols, etc. Coloring and flavoring agents may also be added to preparations, particularly to those for oral administration. Solutions can be prepared using water or physiologically compatible organic solvents such as ethanol, 1,2-propylene Qlycol, polyglycols, dirnethylsullbxide, fatty alcohols, triglycerides, partial esters of glycerin and the like.
100331 Solid pharmaceutical excipients include starch, cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, talc, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, magnesium stearate, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, sodium chloride, dried skim milk and the like.
Liquid and semisolid excipients may be selected from glycerol, propylene glycol, water.
ethanol and various oils, including those of petroleum, animal. vegetable or synthetic origin.
e g., peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil, etc. In certain embodiments, the compositions provided herein comprises one or more of a-tocopherol, gum (rabic, and/or hydroxypropyl cellulose.
100341 In one embodiment, this invention provides sustained release formulations such as drug depots or patches comprising an effective amount of a compound provided herein. In another embodiment, the patch fUrther comprises gum Arabic or hydroxypropyl cellulose separately or in combination, in the presence of alpha-tocopherol. Preferably, the WO 2(114/15(1256 hydroxypropyl cellulose has an average MW of from 10,000 to 100,000. In a more preferred embodiment, the hydroxypropyl cellulose has an average MW of from 5,000 to 50.000.
[00351 Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may be used alone or in combination with other compounds. When administered with another agent, the co-administration can be in any manner in which the pharmacological effects or both are manifest in the patient at the same time. Thus. co-administration does not require that a single pharmaceutical composition, the same dosage form, or even the same route or administration be used for administration of both the compound of this invention and the other agent or that the two agents be administered at precisely the same time.
However, Co.
administration will be accomplished most conveniently by the same dosage form and the same route of administration, at substantially the same time. Obviously, such administration most advantageously proceeds by delivering both active ingredients simultaneously in a novel pharmaceutical composition in accordance with the present invention.
100361 In further aspects of the invention, one or more adducts of a compound selected from Table 1 that is bound to hemoglobin S is contemplated. In one embodiment, the adduct is formed from compound 12 and hemoglobin S.
Methods of Treatment 100371 This invention provides a method for increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of erythryocytes. In certain embodiments, the invention is related to a method of treating red blood cells or whole blood in vivo, in vitro, in situ or ex vivo with one or more compounds or pharmaceutical compositions of the invention by administering or contacting said one or more compound or pharmaceutical compositions with blood and especially blood containing hemoglobin (S).
100381 In some embodiments, a method for ex vivo storage and/or use of the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the invention is contemplated in which the compounds and/or pharmaceutical compositions are combined with whole blood for use in procedures such as, but not limited to, autologous or non-autologous blood transfusions, coronary bypass surgery, and any extracorporeal procedure involving perfusion and/or reperfusion of blood to a subject. In certain embodiments, the compounds and/or pharmaceutical compositions may be combined with whole blood for storage purposes.
WO 2(114/15(1256 100391 In another of this method aspects, this invention is directed to a method tor treating a subject in need thereof (e.g., sickle cell anemia) by administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition of this invention.
In one preferred aspect, the pharmaceutical composition comprises from about 0.1 mg/kg to about Iglu per day, more preferably, about I mg/kg/day to about I 00 mg/kg/day of a compound or compounds of Table 1.
100401 In aspects of the invention, a method is provided for increasing oxygen affinity of hemoglobin S in a subject, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition of this invention or a blood composition comprising one or more compounds of Table L In a preferred embodiment, the blood composition is free of hemoglobin (S).
10(3411 In aspects of the invention, a method is provided for treating a condition associated with oxygen deficiency, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of either the pharmaceutical or the blood composition described above.
100421 In further aspects of the invention, a method is provided for treating oxygen deficiency associated with sickle cell anemia, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of either the pharmaceutical or the blood composition described above.
100431 Additionally, the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can be added to whole blood or packed cells preferably at thc time of storage or at the time of transfUsion. In some embodiments, the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions may he added to whole blood or red blood cell fractions in a closed system using an appropriate reservoir in which the compound or pharmaceutical composition is placed prior to storage or which is present in the anticoatzulating solution in the blood collecting bag.
