CA2501618A1 - Method and system for determining the position and alignment of a surface of an object in relation to a laser beam - Google Patents

Method and system for determining the position and alignment of a surface of an object in relation to a laser beam Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2501618A1
CA2501618A1 CA002501618A CA2501618A CA2501618A1 CA 2501618 A1 CA2501618 A1 CA 2501618A1 CA 002501618 A CA002501618 A CA 002501618A CA 2501618 A CA2501618 A CA 2501618A CA 2501618 A1 CA2501618 A1 CA 2501618A1
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Prior art keywords
laser beam
plasma spark
determining
laser
detecting
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CA002501618A
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French (fr)
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CA2501618C (en
Inventor
Christopher Horvath
Ruben Zadoyan
Ferenc Raksi
Zsolt Bor
Guy Vern Holland
Tibor Juhasz
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AMO Development LLC
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • G01B11/27—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes
    • G01B11/272—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes using photoelectric detection means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F9/00825—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser for photodisruption
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F9/009—Auxiliary devices making contact with the eyeball and coupling in laser light, e.g. goniolenses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B9/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B9/02—Interferometers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F2009/00844—Feedback systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F2009/00844—Feedback systems
    • A61F2009/00848—Feedback systems based on wavefront
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F2009/00861—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser adapted for treatment at a particular location
    • A61F2009/00872—Cornea

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Laser Surgery Devices (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention generally relates to a method and system for determini ng the position and alignment of a plane in relation to an intersecting axis an d using that known position and alignment to allow for corrections to be made when using the plane as a reference plane. More particularly, the invention relates to a method and system for determining the angle of tilt of a planar surface in relation to a laser beam, and using the determined angle of tilt to calculate a correction factor to be applied to the laser beam. Briefly state d, the method and system ultimately calculates a correction factor, z-offset, that is applied when using the laser beam in a procedure.

Claims (55)

1. A method for determining the position and alignment of a surface of an object in relation to a laser beam, the method comprising the steps of:

providing an object having a substantially planar surface;

providing a laser system for generating a laser beam;

repeatedly moving a focal point of the laser beam along a predetermined pattern in a plane perpendicular to a z-axis of the laser beam;

detecting at least one plasma spark when the laser beam focal point contacts the object;and determining the alignment of the planar surface in relation to the laser beam.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser beam is formed of a continuously repeating train of short optical pulses in the range of femtoseconds or picoseconds.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the object is an aplanation lens, glass plate, or microscope slide.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the object is comprised of glass, silicon, plastic, or biologic material.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the moving step comprises:

setting the focal point of the laser beam at a starting point on a z-axis plane such that the focus of the laser beam is not in contact with the object;

repeatedly moving the focal point of the laser beam along a predetermined pattern in a plane perpendicular to the z-axis; and after an occurrence of the completion of movement of the laser beam along the predetermined pattern, repositioning the focal point of the laser beam on the z-axis a set distance .DELTA.z from the previous z-axis.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined pattern is circular.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the detecting step comprises:

identifying a first plasma spark when the laser beam comes into contact with the object, recording the a first z-axis location of the first plasma spark;

identifying the completion of the predetermined pattern by identifying a second plasma spark along the complete predetermined pattern; and recording a second z-axis location of the second plasma spark.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the determining step comprises:

calculating the alignment of the object in relation to the z-axis using the first z-axis location and the second z-axis location.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the calculation utilizes the formula .theta.
= tan 1(.DELTA.z/D) where .theta. is the angle between the aplanation lens and a plane perpendicular to the z-axis, and wherein .DELTA.z is the difference between the first z-axis location and the second z-axis location, and D is the diameter of the predetermined pattern.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting step comprises:

providing a video camera for taking images of the object; and capturing a series of images of the object.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the detecting step comprises:

comparing said images of the object to determine the occurrence of at least one plasma spark.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining alignment step comprises:

calculating a first image pixel value and a second image pixel value; and calculating a total compared pixel value by subtracting the first image pixel value from the second image pixel value.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the determining alignment step further comprises:

plotting the total compared pixel value to establish a plasma spark line.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting step comprises:

providing a photodetector for detecting plasma sparks; and identifying the occurrence of the plasma spark with the photodetector.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the photodetector is any one of a photodiode, CCD, photomultiplier, or phototransistor.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting step comprises manually detecting the occurrence of a first plasma spark and the occurrence of a second plasma spark at the completion of a predetermined pattern.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination step determines the tilt of the planar surface of the object in relation to the laser beam.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting step includes measuring a voltage differential generated by the photodetector.
19. The method of claim 1, wherein the object is clear or opaque.
20. A laser system for determining the position and alignment of a surface of an object relative to a laser beam generated from the laser system, the system comprising:

a laser system for generating a laser beam, the laser system having a central processing unit, the central processing unit configured for instructing movement of the laser beam;

a plasma spark detection device for detecting a plasma spark, the plasma spark detection device interconnected with the laser system; and a software program for execution on the central processing unit, the software program configured for:

repeatedly moving a focal point of the laser beam along a predetermined pattern in a plane perpendicular to a z-axis of the laser beam;

detecting a plurality of plasma sparks when the laser beam focal point contacts the surface of the object; and determining the position and alignment of the surface in relation to the laser beam.
21. The system of claim 20, wherein the plasma spark detection device is a photodetector.
22. The system of claim 21 wherein the photodetector is any of a photodiode, CCD, photomultiplier, or phototransistor.
23. The system of claim 21, wherein the plasma spark detection device is a video camera.
24. The system of claim 20, wherein laser beam is formed of a continuously repeating train of short optical pulses in the range of femtoseconds or picoseconds.
25. The system of claim 20, wherein the software for the moving step is configured for:

setting the focal point of the laser beam at a starting point on a z-axis plane such that the focus of the laser beam is not in contact with the object;

repeatedly moving the focal point of the laser beam along a predetermined pattern in a plane perpendicular to the z-axis; and repositioning the focal point of the laser beam on the z-axis a set distance .DELTA.z from the previous z-axis.
26. The system of claim 20, wherein the predetermined pattern is a circular.
27. The system of claim 20, wherein the software for the detecting step is configured for:

identifying a first plasma spark when the laser beam comes into contact with the object, recording the a first z-axis location of the first plasma spark;

identifying the completion of the predetermined pattern by identifying a second plasma spark along the complete predetermined pattern; and recording a second z-axis location of the second plasma spark.
28. The system of claim 27, wherein the software for the determining step is configured for:

calculating the alignment of the object in relation to the z-axis using the first z-axis location and the second z-axis location.
29. The system of claim 28, wherein the software for the calculation utilizes the formula .theta. = tan -1 (.DELTA.z/D) where .theta. is the angle between the aplanation lens and a plane perpendicular to the z-axis, and wherein .DELTA.z is the difference between the first z-axis location and the second z-axis location, and D is the diameter of the predetermined pattern.
30. The system of claim 23, wherein the software for the detecting step is configured for:
capturing a first and second image of the object.
31. The system of claim 30, wherein the software for the determining alignment step is configured for:
calculating a first image pixel value and a second image pixel value; and calculating a total compared pixel value by subtracting the first image pixel value from the second image pixel value.
32. The system of claim 21, wherein the software for the detecting step is configured for:
identifying the occurrence of the plasma spark with the photodetector.
33. The system of claim 20, wherein the software for the detecting step is configured for:
receiving input from an input device to signal the occurrence of a first plasma spark and the occurrence of a second plasma spark at the completion of the predetermined pattern.
34. The system of claim 33, wherein the input device is a footswitch.
35. The system of claim 20, wherein the software for the determination step is configured for:
determining the tilt of the planar surface of the object in relation to the laser beam.
36. A method for determining the alignment of a surface of an object in relation to a laser beam, the method comprising the steps of:
providing an object having a substantially planar surface;
providing a laser system for generating a laser beam;
identifying at least three points at the surface of the object by detecting the occurrence of plasma spark; and determining the tilt of the planar surface in relation to a z-axis of the laser beam.
37. A laser system for determining the position and alignment of a surface of an object relative to a laser beam generated from the laser system, the system comprising:
a laser system for generating a laser beam, the laser system having a central processing unit, the central processing unit configured for instructing movement of the laser beam;
a plasma spark detection device for detecting a plasma spark, the plasma spark detection device interconnected with the laser system; and a software program for execution on the central processing unit, the software program configured for:
identifying at least three points at the surface of the object by detecting the occurrence of plasma spark; and determining the tilt of the planar surface in relation to a z-axis of the laser beam utilizing the at least three points.
38, A method for determining the focus of a laser beam about a surface of an object, the method comprising the steps of:
providing an object having a substantially planar surface;
providing a laser system for generating a laser beam;
focusing a laser beam at or near the substantially planar surface, wherein the laser beam is reflected back from the planar surface;
detecting a fringe pattern of the laser beam; and determining whether the laser beam is in focus.
39. The method of claim 38, wherein the detecting step includes:
providing an interferometer; and utilizing the interferometer to analyze the fringe pattern.
40. The method of claim 38, wherein the determining step includes:
evaluating the fringe pattern to determine if lines of the fringe pattern are substantially parallel to one another.
41. The method of claim 38, wherein the determining step includes:
evaluating the fringe pattern to determine the curvature of the lines.
42. A laser system for determining the focus of a laser beam about a surface of an object, the system comprising:
a laser system for generating a laser beam, the laser system having a central processing unit, the central processing unit configured for instructing movement of the laser beam;
an interferometer for detecting a fringe pattern, the interferometer interconnected with the laser system; and a software program for execution on the central processing unit, the software program configured for:
focusing a laser beam at or near the substantially planar surface, wherein the laser beam is reflected back from the planar surface;
detecting a fringe pattern of the laser beam; and determining whether the laser beam is in focus.
43. The laser system of claim 42, wherein the determining step includes:
evaluating the fringe pattern to determine if lines of the fringe pattern are substantially parallel to one another.
44. The laser system of claim 42, wherein the determining step includes:
evaluating the fringe pattern to determine the curvature of the lines.
45. A method for determining the focus of a laser beam about a surface of an object, the method comprising the steps of:
providing an object having a substantially planar surface;
providing a laser system for generating a laser beam;
monitoring a nonlinear frequency signal generated by the laser beam; and determining whether the laser beam is in focus.
46. The method of claim 45, wherein the signal is any one of second harmonic generation, third harmonic generation, stimulated Raman, or white light generation and others.
47. A laser system for determining the focus of a laser beam about a surface of an object, the system comprising:
a laser system for generating a laser beam, the laser system having a central processing unit, the central processing unit configured for instructing movement of the laser beam;
a photomultiplier with a band pass filter for detecting a nonlinear frequency signal generated by the laser beam; and a software program for execution on the central processing unit, the software program configured for:
monitoring a nonlinear frequency signal generated by the laser beam; and determining whether the laser beam is in focus.
48. The system of claim 47, wherein the signal is any one of second harmonic generation, third harmonic generation, stimulated Raman, or white light generation and others.
49. A method for determining a plasma spark about a surface of an object, the method comprising the steps of:
providing an object having a surface;
providing a laser system for generating a laser beam;
moving a focal point of the laser beam along a z-axis of the laser beam; and detecting with a photodetector at least one plasma spark when the laser beam focal point contacts the object.
50. The method of claim 49, wherein the laser beam is formed of a continuously repeating train of short optical pulses in the range of femtoseconds or picoseconds.
51. The method of claim 49, wherein the object is an aplanation lens, glass plate, or microscope slide.
52. The method of claim 49, wherein the photodetector is any one of a photodiode, CCD, photomultiplier, or phototransistor.
53. A laser system for determining a plasma spark about a surface of an object, the system comprising:
a laser system for generating a laser beam, the laser system having a central processing unit, the central processing unit configured for instructing movement of the laser beam;
a plasma spark detection device for detecting a plasma spark, the plasma spark detection device interconnected with the laser system; and a software program for execution on the central processing unit, the software program configured for detecting with said photodetector at least one plasma spark when the laser beam focal point contacts the object.
54. A method for determining the distance between two surfaces utilizing a laser beam, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a first object having an outer surface;
providing a second object having an outer surface;
providing a laser system for generating a laser beam;
identifying a first point at the outer surface of the first object by detecting the occurrence of a first plasma spark;
identifying a second point at the outer surface of the second object by detecting the occurrence of a second plasma spark; and determining the distance between the first point and the second point.
55. A laser system for determining the position and alignment of a surface of an object relative to a laser beam generated from the laser system, the system comprising:
a laser system for generating a laser beam, the laser system having a central processing unit, the central processing unit configured for instructing movement of the laser beam;
a plasma spark detection device for detecting a plasma spark, the plasma spark detection device interconnected with the laser system; and a software program for execution on the central processing unit, the software program configured for:
identifying a first point at the outer surface of a first object by detecting the occurrence of a first plasma spark;
identifying a second point at the outer surface of the second object by detecting the occurrence of a second plasma spark; and determining the distance between the first point and the second point.
CA2501618A 2002-10-11 2003-09-19 Method and system for determining the position and alignment of a surface of an object in relation to a laser beam Expired - Fee Related CA2501618C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/269,340 US6992765B2 (en) 2002-10-11 2002-10-11 Method and system for determining the alignment of a surface of a material in relation to a laser beam
US10/269,340 2002-10-11
PCT/US2003/029296 WO2004032810A2 (en) 2002-10-11 2003-09-19 Method and system for determining the position and alignment of a surface of an object in relation to a laser beam

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2501618A1 true CA2501618A1 (en) 2004-04-22
CA2501618C CA2501618C (en) 2012-09-11

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CA2501618A Expired - Fee Related CA2501618C (en) 2002-10-11 2003-09-19 Method and system for determining the position and alignment of a surface of an object in relation to a laser beam

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US (3) US6992765B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1558190B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4509790B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101135799B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1326505C (en)
AT (1) ATE415927T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003267274B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2501618C (en)
DE (1) DE60325083D1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004032810A2 (en)

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