CA2430682A1 - Reactive modified particulate polymers for surface treatment of textile and nontextile materials - Google Patents
Reactive modified particulate polymers for surface treatment of textile and nontextile materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2430682A1 CA2430682A1 CA002430682A CA2430682A CA2430682A1 CA 2430682 A1 CA2430682 A1 CA 2430682A1 CA 002430682 A CA002430682 A CA 002430682A CA 2430682 A CA2430682 A CA 2430682A CA 2430682 A1 CA2430682 A1 CA 2430682A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- reactive modified
- particulate polymer
- reactive
- modified particulate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- -1 softeners Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003752 hydrotrope Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LEXQSDUHMMVIFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-4-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1C1=NC(OC(=O)C(C)=C)CO1 LEXQSDUHMMVIFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002998 adhesive polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003944 halohydrins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000879 imine group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- FZHYLXLEEBXHEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-(2-methylpropoxy)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)COC=C(C)C(N)=O FZHYLXLEEBXHEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 claims 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- DCUFMVPCXCSVNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)=C DCUFMVPCXCSVNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 32
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 29
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 25
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 19
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylformamide Chemical compound C=CNC=O ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenamine Chemical group NC=C UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QLAJNZSPVITUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathietane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCO1 QLAJNZSPVITUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 11
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920000962 poly(amidoamine) Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 8
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 8
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 8
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 6
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- LVGSUQNJVOIUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpent-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCC=C(C)C(N)=O LVGSUQNJVOIUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical group CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 5
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C=C DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylamine Chemical compound NCC=C VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 4
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCCO1 ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HXVJQEGYAYABRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4,5-dihydroimidazole Chemical class C=CN1CCN=C1 HXVJQEGYAYABRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XSCRXCDDATUDLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylpropoxymethyl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)COCC(=C)C(N)=O XSCRXCDDATUDLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFQHFMGRRVQFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCCOC(=O)C=C UFQHFMGRRVQFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCOC(=O)C=C QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWAPMFBHEQZLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(dimethylamino)-2-methylidenepentanamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCCC(=C)C(N)=O ZWAPMFBHEQZLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentasodium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012673 precipitation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC=C UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- XWGJFPHUCFXLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M rongalite Chemical compound [Na+].OCS([O-])=O XWGJFPHUCFXLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- URLJMZWTXZTZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium myristyl sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O URLJMZWTXZTZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005425 sodium myristyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001180 sulfating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
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- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3769—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
- C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
- C11D2111/14—Hard surfaces
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for the treatment of the surface of textil e and non-textile materials, whereby reagent-modified, particulate polymers wi th a particle size of from 10 nm to 100 .mu.m are applied to the surface of the materials from an aqueous dispersion and the materials dried.
Description
' CA 02430682 2003-05-28 Reactive modified particulate polymers for surface treatment of textile and nontegtile materials This invention relates to a method for surface treating textile and nontextile materials with reactive modified particulate polymers, the use of the reactive modified particulate polymers, and wrinkleproofmg, washing, rinsing, refreshing and textile treatment formulations comprising the reactive modified particulate polymers.
Cellulosic textiles are given easy care properties by treatment with condensation products of urea, glyoxal and formaldehyde, for example. The finish is applied during the manufacture of textile materials. Softening compounds are frequently further applied with the finish. Thus finished textiles are less wrinkled and creased, easier to iron and softer and smoother after laundering than untreated cellulosics.
WO 98!04772 discloses a process for pretreating textile materials by applying a mixture of a polycarboxylic acid and a cationic softener to the textile materials.
Wrinkle control is 2 0 obtained as a result.
EP-A 0 978 556 describes a mixture of a softener and a crosslinker component having cationic properties as a fabric wrinkle and crease control composition and also a method of wrinkleproofmg textiles.
Washing, rinsing, cleaning and refreshing processes in aqueous media are customarily earned out in a very dilute liquor, and the ingredients of the particular formulation used generally do not remain on the substrate, but are disposed of with the effluent. Sustained modification of the surface of cellulosic materials with dispersed particles in the 3 0 hereinbelow mentioned processes is accomplished only to an unsatisfactory degree.
US 5,476,660 discloses the principle of using polymeric retention aids for cationic or zwitterionic dispersions of polystyrene or wax that contain the active substance embedded in the dispersed particles. These dispersed particles act as carrier particles, since they 3 5 adhere to the treated surface where they release an active substance, for example in the case of use in surfactant formulations.
_ 2 _ US 3,993,830 discloses applying a non-permanent soil-release finish to a textile material by treating the textile material with a dilute aqueous solution comprising a polycarboxylate and a water-soluble salt of a polyvalent metal. Preferred polycarboxylates are said to be water-soluble copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and alkyl acrylates. The mixtures are released in the rinse cycle of a home laundry process.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a further method for modifying surfaces of textile and nontextile materials.
l0 More particularly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for wrinkleproofing cellulosic textiles.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for improving the soil release from textiles and nontextile surfaces.
We have found that this object is achieved in this invention by a method of treating a textile material, which comprises applying a reactive modified particulate polymer having a particle size from 10 nm to 100 pm from an aqueous dispersion to the surface of the textile material and drying the textile material.
The invention further provides for the use of the reactive modified particulate polymers as surface-modifying ingredient in rinsing, refreshing or washing compositions and also laundry detergent, refreshing and textile treatment formulations comprising the particulate polymers.
Reactive modified polymers for the purposes of the invention are particulate polymers containing reactive, crosslinking groups. The reactive modified polymers may contain units derived from anionic and/or cationic monomers and may have anionic, cationic or amphoteric protective colloids or emulsifiers at their surface. The reactive modified 3 0 polymers may contain units derived from monomers containing reactive groups and/or may have at their surface protective colloids or emulsifiers that contain reactive groups.
Reactive modified polymers of anionic character, i.e., which contain anionic groups and/or are dispersed using anionic protective colloids or emulsifiers, may have a coating with cationic polymers at their surface.
The reactive groups may also have a postcrosslinking effect, i.e., develop their crosslinking effect only on heating or drying of the treated textile surfaces.
' CA 02430682 2003-05-28 The reactive modified particulate polymers are obtainable by copolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing no crosslinking reactive groups with ethylenically unsaturated monomers which do contain such crosslinking reactive groups.
But the reactive groups may also be introduced into the polymer by coating the surfaces of the polymer particles with colloids having crosslinking reactive groups.
The reactive modified polymers used according to the invention are in one embodiment of the invention obtainable by copolymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing no reactive groups with ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing reactive groups.
Useful monomers containing no reactive groups include for example alkyl esters of C3-CS
monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with monohydric C1-C~ alcohols, hydroxyalkyl esters of C3-CS monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with dihydric C2-C4 alcohols, vinyl esters of saturated C1-Cla carboxylic acids, ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, C4-C24 alpha-olefins, butadiene, styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, tetrafluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, fluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoro-ethylene, hexafluoropropene or mixtures thereof.
2 o Preferred monomers are methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, sec-butyl acrylate, tent-butyl acrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, styrene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutene, diisobutene and tetrafluoroethylene, and particularly preferred monomers are methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2 5 styrene, methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate.
Useful reactive, crosslinking groups include for example azetidinium, glycidyl ether, halohydrin, carboxylic anhydride, carbonyl chloride, isocyanate, vinyl sulfone, N-methylol, aldehyde and imine groups.
Preferred unsaturated monomers containing reactive groups are N-methylol(meth)acrylamide, glycidyl methacrylate, meths.cryloyloxypropyltrimethylsilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, m-isopropenylbenzyl isocyanate, acrolein, isobutoxymethylacrylamide, isobutoxymethylacrylamide, 3 5 hydroxymethylated diacetoneacrylamide, allyl N-methylolcarbamate, N-formyl-N'-acryloyloxymethylenediamine, gamma-methylacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, methacryloyloxyethoxytrimethylsilane, epithiopropyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, 4-chlorobutyl acrylate, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, methyl 1-(chloromethyl)acrylate, 2-(bromomethyl)acrylonitrile, 2-(chloromethyl)acrylamide, ' CA 02430682 2003-05-28 6-bromo-2-naphthylenyl acrylate, 2-(4-chloro-2-nitroanilino)ethyl acrylate, 6-chloro-S-(trichloromethyl)-2-norbornyl acrylate, 3-chloro-2-[(dimethylphosphinyl)oxy]propyl acrylate, 3-chloro-2-[(1-oxo-3-phenyl-2-propenyl)oxy]propyl methacrylate, 2-phenylallyl bromide, p-chloromethylstyrene, vinyl monochloroacetate, 2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-oxazolinyl methacrylate.
The reactive modified polymers used according to the invention may be prepared by the conventional methods of solution, precipitation, suspension or emulsion polymerization described for example in P. Lovell and M.S. El-Aasser, Emulsion Polymerisation and l0 Emulsion Polymers, Wiley, New York, 1997. Preferably, the reactive modified particulate polymers used according to the invention are obtained by emulsion polymerization in an aqueous medium.
The polymerization is conducted in the presence of polymerization initiators that 1 S decompose either thermally or photochemically or in the presence of redox initiators. Of the polymerization initiators that decompose thermally, preference is given to those which decompose in the range from 20 to 180°C, especially from 50 to 90°C.
Preferred polymerization initiators for the emulsion polymerization are water-soluble 2 0 organic peroxides such as peresters, percarbonates, perketals, hydroperoxides, inorganic peroxides such as H2Oz, salts of peroxosulfuric acid and peroxodisulfuric acid, azo compounds, boron-alkyl compounds and also hydrocarbons that decompose homolytically.
The polymerization initiators, which are used in amounts in the range from 0.01 to 15% by 2 5 weight, based on the monomers, can be used individually or in combination.
An emulsion polymerization to prepare the polymers is generally carried out using dispersing assistants.
3 0 Useful dispersing assistants include water-soluble macromolecular organic compounds having polar groups, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of vinyl propionate or acetate and vinylpyrrolidone, partially hydrolyzed copolymers of an acrylic ester, and acrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohols having different residual acetate contents, cellulose ethers, gelatin, block copolymers, modified starch, low molecular weight carboxyl-and/or sulfo-3 5 containing polymers or mixtures thereof. Useful natural protective colloids include water-soluble proteins, partially degraded proteins, water-soluble cellulose ethers, native starches, degraded starches and/or chemically modified starches. Examples of water-soluble cellulose esters are hydroxyethylcellulose and methylcellulose. Useful natural starches include those obtainable by heating in an aqueous medium to above the ' CA 02430682 2003-05-28 gelatinization temperature. It is also possible to use degraded starches that are obtainable by hydrolytic, oxidative or enzymatic degradation.
Particularly preferred protective colloids are polyvinyl alcohols having a residual acetate content from 0 to 39, especially from 5 to 39, mol% and vinylpyrrolidonelvinyl propionate copolymers having a vinyl ester content of up to 35%, especially from 5 to 30%, by weight.
Useful dispersing assistants further include nonionic or ionic emulsifiers and also mixtures thereof. Preferred emulsifiers are optionally ethoxylated or propoxylated long-chain alkanols or alkylphenols having different degrees of ethoxylation or propoxylation, for example adducts with from 0 to 50 mol of alkylene oxide, and their neutralized, sulfated, sulfonated or phosphated derivatives. Neutralized dialkyl sulfosuccinates or alkyl diphenyl oxide disulfonates are particularly useful.
Useful dispersing assistants further include cationic emulsifiers based on C~-C2s alkylamines, N,N-dimethyl-N-(C~-Czs-hydroxyalkyl)ammonium salts, mono- and di-(CrC2s-alkyl)dimethylammonium compounds quatennized with alkylating agents, ester goats, such as quaternary esterified mono-, di- or trialkanolamines esterified with C~-C~
2 o carboxylic acids, and imidazoline goats, such as 1-alkylimidazolinium salts.
The polymers have for example molar masses from 1 000 to 2 million, preferably from 5 000 to 500 000, and usually the molar masses of the polymers are in the range from 10 000 to 1 SO 000.
The molar masses of the polymers can be limited by using customary regulators in the polymerization. Examples of typical regulators are mercapto compounds such as mercaptoethanol or thioglycolic acid.
3 0 To increase the density of the reactive groups at the surface of the polymer particles, the monomers containing reactive groups can be added in stages and separately from the other monomers. Preferably, the predominant portion of the monomers containing reactive groups is not added until toward the end of the total feed time for all monomers. In a variant for preparing the polymers used according to the invention, 70% of the monomers 3 5 containing the reactive groups are added in the last third of the total feed time.
As well as the polymerization methods mentioned, other methods may also be used for preparing the particulate polymers used according to the invention. For instance, particulate polymers can be precipitated by lowering the solubility of dissolved polymers in a solvent. For example, a polymer containing an acidic group can be dissolved in a suitable, water-miscible solvent and the solution metered into an excess of water in such a way that the pH of the initial charge is at least 1 lower than the equivalent pH of the copolymer. By equivalent pH is meant that pH at which 50% of the acidic groups of the copolymer are neutralized. This method may require the use of a dispersing assistant, pH
regulators and/or salts in order that stable, finely divided aqueous dispersions may be obtained.
The reactive modified polymers used in the invention have a particle size from 10 nm to l0 100 p.m, preferably from 30 nm to 3 ~.m, especially from 50 nm to 800 nm.
The reactive modified polymers used according to the invention may be of anionic, cationic, amphoteric or nonionic character.
Reactive modified polymers of anionic character are obtainable by copolymerizing anionic monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid and malefic acid, monomaleates with C1-C8 alkanols and/or salts thereof, which may be done in the presence of emulsifiers and protective colloids. Anionic monomers as the term is used herein also comprehends 2 0 monomers having acidic groups which are convertible into their salts, even though these are not present in ionic form during the polymerization.
The anionic character for the polymers is also obtainable by conducting the copolymerization in the presence of anionic protective colloids andlor anionic emulsifiers.
But the anionic character for the polymers may also be obtained by emulsifying or dispersing the finished polymers in the presence of anionic protective colloids and/or anionic emulsifiers.
3 o Reactive modified polymers of cationic character are obtainable by including cationic monomers in the polymerization, which rnay be carned out in the presence of emulsifiers and protective colloids. Cationic monomers are herein also to be understood as meaning monomers having basic groups which are convertible into their salts, even though these are not present in ionic form during the polymerization. Useful cationic monomers include 3 5 nitrogenous basic ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the form of the free bases, the salts with organic or inorganic acids or in quaternized form. Useful nitrogenous basic ethylenically unsaturated compounds include for example N,N'-dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylates, for example dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethyl aminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl metha,crylate, _ 7 _ dimethylaminopropyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, diethylaminopropyl acrylate, diethylaminopropyl methacrylate, dimethylaminobutyl acrylate, dimethylaminobutyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoneopentyl acrylate, dimethylaminoneopentyl methacrylate. Useful basic monomers of this group further include N,N'-dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamides, for example N,N'-di-Ci-C3-alkylamino-C2-C6-alkyl(meth)acrylamides, such as dimethylaminoethylacrylamide, dimethylaminoethylmethacrylamide, diethylaminoethylacrylamide, diethylaminoethylmethacrylamide, dipropylaminoethylacrylamide, dipropylaminoethyl-methacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, diethylaminopropylacrylamide, diethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, dimethyl-aminoneopentylacrylamide, dimethylaminoneopentylmethacrylamide and dialkylaminobutylacrylamide.
Useful monomers of this group further include 4-vinylpyridine, 2-vinylpyridine, 1-vinylimidazole, 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole and/or diallyl(di)alkylamines where the alkyl group contains from 1 to 12 carbon atoms. The abovementioned basic monomers are used in the copolymerization in the form of the free bases, the salts with organic or inorganic acids or in quaternized form. Useful carboxylic acids for salt formation include for example carboxylic acids containing from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, for example formic acid, 2 0 acetic acid or propionic acid, benzenecarboxylic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid or inorganic acids such as halohydric acids, for example hydrochloric acid or bromohydric acid. 'The basic monomers mentioned above by way of illustration may also be used in quaternized form. Useful quaternizing agents include for example alkyl halides having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, for example 2 5 methyl chloride, methyl bromide, methyl iodide, ethyl chloride, propyl chloride, hexyl chloride, dodecyl chloride, lauryl chloride and benzyl halides, especially benzyl chloride and benzyl bromide. The nitrogenous basic monomers may also be quaternized by reacting these compounds with dialkyl sulfates, especially diethyl sulfate or dimethyl sulfate.
Examples of quaternized monomers of this group are trimethylammoniumethyl 3 o methacrylate chloride, dimethylethylammoniummethyl methacrylate ethyl sulfate and dimethylethylammoniumethylmethacrylamide ethyl sulfate, 3-methyl-1-vinylimidazolinium chloride.
But the cationic character for the polymers is also obtainable by conducting the 3 5 copolymerization in the presence of cationic protective colloids and/or cationic emulsifiers.
But the cationic character for the polymers mentioned is also obtainable by emulsifying or dispersing the finished polymers in the presence of cationic protective colloids and/or cationic emulsifiers.
, _ An overview of a selection of suitable cationic surfactants may be found in Ullmanns Enzyklopadie der Industriellen Chemie, Sixth Edition, 1999, Electronic Release, "Surfactants", Chapter 8, Cationic Surfactants.
Reactive modified polymers of amphoteric character are obtainable by including both cationic and anionic monomers. Useful monomers include for example the aforementioned cationic and anionic monomers.
'The amphoteric character for the polymers is also obtainable by conducting the copolymerization in the presence of amphoteric protective colloids and/or amphoteric emulsifiers.
But the amphoteric character for the polymers is also obtainable by emulsifying or dispersing the finished polymers in the presence of amphoteric protective colloids and/or amphoteric emulsifiers.