!...;vnthetie Methods 100441 The synthesis of the compounds of Table I are described in U.S. Patent Serial Nos.
61/661,320 and 61/581,053, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entireties, for the sole purpose of describing the synthesis of these compounds.
WO 2(114/15(1256 EXAMPLES
100451 The following examples are given for the purpose of illustrating various embodiments of the invention. They are not meant to limit the invention in any fashion. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention is well adapted to carry out the objects and obtain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well any objects, ends and advantages inherent herein. The present examples (along with the methods described herein) are presently representative of preferred embodiments. They are exemplary. and are not intended as limitations on the scope of the invention. 'Variations and other uses which are encompassed within the spirit of the invention as defined by the scope of the claims will occur to those skilled in the art.
,Example 1 100461 The compounds provided in the present invention are allosteric modulators of hemoglobin. As such, these compounds do not modulate red blood cells by themselves.
Instead, the response of red blood cells to a concentration of hemoglobin is increased when compounds of Table I are present. Compounds of Table I are expected to have their effect on red blood cells by virtue of their ability to enhance the function of hemoglobin.
100471 This experiment was established and used in order to assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of the compounds.
100481 Sample collection and data analysis: Rats (Sprague-Dawley, male, 8-12 weeks old) were dosed with one of three compounds corresponding to compound 12, compound 22 or compound 23. The rats received oral (I Omg/kg) or intravenous (I mg/kg) doses of the compound. Rats were fasted overnight before the experiments and provided with food after the 2 hour sampling time point.
100491 Blood samples were collected at different time points. Blood was anti-coagulated by 3.2% ISC (trisodiurn citrate) and a portion was separated into plasma fraction by centrifugation and removal of blood cells. Plasma and lysed blood samples were analyzed for drug concentration using LC-MS/MS. PK parameters were calculated by non compartmental analysis of the concentration-time profiles using WinNonLin software (Pharsight, Mountain View, CA). Apparent elimination half-life (tu2) values were calculated as in(2)1. Area under the concentration-time curve (ACC) values were estimated using the WO 2(114/15(1256 PCT/US2014/022733 linear trapezoidal method. AIX!1 values were calculated from the dosing time to the last measurable concentration. AUCinf values were calculated as the sum of the corresponding AUCIas, and the ratio of the last detectable concentration divided by k.
Plasma clearance (Cl) is calculated from Dose/AIJCinf. Volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) is calculated from Mean Residence Timeinf x Cis,. Maximum concentration (Cmax) and time to C.õ,õ, (T,õ,,,) was recorded as observed. The blood/plasma partitioning ratio was calculated at each experimental time point.
100501 Results: Table 2 summarizes select PK parameters tbr the compounds listed below:
Table 2 1 õ . PK Parameter 12 22 23 V(I/kg) 0.14 3.1 3.15 CI (mliminIkg) 0.11 9 13.7 Bioavailability (%) 68.8 6.6 1.8 Blood/plasma (Ratio of peak concentration) 21 5 1 1 Blood/plasma (Ratio of exposure AUCINO 55 33j 4 _________________________________________________________ =
100511 The volume of distribution for compound 12 is 0.14L/kg which indicates that it is not significantly distributed into extravascular space in rats (control normal Vz ::: 0.11.11(g).
Higher V,s are observed for two related compounds (compound 22 and compound 23, 3.1 and 3.15, respectively), indicating that these compounds are more likely to distribute into the extravascular space and additional compartments than compound 12.
100521 However, when the red blood cell compartment is considered, compound 12 unexpectedly partitions into blood to a far greater extent than compound 22 or compound 23.
\Vhen the compounds are dosed orally, the relative proportion in blood (as compared to plasma) at peak concentration (C,õaõ) were much higher for compound 12 (21-fold) than for compound 22 (5-fold) or compound 23 (3-fold). When the red blood cell/plasma ratio was measured at the peak concentration, compound 12 partitioned at a ratio of 70 to 1 into the erythrocytes attesting to its preferential partition into the compartment which contains the drug target hemoglobin. Supportive data was reported in an in vitro system measuring binding of compound 12 to hemoglobin and human serum albumin. In this functional assay, WO 2(114/15(1256 when both proteins are present in their respective physiologic ratio. compound demonstrated preferentially binding to hemoglobin.
100531 Another surprising and unexpected observation was detected when overall exposure was tracked in animals dosed orally with compound 12. There was a 55-fold higher level of compound in blood than in plasma compared with blood/plasma ratios for compound 22 (5-fold) or compound 23 (1-fold).
1005.11 The ability of compound 12 to partition preferentially in red blood cells has also been confirmed in mice treated intravenously. A ratio of blood/plasma of 15.4 (at peak in vivo concentration) and 30 (at overall exposure) was observed in mice.
Analogous to the measurements in rats, the volume of distribution (Vss) was low in mice (0.10).
Thus, compound 12 is not expected to broadly distribute into extravascular space in mice.
100551 In conclusion, the results shown in Table 2 demonstrate that the lack of compound 12 distribution into extrava.scular tissues (low Vss) combined with selective partitioning into the target compartment (red blood cells) provide a potential basis for reduced toxicity.
100561 Accordingly, provided herein are blood compositions comprising one or more compounds selected from Table 1, and blood, wherein in the blood, at least 30%
of the compound or compounds are bound to the red blood cells present in the blood.
Example 2 100571 Another series of assays were conducted in order to assess additional pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of the compounds from Example 1.
Reverse Hemox Assay 100581 Oxygen Equilibrium Curves (OEC) of whole blood before and after treatment with different concentrations of compounds 12, 22 and 23 were performed as follows using a HEMOX analyzer (TCS Scientific, New Hope, PA). Blood samples from homozygous sickle eel] patients were obtained though the Hemoglobinopathy Center at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORD with Institutional Review Board approval.
The hematocrit was adjusted to 20% using autologous plasma and the blood samples were incubated for 1 hour at 37 'V in absence or presence of compounds. 100 1.d of these samples were added to 5 ml.. of Hemox buffer (30 rnM TES. 130 mM NaCI, 5 mM KCI, pH:::
7.4) at WO 2(114/15(1256 37 C and then transferred to the Hemox sample chamber. The samples were saturated with oxygen by flushing with compressed air for 10 minutes. The samples were then flushed with pure nitrogen and the respective absorbances of oxy- and deoxy-Hb are recorded as a function of the solution p02. The oxygen equilibrium data were then fined to the Hill Model to obtain values for p50. The deoxygcnation curves for both whole blood alone (control) and whole blood in the presence of the compound were collected with the TCS
software, 100591 Results: Table 3 below lists the delta p50% values where "+" indicates a delta p50% of between 0 and 29, "++" indicates a delta p50% of between 30 and 50, and "-H-+"
indicates a delta p50% of 50 or greater. A positive delta p50 value corresponds to a left shifted curve and a lower p50 value relative to control, indicating that the compound acts to modulate Hb(S) to increase its affinity for oxygen, R/T Assay 100601 A relaxed-to-tense transition assay ("RIF assay") was used to determine the ability of compounds 12. 22 and 23 to mantain the high-oxygen affinity relaxed (R) state of hemoglobin under deoxygenated conditions. This ability can be expressed as a "delta R."
value (i.e., the change in the time-period of the R. state after hemoglobin is treated with a compound, as compared to the period without treatment with the comound). Delta R is the %R to remaining after the compounds treatment compared with no treatment (e.g.
if R%
without treatment is 8% while with treatment with a target compound is 48% R
at 30 M, then %R is 40% for that compound.
[00611 A mixture of ElbS/A was purified from blood obtained from homozygous sickle cell patients though the Hemoglobinopathy Center at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORD with Institutional Review Board approval. libS/A (at a final concentration of 3 uM) was incubated for 1 hr at 37 C in presence or absence of compounds in 501.04 potassium phosphate buffer, pH=7.4 and 30 pM 2, 3 diphosphoglycerate (DPG) in 96 well plates in a final volume of 160 p.1. Compounds were added at different concentrations (3 1.1M
to 100 p.M final concentrations). Plates were covered with a Mylar film. After incubation was completed the Mylar cover was removed and the plates were placed in a Spectrostar Nano plate reader previously heated at 37 C. Five minutes later, N.) (flow rate ¨ 20 Umin) was flowed through the spectrophotometer. Spectroscopic measurements (300 nm to 700 WO 2(114/15(1256 am) were taken every 5 min for 2 hours. Data analysis was performed by using linear regression from the data retrieved for all wavelengths.