Reactive modified polymers are obtainable for example by copolymerization of 2 0 (a) from 40 to 99.9% by weight, preferably from 50 to 90% by weight, particularly preferably from 60 to 75% by weight, of at least one sparingly water-soluble or water-insoluble nonionic monomer, (b) from 0 to 60% by weight, preferably from 1 to 55% by weight, particularly 2 5 preferably from 5 to 50% by weight, especially from 15 to 40% by weight, of carboxyl-containing monomers or salts thereof, (c) from 0 to 25% by weight, preferably from 0 to 15% by weight, of sulfo-and/or phosphono-containing monomers or salts thereof, (d) from 0 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0 to 15% by weight, of cationic monomers, (e) from 0 to 55% by weight, preferably from 0 to 40% by weight, of water-soluble 3 5 nonionic monomers, (fj from 0 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0 to 10% by weight, of multiply ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and (g) from 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0.25 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight, of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing reactive, crosslinking groups.
Polymers containing units derived from at least one anionic monomer b) or c) can be used without additional anionic emulsifiers or protective colloids. Polymers containing less than 0.5% by weight of units derived from anionic monomers are usually used together with at least one anionic emulsifier or protective colloid.
Preferred monomers a) are methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, sec-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, styrene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutene, diisobutene and tetrafluoroethylene, and particularly preferred monomers are methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, styrene, methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate.
Preferred monomers b) are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, malefic acid or monomaleates with C,-C8 alkanols.
2 0 Useful monomers c) include for example acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid and also their alkali metal and ammonium salts.
Useful monomers d) include for example dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, 1-vinylimidazole, 3-methyl-1-vinylimidazolinium 2 5 chloride and 4-vinylpyridine.
Useful monomers e) include for example acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinyloxazolidone, methyl polyglycol acrylates, methyl polyglycol methacrylates, methylpolyglycolacrylamides and vinylcaprolactam.
Useful polyunsaturated monomers f) include for example acrylic esters, methacrylic esters, allyl ethers and vinyl ethers of at least dihydric alcohols. T'he OH groups of the underlying alcohols may be wholly or partly etherified or esterified. Crosslinkers contain at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups. Examples are butanediol diacrylate, hexanediol 3 5 diacrylate and trimethylolpropane triacrylate. Useful unsaturated monomers e) further include for example allyl esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids, divinylbenzene, methylenebisacrylamide and divinylurea.
1.~ -Preferred crosslinking but mainly postcrosslinking unsaturated monomers g) containing reactive groups are N-methylol(meth)acrylamide, glycidyl methacrylate, methacryloyloxypropyltrimethylsilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, m-isopropenylbenzyl isocyanate, acrolein, isobutoxymethylacrylamide, hydroxymethylated diacetoneacrylamide, allyl N-methylolcarbamate, N-formyl-N'-acryloyloxy-methylenediamine, gamma-methylacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, methacryloyloxyethoxytrimethylsilane, epithiopropyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, 4-chlorobutyl acrylate, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, methyl 1-(chloromethyl)acrylate, 2-(bromomethyl)acrylonitrile, 2-(chloromethyl)acrylamide, 6-bromo-2-naphthylenyl acrylate, 2-(4-chloro-2-nitroanilino)ethyl acrylate, 6-chloro-5-(trichloromethyl)-2-norbornyl acrylate, 3-chloro-2-[(dimethylphosphinyl)oxy]propyl acrylate, 3-chloro-2-[(1-oxo-3-phenyl-2-propenyl)oxy]propyl methacrylate, 2-phenylallyl bromide, p-chloromethylstyrene, vinyl monochloroacetate, 2-{4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-oxazolinyl methacrylate.
One embodiment of the invention comprises using reactive modified particulate polymers having an anionic character, i.e., containing anionic groups and/or being dispersed with anionic protective colloids or emulsifiers and having a coating of cationic polymer on their surface.
These reactive modified particulate polymers which have been cationically modified are obtainable by coating the surface of the anionically dispersed, particulate polymers with cationic polymers. Useful cationic polymers include all natural or synthetic cationic polymers which contain amino and/or ammonium groups and are water soluble.
Examples 2 5 of such cationic polymers are polymers containing vinylamine units, polymers containing vinylimidazole units, polymers containing quaternary vinylimidazole units, condensates of imidazole and epichlorohydrin, crbsslinked polyamidoamines, ethyleneimine-grafted crosslinked polyamidoamines, polyethyleneimines, alkoxylated polyethyleneimines, crosslinked polyethyleneimines, amidated polyethyleneimines, alkylated 3 0 polyethyleneimines, polyamines, amine-epichlorohydrin polycondensates, alkoxylated polyamines, polyallylamines, polydimethyldiallylammonium chlorides, polymers containing basic (meth)acrylamide or methacrylate units, polymers containing basic quaternary (meth)acrylamide or methacrylate units and/or lysine condensates.
3 5 Cationic polymers also include amphoteric polymers having a net cationic charge, i.e., the polymers contain anionic as well as cationic monomers in copolymerized form, but the molar fraction of the cationic units present in the polymer is larger than that of the anionic units.
Polymers containing vinylamine units are prepared for example from open-chained N-vinylcarboxamides of the formula (I) R' CHZ=CH-N\ 2 (I) C -R
f O
where Ri and R2, which may be identical or different, are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C,-C6-alkyl. Useful monomers include for example N-vinylformamide (Rl=R2=H in formula I), N-vinyl-N-methylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-ethylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylpropionamide and N-vinylpropionamide. The monomers mentioned may be polymerized either alone or mixed with each other or together with other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers to prepare the polymers. Preference is given to starting from homo- or copolymers of N-vinylformamide. Polymers containing vinylamine units are known for example from US 4,421,602, EP-A-0 216 387 and EP-A-0 251 182.
They are obtained by hydrolysis, with acids, bases or enzymes, of polymers containing monomers of the formula I in polymerized form.
Useful monoethylenica,lly unsaturated monomers for copolymerization with N-vinylcarboxamides include all compounds that are copolymerizable therewith.
Examples thereof are vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic acids of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl butyrate and vinyl ethers such as C1-C6-alkyl vinyl ethers, for example methyl vinyl ether or ethyl vinyl ether.
Useful comonomers further include ethylenically unsaturated C3-C6-carboxylic acids, for example acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, malefic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid and vinylacetic acid and also their alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts, esters, amides and nitrites of the carboxylic acids mentioned, for example methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl 2 5 acrylate and ethyl methacrylate.
Useful monoethylenically unsaturated monomers for copolyrnerization with N-vinylcarboxamides further include carboxylic esters derived from glycols or polyalkylene glycols where in each case only one OH group is esterified, for example 3 0 hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate and also monoacrylate esters of polyalkylene glycols having a molar mass from 500 to 10 000.
Useful comonomers further include esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids 3 5 with amino alcohols such as dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylamino-propyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, diethylaminopropyl acrylate, dimethylaminobutyl acrylate and diethylaminobutyl acrylate. Basic acrylates can be used in the form of the free bases, the salts with mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid, the salts with organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid or sulfonic acids or in quaternized form. Useful quaternizing agents include for example dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate, methyl chloride, ethyl chloride or benzyl chloride.
l0 Useful comonomers further include amides of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylamide, methacrylamide and also N-alkylmonoamides and -diamides of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with alkyl radicals of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example N-methylacrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N-propylacrylamide and tert-butylacrylamide and also basic (meth)acrylamides, for example dimethylaminoethylacrylamide, dimethylaminoethylmethacrylamide, diethylaminoethylacrylamide, diethylaminoethylmethacrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl-acrylamide, diethylaminopropylacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide and diethylaminopropylmethacrylamide.
Useful comonomers further include N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylcaprolactam, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, N-vinylimidazole and also substituted N-vinylimidazoles such as, for example N-vinyl-2-methylimidazole, N-vinyl-4-methylimidazole, N-vinyl-5-methylimidazole, N-vinyl-2-ethylimidazole and N-vinylimidazolines such as 2 5 N-vinylimidazoline, N-vinyl-2-methylimidazoline and N-vinyl-2-ethylimidazoline.
N-Vinylimidazoles and N-vinylimidazolines are used not only in the form of their free bases but also after neutralization with mineral acids or organic acids or after quaternization, a quaternization being preferably effected with dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate, methyl chloride or benzyl chloride. Also useful are diallyldialkylammonium 3 0 halides, for example diallyldimethylammonium chlorides.
Useful comonomers further include sulfo-containing monomers, for example vinylsulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, the alkali metal or ammonium salts of these acids or 3-sulfopropyl acrylate, and the amphoteric copolymers 3 5 contain more cationic units than anionic units, so that have a net cationic charge.
The copolymers contain for example - from 99.99 to 1 mol%, preferably from 99.9 to 5 mol%, of N-vinylcarboxamides of the formula I and - from 0.01 to 99 mol%, preferably from 0.1 to 95 mol%, of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable therewith in copolymerized form.
To prepare polymers containing vinylamine units, it is preferable to start from l0 homopolymers of N-vinylformamide or from copolymers obtainable by copolymerization of - N-vinylformamide with - vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, acrylonitrile, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinylurea, acrylic acid, N-vinylpyrrolidone or C1-C6-alkyl vinyl ethers and subsequent hydrolysis of the homo- or copolymers to form vinylamine units from the copolymerized N-vinylformamide units, the degree of hydrolysis being for example in the 2 0 range from 0.1 to 100 mol%.
The hydrolysis of the hereinabove described polymers is effected according to known processes by the action of acids, bases or enzymes. This converts the copolymerized monomers of the hereinabove indicated formula I through detachment of the group C R? {II) O
where R2 is as defined for the formula I, into polymers which contain vinylamine units of the formula (III) (III) N
H/ R' where Rt is as defined for the formula I. When acids are used as hydrolyzing agents, the units III are present as ammonium salt.
The homopolymers of the N-vinylcarboxamides of the formula I and their copolymers may be hydrolyzed to an extent in the range from 0.1 to 100 mol%, preferably to an extent in the range from 70 to 100 mol%. In most cases, the degree of hydrolysis of the homo- and copolymers is in the range from 5 to 95 mol%. The degree of hydrolysis of the homopolymers is synonymous with the vinylamine units content of the polymers.
In the case of copolymers containing units derived from vinyl esters, the hydrolysis of the N-vinylformamide units can be accompanied by a hydrolysis of the ester groups with the formation of vinyl alcohol units. This is the case especially when the hydrolysis of the copolymers is carried out in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
Copolymerized acrylonitrile is likewise chemically modified in the hydrolysis, for example converted into amide groups or carboxyl groups. The homo- and copolymers containing vinylamine units may optionally contain up to 20 mol% of amidine units, formed for example by reaction of formic acid with two adjacent amino groups or by intramolecular reaction of an amino group with an adj acent amide group, for example of copolymerized N-vinylformamide. The molar masses of the polymers containing vinylamine units range for example from 1 000 to 10 million, preferably from 10 000 to 5 million (determined by light scattering). This molar mass range corresponds for example to K values of from 5 to 300, preferably from 10 to 250 (determined by the method of H. Fikentscher in 5%
2 0 aqueous sodium chloride solution at 25°C and a polymer concentration of 0.5% by weight).
The polymers containing vinylamine units are preferably used in salt-free form. Salt-free aqueous solutions of polymers containing vinylamine units are preparable for example 2 5 from the hereinabove described salt-containing polymer solutions by ultrafiltration using suitable membranes _having molecular weight cutoffs at for example from 1 000 to 500 000 dalton, preferably from 10 000 to 300 000 dalton. The hereinbelow described aqueous solutions of other polymers containing amino and/or ammonium groups are likewise obtainable in salt-free form by ultrafiltration.
Useful cationic polymers further include polyethyleneimines.
Polyethyleneimines are prepared for example by polymerizing ethyleneimine in aqueous solution in the presence of acid-detaching compounds, acids or Lewis acids. Polyethyleneimines have for example molar masses of up to 2 million, preferably from 200 to 500 000. Particular preference is 3 5 given to using polyethyleneimines having molar masses of from 500 to 100 000. Useful polyethyleneimines further include water-soluble crosslinked polyethyleneimines which are obtainable by reaction of polyethyleneimines with crosslinkers such as epichlorohydrin or bischlorohydrin ethers of polyalkylene glycols containing from 2 to 100 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units. Also useful are amidic polyethyleneimines which are obtainable for example by amidation of polyethyleneimines with C1-C22-monocarboxylic acids. Useful cationic polymers further include alkylated polyethyleneimines and alkoxylated polyethyleneimines. Alkoxylation is carried out using for example from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide or propylene oxide units per NH unit in the polyethyleneimine.
Useful polymers containing amino and/or ammonium groups also include polyamidoamines, which are preparable for example by condensing dicarboxylic acids with polyamines. Useful polyamidoamines are obtained for example when dicarboxylic acids having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms are reacted with polyalkylenepolyamines l0 containing from 3 to 10 basic nitrogen atoms in the molecule. Useful dicarboxylic acids include for example succinic acid, malefic acid, adipic acid, glutaric acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid or terephthalic acid. Polyamidoamines may also be prepared using mixtures of dicarboxylic acids as well as a mixture of plural polyalkylenepolyamines.
Useful polyalkylenepolyamines include for example diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, dipropylenetriamine, tripropylenetetramine, dihexamethylenetriamine, aminopropylethylenediamine and bis-aminopropylethylene-diamine. The dicarboxylic acids and polyalkylenepolyamines are heated at an elevated temperature, for example at from 120 to 220°C, preferably at from 130 to 180°C, to prepare the polyamidoamines. The water of condensation formed is removed from the 2 0 system. The condensation may also employ lactones or lactams of carboxylic acids having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms. The amount of a polyalkylenepolyamine used per mole of a dicarboxylic acid is for example in the range from 0.8 to 1.4 mol.
Amino-containing polymers further include ethyleneimine-grafted polyamidoamines. They 2 5 are obtainable from the hereinabove described polyamidoamines by reaction with ethyleneimine in the presence of acids or Lewis acids such as sulfuric acid or boron trifluoride etherates at for example from 80 to 100°C. Compounds of this kind are described for example in DE-B-24 34 816.
3 0 Useful cationic polymers also include crosslinked or uncrosslinked polyamidoamines which may additionally have been grafted with ethyleneimine prior to crosslinking.
Crosslinked ethyleneimine-grafted polyamidoamines are water soluble and have for example an average molar weight of from 3 000 to 1 million dalton. Customary crosslinkers include for example epichlorohydrin or bischlorohydrin ethers of alkylene 3 5 glycols and polyalkylene glycols.
Further examples of cationic polymers that contain amino and/or ammonium groups are polyallyldirnethylammonium chlorides. Polymers of this kind are likewise known.
a Useful cationic polymers further include copolymers of for example 1-99 mol%, preferably 30-70 mol%, of acrylamide and/or methacrylamide and 99-1 mol%, preferably 70-30 mol%, of cationic monomers such as dialkylaminoalkylacrylamide, dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide and/or dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate. The basic acrylamides and methacrylamides are preferably likewise present in acid-neutralized form or in quaternized form. Examples are N-trimethylammoniumethylacrylamide chloride, N-trimethylammoniumethylmethacrylamide chloride, N-trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate chloride, N-trimethylammoniumethyl acrylate chloride, l0 trimethylammoniumethylacrylamide methosulfate, trimethylammoniumethylmethacrylamide methosulfate, N-ethyldimethylammoniumethylacrylamide ethosulfate, N-ethyldimethylammoniumethylmethacrylamide ethosulfate, trimethylammoniumpropylacrylamide chloride, trimethylammoniumpropylmethacrylamide chloride, trimethylammoniumpropylacrylamide methosulfate, trimethyl-ammoniumpropylmethacrylamide methosulfate and N-ethyldimethylammoniumpropylacrylamide ethosulfate. Preference is given to trimethylammoniumpropylmethacrylamide chloride.
2 0 Further useful cationic monomers for preparing (meth)acrylamide polymers are diallyldimethylammonium halides and also basic (meth)acrylates. Useful examples are copolymers of 1-99 mol%, preferably 30-70 mol%, of acrylamide and/or methacrylamide and 99-1 mol%, preferably 70-30 mol%; of dialkylaminoalkyl acrylates and/or methacrylates such as copolymers of acrylamide and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate or 2 5 copolymers of acrylamide and dimethylaminopropyl acrylate. Basic acrylates or methacrylates are preferably present in acid neutralized from or in quaternized form.
Quaternization may be effected for example with methyl chloride or with dimethyl sulfate.
Useful cationic polymers containing amino and/or ammonium groups further include 3 0 polyallylamines. Polymers of this kind are obtained by homopolymerization of allylamine, preferably in acid neutralized form or in quaternized form, or by copolymerization of allylamine with other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers described above as comonomers for N-vinylcarboxamides.
3 5 The cationic polymers have for example K values of from 8 to 300, preferably from 100 to 180 (determined by the method of H. Fikentscher in 5% aqueous sodium chloride solution at 25°C and a polymer concentration of 0.5% by weight). At pH 4.5, for example, they have a charge density of at least 1, preferably at least 4, meq/g of polyelectrolyte.