100621 Results: Table 3 below lists the delta R values where ÷+" indicates a delta R of between 0 and 30. "++" indicates a delta It of between 30 and 50, and "'4-+"+" indicates a delta R of 50 or greater.
Polvmeyization As.sav 100631 Polymerization assays are carried out in vitro using purified FibS
exchanged into 1.8 M potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. Using a slightly modified protocol (Antonini and Brunori, 1971), I113S is purified by the C:RO VIRUSYS, from blood obtained from homozygous sickle cell patients through the Hemoglobinopathy Center at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORD with Institutional Review Board approval.
Compounds are prepared in 100% .DMS0 and a desired amount is added to 50 tiM of purified FIB at a final DMSO concentration of 0.3%. Final potassium phosphate concentration is adjusted to 1.8 M using a combination of 2.5 M potassium phosphate stock solution and water at 7.4.
The reaction mixture is incubated thr an hour at 37 C and then transferred into a 24-well plate for deoxygenation in a glove box containing 99.5 % nitrogen and 0.5%
oxygen. The 24-well plate is not covered and incubated at 4 "C on a plate cooler inside the glove box tbr one and a half hours. Fifty ut of the reaction mixture is transferred into a 96-we1l plate arid the absorbance at 700 urn is measured every minute for one hour at 37 "C in a plate reader located inside the glove box. A plot of the absorbance against time is fitted using a Boltzman sigmoidal fit and the delay time (from zero to time at half Vmax) is measured.
To compare and rank compounds, delay times arc expressed as percent delay (%DT), which is defined as the difference in delay times tbr HbSicompound and FIB alone multiplied by 100 and divided by the delay time for HbS alone.
100641 Results: Compounds listed below have been tested in the polymerization assay.
Activity ranges are defined by the number of dagger (t) symbols indicated. t denotes activity > 40% but -z; 80%; ft denotes activity > 80% but 120%; i"I't denotes activity > 120% but < 140%; till` denotes activity > 160%.
Table 3 In limo Assay Parameter I Unit 12 22 23 Reverse fiemox (1 mN,1) r (delta p50%) 79.83 (+++) 68.69 (+++) 72.45 R-T (91iM) (delta R) 65.45 (-H-+) 31.02 (+1-) 37.15 (++) R-T (10uAl) (delta R) 62.75 (+++) 36.25 (++) 51.55 (+++) Polymerization ( 75 uNl) (% DT) 108.56 (tt) 90.22 (-ill ; 98.19 0-11 Example 3 100651 Another set of assays was conducted to determine the effect of compounds of the invention on the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin and theological properties of blood.
Oxygen Dissociation Assay 100661 In a 96-well format oxygen dissociation assay (ODA), compounds 5, 9, and 12 were all more potent at increasing the oxygen affinity of HbS than 5-hydroxy furfural (5-HME), an agent currently being tested in clinical trials in patients with sickle cell disease.
190671 Results: Table 4 below lists the change in oxygen affinity (Aoxy state). After two hours of passive deoxygenation, compound 12, at an equimolar concentration to lib, increased the lib oxygen affinity by 6-fold. Even when compound 12 was present at substoichiometric concentrations (ratio of compound 12 to Fib of 1:3), there was a two-fold improvement in oxygen affinity for Hb that translates to 16% more oxygenated llb present.
100681 The agents were then assayed in a ICS Hemox analyzer using pun i tied lib at 25 t.tM. At a compound 12:Hb ratio of 1:3, the oxygen affinity was improved by 15%, while at stoichiometric concentrations, the improvement in oxygen affinity was greater than 70%
when compared to the Hb control.
Reverse Hemox Assay 100691 Reverse hemox assay was performed essentially as described in Example 2. above.
using either washed red blood cells or whole blood.
(00701 Results: Table 4. below, indicates the percent change in p50 (delta p50%) for each compound tested. In the washed red blood cells (RBCs), 5-11MF, compound 5, and compound 12 (I rnIVI compound) gave p50 of 20, 9 and 7 mm Hg, respectively, compared to the control red blood cells (delta p50 = 30 mm Hg). To determine the effects of plasma proteins on compound activity. OECs were measured in whole blood from sickle cell disease patients. 5-HMF, compound 5, compound 9, and compound 12 gave p50 of 27, 18, 11 and 6 mm Hg, respectively, compared to the control blood p50 of 30 mm Viscosity Assay 10071] Sickle cell disease patients develop anemia as a means for the circulatory system to compensate for increase in blood viscosity caused by the non-deformable sickle cell red blood cells (ssRBCs). The effects of 5-HMF, compound 5, compound 9, or compound 12 were tested on sickle cell disease patient blood rheology to determine if these compounds decrease the viscosity of ssRBCs that have undergone hypoxia. Using blood from patients with sickle cell disease, whole blood (30% hematocrit, ¨1,5mM Hb) was incubated with 5-HMI:. compound 5, compound 9, or compound 12 during exposure to two hours of hypoxia (2.4% 02). A cone-plate viscometer was used to measure the viscosity at shear rates ram4in12.
from 60 s'i to 415 s."1.
[00721 Results: Table 4 below lists the change in centipoise (Ad') values for each compound. The compounds of the invention dramatically improved blood viscosity. For example, compound 12 improved (decreased) viscosity from 6.33 cP (no compound 12) to 4.32 cP (equimolar compound 12). A cP of 3.69 is the average viscosity Ibr normoxic sickle cell disease blood. Such an improvement in blood viscosity has the potential to decrease the residence time for ssRBCs in hypoxic tissue, and allow for a lower level of polymerization in individual red blood cells during their transit through hypoxic tissue. In addition, compound 12 has been shown to delay polymerization and sickling of red blood cells from sickle cell disease patients. All these properties indicate that compound 12 could elicit a drastic decrease in flbS polymer concentration, decreasing the likelihood of forming the rigid cells which cause vaso occlusion in patients with sickle cell disease.
Table Assay Hb in ODA Washed RBC Whole Blood Viscosity OEC OEC
unit (Aoxy state) (delta p50%) (delta p50%) (AcP) 1111,1 3ttM 1mM 1mM 1.5m114 lcmp 1tv1 31iM 1mM 3mM - 1mM 3mM I .6mM 8mM
r----5-HMF <1 <1 30 NA 10 47 0.04 1.4 2 10 - NA1 NA 49 71 NA >2.4 69 NA 63 >80 1,3 >2.4 =
____________________________ 4 ..
12 16 56 76 1 NA 80 >80 2.0 >2.4 I
Example 4 100731 Another set of assays was performed to determine the effectiveness of compound 12 and 5-HMF at delaying in vitro polymerization and preventing sickling of red blood cells.
Polymerization Assay 100741 The ability of 5-HMF and compound 12 to delay HbS polymerization was evaluated as described in Example 2, above. Purified HbS (50 uM) was pre-incubated with 25 uM, 50 1.1.M, or 100 AN4 of 5-HMF or compound 12, then passively de-oxygenated at 4 C in 1.8 M
potassium phosphate. Polymerization was induced via temperature jump from 4 "C
to 37 'C.
Polymerization was quantified based on turbidity of the HbS solution under continued hypoxia.
100751 Results: Table 5 below lists the delay (minutes) in polymerization for each compound tested. Table 6 lists the delay in polymerization by carbon monoxide (CO) liganded HbA, a well characterized inhibitor of HbS polymerization in both intracellular and in vitro assays. DT: delay time. Compound 12 delayed IlbS polymerization in a dose-dependent manner. Polymerization delay for untreated HbS control was relatively longer than that observed by active de-oxygenation using dithionite or laser treatment. However, compound 12 delayed HbS polymerization to a similar extent as CO-liganded HbA.
WO 2(114/15(1256 SigKir.2.-AtWY5 [00761 For sickling experiments, red blood cells were pre-incubated with compound 12 or 5-1-IM1', then subjected to hypoxia (1)02 of ¨30 mmHg.) in a 37 'C. humidified chamber for 0.5 hr and subsequently imaged using a light microscope. The percentage of sickled cells in each image was calculated using CeilVigene software.