Examples of preferred cationic polymers are polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride, polyethyleneimine, polymers containing vinylamine units, copolymers of acrylamide or methacrylamide that contain basic monomers in copolymerized form, polymers containing lysine units or mixtures thereof. Examples of cationic polymers are:
~ copolymers of 50% of vinylpyrrolidone and 50% of trimethylammoniummethyl methacrylate methosulfate, MW 1 000-500 000;
~ copolymers of 30% of acrylamide and 70% of trimethylammoniummethyl methacrylate methosulfate, MW 1 000-1 000 000;
~ copolymers of 70% of acrylamide and 30% of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylamide, MW
1 000-1 000 000;
~ copolymers of 50% of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 50% of 2-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylamide, MW 1 000-500 000;
~ copolymer of 70% of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 50% of 2-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylamide; copolymer of 30% of vinylimidazole 2 0 methochloride, 50% of dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, 15% of acrylamide, 5%
of acrylic acid;
~ polylysines of MW 250-250 000, preferably 500-100 000, and also lysine cocondensates having MW molar masses from 250 to 250 000, the cocondensable component being 2 5 selected for example from amines, polyamines, ketene dimers, lactams, alcohols, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated alcohols and/or nonproteinogenic amino acids, ~ vinylamine homopolymers, 1-99% hydrolyzed polyvinylformamides, copolymers of vinylformamide and vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, vinylpyrrolidone or acrylamide 3 0 having molar masses of 3 000-500 000, ~ vinylimidazole homopolyrners, vinylimidazole copolymers with vinylpyrrolidone, vinylformamide, acrylamide or vinyl acetate having molar masses of from 5 000 to 500 000 and also their quaternary derivatives, ~ polyethyleneimines, crosslinked polyethyleneimines or amidated polyethyleneimines having molar masses of from 500 to 3 000 000, 1$
~ amine-epichlorohydrin polycondensates which contain imidazole, piperazine C1-C$-alkylamines, C,-C8-dialkylamines and/or dimethylaminopropylamine as amine component and have a molar mass of from 500 to 250 000, and ~ polymers containing basic (meth)acrylamide or (meth)acrylate ester units, polymers containing basic quaternary (meth)acrylamide or (meth)acrylate ester units having molar masses of from 10 000 to 2 000 000.
It is also possible to include a minor amount (<10% by weight) of anionic comonomers, for example acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinylsulfonic acid or alkali metal salts of the acids mentioned.
Anionically dispersed particles of reactive modified polymers may be additionally cationically modified, if necessary, by treatment with polyvalent metal ions and/or cationic surfactants as well as treatment with cationic polymers. Coating of the particles with polyvalent metal ions is obtained when, for example, an aqueous dispersion of an anionically dispersed reactive modified polymers is admixed with an aqueous solution of at least one water-soluble polyvalent metal salt or a water-soluble polyvalent metal salt is dissolved therein, the modification of the anionically dispersed reactive modified particles 2 0 with cationic polymers being effected either before, concurrently with or after this treatment. Useful metal salts include for example the water-soluble salts of Ca, Mg, Ba, Al, Zn, Fe, Cr or mixtures thereof. Other water-soluble heavy metal salts derived for example from Cu, Ni, Co and Mn are useful in principle, but not desired in all applications.
Examples of water-soluble metal salts are calcium chloride, calcium acetate, magnesium 2 5 chloride, aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, barium chloride, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, iron(II) sulfate, iron(III) chloride, chromium(III) sulfate, copper sulfate, nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and manganese sulfate. Cationization is preferably effected using the water-soluble salts of Mg, Ca, A1 and Zn.
3 o There are many industrial uses and uses in the home where the modification of the properties of the textile and nontextile surfaces with polymer dispersions is important. It is not always possible to effect the modification of the surfaces by impregnating, spraying and brushing processes involving concentrated dispersions. It is frequently desirable to effect the modification by rinsing the surface to be treated with a very dilute liquor that 3 5 contains an active substance. It is frequently desirable in this context to combine the modifying treatment of the surface with a wash, clean and/or conditioning or impregnation of the surface. Useful surfaces here are in particular surfaces of textile materials such as cotton and cotton blend fabrics. In addition, installed carpeting and furniture covers can be treated according to the invention. The surfaces of textile materials may be modified for example to provide them with water resistance, soil release properties, soil resist properties, improved integrity of the fiber assemblage and protection against chemical or mechanical effects and damage.
The reactive modified particulate polymers are used for modifying surfaces of the hereinabove exemplified materials as an ingredient in rinsing or care compositions, washing or cleaning compositions, for textile and further, nontextile surfaces. Especially contemplated uses are in washing, cleaning and aftertreating of textiles, leather, wood, floor coverings, glass, ceramics and other-surfaces in the home and in the industrial sector.
to The reactive modified particulate polymers are used in the form of a dilute, predominantly aqueous, dispersion. The use takes the form of a treatment of the surfaces in washing, cleaning and rinsing liquors to which the polymers are added either directly or by means of a liquid or solid formulation, or in the form of a finely divided application of a liquid formulation, for example by spraying.
The reactive modified particulate polymers can be used for example as sole active component in aqueous rinsing and care compositions and, depending on the composition of the polymer, provide for example for easier soil release in subsequent wash, reduced soil 2 0 attachment in the use of the textiles, improved structural integrity of fibers, improved shape retention and structural integrity for fabrics, water repellency on the surface of the washed material and also hand improvement.
The concentration of the reactive modified particulate polymers when used in a rinse or 2 5 care bath, a washing liquor or cleaning bath is for example in the range from 0.0002 to 1 by weight, preferably 0.0005 to 0.25% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.002 to 0.05% by weight.
The abovementioned applications can in principle be carried out using all reactive 3 0 modified particulate polymers. Depending on the embodiment, it can be advantageous to select a certain monomer composition to obtain particularly advantageous modifications.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the polymers used contain units derived from cationic monomers and as a result possess enhanced affinity for the surfaces to be treated.
In a further preferred embodiment, the polymers used contain units derived from anionic monomers and are used together with the cationic polymers, cationic surfactants and/or polyvalent metal cations. The surfaces, for example textile surfaces, are treated with aqueous liquors containing for example from 2.5 to 300 ppm, preferably from 5 to 200 ppm, especially from 10 to 100 ppm, of at least one cationic polymer, up to 5 mmol/1, preferably up to 3.5 mmol/1, of water-soluble salts of polyvalent metals, especially salts of Ca, Mg or Zn, and/or up to 2 mmol/1, preferably up to 0.75 mmol/1, of water-soluble Al salts, and/or up to 600 ppm, preferably up to 300 ppm, of cationic surfactants.
A further preferred embodiment comprises using alkali-swellable, particularly preferably alkali-soluble; reactive modified polymers. Such polymers are particularly useful for example for improving the soil release of textile and nontextile surfaces.
Suitable reactive modified alkali-soluble polymers contain for example l0 (a) from 30 to 80% by weight, preferably from 40 to 75% by weight, particularly preferably from 50 to 70% by weight, of at least one sparingly water-soluble or water-insoluble nonionic monomer, (b) from 20 to 70% by weight, preferably from 25 to 60% by weight, particularly preferably from 30 to 50% by weight, of at least one carboxyl-containing monomer or salts thereof, (c) from 0 to 25% by weight, preferably from 0 to 15% by weight, of one or more 2 0 sulfo- and/or phosphono-containing monomers or salts thereof, (d) from 0 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0 to 15% by weight, of one or more cationic monomers, 2 5 (e) from 0 to 55% by weight, preferably from 0 to 40% by weight, of one or more water-soluble nonionic monomers, (f) from 0 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0 to 10% by weight, of one or more multiply ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and (g) from 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight, of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing reactive groups.
Compositions for treating surfaces may have the following composition for example:
(a) from 0.05 to 40% by weight of a reactive modified particulate polymer whose particle size is from 10 nm to 100 pm, (b) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more cationic polymers, (c) from 0 to 30% by weight of one or more water-soluble salts of Mg, Ca, Zn or Al andlor of one or more cationic surfactants, (d) from 0 to 80% by weight of one or more customary ingredients such as acids or bases, inorganic builders, organic cobuilders, further surfactants, polymeric dye transfer inhibitors, polymeric soil antiredeposition agents, soil release polymers, enzymes, complexing agents, corrosion inhibitors, waxes, silicone oils, light stabilizers, dyes, solvents, hydrotropes, thickeners and/or alkanolamines.
The invention also provides laundry aftertreatment and laundry refreshing compositions and also solid and liquid laundry detergent formulations that contain the reactive modified particulate polymers.
Laundry aftertreatment and laundry refreshing compositions contain for example (a) from 0.1 to 40% by weight of a reactive modified particulate polymer having a particle size from 10 nm to 100 ~,m and present as a dispersion in water, 2 0 (b} from 0 to 20% by weight of one or more organic acids such as formic acid, citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid or a mixture thereof, (c) from 0 to 10% by weight of a cationic polymer, 2 5 (d) from 0 to 30% by weight of one or more water-soluble salts of Mg, Ca, Zn or Al and/or of one or more cationic surfactants, (e) from 0 to 30% by weight of one or more nonionic surfactants, 3 0 (f) from 0 to 30% by weight of further customary ingredients such as perfume, silicone oils, other lubricants, film-forming polymers, stabilizers, corrosion control additives, preservatives, bactericides, light stabilizers, dye, complexing agents, soil antiredeposition agents, soil release polyesters, color transfer inhibitors, nonaqueous solvent, hydrotropes, thickeners and/or alkanolamines, and (g) water ad 100% by weight.
Preferred cationic surfactants are selected from the group of the quaternary diesterammonium salts, the quaternary tetraalkylammonium salts, the quaternary diamidoammonium salts, the amidoamine esters and imidazolium salts. These are preferably present in an amount of from 3 to 30% by weight in the laundry refreshers.
Examples are quaternary diesterammonium salts which have two C11- to C22-alk(en)ylcarbonyloxy(mono- to pentamethylene) radicals and two C1- to C3-alkyl or -hydroxyalkyl radicals on the quaternary nitrogen atom and, for example, chloride, bromide, methosulfate or sulfate as counterion.
Quaternary diesterammonium salts further include in particular those which have a C1,- to C22-alk(en)ylcarbonyloxytrimethylene radical bearing a C11- to C22-alk(en)ylcarbonyloxy l0 radical on the central carbon atom of the trimethylene group and three C1-to C3-alkyl or -hydroxyalkyl radicals on the quaternary nitrogen atom and, for example, chloride, bromide, methosulfate or sulfate as counterion.
Quaternary tetraalkylammonium salts are in particular those which have two C1-to C6-alkyl radicals and two C8- to C24-alk(en)yl radicals on the quaternary nitrogen atom and, for example, chloride, bromide, methosulfate or sulfate as counterion.
Quaternary diamidoammonium salts are in particular those which bear two C8- to C24-alk(en)ylcarbonylaminoethylene radicals, a substituent selected from hydrogen, 2 o methyl, ethyl and polyoxyethylene having up to 5 oxyethylene units and as fourth radical a methyl group on the quaternary nitrogen atom and, for example, chloride, bromide, methosulfate or sulfate as counterion.
Amidoamino esters are in particular tertiary amines bearing a Cll- to 2 5 C~-alk(en)ylcarbonylamino(mono- to trimethylene) radical, a C 1 i- to C~-alk(en)ylcarbonyloxy(mono- to trimethylene) radical and a methyl group as substituents on the nitrogen atom.
Imidazolinium salts are in particular those which bear a Ci4- to CI8-alk(en)yl radical in 30 position 2 of the heterocycle, a Ci4- to Clg-alk(en)ylcarbonyl(oxy or amino)ethylene radical on the neutral nitrogen atom and hydrogen, methyl or ethyl on the nitrogen atom carrying the positive charge, while counterions here are for example chloride, bromide, methosulfate or sulfate.
3 5 Solid laundry detergent formulations according to the invention contain (a) from 0.05 to 20% by weight of a reactive modified particulate polymer having a particle size from 10 nm to 100 Vim, (b) from 0.1 to 40% by weight of at least one nonionic and/or anionic surfactant, (c) from 0 to 50% by weight of one or more inorganic builders, (d) from 0 to 20% by weight of one or more organic cobuilders, (e) from 0 to 60% by weight of other customary ingredients such as cationic surfactants, standardizers, enzymes, perfume, complexing agents, corrosion inhibitors, bleaches, bleach activators, bleach catalysts, dye transfer inhibitors, soil antiredeposition agents, soil release polyesters, dyes, dissolution improvers andlor disintegrants, said components (a) to (e) adding up to 100% by weight.
The solid laundry detergent formulations of the invention are customarily present as a powder, granules, an extrudate or in tablet form.
Liquid laundry detergent formulations of the invention contain 2 0 (a) from 0.05 to 20% by weight of a reactive modified particulate polymer having a particle size from 10 nm to 100 ~,m, (b) from 0.1 to 40% by weight of at least one nonionic andlor anionic surfactant, 2 5 (c) from 0 to 20% by weight of one or more inorganic builders, (d) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more organic cobuilders, (e) from 0 to 40% by weight of other customary ingredients such as cationic 3 0 surfactants, sodium carbonate, enzymes, perfume, complexing agents, corrosion inhibitors, bleaches, bleach activators, bleach catalysts, dye transfer inhibitors, soil antiredeposition agents, soil release polyesters, dyes, nonaqueous solvents, hydrotropes, thickeners and/or alkanolamines, and 3 5 (fj from 0 to 99.85% by weight of water, components (a) to (f) adding up to 100% by weight.
Useful anionic surfactants are in particular:
- (fatty) alcohol sulfates of (fatty) alcohols having from 8 to 22, preferably from 10 to 18, carbon atoms, for example C9- to C,1-alcohol sulfates, C12- to C14-alcohol sulfates, C12- to C1g-alcohol sulfates, lauryl sulfate, cetyl sulfate, myristyl sulfate, palmityl sulfate, stearyl sulfate and tallow fatty alcohol sulfate;
- sulfated alkoxylated C8- to C22-alcohols (alkyl ether sulfates). Compounds of this kind are prepared for example by first alkoxylating a C8- to Czz-alcohol, preferably a Clo- to C18-alcohol, for example a fatty alcohol, and then sulfating the alkoxylation product.
The alkoxylation is preferably carried out using ethylene oxide;
l0 - linear Cg- to C2o-alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS), preferably linear C9- to Ci3-alkylbenzenesulfonates and -alkyltoluenesulfonates;
- alkanesulfonates such as Cg- to C24-alkanesulfonates, preferably Clo- to C 18-alkanesulfonates;
- soaps such as, for example, the sodium and potassium salts of C8- to C24-carboxylic acids.
The anionic surfactants mentioned are preferably included in the laundry detergent in the form of salts. Suitable cations in these salts are alkali metal ions such as sodium, potassium and lithium and ammonium ions such as hydroxyethylammonium, 2 0 di(hydroxyethyl)ammonium and tri(hydroxyethyl)ammonium.
Useful nonionic surfactants are in particular:
- alkoxylated C8- to C22-alcohols such as fatty alcohol alkoxylates or oxo alcohol 2 5 alkoxylates. These may have been alkoxylated with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide. Useful surfactants here include all alkoxylated alcohols which contain at least two molecules of one of the aforementioned alkylene oxides.
Here it is possible to use block polymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide or addition products which contain the aforementioned alkylene oxides in 3 0 random distribution. Nonionic surfactants generally contain from 2 to 50, preferably from 3 to 20, mol of at least one alkylene oxide per mole of alcohol. The alkylene oxide component is preferably ethylene oxide. The alcohols preferably have from 10 to 18 carbon atoms. Depending on the type of alkoxylation catalyst used to make them, alkoxylates have a broad or narrow alkylene oxide homolog distribution;
35 - alkylphenol alkoxylates such as alkylphenol ethoxylates having C6- to C14-alkyl chains and from 5 to 30 alkylene oxide units;
- alkylpolyglucosides having from 8 to 22, preferably from 10 to 18, carbon atoms in the alkyl chain and generally from 1 to 20, preferably from 1.1 to 5, glucoside units;
' - 25 -- N-alkylglucamides, fatty acid amide alkoxylates, fatty acid alkanolamide alkoxylates and also block copolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide.
Useful inorganic builders are in particular:
- crystalline or amorphous aluminosilicates having ion-exchanging properties such as zeolites in particular. Useful zeolites include in particular zeolites A, X, B, P, MAP
and HS in their sodium form or in forms in which sodium has been partly replaced by other cations such as lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium or ammonium;
l0 - crystalline silicates such as in particular disilicates or sheet-silicates, for example S-Na2Si205 or (3-Na2Si205. Silicates can be used in the form of their alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts, preferably as sodium, lithium and magnesium silicates;
- amorphous silicates such as for example sodium metasilicate or amorphous disilicate;
- carbonates and bicarbonates. These can be used in the form of their alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts. Preference is given to sodium, lithium and magnesium carbonates or bicarbonates, especially sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate;
- polyphosphates such as for example pentasodium triphosphate.
Useful organic cobuilders include in particular low molecular weight, oligomeric or polymeric carboxylic acids.
- Useful low molecular weight carboxylic acids include for example citric acid, 2 5 hydrophobic modified citric acid such as for example agaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid, glutaric acid, succinic acid, imidodisuccinic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, propanetricarboxylic acid, butanetetracarboxylic acid, cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid, alkyl- and alkenylsuccinic acids and aminopolycar-boxylic acids such as for example nitrilotria.cetic acid, (3-alaninediacetic acid, 3 o ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, serinediacetic acid, isoserinediacetic acid, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid and methyl-and ethylglycinediacetic acid;
- useful oligomeric or polymeric carboxylic acids include for example homopolymers of acrylic acid, oligomaleic acids, copolymers of malefic acid with acrylic acid, 3 5 methacrylic acid, C2-C22-olefins such as for example isobutene or long-chain a-olefins, vinyl alkyl ethers having C1-C8-alkyl groups, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, (meth)acrylic esters of C1- to C8-alcohols and styrene. Preference is given to using the homopolymers of acrylic acid and copolymers of acrylic acid with malefic acid. Polyaspartic acids are also useful as organic cobuilders. Oligomeric and polymeric carboxylic acids are used in acid form or as sodium salt.