100771 Results: Table 5 below lists the effect of each compound on the percent of sickled red blood cells. HCT: hematocrit. Compound 12 prevented sickling of RBCs under hypoxia suggesting that compound 12 has the ability to prevent intracellular libS
polymerization. In this sickling assay, red blood cells were exposed to hypoxia tbr a much longer time than typical red blood cell transit time through microcirculation (less than a minute), thus much less compound may be required to prevent sickling under physiological conditions.
Table 5 Assay Polymerization Siekling Unit IiTcnipd-DTtnis (min) (Y0 sickled) 111bS1 ;,IN1 ¨1 mM (20% !ACT) 1Cmpd1 25 ItNi 10 pM = I 00 MM 1 mM 2 mM 5 mM
Cmpd 12 3.9 12.8 1 22.9 1 1.8 6.3 76 65 50 No Cmpd 0 0 0 85 1 85 85 Table 6 IAssay Polymerization Unit DTubsilibA-DTubs (min) 111b1 Total 50 urs.4 % HbA 20% 30% 1 40%
HbA-CO
100781 From the foregoing it will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention.
WO 2(114/15(1256 100791 Throughout the description of this invention, reference is made to various patent applications and publications, each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
Claims (18)
1. A composition comprising from about 1 mg to about 10 g of a compound selected from the group consisting of a compound in Table 1 and at least a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier or diluent.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the compound is compound 12 in Table I.
3. A blood composition comprising blood and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of a compound in Table 1, wherein said blood is comprised of red blood cells and plasma, and wherein at least 20% of said one or more compounds in the blood is bound to said red blood cells under physiological conditions.
4. The blood composition of claim 3, wherein at least 30% of said one or more compounds is bound to said red blood cells.
5. The blood composition of claim 3, wherein at least 50% of said one or more compounds is bound to said red blood cells.
6. The blood composition of claim 3, wherein at least 80% of said one or more compounds is bound to said red blood cells.
7. The blood composition of claim 3, wherein at least 90% of said one or more compounds is bound to said red blood cells.
8. The blood composition of claim 3, wherein said composition is compound 12 in Table 1.
9. The blood composition of claim 3, wherein at least a part of said red blood cells is sickled, and at least a part of said hemoglobin is bound to said compound.
10. The blood composition of claim 3, wherein said blood is free of or substantially free of hemoglobin.
11. A blood composition comprising an adduct formed from blood and one more or compounds selected from the group consisting of a compound in Table 1, wherein said blood is comprised of red blood cells and plasma, wherein said adduct is distributed under steady state conditions between a vascular space and an extra-vascular space in vivo, and wherein at least a portion of said one or more compounds remains in said vascular space as part of said adduct.
12. The blood composition of claim 11, wherein at least 20% of said one or more compounds remains in said vascular space as part of said adduct.
13. !he blood composition of claim 11, wherein at least 40% of said one or more compounds remains in said vascular space as part of said adduct.
14. The blood composition of claim 11, wherein at least 60% of said one or more compounds remains in said vascular space as part of said adduct.
15. The blood composition of claim 11, wherein at least 80% of said one or more compounds remains in said vascular space as part of said adduct.
16. The blood composition of claim 11. wherein at least 95% of said one or more compounds remains in said vascular space as part of said adduct.