When the reactive modified particulate polymers are to be cationically modified, this is preferably effected before use in the aqueous treatments, but can also be effected in the course of the manufacture of the aqueous treatments or the use of anionically dispersed particulate polymers having a particle size from 10 nm to 100 ~m by for example mixing aqueous dispersions of the contemplated particulate polymers with the other ingredients of the particular treatment in the presence of cationic polymers and optionally of water-soluble salts of polyvalent metals and/or cationic surfactants.
In a particular embodiment, reactive modified polymers of anionic character, or formulations containing same, can be added directly to the rinsing, washing or cleaning liquor, provided it is ensured that the liquor contains suffcient amounts of cationic polymers and optionally polyvalent metal ions and/or cationic surfactants in dissolved form. It is possible, for example, to use polymers of anionic character, or formulations containing same, in liquors containing from 2.5 to 300 ppm of cationic polymers and optionally above 0.5 mmoln, preferably above 1 mmol/1, particularly preferably above 2 mmol/1, of water-soluble salts of Ca, Mg or Zn. When the cationic surfactants are used, 2 0 they are used for example in concentrations from 50 to 100 ppm, preferably from 75 to 500 ppm, especially from 100 to 300 ppm, in the aqueous liquor.
The reactive modified polymers of anionic character, or the formulations containing same, may also be added before, after or concurrently with a formulation containing cationic 2 5 polymers and optionally cationic surfactants.
Alkali-soluble or alkali-swellable reactive modified particulate polymers provide in particular on cotton and cellulosic fibers a substantially higher soil release performance than known water-soluble soil release polymers.
The invention also provides for the use of reactive modified polymers in finishes for wrinkleproofmg cellulosic textiles. Finishes are any liquid formulations which contain the reactive modified polymer, especially in the form of an aqueous polymer dispersion, in dissolved or dispersed form for application to the textile material. The finishes of the 3 5 invention can be present for example as finishes in the narrower sense in the manufacture of textiles or in the form of an aqueous washing liquor or as a liquid textile treatment. It is thus possible for example to treat textiles with the finish in the course of their manufacture.
Textiles which have not been adequately finished, if at all, may be treated with a textile treatment that contains the polymer dispersion for example before or after home ~, - 2 7 -laundering, for example during ironing. But it is also possible to treat the textiles with reactive modified polymers in the main wash cycle or after the main wash cycle in the refresher or rinse cycle of the washing machine, for example using the above-described formulations.
The present invention also provides for the use of the reactive modified polymers, in the manufacture of textiles, textile treatment before and after laundering, main laundry cycle, laundry conditioning rinse cycle and ironing. Different formulations are needed in each case. Examples are the hereinabove described liquid and solid laundry detergents, laundry l0 aftertreatments and laundry refreshers.
The textiles treated with the reactive modified polymers in the main wash cycle of a washing machine not only wrinkle substantially less than untreated textiles, they are also easier to iron, softer and smoother, more dimensionally and shape stable and, because of the fiber and color protection, look less used, i.e., exhibit less fluff and fewer knots and less color damage or fading, after repeated washing.
Textiles treated with reactive modified polymers in the rinse or refresher cycle following the main wash cycle and then dried on the line or preferably in a tumble dryer likewise 2 0 exhibit a very high level of crease resistance and are easier to iron.
Crease resistance can be substantially enhanced by briefly ironing the textiles once after drying. The treatment in the conditioning or refresher rinse cycle also has a favorable effect on the shape retention of the textiles. It further inhibits the formation of knots and fluff and suppresses color damage.
The present invention also provides for the use of the highly branched polymers, especially the highly branched polyurethanes, in the manufacture of textiles, textile treatment before and after laundering, main laundry cycle, laundry conditioning rinse cycle and ironing.
Different formulations are needed in each case.
The treatment before or after laundering may utilize a textile treatment which, as well as the reactive modified polymer dispersed form, contains a surfactant. In this treatment, the cellulosic textiles are for example sprayed with the reactive modified polymers with an add-on which is generally in the range from 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably in the range 3 5 from 0.1 to 7% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 0.3 to 4% by weight, based on the weight of the dry textile material. But the finish may also be applied to the textile material by dipping the textiles into a bath which contains generally from 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.3 to 5% .by weight, based on the weight of the dry textile material, of the reactive modified particulate polymer in dissolved or dispersed form. The textile material is either dipped only briefly into the bath or else allowed to dwell therein for a period of from 1 to 30 min for example.
Cellulosic textiles which have been treated with the finish either by spraying or by dipping are if necessary squeezed off and dried. Drying may take place in air or else in a dryer or else by subjecting the treated textile material to hot ironing. The finish becomes fixed on the textile material in the course of drying. The best conditions in each case are readily ascertainable by experimentation. The temperatures for drying, including ironing, are for example in the range from 40 to 150°C preferably from 60 to 110°C. For ironing, the cotton program of the iron is suitable in particular. Textiles treated with the reactive modified polymers in dispersed form according to the above-described process exhibit an excellent level of wrinkle and crease resistance that is durable to multiple laundering.
There is frequently no longer any need to iron the textiles.
The invention also provides a textile treatment comprising a) from 0.1 to 40% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 25% by weight, of at least one reactive modified particulate polymer, b) from 0 to 30% by weight of silicones, 2 0 c) from 0 to 30% by weight of one or more cationic and/or nonionic surfactants, d) from 0 to 60% by weight of further ingredients such as further wetting agents, softeners, lubricants, water-soluble, film-forming and adhesive polymers, scents, dyes, stabilizers, fiber and color protection additives, viscosity modifiers, soil release additives, corrosion control additives, bactericides, preservatives and 2 5 spraying assistants, and e) from 0 to 99.9% by weight of water, components a) to e) adding up to 100% by weight.
Preferred silicones are amino-containing silicones, which are preferably present in 3 0 microemulsified form, alkoxylated, especially ethoxylated, silicones, polyalkylene oxide-polysiloxanes, polyalkylene oxide-aminopolydimethylsiloxanes, silicones having quaternary ammonium groups (silicone quats) and silicone surfactants. Useful softeners or lubricants include for example oxidized polyethylenes or paraffinic waxes and oils. Useful water-soluble, film-forming and adhesive polymers include for example (co)polymers based on acrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, vinylformamide, N-vinylimidazole, vinylamine, N,N'-dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylates, N,N'-dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamides, (meth)acrylic acid, alkyl (meth)acrylates and/or vinylsulfonate. The aforementioned basic monomers may also be used in quaternized form.
A pretreatment formulation to be applied to the textile material by spraying may additionally include a spraying assistant. In some cases, it can also be of advantage to include in the formulation alcohols such as ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. Further customary additives are scents, dyes, stabilizers, fiber and color l0 protection additives, viscosity modifiers, soil release additives, corrosion control additives, bactericides and preservatives in customary amounts.
The textile treatment may generally also be applied by spraying in the course of ironing after laundering. This not only substantially facilitates the ironing, but also imparts sustained wrinkle and crease resistance to the textiles.
The examples hereinbelow illustrate the invention.
Examples The emulsifiers used in the examples have the following composition:
Emulsifier 1: 15% by weight solution of sodium lauryl sulfate;
2 5 Emulsifier 2: 40% by weight solution of an ethoxylated and quaternized oleylamine (Lipamine~ OK from BASF) 'The particle size distribution was determined using an Autosizer~ 2C from Malvern, England. The measurement was carried out at 23°C. Solutions are aqueous solutions, 3 o unless otherwise stated. The pphm reported in the examples denotes parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of total monomer.
Preparation of polymers 3 5 Inventive example 1 A glass reactor equipped with anchor stirrer, thermometer, gas inlet tube, dropping funnel and reflux condenser is charged with 12 g of 0.1 % by weight sodium persulfate solution initiator, 6 g of a 15% by weight solution of emulsifier 1 and 402 g of water.
The contents A
are heated in a heating bath with stirring while at the same time the air is displaced by the introduction of nitrogen. As soon as the heating bath has reached 75°C, the introduction of nitrogen is discontinued and 4 g of 0.1 % by weight sodium persulfate solution and an emulsion of 177 g of ethyl acrylate, 69 g of methacrylic acid, 39 g of acrylic acid, 15 g of glycidyl methacrylate and 22 g of a 15% by weight solution of emulsifier 1 in 400 ml of water are added dropwise over 2 hours. This is followed by 1 hour of supplementary polymerization at 75°C. The batch cooling down to room temperature is admixed with 0.75 g of 30% by weight hydrogen peroxide solution, added all at once, and with a solution containing 0.3 g of ascorbic acid and 0.3 g of iron(II) sulfate in 29.7 g of water, added over 15 minutes.
The polymer dispersion obtained has the following properties:
solids content: 25.8% by weight average particle size: 70 nm 2 0 coagulum content: < 1 g pH: 2.2 Inventive example 2 2 5 A glass reactor equipped with anchor stirrer, thermometer, gas inlet tube, dropping funnel and reflux condenser is charged with 12 g of 0.1 % by weight sodium persulfate solution initiator, 2.3 g of a 40% by weight solution of emulsifier 2 and 402 g of water. The contents are heated in a heating bath with stirring while at the same time the air is displaced by the introduction of nitrogen. As soon as the heating bath has reached 85°C, 3 0 the introduction of nitrogen is discontinued and 4 g of 0.1 % by weight sodium persulfate solution and an emulsion of 178 g of butyl acrylate, 114 g of methacrylic acid, 1 S g of glycidyl methacrylate and 22 g of a 15% by weight solution of emulsifier 1 in 400 ml of water are added dropwise over 2 hours. This is followed by 1 hour of supplementary polymerization at 75°C. The batch cooling down to room temperature is admixed with 0.75 3 5 g of 30% by weight hydrogen peroxide solution, added all at once, and with a solution containing 0.3 g of ascorbic acid and 0.3 g of iron(II) sulfate in 29.7 g of water, added over 15 minutes.
The polymer dispersion obtained has the following properties:
solids content: 25.9% by weight average particle size: 100 nm coagulum content: < 1 g pH: 2.2 Inventive ezample 3 A glass reactor equipped with anchor stirrer, thermometer, gas inlet tube, dropping funnel and reflux condenser is charged with 12 g of a 0.1% by weight solution of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (Wako V 50 from Wako Chemie) as initiator, 2.3 g of a 40% by weight solution of emulsifier 2 and 402 g of water. The contents are heated in a heating bath with stirring while at the same time the air is displaced by the introduction of nitrogen. As soon as the heating bath has reached 85°C, the introduction of nitrogen is discontinued and 4 g of the initiator solution and an emulsion of 178 g of butyl acrylate, 114 g of methacrylic acid, 15 g of glycidyl methacrylate and 8.3 g of a 40% by weight solution of emulsifier 1 in 400 ml of water are added dropwise over 2 hours.
This is followed by 1 hour of supplementary polymerization at 85°C. The batch cooling down to room temperature is admixed with 0.75 g of 30% by weight hydrogen peroxide solution, 2 0 added all at once, and with a solution containing 0.3 g of ascorbic acid and 0.3 g of iron(II) sulfate in 29.7 g of water, added over 15 minutes.
The polymer dispersion obtained has the following properties:
2 5 Solids content: 25.5% by weight Average particle size: 120 nm Coagulum content: < 1 g pH: 4.0 3 0 Inventive easmple 4 A glass reactor equipped with anchor stirrer, thermometer, gas inlet tube, dropping funnel and reflux condenser is charged with 5.2 g of a 3.8% by weight solution of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (Wako V SO from Wako Chemie) as initiator, 37.5 g of a 3 5 40% by weight solution of emulsifier 2 and 370 g of water. The contents are heated in a heating bath with stirring while at the same time the air is displaced by the introduction of nitrogen. As soon as the heating bath has reached 90°C, the introduction of nitrogen is discontinued and 46.8 g of the initiator feed and an emulsion of 265 g of n-butyl acrylate, 14.5 g of acrylic acid, 135 g of glycidyl methacrylate 85.5 g of dimethylaminopropyl ' - 32 -acrylamide, 52 g of 50% by weight sulfuric acid and 37.5 g of 40% by weight solution of emulsifier 2 in 280 ml of water are added dropwise over 2 hours. This is followed by 1 hour of supplementary polymerization at 85°C. The batch cooling down to room temperature is admixed with 25 g of 4% by weight aqueous solution of sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate (Rongalitc~ C) and 25 g of a 10% by weight aqueous solution of tert-butyl hydroperoxide over 90 min.
The polymer dispersion obtained has the following properties:
l0 Solids content: 40.6% by weight Average particle size: 120 nm Coagulum content: < 1 g pH: 4.0 Testing of soil release properties of polymers Inventive examples 5-7 and comparative ezample C1 The soil release properties of the polymer dispersions were tested by conducting washing 2 0 trials:
Cotton fabrics were prewashed with the anionic polymer dispersions of inventive examples 1 to 3, which contained the polymer in a concentration of 400 ppm, at a pH of 4 in water of 3.0 mmol water hardness and subsequently dried.
In comparative example C1, the fabric was prewashed at pH 4 in the absence of reactive modified particles.
In inventive example 7, the fabric was washed with a liquor which contained the reactive 3 0 modified polymers of inventive example 1 with a coating of polyethyleneimine having a molar mass of 25 000. For this, the polyethyleneimine was dissolved in water of 3.0 mmol hardness and the solution adjusted to pH 4Ø This solution was admixed with a 20% by weight polymer dispersion of inventive example 1 having a pH of 4Ø The concentration of the polymer particles in the liquor was 400 ppm and the concentration of the 3 5 polyethyleneimine was 40 ppm.
The prewashed fabrics, after drying, were stained with lipstick material and subsequently washed with a commercially available heavy-duty detergent.
Washing conditions:
washer: Launder-O-meter water hardness: 3.0 mmol/1 Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio: 3:1 Prewash:
liquor pH: 4.0 prewash temperature: 20°C
prewash time: 15 min liquor ratio 12.5:1 Main wash:
washing temperature: 40°C
washing time: 30 min liquor ratio 12.5:1 After drying, the cotton fabrics were visually rated on a scale from 1 to 5, a rating of 1 denoting an unchanged stain and a rating of 5 being awarded for complete detachment of 2 0 the lipstick stain.
Table 1 Exam 1e Addition t prewash Ratin C 1 without addition 1 Inv. 5 1 er of inventive exam 1e 2 3 Inv. 6 0l er of inventive exam 1e 1 3.5 Inv. 7 polymer of inventive example 1 with 4 coating of of eth leneimine 2 5 The results of the washing trials show that the use of commercially available heavy duty detergent under the conditions chosen provides virtually no improvement in lipstick soil removal from cotton fabric. Use of the reactive modified polymers, in contrast, provides for a substantial improvement in soil release.
3 0 Testing of hydrophobicizing properties of polymers Inventive examples 8-10 and comparative example C2 The hydrophobicizing properties of the reactive modified polymers were tested by conducting rinsing trials on glass.
Glass platelets measuring 2.5 x 7.5 cm in area were prerinsed at room temperature with an aqueous solution of a nonionic surfactant (200 ppm of C13/Cas oxo alcohol, alkoxylated with 7 mol of ethylene oxide), after-rinsed with pure water of 3 mmol/1 hardness and air dried.
A dispersion of reactive modified polymers as per inventive examples 1 and 2 was 1 o prepared, the polymer concentration being 200 ppm, the water hardness 3 mmol and the pH 6Ø
In inventive example 10, an additional 20 ppm of polyethyleneimine having a molar mass of 25 000 were present.
The glass platelets were dipped into this dispersion for 10 seconds, then withdrawn and dried at 60°C for 30 minutes.
The glass platelets thus treated each had applied to them a drop of deionized water and the 2 o contact angle was measured. Table 2 shows the contact angles measured.
Table 2 Example Addition to rinse liquor Contact an 1e C2 without addition 23.9 Inv. 8 0l er of inventive exam 1e 4 42.4 Inv. 9 0l er of inventive exam 1e 3 55.3 Inv.lO polymer of inventive example 3 coated 61.2 with 1 eth leneimine of molar mass 25 000 2 5 Wrinkleproofing of fabric samples Inventive examples 11-14 and comparative ezampte C3 Cotton fabrics having the size reported in Table 3 and a basis weight of 160 g/m2 were 3 o sprayed on both sides with the polymers of inventive examples 1 to 3 in such a way that the add-on was 2%, based on the weight of the dry textile material, and then hot pressed while still slightly moist.
~5 The fabric samples thus treated and, for comparison, untreated fabric samples of the same size were washed in the presence of ballast fabric with a liquid laundry detergent at 40°C
in an automatic domestic machine (load in the range from 1.5 to 3.0 kg) and then tumble dried. A standard washing program and a standard drying program (respectively 40°C
colored wash and the cupboard dry program) were used. After drying, the sheetlike fabric samples were visually rated on the lines of AATCC test method 124, where a rating of 1 indicates that the fabric is highly wrinkled and has many creases and a rating of 5 is awarded to wrinkle- and crease-free fabric. The fabric samples pretreated with the finishes (inventive examples 1 to 3) received ratings between 2.5 and 3.5. In contrast, the untreated fabric samples each received a rating of 1.
Table 3 Example Finish Cotton Cotton (40 cm x 40 cm) (40 cm x 40 cm) load 1.5 k load 3 k C3 Untreated 1 1 Inv. 11 Polymer of 2.5 2 inventive exam 1e 1 Inv. 12 Polymer of 3 2.5 inventive exam 1e 2 Inv. 13 Polymer of 3 3 inventive exam 1e 3 Inv. 14 Polymer of 3.5 3 inventive exam 1e 4
Cellulosic textiles are given easy care properties by treatment with condensation products of urea, glyoxal and formaldehyde, for example. The finish is applied during the manufacture of textile materials. Softening compounds are frequently further applied with the finish. Thus finished textiles are less wrinkled and creased, easier to iron and softer and smoother after laundering than untreated cellulosics.
WO 98!04772 discloses a process for pretreating textile materials by applying a mixture of a polycarboxylic acid and a cationic softener to the textile materials.
Wrinkle control is 2 0 obtained as a result.
EP-A 0 978 556 describes a mixture of a softener and a crosslinker component having cationic properties as a fabric wrinkle and crease control composition and also a method of wrinkleproofmg textiles.
Washing, rinsing, cleaning and refreshing processes in aqueous media are customarily earned out in a very dilute liquor, and the ingredients of the particular formulation used generally do not remain on the substrate, but are disposed of with the effluent. Sustained modification of the surface of cellulosic materials with dispersed particles in the 3 0 hereinbelow mentioned processes is accomplished only to an unsatisfactory degree.
US 5,476,660 discloses the principle of using polymeric retention aids for cationic or zwitterionic dispersions of polystyrene or wax that contain the active substance embedded in the dispersed particles. These dispersed particles act as carrier particles, since they 3 5 adhere to the treated surface where they release an active substance, for example in the case of use in surfactant formulations.
_ 2 _ US 3,993,830 discloses applying a non-permanent soil-release finish to a textile material by treating the textile material with a dilute aqueous solution comprising a polycarboxylate and a water-soluble salt of a polyvalent metal. Preferred polycarboxylates are said to be water-soluble copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and alkyl acrylates. The mixtures are released in the rinse cycle of a home laundry process.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a further method for modifying surfaces of textile and nontextile materials.
l0 More particularly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for wrinkleproofing cellulosic textiles.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for improving the soil release from textiles and nontextile surfaces.
We have found that this object is achieved in this invention by a method of treating a textile material, which comprises applying a reactive modified particulate polymer having a particle size from 10 nm to 100 pm from an aqueous dispersion to the surface of the textile material and drying the textile material.
The invention further provides for the use of the reactive modified particulate polymers as surface-modifying ingredient in rinsing, refreshing or washing compositions and also laundry detergent, refreshing and textile treatment formulations comprising the particulate polymers.
Reactive modified polymers for the purposes of the invention are particulate polymers containing reactive, crosslinking groups. The reactive modified polymers may contain units derived from anionic and/or cationic monomers and may have anionic, cationic or amphoteric protective colloids or emulsifiers at their surface. The reactive modified 3 0 polymers may contain units derived from monomers containing reactive groups and/or may have at their surface protective colloids or emulsifiers that contain reactive groups.
Reactive modified polymers of anionic character, i.e., which contain anionic groups and/or are dispersed using anionic protective colloids or emulsifiers, may have a coating with cationic polymers at their surface.
The reactive groups may also have a postcrosslinking effect, i.e., develop their crosslinking effect only on heating or drying of the treated textile surfaces.
' CA 02430682 2003-05-28 The reactive modified particulate polymers are obtainable by copolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing no crosslinking reactive groups with ethylenically unsaturated monomers which do contain such crosslinking reactive groups.
But the reactive groups may also be introduced into the polymer by coating the surfaces of the polymer particles with colloids having crosslinking reactive groups.
The reactive modified polymers used according to the invention are in one embodiment of the invention obtainable by copolymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing no reactive groups with ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing reactive groups.
Useful monomers containing no reactive groups include for example alkyl esters of C3-CS
monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with monohydric C1-C~ alcohols, hydroxyalkyl esters of C3-CS monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with dihydric C2-C4 alcohols, vinyl esters of saturated C1-Cla carboxylic acids, ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, C4-C24 alpha-olefins, butadiene, styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, tetrafluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, fluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoro-ethylene, hexafluoropropene or mixtures thereof.
2 o Preferred monomers are methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, sec-butyl acrylate, tent-butyl acrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, styrene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutene, diisobutene and tetrafluoroethylene, and particularly preferred monomers are methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2 5 styrene, methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate.
Useful reactive, crosslinking groups include for example azetidinium, glycidyl ether, halohydrin, carboxylic anhydride, carbonyl chloride, isocyanate, vinyl sulfone, N-methylol, aldehyde and imine groups.
Preferred unsaturated monomers containing reactive groups are N-methylol(meth)acrylamide, glycidyl methacrylate, meths.cryloyloxypropyltrimethylsilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, m-isopropenylbenzyl isocyanate, acrolein, isobutoxymethylacrylamide, isobutoxymethylacrylamide, 3 5 hydroxymethylated diacetoneacrylamide, allyl N-methylolcarbamate, N-formyl-N'-acryloyloxymethylenediamine, gamma-methylacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, methacryloyloxyethoxytrimethylsilane, epithiopropyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, 4-chlorobutyl acrylate, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, methyl 1-(chloromethyl)acrylate, 2-(bromomethyl)acrylonitrile, 2-(chloromethyl)acrylamide, ' CA 02430682 2003-05-28 6-bromo-2-naphthylenyl acrylate, 2-(4-chloro-2-nitroanilino)ethyl acrylate, 6-chloro-S-(trichloromethyl)-2-norbornyl acrylate, 3-chloro-2-[(dimethylphosphinyl)oxy]propyl acrylate, 3-chloro-2-[(1-oxo-3-phenyl-2-propenyl)oxy]propyl methacrylate, 2-phenylallyl bromide, p-chloromethylstyrene, vinyl monochloroacetate, 2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-oxazolinyl methacrylate.
The reactive modified polymers used according to the invention may be prepared by the conventional methods of solution, precipitation, suspension or emulsion polymerization described for example in P. Lovell and M.S. El-Aasser, Emulsion Polymerisation and l0 Emulsion Polymers, Wiley, New York, 1997. Preferably, the reactive modified particulate polymers used according to the invention are obtained by emulsion polymerization in an aqueous medium.
The polymerization is conducted in the presence of polymerization initiators that 1 S decompose either thermally or photochemically or in the presence of redox initiators. Of the polymerization initiators that decompose thermally, preference is given to those which decompose in the range from 20 to 180°C, especially from 50 to 90°C.
Preferred polymerization initiators for the emulsion polymerization are water-soluble 2 0 organic peroxides such as peresters, percarbonates, perketals, hydroperoxides, inorganic peroxides such as H2Oz, salts of peroxosulfuric acid and peroxodisulfuric acid, azo compounds, boron-alkyl compounds and also hydrocarbons that decompose homolytically.
The polymerization initiators, which are used in amounts in the range from 0.01 to 15% by 2 5 weight, based on the monomers, can be used individually or in combination.
An emulsion polymerization to prepare the polymers is generally carried out using dispersing assistants.
3 0 Useful dispersing assistants include water-soluble macromolecular organic compounds having polar groups, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of vinyl propionate or acetate and vinylpyrrolidone, partially hydrolyzed copolymers of an acrylic ester, and acrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohols having different residual acetate contents, cellulose ethers, gelatin, block copolymers, modified starch, low molecular weight carboxyl-and/or sulfo-3 5 containing polymers or mixtures thereof. Useful natural protective colloids include water-soluble proteins, partially degraded proteins, water-soluble cellulose ethers, native starches, degraded starches and/or chemically modified starches. Examples of water-soluble cellulose esters are hydroxyethylcellulose and methylcellulose. Useful natural starches include those obtainable by heating in an aqueous medium to above the ' CA 02430682 2003-05-28 gelatinization temperature. It is also possible to use degraded starches that are obtainable by hydrolytic, oxidative or enzymatic degradation.
Particularly preferred protective colloids are polyvinyl alcohols having a residual acetate content from 0 to 39, especially from 5 to 39, mol% and vinylpyrrolidonelvinyl propionate copolymers having a vinyl ester content of up to 35%, especially from 5 to 30%, by weight.
Useful dispersing assistants further include nonionic or ionic emulsifiers and also mixtures thereof. Preferred emulsifiers are optionally ethoxylated or propoxylated long-chain alkanols or alkylphenols having different degrees of ethoxylation or propoxylation, for example adducts with from 0 to 50 mol of alkylene oxide, and their neutralized, sulfated, sulfonated or phosphated derivatives. Neutralized dialkyl sulfosuccinates or alkyl diphenyl oxide disulfonates are particularly useful.
Useful dispersing assistants further include cationic emulsifiers based on C~-C2s alkylamines, N,N-dimethyl-N-(C~-Czs-hydroxyalkyl)ammonium salts, mono- and di-(CrC2s-alkyl)dimethylammonium compounds quatennized with alkylating agents, ester goats, such as quaternary esterified mono-, di- or trialkanolamines esterified with C~-C~
2 o carboxylic acids, and imidazoline goats, such as 1-alkylimidazolinium salts.
The polymers have for example molar masses from 1 000 to 2 million, preferably from 5 000 to 500 000, and usually the molar masses of the polymers are in the range from 10 000 to 1 SO 000.
The molar masses of the polymers can be limited by using customary regulators in the polymerization. Examples of typical regulators are mercapto compounds such as mercaptoethanol or thioglycolic acid.
3 0 To increase the density of the reactive groups at the surface of the polymer particles, the monomers containing reactive groups can be added in stages and separately from the other monomers. Preferably, the predominant portion of the monomers containing reactive groups is not added until toward the end of the total feed time for all monomers. In a variant for preparing the polymers used according to the invention, 70% of the monomers 3 5 containing the reactive groups are added in the last third of the total feed time.
As well as the polymerization methods mentioned, other methods may also be used for preparing the particulate polymers used according to the invention. For instance, particulate polymers can be precipitated by lowering the solubility of dissolved polymers in a solvent. For example, a polymer containing an acidic group can be dissolved in a suitable, water-miscible solvent and the solution metered into an excess of water in such a way that the pH of the initial charge is at least 1 lower than the equivalent pH of the copolymer. By equivalent pH is meant that pH at which 50% of the acidic groups of the copolymer are neutralized. This method may require the use of a dispersing assistant, pH
regulators and/or salts in order that stable, finely divided aqueous dispersions may be obtained.
The reactive modified polymers used in the invention have a particle size from 10 nm to l0 100 p.m, preferably from 30 nm to 3 ~.m, especially from 50 nm to 800 nm.
The reactive modified polymers used according to the invention may be of anionic, cationic, amphoteric or nonionic character.
Reactive modified polymers of anionic character are obtainable by copolymerizing anionic monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid and malefic acid, monomaleates with C1-C8 alkanols and/or salts thereof, which may be done in the presence of emulsifiers and protective colloids. Anionic monomers as the term is used herein also comprehends 2 0 monomers having acidic groups which are convertible into their salts, even though these are not present in ionic form during the polymerization.
The anionic character for the polymers is also obtainable by conducting the copolymerization in the presence of anionic protective colloids andlor anionic emulsifiers.
But the anionic character for the polymers may also be obtained by emulsifying or dispersing the finished polymers in the presence of anionic protective colloids and/or anionic emulsifiers.
3 o Reactive modified polymers of cationic character are obtainable by including cationic monomers in the polymerization, which rnay be carned out in the presence of emulsifiers and protective colloids. Cationic monomers are herein also to be understood as meaning monomers having basic groups which are convertible into their salts, even though these are not present in ionic form during the polymerization. Useful cationic monomers include 3 5 nitrogenous basic ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the form of the free bases, the salts with organic or inorganic acids or in quaternized form. Useful nitrogenous basic ethylenically unsaturated compounds include for example N,N'-dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylates, for example dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethyl aminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl metha,crylate, _ 7 _ dimethylaminopropyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, diethylaminopropyl acrylate, diethylaminopropyl methacrylate, dimethylaminobutyl acrylate, dimethylaminobutyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoneopentyl acrylate, dimethylaminoneopentyl methacrylate. Useful basic monomers of this group further include N,N'-dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamides, for example N,N'-di-Ci-C3-alkylamino-C2-C6-alkyl(meth)acrylamides, such as dimethylaminoethylacrylamide, dimethylaminoethylmethacrylamide, diethylaminoethylacrylamide, diethylaminoethylmethacrylamide, dipropylaminoethylacrylamide, dipropylaminoethyl-methacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, diethylaminopropylacrylamide, diethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, dimethyl-aminoneopentylacrylamide, dimethylaminoneopentylmethacrylamide and dialkylaminobutylacrylamide.
Useful monomers of this group further include 4-vinylpyridine, 2-vinylpyridine, 1-vinylimidazole, 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole and/or diallyl(di)alkylamines where the alkyl group contains from 1 to 12 carbon atoms. The abovementioned basic monomers are used in the copolymerization in the form of the free bases, the salts with organic or inorganic acids or in quaternized form. Useful carboxylic acids for salt formation include for example carboxylic acids containing from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, for example formic acid, 2 0 acetic acid or propionic acid, benzenecarboxylic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid or inorganic acids such as halohydric acids, for example hydrochloric acid or bromohydric acid. 'The basic monomers mentioned above by way of illustration may also be used in quaternized form. Useful quaternizing agents include for example alkyl halides having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, for example 2 5 methyl chloride, methyl bromide, methyl iodide, ethyl chloride, propyl chloride, hexyl chloride, dodecyl chloride, lauryl chloride and benzyl halides, especially benzyl chloride and benzyl bromide. The nitrogenous basic monomers may also be quaternized by reacting these compounds with dialkyl sulfates, especially diethyl sulfate or dimethyl sulfate.
Examples of quaternized monomers of this group are trimethylammoniumethyl 3 o methacrylate chloride, dimethylethylammoniummethyl methacrylate ethyl sulfate and dimethylethylammoniumethylmethacrylamide ethyl sulfate, 3-methyl-1-vinylimidazolinium chloride.
But the cationic character for the polymers is also obtainable by conducting the 3 5 copolymerization in the presence of cationic protective colloids and/or cationic emulsifiers.
But the cationic character for the polymers mentioned is also obtainable by emulsifying or dispersing the finished polymers in the presence of cationic protective colloids and/or cationic emulsifiers.
, _ An overview of a selection of suitable cationic surfactants may be found in Ullmanns Enzyklopadie der Industriellen Chemie, Sixth Edition, 1999, Electronic Release, "Surfactants", Chapter 8, Cationic Surfactants.
Reactive modified polymers of amphoteric character are obtainable by including both cationic and anionic monomers. Useful monomers include for example the aforementioned cationic and anionic monomers.
'The amphoteric character for the polymers is also obtainable by conducting the copolymerization in the presence of amphoteric protective colloids and/or amphoteric emulsifiers.
But the amphoteric character for the polymers is also obtainable by emulsifying or dispersing the finished polymers in the presence of amphoteric protective colloids and/or amphoteric emulsifiers.
Reactive modified polymers are obtainable for example by copolymerization of 2 0 (a) from 40 to 99.9% by weight, preferably from 50 to 90% by weight, particularly preferably from 60 to 75% by weight, of at least one sparingly water-soluble or water-insoluble nonionic monomer, (b) from 0 to 60% by weight, preferably from 1 to 55% by weight, particularly 2 5 preferably from 5 to 50% by weight, especially from 15 to 40% by weight, of carboxyl-containing monomers or salts thereof, (c) from 0 to 25% by weight, preferably from 0 to 15% by weight, of sulfo-and/or phosphono-containing monomers or salts thereof, (d) from 0 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0 to 15% by weight, of cationic monomers, (e) from 0 to 55% by weight, preferably from 0 to 40% by weight, of water-soluble 3 5 nonionic monomers, (fj from 0 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0 to 10% by weight, of multiply ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and (g) from 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0.25 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight, of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing reactive, crosslinking groups.
Polymers containing units derived from at least one anionic monomer b) or c) can be used without additional anionic emulsifiers or protective colloids. Polymers containing less than 0.5% by weight of units derived from anionic monomers are usually used together with at least one anionic emulsifier or protective colloid.
Preferred monomers a) are methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, sec-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, styrene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutene, diisobutene and tetrafluoroethylene, and particularly preferred monomers are methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, styrene, methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate.
Preferred monomers b) are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, malefic acid or monomaleates with C,-C8 alkanols.
2 0 Useful monomers c) include for example acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid and also their alkali metal and ammonium salts.
Useful monomers d) include for example dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, 1-vinylimidazole, 3-methyl-1-vinylimidazolinium 2 5 chloride and 4-vinylpyridine.
Useful monomers e) include for example acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinyloxazolidone, methyl polyglycol acrylates, methyl polyglycol methacrylates, methylpolyglycolacrylamides and vinylcaprolactam.
Useful polyunsaturated monomers f) include for example acrylic esters, methacrylic esters, allyl ethers and vinyl ethers of at least dihydric alcohols. T'he OH groups of the underlying alcohols may be wholly or partly etherified or esterified. Crosslinkers contain at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups. Examples are butanediol diacrylate, hexanediol 3 5 diacrylate and trimethylolpropane triacrylate. Useful unsaturated monomers e) further include for example allyl esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids, divinylbenzene, methylenebisacrylamide and divinylurea.