17. The blood composition of claim 11, wherein said composition is compound 12 in Table 1.
18. A method for treating a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition of claim 1.
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| US13/815,872 US20140271591A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2013-03-15 | Compositions and methods for the modulation of hemoglobin (s) |
| US13/815,872 | 2013-03-15 | ||
| US201361860793P | 2013-07-31 | 2013-07-31 | |
| US61/860,793 | 2013-07-31 | ||
| PCT/US2014/022733 WO2014150256A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-03-10 | Compositions and methods for the modulation of hemoglobin (s) |
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| JP (1) | JP2016512821A (en) |
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| ES2790358T3 (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2020-10-27 | Global Blood Therapeutics Inc | Substituted Heteroaryl Aldehyde Compounds and Methods for Their Use in Increasing Tissue Oxygenation |
| PT2797416T (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2017-10-23 | Global Blood Therapeutics Inc | Substituted benzaldehyde compounds and methods for their use in increasing tissue oxygenation |
| CN105073728A (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-11-18 | 全球血液疗法股份有限公司 | Compounds and uses thereof for the modulation of hemoglobin |
| US9422279B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-08-23 | Global Blood Therapeutics, Inc. | Compounds and uses thereof for the modulation of hemoglobin |
| US10266551B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-04-23 | Global Blood Therapeutics, Inc. | Compounds and uses thereof for the modulation of hemoglobin |
| AP2015008718A0 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-09-30 | Global Blood Therapeutics Inc | Compounds and uses thereof for the modulation of hemoglobin |
| US8952171B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-02-10 | Global Blood Therapeutics, Inc. | Compounds and uses thereof for the modulation of hemoglobin |
| US9458139B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-10-04 | Global Blood Therapeutics, Inc. | Compounds and uses thereof for the modulation of hemoglobin |
| US10100043B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-10-16 | Global Blood Therapeutics, Inc. | Substituted aldehyde compounds and methods for their use in increasing tissue oxygenation |
| MY180206A (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2020-11-25 | Global Blood Therapeutics Inc | Compounds and uses thereof for the modulation of hemoglobin |
| EA201992707A1 (en) | 2013-11-18 | 2020-06-30 | Глобал Блад Терапьютикс, Инк. | COMPOUNDS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS FOR HEMOGLOBIN MODULATION |
| DK3102208T3 (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2021-03-08 | Global Blood Therapeutics Inc | CRYSTALLINIC POLYMORPH OF THE FREE BASE OF 2-HYDROXY-6 - ((2- (1-ISOPROPYL-1H-PYRAZOL-5-YL) PYRIDIN-3-YL) METHOXY) BENZALDEHYDE |
| WO2016043849A2 (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-03-24 | Global Blood Therapeutics, Inc. | Compounds for treating acute respiratory distress syndrome or a negative effect thereof |
| MA43373A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2018-10-10 | Global Blood Therapeutics Inc | DOSAGE REGIMES FOR 2-HYDROXY-6 - ((2- (1-ISOPROPYL-1H-PYRAZOL-5-YL) PYRIDIN-3-YL) METHOXY) BENZALDEHYDE |
| AR108435A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 | 2018-08-22 | Global Blood Therapeutics Inc | PROCESS TO SYNTHETIZE 2-HYDROXI-6 - ((2- (1-ISOPROPIL-1H-PIRAZOL-5-IL) -PIRIDIN-3-IL) METOXI) BENZALDEHYDE |
| US10787430B2 (en) | 2016-06-17 | 2020-09-29 | Fronthera U.S. Pharmaceuticals Llc | Hemoglobin modifier compounds and uses thereof |
| TWI778983B (en) | 2016-10-12 | 2022-10-01 | 美商全球血液治療公司 | Tablets comprising 2-hydroxy-6-((2-(1-isopropyl-1h-pyrazol-5-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methoxy)benzaldehyde |
| TW201839136A (en) | 2017-02-06 | 2018-11-01 | 瑞士商諾華公司 | Compositions and methods for the treatment of hemoglobinopathies |
| WO2019028150A1 (en) | 2017-08-01 | 2019-02-07 | Akebia Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions for use in methods of treatment of hemoglobin disorders |
| WO2020072377A1 (en) | 2018-10-01 | 2020-04-09 | Global Blood Therapeutics, Inc. | Modulators of hemoglobin for the treatment of sickle cell disease |
| WO2021123920A1 (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2021-06-24 | Novartis Ag | Compositions and methods for the treatment of hemoglobinopathies |
| EP4359527A2 (en) | 2021-06-23 | 2024-05-01 | Novartis AG | Compositions and methods for the treatment of hemoglobinopathies |
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| WO2003088980A1 (en) * | 2002-04-18 | 2003-10-30 | Embury Stephen H | Method and composition for preventing pain in sickle cell patients |
| ES2372047T3 (en) * | 2002-12-04 | 2012-01-13 | Virginia Commonwealth University | ANTIDREPANOCÍTIC AGENTS. |
| GB0420722D0 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2004-10-20 | Addex Pharmaceuticals Sa | Novel allosteric modulators |
| PT2797416T (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2017-10-23 | Global Blood Therapeutics Inc | Substituted benzaldehyde compounds and methods for their use in increasing tissue oxygenation |
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