1.~ -Preferred crosslinking but mainly postcrosslinking unsaturated monomers g) containing reactive groups are N-methylol(meth)acrylamide, glycidyl methacrylate, methacryloyloxypropyltrimethylsilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, m-isopropenylbenzyl isocyanate, acrolein, isobutoxymethylacrylamide, hydroxymethylated diacetoneacrylamide, allyl N-methylolcarbamate, N-formyl-N'-acryloyloxy-methylenediamine, gamma-methylacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, methacryloyloxyethoxytrimethylsilane, epithiopropyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, 4-chlorobutyl acrylate, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, methyl 1-(chloromethyl)acrylate, 2-(bromomethyl)acrylonitrile, 2-(chloromethyl)acrylamide, 6-bromo-2-naphthylenyl acrylate, 2-(4-chloro-2-nitroanilino)ethyl acrylate, 6-chloro-5-(trichloromethyl)-2-norbornyl acrylate, 3-chloro-2-[(dimethylphosphinyl)oxy]propyl acrylate, 3-chloro-2-[(1-oxo-3-phenyl-2-propenyl)oxy]propyl methacrylate, 2-phenylallyl bromide, p-chloromethylstyrene, vinyl monochloroacetate, 2-{4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-oxazolinyl methacrylate.
One embodiment of the invention comprises using reactive modified particulate polymers having an anionic character, i.e., containing anionic groups and/or being dispersed with anionic protective colloids or emulsifiers and having a coating of cationic polymer on their surface.
These reactive modified particulate polymers which have been cationically modified are obtainable by coating the surface of the anionically dispersed, particulate polymers with cationic polymers. Useful cationic polymers include all natural or synthetic cationic polymers which contain amino and/or ammonium groups and are water soluble.
Examples 2 5 of such cationic polymers are polymers containing vinylamine units, polymers containing vinylimidazole units, polymers containing quaternary vinylimidazole units, condensates of imidazole and epichlorohydrin, crbsslinked polyamidoamines, ethyleneimine-grafted crosslinked polyamidoamines, polyethyleneimines, alkoxylated polyethyleneimines, crosslinked polyethyleneimines, amidated polyethyleneimines, alkylated 3 0 polyethyleneimines, polyamines, amine-epichlorohydrin polycondensates, alkoxylated polyamines, polyallylamines, polydimethyldiallylammonium chlorides, polymers containing basic (meth)acrylamide or methacrylate units, polymers containing basic quaternary (meth)acrylamide or methacrylate units and/or lysine condensates.
3 5 Cationic polymers also include amphoteric polymers having a net cationic charge, i.e., the polymers contain anionic as well as cationic monomers in copolymerized form, but the molar fraction of the cationic units present in the polymer is larger than that of the anionic units.
Polymers containing vinylamine units are prepared for example from open-chained N-vinylcarboxamides of the formula (I) R' CHZ=CH-N\ 2 (I) C -R
f O
where Ri and R2, which may be identical or different, are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C,-C6-alkyl. Useful monomers include for example N-vinylformamide (Rl=R2=H in formula I), N-vinyl-N-methylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-ethylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylpropionamide and N-vinylpropionamide. The monomers mentioned may be polymerized either alone or mixed with each other or together with other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers to prepare the polymers. Preference is given to starting from homo- or copolymers of N-vinylformamide. Polymers containing vinylamine units are known for example from US 4,421,602, EP-A-0 216 387 and EP-A-0 251 182.
They are obtained by hydrolysis, with acids, bases or enzymes, of polymers containing monomers of the formula I in polymerized form.
Useful monoethylenica,lly unsaturated monomers for copolymerization with N-vinylcarboxamides include all compounds that are copolymerizable therewith.
Examples thereof are vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic acids of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl butyrate and vinyl ethers such as C1-C6-alkyl vinyl ethers, for example methyl vinyl ether or ethyl vinyl ether.
Useful comonomers further include ethylenically unsaturated C3-C6-carboxylic acids, for example acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, malefic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid and vinylacetic acid and also their alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts, esters, amides and nitrites of the carboxylic acids mentioned, for example methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl 2 5 acrylate and ethyl methacrylate.
Useful monoethylenically unsaturated monomers for copolyrnerization with N-vinylcarboxamides further include carboxylic esters derived from glycols or polyalkylene glycols where in each case only one OH group is esterified, for example 3 0 hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate and also monoacrylate esters of polyalkylene glycols having a molar mass from 500 to 10 000.
Useful comonomers further include esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids 3 5 with amino alcohols such as dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylamino-propyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, diethylaminopropyl acrylate, dimethylaminobutyl acrylate and diethylaminobutyl acrylate. Basic acrylates can be used in the form of the free bases, the salts with mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid, the salts with organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid or sulfonic acids or in quaternized form. Useful quaternizing agents include for example dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate, methyl chloride, ethyl chloride or benzyl chloride.
l0 Useful comonomers further include amides of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylamide, methacrylamide and also N-alkylmonoamides and -diamides of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with alkyl radicals of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example N-methylacrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N-propylacrylamide and tert-butylacrylamide and also basic (meth)acrylamides, for example dimethylaminoethylacrylamide, dimethylaminoethylmethacrylamide, diethylaminoethylacrylamide, diethylaminoethylmethacrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl-acrylamide, diethylaminopropylacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide and diethylaminopropylmethacrylamide.
Useful comonomers further include N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylcaprolactam, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, N-vinylimidazole and also substituted N-vinylimidazoles such as, for example N-vinyl-2-methylimidazole, N-vinyl-4-methylimidazole, N-vinyl-5-methylimidazole, N-vinyl-2-ethylimidazole and N-vinylimidazolines such as 2 5 N-vinylimidazoline, N-vinyl-2-methylimidazoline and N-vinyl-2-ethylimidazoline.
N-Vinylimidazoles and N-vinylimidazolines are used not only in the form of their free bases but also after neutralization with mineral acids or organic acids or after quaternization, a quaternization being preferably effected with dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate, methyl chloride or benzyl chloride. Also useful are diallyldialkylammonium 3 0 halides, for example diallyldimethylammonium chlorides.
Useful comonomers further include sulfo-containing monomers, for example vinylsulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, the alkali metal or ammonium salts of these acids or 3-sulfopropyl acrylate, and the amphoteric copolymers 3 5 contain more cationic units than anionic units, so that have a net cationic charge.
The copolymers contain for example - from 99.99 to 1 mol%, preferably from 99.9 to 5 mol%, of N-vinylcarboxamides of the formula I and - from 0.01 to 99 mol%, preferably from 0.1 to 95 mol%, of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable therewith in copolymerized form.
To prepare polymers containing vinylamine units, it is preferable to start from l0 homopolymers of N-vinylformamide or from copolymers obtainable by copolymerization of - N-vinylformamide with - vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, acrylonitrile, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinylurea, acrylic acid, N-vinylpyrrolidone or C1-C6-alkyl vinyl ethers and subsequent hydrolysis of the homo- or copolymers to form vinylamine units from the copolymerized N-vinylformamide units, the degree of hydrolysis being for example in the 2 0 range from 0.1 to 100 mol%.
The hydrolysis of the hereinabove described polymers is effected according to known processes by the action of acids, bases or enzymes. This converts the copolymerized monomers of the hereinabove indicated formula I through detachment of the group C R? {II) O
where R2 is as defined for the formula I, into polymers which contain vinylamine units of the formula (III) (III) N
H/ R' where Rt is as defined for the formula I. When acids are used as hydrolyzing agents, the units III are present as ammonium salt.
The homopolymers of the N-vinylcarboxamides of the formula I and their copolymers may be hydrolyzed to an extent in the range from 0.1 to 100 mol%, preferably to an extent in the range from 70 to 100 mol%. In most cases, the degree of hydrolysis of the homo- and copolymers is in the range from 5 to 95 mol%. The degree of hydrolysis of the homopolymers is synonymous with the vinylamine units content of the polymers.
In the case of copolymers containing units derived from vinyl esters, the hydrolysis of the N-vinylformamide units can be accompanied by a hydrolysis of the ester groups with the formation of vinyl alcohol units. This is the case especially when the hydrolysis of the copolymers is carried out in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
Copolymerized acrylonitrile is likewise chemically modified in the hydrolysis, for example converted into amide groups or carboxyl groups. The homo- and copolymers containing vinylamine units may optionally contain up to 20 mol% of amidine units, formed for example by reaction of formic acid with two adjacent amino groups or by intramolecular reaction of an amino group with an adj acent amide group, for example of copolymerized N-vinylformamide. The molar masses of the polymers containing vinylamine units range for example from 1 000 to 10 million, preferably from 10 000 to 5 million (determined by light scattering). This molar mass range corresponds for example to K values of from 5 to 300, preferably from 10 to 250 (determined by the method of H. Fikentscher in 5%
2 0 aqueous sodium chloride solution at 25°C and a polymer concentration of 0.5% by weight).
The polymers containing vinylamine units are preferably used in salt-free form. Salt-free aqueous solutions of polymers containing vinylamine units are preparable for example 2 5 from the hereinabove described salt-containing polymer solutions by ultrafiltration using suitable membranes _having molecular weight cutoffs at for example from 1 000 to 500 000 dalton, preferably from 10 000 to 300 000 dalton. The hereinbelow described aqueous solutions of other polymers containing amino and/or ammonium groups are likewise obtainable in salt-free form by ultrafiltration.
Useful cationic polymers further include polyethyleneimines.
Polyethyleneimines are prepared for example by polymerizing ethyleneimine in aqueous solution in the presence of acid-detaching compounds, acids or Lewis acids. Polyethyleneimines have for example molar masses of up to 2 million, preferably from 200 to 500 000. Particular preference is 3 5 given to using polyethyleneimines having molar masses of from 500 to 100 000. Useful polyethyleneimines further include water-soluble crosslinked polyethyleneimines which are obtainable by reaction of polyethyleneimines with crosslinkers such as epichlorohydrin or bischlorohydrin ethers of polyalkylene glycols containing from 2 to 100 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units. Also useful are amidic polyethyleneimines which are obtainable for example by amidation of polyethyleneimines with C1-C22-monocarboxylic acids. Useful cationic polymers further include alkylated polyethyleneimines and alkoxylated polyethyleneimines. Alkoxylation is carried out using for example from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide or propylene oxide units per NH unit in the polyethyleneimine.
Useful polymers containing amino and/or ammonium groups also include polyamidoamines, which are preparable for example by condensing dicarboxylic acids with polyamines. Useful polyamidoamines are obtained for example when dicarboxylic acids having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms are reacted with polyalkylenepolyamines l0 containing from 3 to 10 basic nitrogen atoms in the molecule. Useful dicarboxylic acids include for example succinic acid, malefic acid, adipic acid, glutaric acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid or terephthalic acid. Polyamidoamines may also be prepared using mixtures of dicarboxylic acids as well as a mixture of plural polyalkylenepolyamines.
Useful polyalkylenepolyamines include for example diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, dipropylenetriamine, tripropylenetetramine, dihexamethylenetriamine, aminopropylethylenediamine and bis-aminopropylethylene-diamine. The dicarboxylic acids and polyalkylenepolyamines are heated at an elevated temperature, for example at from 120 to 220°C, preferably at from 130 to 180°C, to prepare the polyamidoamines. The water of condensation formed is removed from the 2 0 system. The condensation may also employ lactones or lactams of carboxylic acids having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms. The amount of a polyalkylenepolyamine used per mole of a dicarboxylic acid is for example in the range from 0.8 to 1.4 mol.
Amino-containing polymers further include ethyleneimine-grafted polyamidoamines. They 2 5 are obtainable from the hereinabove described polyamidoamines by reaction with ethyleneimine in the presence of acids or Lewis acids such as sulfuric acid or boron trifluoride etherates at for example from 80 to 100°C. Compounds of this kind are described for example in DE-B-24 34 816.
3 0 Useful cationic polymers also include crosslinked or uncrosslinked polyamidoamines which may additionally have been grafted with ethyleneimine prior to crosslinking.
Crosslinked ethyleneimine-grafted polyamidoamines are water soluble and have for example an average molar weight of from 3 000 to 1 million dalton. Customary crosslinkers include for example epichlorohydrin or bischlorohydrin ethers of alkylene 3 5 glycols and polyalkylene glycols.
Further examples of cationic polymers that contain amino and/or ammonium groups are polyallyldirnethylammonium chlorides. Polymers of this kind are likewise known.
a Useful cationic polymers further include copolymers of for example 1-99 mol%, preferably 30-70 mol%, of acrylamide and/or methacrylamide and 99-1 mol%, preferably 70-30 mol%, of cationic monomers such as dialkylaminoalkylacrylamide, dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide and/or dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate. The basic acrylamides and methacrylamides are preferably likewise present in acid-neutralized form or in quaternized form. Examples are N-trimethylammoniumethylacrylamide chloride, N-trimethylammoniumethylmethacrylamide chloride, N-trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate chloride, N-trimethylammoniumethyl acrylate chloride, l0 trimethylammoniumethylacrylamide methosulfate, trimethylammoniumethylmethacrylamide methosulfate, N-ethyldimethylammoniumethylacrylamide ethosulfate, N-ethyldimethylammoniumethylmethacrylamide ethosulfate, trimethylammoniumpropylacrylamide chloride, trimethylammoniumpropylmethacrylamide chloride, trimethylammoniumpropylacrylamide methosulfate, trimethyl-ammoniumpropylmethacrylamide methosulfate and N-ethyldimethylammoniumpropylacrylamide ethosulfate. Preference is given to trimethylammoniumpropylmethacrylamide chloride.
2 0 Further useful cationic monomers for preparing (meth)acrylamide polymers are diallyldimethylammonium halides and also basic (meth)acrylates. Useful examples are copolymers of 1-99 mol%, preferably 30-70 mol%, of acrylamide and/or methacrylamide and 99-1 mol%, preferably 70-30 mol%; of dialkylaminoalkyl acrylates and/or methacrylates such as copolymers of acrylamide and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate or 2 5 copolymers of acrylamide and dimethylaminopropyl acrylate. Basic acrylates or methacrylates are preferably present in acid neutralized from or in quaternized form.
Quaternization may be effected for example with methyl chloride or with dimethyl sulfate.
Useful cationic polymers containing amino and/or ammonium groups further include 3 0 polyallylamines. Polymers of this kind are obtained by homopolymerization of allylamine, preferably in acid neutralized form or in quaternized form, or by copolymerization of allylamine with other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers described above as comonomers for N-vinylcarboxamides.
3 5 The cationic polymers have for example K values of from 8 to 300, preferably from 100 to 180 (determined by the method of H. Fikentscher in 5% aqueous sodium chloride solution at 25°C and a polymer concentration of 0.5% by weight). At pH 4.5, for example, they have a charge density of at least 1, preferably at least 4, meq/g of polyelectrolyte.
Examples of preferred cationic polymers are polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride, polyethyleneimine, polymers containing vinylamine units, copolymers of acrylamide or methacrylamide that contain basic monomers in copolymerized form, polymers containing lysine units or mixtures thereof. Examples of cationic polymers are:
~ copolymers of 50% of vinylpyrrolidone and 50% of trimethylammoniummethyl methacrylate methosulfate, MW 1 000-500 000;
~ copolymers of 30% of acrylamide and 70% of trimethylammoniummethyl methacrylate methosulfate, MW 1 000-1 000 000;
~ copolymers of 70% of acrylamide and 30% of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylamide, MW
1 000-1 000 000;
~ copolymers of 50% of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 50% of 2-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylamide, MW 1 000-500 000;
~ copolymer of 70% of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 50% of 2-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylamide; copolymer of 30% of vinylimidazole 2 0 methochloride, 50% of dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, 15% of acrylamide, 5%
of acrylic acid;
~ polylysines of MW 250-250 000, preferably 500-100 000, and also lysine cocondensates having MW molar masses from 250 to 250 000, the cocondensable component being 2 5 selected for example from amines, polyamines, ketene dimers, lactams, alcohols, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated alcohols and/or nonproteinogenic amino acids, ~ vinylamine homopolymers, 1-99% hydrolyzed polyvinylformamides, copolymers of vinylformamide and vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, vinylpyrrolidone or acrylamide 3 0 having molar masses of 3 000-500 000, ~ vinylimidazole homopolyrners, vinylimidazole copolymers with vinylpyrrolidone, vinylformamide, acrylamide or vinyl acetate having molar masses of from 5 000 to 500 000 and also their quaternary derivatives, ~ polyethyleneimines, crosslinked polyethyleneimines or amidated polyethyleneimines having molar masses of from 500 to 3 000 000, 1$
~ amine-epichlorohydrin polycondensates which contain imidazole, piperazine C1-C$-alkylamines, C,-C8-dialkylamines and/or dimethylaminopropylamine as amine component and have a molar mass of from 500 to 250 000, and ~ polymers containing basic (meth)acrylamide or (meth)acrylate ester units, polymers containing basic quaternary (meth)acrylamide or (meth)acrylate ester units having molar masses of from 10 000 to 2 000 000.
It is also possible to include a minor amount (<10% by weight) of anionic comonomers, for example acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinylsulfonic acid or alkali metal salts of the acids mentioned.
Anionically dispersed particles of reactive modified polymers may be additionally cationically modified, if necessary, by treatment with polyvalent metal ions and/or cationic surfactants as well as treatment with cationic polymers. Coating of the particles with polyvalent metal ions is obtained when, for example, an aqueous dispersion of an anionically dispersed reactive modified polymers is admixed with an aqueous solution of at least one water-soluble polyvalent metal salt or a water-soluble polyvalent metal salt is dissolved therein, the modification of the anionically dispersed reactive modified particles 2 0 with cationic polymers being effected either before, concurrently with or after this treatment. Useful metal salts include for example the water-soluble salts of Ca, Mg, Ba, Al, Zn, Fe, Cr or mixtures thereof. Other water-soluble heavy metal salts derived for example from Cu, Ni, Co and Mn are useful in principle, but not desired in all applications.
Examples of water-soluble metal salts are calcium chloride, calcium acetate, magnesium 2 5 chloride, aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, barium chloride, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, iron(II) sulfate, iron(III) chloride, chromium(III) sulfate, copper sulfate, nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and manganese sulfate. Cationization is preferably effected using the water-soluble salts of Mg, Ca, A1 and Zn.
3 o There are many industrial uses and uses in the home where the modification of the properties of the textile and nontextile surfaces with polymer dispersions is important. It is not always possible to effect the modification of the surfaces by impregnating, spraying and brushing processes involving concentrated dispersions. It is frequently desirable to effect the modification by rinsing the surface to be treated with a very dilute liquor that 3 5 contains an active substance. It is frequently desirable in this context to combine the modifying treatment of the surface with a wash, clean and/or conditioning or impregnation of the surface. Useful surfaces here are in particular surfaces of textile materials such as cotton and cotton blend fabrics. In addition, installed carpeting and furniture covers can be treated according to the invention. The surfaces of textile materials may be modified for example to provide them with water resistance, soil release properties, soil resist properties, improved integrity of the fiber assemblage and protection against chemical or mechanical effects and damage.
The reactive modified particulate polymers are used for modifying surfaces of the hereinabove exemplified materials as an ingredient in rinsing or care compositions, washing or cleaning compositions, for textile and further, nontextile surfaces. Especially contemplated uses are in washing, cleaning and aftertreating of textiles, leather, wood, floor coverings, glass, ceramics and other-surfaces in the home and in the industrial sector.
to The reactive modified particulate polymers are used in the form of a dilute, predominantly aqueous, dispersion. The use takes the form of a treatment of the surfaces in washing, cleaning and rinsing liquors to which the polymers are added either directly or by means of a liquid or solid formulation, or in the form of a finely divided application of a liquid formulation, for example by spraying.
The reactive modified particulate polymers can be used for example as sole active component in aqueous rinsing and care compositions and, depending on the composition of the polymer, provide for example for easier soil release in subsequent wash, reduced soil 2 0 attachment in the use of the textiles, improved structural integrity of fibers, improved shape retention and structural integrity for fabrics, water repellency on the surface of the washed material and also hand improvement.
The concentration of the reactive modified particulate polymers when used in a rinse or 2 5 care bath, a washing liquor or cleaning bath is for example in the range from 0.0002 to 1 by weight, preferably 0.0005 to 0.25% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.002 to 0.05% by weight.
The abovementioned applications can in principle be carried out using all reactive 3 0 modified particulate polymers. Depending on the embodiment, it can be advantageous to select a certain monomer composition to obtain particularly advantageous modifications.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the polymers used contain units derived from cationic monomers and as a result possess enhanced affinity for the surfaces to be treated.
In a further preferred embodiment, the polymers used contain units derived from anionic monomers and are used together with the cationic polymers, cationic surfactants and/or polyvalent metal cations. The surfaces, for example textile surfaces, are treated with aqueous liquors containing for example from 2.5 to 300 ppm, preferably from 5 to 200 ppm, especially from 10 to 100 ppm, of at least one cationic polymer, up to 5 mmol/1, preferably up to 3.5 mmol/1, of water-soluble salts of polyvalent metals, especially salts of Ca, Mg or Zn, and/or up to 2 mmol/1, preferably up to 0.75 mmol/1, of water-soluble Al salts, and/or up to 600 ppm, preferably up to 300 ppm, of cationic surfactants.
A further preferred embodiment comprises using alkali-swellable, particularly preferably alkali-soluble; reactive modified polymers. Such polymers are particularly useful for example for improving the soil release of textile and nontextile surfaces.
Suitable reactive modified alkali-soluble polymers contain for example l0 (a) from 30 to 80% by weight, preferably from 40 to 75% by weight, particularly preferably from 50 to 70% by weight, of at least one sparingly water-soluble or water-insoluble nonionic monomer, (b) from 20 to 70% by weight, preferably from 25 to 60% by weight, particularly preferably from 30 to 50% by weight, of at least one carboxyl-containing monomer or salts thereof, (c) from 0 to 25% by weight, preferably from 0 to 15% by weight, of one or more 2 0 sulfo- and/or phosphono-containing monomers or salts thereof, (d) from 0 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0 to 15% by weight, of one or more cationic monomers, 2 5 (e) from 0 to 55% by weight, preferably from 0 to 40% by weight, of one or more water-soluble nonionic monomers, (f) from 0 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0 to 10% by weight, of one or more multiply ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and (g) from 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight, of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing reactive groups.
Compositions for treating surfaces may have the following composition for example:
(a) from 0.05 to 40% by weight of a reactive modified particulate polymer whose particle size is from 10 nm to 100 pm, (b) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more cationic polymers, (c) from 0 to 30% by weight of one or more water-soluble salts of Mg, Ca, Zn or Al andlor of one or more cationic surfactants, (d) from 0 to 80% by weight of one or more customary ingredients such as acids or bases, inorganic builders, organic cobuilders, further surfactants, polymeric dye transfer inhibitors, polymeric soil antiredeposition agents, soil release polymers, enzymes, complexing agents, corrosion inhibitors, waxes, silicone oils, light stabilizers, dyes, solvents, hydrotropes, thickeners and/or alkanolamines.
The invention also provides laundry aftertreatment and laundry refreshing compositions and also solid and liquid laundry detergent formulations that contain the reactive modified particulate polymers.
Laundry aftertreatment and laundry refreshing compositions contain for example (a) from 0.1 to 40% by weight of a reactive modified particulate polymer having a particle size from 10 nm to 100 ~,m and present as a dispersion in water, 2 0 (b} from 0 to 20% by weight of one or more organic acids such as formic acid, citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid or a mixture thereof, (c) from 0 to 10% by weight of a cationic polymer, 2 5 (d) from 0 to 30% by weight of one or more water-soluble salts of Mg, Ca, Zn or Al and/or of one or more cationic surfactants, (e) from 0 to 30% by weight of one or more nonionic surfactants, 3 0 (f) from 0 to 30% by weight of further customary ingredients such as perfume, silicone oils, other lubricants, film-forming polymers, stabilizers, corrosion control additives, preservatives, bactericides, light stabilizers, dye, complexing agents, soil antiredeposition agents, soil release polyesters, color transfer inhibitors, nonaqueous solvent, hydrotropes, thickeners and/or alkanolamines, and (g) water ad 100% by weight.
Preferred cationic surfactants are selected from the group of the quaternary diesterammonium salts, the quaternary tetraalkylammonium salts, the quaternary diamidoammonium salts, the amidoamine esters and imidazolium salts. These are preferably present in an amount of from 3 to 30% by weight in the laundry refreshers.
Examples are quaternary diesterammonium salts which have two C11- to C22-alk(en)ylcarbonyloxy(mono- to pentamethylene) radicals and two C1- to C3-alkyl or -hydroxyalkyl radicals on the quaternary nitrogen atom and, for example, chloride, bromide, methosulfate or sulfate as counterion.
Quaternary diesterammonium salts further include in particular those which have a C1,- to C22-alk(en)ylcarbonyloxytrimethylene radical bearing a C11- to C22-alk(en)ylcarbonyloxy l0 radical on the central carbon atom of the trimethylene group and three C1-to C3-alkyl or -hydroxyalkyl radicals on the quaternary nitrogen atom and, for example, chloride, bromide, methosulfate or sulfate as counterion.
Quaternary tetraalkylammonium salts are in particular those which have two C1-to C6-alkyl radicals and two C8- to C24-alk(en)yl radicals on the quaternary nitrogen atom and, for example, chloride, bromide, methosulfate or sulfate as counterion.
Quaternary diamidoammonium salts are in particular those which bear two C8- to C24-alk(en)ylcarbonylaminoethylene radicals, a substituent selected from hydrogen, 2 o methyl, ethyl and polyoxyethylene having up to 5 oxyethylene units and as fourth radical a methyl group on the quaternary nitrogen atom and, for example, chloride, bromide, methosulfate or sulfate as counterion.
Amidoamino esters are in particular tertiary amines bearing a Cll- to 2 5 C~-alk(en)ylcarbonylamino(mono- to trimethylene) radical, a C 1 i- to C~-alk(en)ylcarbonyloxy(mono- to trimethylene) radical and a methyl group as substituents on the nitrogen atom.
Imidazolinium salts are in particular those which bear a Ci4- to CI8-alk(en)yl radical in 30 position 2 of the heterocycle, a Ci4- to Clg-alk(en)ylcarbonyl(oxy or amino)ethylene radical on the neutral nitrogen atom and hydrogen, methyl or ethyl on the nitrogen atom carrying the positive charge, while counterions here are for example chloride, bromide, methosulfate or sulfate.
3 5 Solid laundry detergent formulations according to the invention contain (a) from 0.05 to 20% by weight of a reactive modified particulate polymer having a particle size from 10 nm to 100 Vim, (b) from 0.1 to 40% by weight of at least one nonionic and/or anionic surfactant, (c) from 0 to 50% by weight of one or more inorganic builders, (d) from 0 to 20% by weight of one or more organic cobuilders, (e) from 0 to 60% by weight of other customary ingredients such as cationic surfactants, standardizers, enzymes, perfume, complexing agents, corrosion inhibitors, bleaches, bleach activators, bleach catalysts, dye transfer inhibitors, soil antiredeposition agents, soil release polyesters, dyes, dissolution improvers andlor disintegrants, said components (a) to (e) adding up to 100% by weight.
The solid laundry detergent formulations of the invention are customarily present as a powder, granules, an extrudate or in tablet form.
Liquid laundry detergent formulations of the invention contain 2 0 (a) from 0.05 to 20% by weight of a reactive modified particulate polymer having a particle size from 10 nm to 100 ~,m, (b) from 0.1 to 40% by weight of at least one nonionic andlor anionic surfactant, 2 5 (c) from 0 to 20% by weight of one or more inorganic builders, (d) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more organic cobuilders, (e) from 0 to 40% by weight of other customary ingredients such as cationic 3 0 surfactants, sodium carbonate, enzymes, perfume, complexing agents, corrosion inhibitors, bleaches, bleach activators, bleach catalysts, dye transfer inhibitors, soil antiredeposition agents, soil release polyesters, dyes, nonaqueous solvents, hydrotropes, thickeners and/or alkanolamines, and 3 5 (fj from 0 to 99.85% by weight of water, components (a) to (f) adding up to 100% by weight.
Useful anionic surfactants are in particular:
- (fatty) alcohol sulfates of (fatty) alcohols having from 8 to 22, preferably from 10 to 18, carbon atoms, for example C9- to C,1-alcohol sulfates, C12- to C14-alcohol sulfates, C12- to C1g-alcohol sulfates, lauryl sulfate, cetyl sulfate, myristyl sulfate, palmityl sulfate, stearyl sulfate and tallow fatty alcohol sulfate;
- sulfated alkoxylated C8- to C22-alcohols (alkyl ether sulfates). Compounds of this kind are prepared for example by first alkoxylating a C8- to Czz-alcohol, preferably a Clo- to C18-alcohol, for example a fatty alcohol, and then sulfating the alkoxylation product.
The alkoxylation is preferably carried out using ethylene oxide;
l0 - linear Cg- to C2o-alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS), preferably linear C9- to Ci3-alkylbenzenesulfonates and -alkyltoluenesulfonates;
- alkanesulfonates such as Cg- to C24-alkanesulfonates, preferably Clo- to C 18-alkanesulfonates;
- soaps such as, for example, the sodium and potassium salts of C8- to C24-carboxylic acids.
The anionic surfactants mentioned are preferably included in the laundry detergent in the form of salts. Suitable cations in these salts are alkali metal ions such as sodium, potassium and lithium and ammonium ions such as hydroxyethylammonium, 2 0 di(hydroxyethyl)ammonium and tri(hydroxyethyl)ammonium.
Useful nonionic surfactants are in particular:
- alkoxylated C8- to C22-alcohols such as fatty alcohol alkoxylates or oxo alcohol 2 5 alkoxylates. These may have been alkoxylated with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide. Useful surfactants here include all alkoxylated alcohols which contain at least two molecules of one of the aforementioned alkylene oxides.
Here it is possible to use block polymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide or addition products which contain the aforementioned alkylene oxides in 3 0 random distribution. Nonionic surfactants generally contain from 2 to 50, preferably from 3 to 20, mol of at least one alkylene oxide per mole of alcohol. The alkylene oxide component is preferably ethylene oxide. The alcohols preferably have from 10 to 18 carbon atoms. Depending on the type of alkoxylation catalyst used to make them, alkoxylates have a broad or narrow alkylene oxide homolog distribution;
35 - alkylphenol alkoxylates such as alkylphenol ethoxylates having C6- to C14-alkyl chains and from 5 to 30 alkylene oxide units;
- alkylpolyglucosides having from 8 to 22, preferably from 10 to 18, carbon atoms in the alkyl chain and generally from 1 to 20, preferably from 1.1 to 5, glucoside units;
' - 25 -- N-alkylglucamides, fatty acid amide alkoxylates, fatty acid alkanolamide alkoxylates and also block copolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide.
Useful inorganic builders are in particular:
- crystalline or amorphous aluminosilicates having ion-exchanging properties such as zeolites in particular. Useful zeolites include in particular zeolites A, X, B, P, MAP
and HS in their sodium form or in forms in which sodium has been partly replaced by other cations such as lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium or ammonium;
l0 - crystalline silicates such as in particular disilicates or sheet-silicates, for example S-Na2Si205 or (3-Na2Si205. Silicates can be used in the form of their alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts, preferably as sodium, lithium and magnesium silicates;
- amorphous silicates such as for example sodium metasilicate or amorphous disilicate;
- carbonates and bicarbonates. These can be used in the form of their alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts. Preference is given to sodium, lithium and magnesium carbonates or bicarbonates, especially sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate;
- polyphosphates such as for example pentasodium triphosphate.
Useful organic cobuilders include in particular low molecular weight, oligomeric or polymeric carboxylic acids.
- Useful low molecular weight carboxylic acids include for example citric acid, 2 5 hydrophobic modified citric acid such as for example agaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid, glutaric acid, succinic acid, imidodisuccinic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, propanetricarboxylic acid, butanetetracarboxylic acid, cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid, alkyl- and alkenylsuccinic acids and aminopolycar-boxylic acids such as for example nitrilotria.cetic acid, (3-alaninediacetic acid, 3 o ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, serinediacetic acid, isoserinediacetic acid, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid and methyl-and ethylglycinediacetic acid;
- useful oligomeric or polymeric carboxylic acids include for example homopolymers of acrylic acid, oligomaleic acids, copolymers of malefic acid with acrylic acid, 3 5 methacrylic acid, C2-C22-olefins such as for example isobutene or long-chain a-olefins, vinyl alkyl ethers having C1-C8-alkyl groups, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, (meth)acrylic esters of C1- to C8-alcohols and styrene. Preference is given to using the homopolymers of acrylic acid and copolymers of acrylic acid with malefic acid. Polyaspartic acids are also useful as organic cobuilders. Oligomeric and polymeric carboxylic acids are used in acid form or as sodium salt.
When the reactive modified particulate polymers are to be cationically modified, this is preferably effected before use in the aqueous treatments, but can also be effected in the course of the manufacture of the aqueous treatments or the use of anionically dispersed particulate polymers having a particle size from 10 nm to 100 ~m by for example mixing aqueous dispersions of the contemplated particulate polymers with the other ingredients of the particular treatment in the presence of cationic polymers and optionally of water-soluble salts of polyvalent metals and/or cationic surfactants.
In a particular embodiment, reactive modified polymers of anionic character, or formulations containing same, can be added directly to the rinsing, washing or cleaning liquor, provided it is ensured that the liquor contains suffcient amounts of cationic polymers and optionally polyvalent metal ions and/or cationic surfactants in dissolved form. It is possible, for example, to use polymers of anionic character, or formulations containing same, in liquors containing from 2.5 to 300 ppm of cationic polymers and optionally above 0.5 mmoln, preferably above 1 mmol/1, particularly preferably above 2 mmol/1, of water-soluble salts of Ca, Mg or Zn. When the cationic surfactants are used, 2 0 they are used for example in concentrations from 50 to 100 ppm, preferably from 75 to 500 ppm, especially from 100 to 300 ppm, in the aqueous liquor.
The reactive modified polymers of anionic character, or the formulations containing same, may also be added before, after or concurrently with a formulation containing cationic 2 5 polymers and optionally cationic surfactants.
Alkali-soluble or alkali-swellable reactive modified particulate polymers provide in particular on cotton and cellulosic fibers a substantially higher soil release performance than known water-soluble soil release polymers.
The invention also provides for the use of reactive modified polymers in finishes for wrinkleproofmg cellulosic textiles. Finishes are any liquid formulations which contain the reactive modified polymer, especially in the form of an aqueous polymer dispersion, in dissolved or dispersed form for application to the textile material. The finishes of the 3 5 invention can be present for example as finishes in the narrower sense in the manufacture of textiles or in the form of an aqueous washing liquor or as a liquid textile treatment. It is thus possible for example to treat textiles with the finish in the course of their manufacture.
Textiles which have not been adequately finished, if at all, may be treated with a textile treatment that contains the polymer dispersion for example before or after home ~, - 2 7 -laundering, for example during ironing. But it is also possible to treat the textiles with reactive modified polymers in the main wash cycle or after the main wash cycle in the refresher or rinse cycle of the washing machine, for example using the above-described formulations.
The present invention also provides for the use of the reactive modified polymers, in the manufacture of textiles, textile treatment before and after laundering, main laundry cycle, laundry conditioning rinse cycle and ironing. Different formulations are needed in each case. Examples are the hereinabove described liquid and solid laundry detergents, laundry l0 aftertreatments and laundry refreshers.
The textiles treated with the reactive modified polymers in the main wash cycle of a washing machine not only wrinkle substantially less than untreated textiles, they are also easier to iron, softer and smoother, more dimensionally and shape stable and, because of the fiber and color protection, look less used, i.e., exhibit less fluff and fewer knots and less color damage or fading, after repeated washing.
Textiles treated with reactive modified polymers in the rinse or refresher cycle following the main wash cycle and then dried on the line or preferably in a tumble dryer likewise 2 0 exhibit a very high level of crease resistance and are easier to iron.
Crease resistance can be substantially enhanced by briefly ironing the textiles once after drying. The treatment in the conditioning or refresher rinse cycle also has a favorable effect on the shape retention of the textiles. It further inhibits the formation of knots and fluff and suppresses color damage.
The present invention also provides for the use of the highly branched polymers, especially the highly branched polyurethanes, in the manufacture of textiles, textile treatment before and after laundering, main laundry cycle, laundry conditioning rinse cycle and ironing.
Different formulations are needed in each case.
The treatment before or after laundering may utilize a textile treatment which, as well as the reactive modified polymer dispersed form, contains a surfactant. In this treatment, the cellulosic textiles are for example sprayed with the reactive modified polymers with an add-on which is generally in the range from 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably in the range 3 5 from 0.1 to 7% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 0.3 to 4% by weight, based on the weight of the dry textile material. But the finish may also be applied to the textile material by dipping the textiles into a bath which contains generally from 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.3 to 5% .by weight, based on the weight of the dry textile material, of the reactive modified particulate polymer in dissolved or dispersed form. The textile material is either dipped only briefly into the bath or else allowed to dwell therein for a period of from 1 to 30 min for example.
Cellulosic textiles which have been treated with the finish either by spraying or by dipping are if necessary squeezed off and dried. Drying may take place in air or else in a dryer or else by subjecting the treated textile material to hot ironing. The finish becomes fixed on the textile material in the course of drying. The best conditions in each case are readily ascertainable by experimentation. The temperatures for drying, including ironing, are for example in the range from 40 to 150°C preferably from 60 to 110°C. For ironing, the cotton program of the iron is suitable in particular. Textiles treated with the reactive modified polymers in dispersed form according to the above-described process exhibit an excellent level of wrinkle and crease resistance that is durable to multiple laundering.
There is frequently no longer any need to iron the textiles.
The invention also provides a textile treatment comprising a) from 0.1 to 40% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 25% by weight, of at least one reactive modified particulate polymer, b) from 0 to 30% by weight of silicones, 2 0 c) from 0 to 30% by weight of one or more cationic and/or nonionic surfactants, d) from 0 to 60% by weight of further ingredients such as further wetting agents, softeners, lubricants, water-soluble, film-forming and adhesive polymers, scents, dyes, stabilizers, fiber and color protection additives, viscosity modifiers, soil release additives, corrosion control additives, bactericides, preservatives and 2 5 spraying assistants, and e) from 0 to 99.9% by weight of water, components a) to e) adding up to 100% by weight.
Preferred silicones are amino-containing silicones, which are preferably present in 3 0 microemulsified form, alkoxylated, especially ethoxylated, silicones, polyalkylene oxide-polysiloxanes, polyalkylene oxide-aminopolydimethylsiloxanes, silicones having quaternary ammonium groups (silicone quats) and silicone surfactants. Useful softeners or lubricants include for example oxidized polyethylenes or paraffinic waxes and oils. Useful water-soluble, film-forming and adhesive polymers include for example (co)polymers based on acrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, vinylformamide, N-vinylimidazole, vinylamine, N,N'-dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylates, N,N'-dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamides, (meth)acrylic acid, alkyl (meth)acrylates and/or vinylsulfonate. The aforementioned basic monomers may also be used in quaternized form.
A pretreatment formulation to be applied to the textile material by spraying may additionally include a spraying assistant. In some cases, it can also be of advantage to include in the formulation alcohols such as ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. Further customary additives are scents, dyes, stabilizers, fiber and color l0 protection additives, viscosity modifiers, soil release additives, corrosion control additives, bactericides and preservatives in customary amounts.
The textile treatment may generally also be applied by spraying in the course of ironing after laundering. This not only substantially facilitates the ironing, but also imparts sustained wrinkle and crease resistance to the textiles.
The examples hereinbelow illustrate the invention.
Examples The emulsifiers used in the examples have the following composition:
Emulsifier 1: 15% by weight solution of sodium lauryl sulfate;
2 5 Emulsifier 2: 40% by weight solution of an ethoxylated and quaternized oleylamine (Lipamine~ OK from BASF) 'The particle size distribution was determined using an Autosizer~ 2C from Malvern, England. The measurement was carried out at 23°C. Solutions are aqueous solutions, 3 o unless otherwise stated. The pphm reported in the examples denotes parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of total monomer.
Preparation of polymers 3 5 Inventive example 1 A glass reactor equipped with anchor stirrer, thermometer, gas inlet tube, dropping funnel and reflux condenser is charged with 12 g of 0.1 % by weight sodium persulfate solution initiator, 6 g of a 15% by weight solution of emulsifier 1 and 402 g of water.
The contents A
are heated in a heating bath with stirring while at the same time the air is displaced by the introduction of nitrogen. As soon as the heating bath has reached 75°C, the introduction of nitrogen is discontinued and 4 g of 0.1 % by weight sodium persulfate solution and an emulsion of 177 g of ethyl acrylate, 69 g of methacrylic acid, 39 g of acrylic acid, 15 g of glycidyl methacrylate and 22 g of a 15% by weight solution of emulsifier 1 in 400 ml of water are added dropwise over 2 hours. This is followed by 1 hour of supplementary polymerization at 75°C. The batch cooling down to room temperature is admixed with 0.75 g of 30% by weight hydrogen peroxide solution, added all at once, and with a solution containing 0.3 g of ascorbic acid and 0.3 g of iron(II) sulfate in 29.7 g of water, added over 15 minutes.
The polymer dispersion obtained has the following properties:
solids content: 25.8% by weight average particle size: 70 nm 2 0 coagulum content: < 1 g pH: 2.2 Inventive example 2 2 5 A glass reactor equipped with anchor stirrer, thermometer, gas inlet tube, dropping funnel and reflux condenser is charged with 12 g of 0.1 % by weight sodium persulfate solution initiator, 2.3 g of a 40% by weight solution of emulsifier 2 and 402 g of water. The contents are heated in a heating bath with stirring while at the same time the air is displaced by the introduction of nitrogen. As soon as the heating bath has reached 85°C, 3 0 the introduction of nitrogen is discontinued and 4 g of 0.1 % by weight sodium persulfate solution and an emulsion of 178 g of butyl acrylate, 114 g of methacrylic acid, 1 S g of glycidyl methacrylate and 22 g of a 15% by weight solution of emulsifier 1 in 400 ml of water are added dropwise over 2 hours. This is followed by 1 hour of supplementary polymerization at 75°C. The batch cooling down to room temperature is admixed with 0.75 3 5 g of 30% by weight hydrogen peroxide solution, added all at once, and with a solution containing 0.3 g of ascorbic acid and 0.3 g of iron(II) sulfate in 29.7 g of water, added over 15 minutes.
The polymer dispersion obtained has the following properties:
solids content: 25.9% by weight average particle size: 100 nm coagulum content: < 1 g pH: 2.2 Inventive ezample 3 A glass reactor equipped with anchor stirrer, thermometer, gas inlet tube, dropping funnel and reflux condenser is charged with 12 g of a 0.1% by weight solution of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (Wako V 50 from Wako Chemie) as initiator, 2.3 g of a 40% by weight solution of emulsifier 2 and 402 g of water. The contents are heated in a heating bath with stirring while at the same time the air is displaced by the introduction of nitrogen. As soon as the heating bath has reached 85°C, the introduction of nitrogen is discontinued and 4 g of the initiator solution and an emulsion of 178 g of butyl acrylate, 114 g of methacrylic acid, 15 g of glycidyl methacrylate and 8.3 g of a 40% by weight solution of emulsifier 1 in 400 ml of water are added dropwise over 2 hours.
This is followed by 1 hour of supplementary polymerization at 85°C. The batch cooling down to room temperature is admixed with 0.75 g of 30% by weight hydrogen peroxide solution, 2 0 added all at once, and with a solution containing 0.3 g of ascorbic acid and 0.3 g of iron(II) sulfate in 29.7 g of water, added over 15 minutes.
The polymer dispersion obtained has the following properties:
2 5 Solids content: 25.5% by weight Average particle size: 120 nm Coagulum content: < 1 g pH: 4.0 3 0 Inventive easmple 4 A glass reactor equipped with anchor stirrer, thermometer, gas inlet tube, dropping funnel and reflux condenser is charged with 5.2 g of a 3.8% by weight solution of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (Wako V SO from Wako Chemie) as initiator, 37.5 g of a 3 5 40% by weight solution of emulsifier 2 and 370 g of water. The contents are heated in a heating bath with stirring while at the same time the air is displaced by the introduction of nitrogen. As soon as the heating bath has reached 90°C, the introduction of nitrogen is discontinued and 46.8 g of the initiator feed and an emulsion of 265 g of n-butyl acrylate, 14.5 g of acrylic acid, 135 g of glycidyl methacrylate 85.5 g of dimethylaminopropyl ' - 32 -acrylamide, 52 g of 50% by weight sulfuric acid and 37.5 g of 40% by weight solution of emulsifier 2 in 280 ml of water are added dropwise over 2 hours. This is followed by 1 hour of supplementary polymerization at 85°C. The batch cooling down to room temperature is admixed with 25 g of 4% by weight aqueous solution of sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate (Rongalitc~ C) and 25 g of a 10% by weight aqueous solution of tert-butyl hydroperoxide over 90 min.
The polymer dispersion obtained has the following properties:
l0 Solids content: 40.6% by weight Average particle size: 120 nm Coagulum content: < 1 g pH: 4.0 Testing of soil release properties of polymers Inventive examples 5-7 and comparative ezample C1 The soil release properties of the polymer dispersions were tested by conducting washing 2 0 trials:
Cotton fabrics were prewashed with the anionic polymer dispersions of inventive examples 1 to 3, which contained the polymer in a concentration of 400 ppm, at a pH of 4 in water of 3.0 mmol water hardness and subsequently dried.
In comparative example C1, the fabric was prewashed at pH 4 in the absence of reactive modified particles.
In inventive example 7, the fabric was washed with a liquor which contained the reactive 3 0 modified polymers of inventive example 1 with a coating of polyethyleneimine having a molar mass of 25 000. For this, the polyethyleneimine was dissolved in water of 3.0 mmol hardness and the solution adjusted to pH 4Ø This solution was admixed with a 20% by weight polymer dispersion of inventive example 1 having a pH of 4Ø The concentration of the polymer particles in the liquor was 400 ppm and the concentration of the 3 5 polyethyleneimine was 40 ppm.
The prewashed fabrics, after drying, were stained with lipstick material and subsequently washed with a commercially available heavy-duty detergent.
Washing conditions:
washer: Launder-O-meter water hardness: 3.0 mmol/1 Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio: 3:1 Prewash:
liquor pH: 4.0 prewash temperature: 20°C
prewash time: 15 min liquor ratio 12.5:1 Main wash:
washing temperature: 40°C
washing time: 30 min liquor ratio 12.5:1 After drying, the cotton fabrics were visually rated on a scale from 1 to 5, a rating of 1 denoting an unchanged stain and a rating of 5 being awarded for complete detachment of 2 0 the lipstick stain.
Table 1 Exam 1e Addition t prewash Ratin C 1 without addition 1 Inv. 5 1 er of inventive exam 1e 2 3 Inv. 6 0l er of inventive exam 1e 1 3.5 Inv. 7 polymer of inventive example 1 with 4 coating of of eth leneimine 2 5 The results of the washing trials show that the use of commercially available heavy duty detergent under the conditions chosen provides virtually no improvement in lipstick soil removal from cotton fabric. Use of the reactive modified polymers, in contrast, provides for a substantial improvement in soil release.
3 0 Testing of hydrophobicizing properties of polymers Inventive examples 8-10 and comparative example C2 The hydrophobicizing properties of the reactive modified polymers were tested by conducting rinsing trials on glass.
Glass platelets measuring 2.5 x 7.5 cm in area were prerinsed at room temperature with an aqueous solution of a nonionic surfactant (200 ppm of C13/Cas oxo alcohol, alkoxylated with 7 mol of ethylene oxide), after-rinsed with pure water of 3 mmol/1 hardness and air dried.
A dispersion of reactive modified polymers as per inventive examples 1 and 2 was 1 o prepared, the polymer concentration being 200 ppm, the water hardness 3 mmol and the pH 6Ø
In inventive example 10, an additional 20 ppm of polyethyleneimine having a molar mass of 25 000 were present.
The glass platelets were dipped into this dispersion for 10 seconds, then withdrawn and dried at 60°C for 30 minutes.
The glass platelets thus treated each had applied to them a drop of deionized water and the 2 o contact angle was measured. Table 2 shows the contact angles measured.
Table 2 Example Addition to rinse liquor Contact an 1e C2 without addition 23.9 Inv. 8 0l er of inventive exam 1e 4 42.4 Inv. 9 0l er of inventive exam 1e 3 55.3 Inv.lO polymer of inventive example 3 coated 61.2 with 1 eth leneimine of molar mass 25 000 2 5 Wrinkleproofing of fabric samples Inventive examples 11-14 and comparative ezampte C3 Cotton fabrics having the size reported in Table 3 and a basis weight of 160 g/m2 were 3 o sprayed on both sides with the polymers of inventive examples 1 to 3 in such a way that the add-on was 2%, based on the weight of the dry textile material, and then hot pressed while still slightly moist.
~5 The fabric samples thus treated and, for comparison, untreated fabric samples of the same size were washed in the presence of ballast fabric with a liquid laundry detergent at 40°C
in an automatic domestic machine (load in the range from 1.5 to 3.0 kg) and then tumble dried. A standard washing program and a standard drying program (respectively 40°C
colored wash and the cupboard dry program) were used. After drying, the sheetlike fabric samples were visually rated on the lines of AATCC test method 124, where a rating of 1 indicates that the fabric is highly wrinkled and has many creases and a rating of 5 is awarded to wrinkle- and crease-free fabric. The fabric samples pretreated with the finishes (inventive examples 1 to 3) received ratings between 2.5 and 3.5. In contrast, the untreated fabric samples each received a rating of 1.
Table 3 Example Finish Cotton Cotton (40 cm x 40 cm) (40 cm x 40 cm) load 1.5 k load 3 k C3 Untreated 1 1 Inv. 11 Polymer of 2.5 2 inventive exam 1e 1 Inv. 12 Polymer of 3 2.5 inventive exam 1e 2 Inv. 13 Polymer of 3 3 inventive exam 1e 3 Inv. 14 Polymer of 3.5 3 inventive exam 1e 4
Claims (25)
1. A method of treating a surface of a textile or nontextile material, which comprises applying a reactive modified particulate polymer having a particle size from 10 nm to 100 µm from an aqueous dispersion to said surface of said material and drying said material, wherein said reactive modified particulate polymer contains units derived from an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having reactive, crosslinking groups, wherein the crosslinking groups are selected from the group consisting of glycidyl ether, halohydrin, carboxylic anhydride, carbonyl chloride, carboxylic ester, isocyanate, vinyl sulfone, N-methylol, aldehyde and imine groups.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said aqueous dispersion has a polymer content of <
1% by weight.
1% by weight.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein said monomer having said reactive, crosslinking groups is selected from the group consisting of glycidyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrolein, methacrylic anhydride, 2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-oxazolinyl methacrylate, isobutoxymethacrylamide and maleic anhydride.
4. The method of any of claims 1 to 3 wherein said reactive modified particulate polymer also contains units derived from anionic and/or cationic monomers.
5. The method of any of claims 1 to 4 wherein said reactive modified particulate polymer comprises an anionic, cationic or amphoteric protective colloid or emulsifier at its surface.
6. The method of any of claims 1 to 5 wherein said reactive modified particulate polymer comprises at its surface a protective colloid or emulsifier that contains reactive groups.
7. The method of any of claims 1 to 6 wherein said reactive modified particulate polymer contains anionic groups and/or is dispersed using an anionic protective colloid or emulsifier and comprises a coating of cationic polymer at its surface.
8. A finishing composition for wrinkleproofing a cellulosic textile, comprising a reactive modified particulate polymer as defined in any of claims 1 to 7.
9. The use of a finishing composition comprising a reactive modified particulate polymer as defined in any of claims 1 to 7 in the manufacture of textiles, textile treatment, main laundry cycle, final laundry rinse cycle and ironing.
10. A composition for treating a surface, comprising (a) from 0.05 to 40% by weight of a reactive modified particulate polymer whose particle size is from 10 nm to 100 µm as defined in any of claims 1 to 7, (b) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more cationic polymers, (c) from 0 to 30% by weight of one or more water-soluble salts of Mg, Ca, Zn or Al and/or of one or more cationic surfactants, (d) from 0 to 80% by weight of one or more customary ingredients such as acids or bases, inorganic builders, organic cobuilders, further surfactants, polymeric dye transfer inhibitors, polymeric soil antiredeposition agents;
soil release polymers, enzymes, complexing agents, corrosion inhibitors, waxes, silicone oils, light stabilizers, dyes, solvents, hydrotropes, thickeners and/or alkanolamines, said components (a) to (d) adding up to 100% by weight.
soil release polymers, enzymes, complexing agents, corrosion inhibitors, waxes, silicone oils, light stabilizers, dyes, solvents, hydrotropes, thickeners and/or alkanolamines, said components (a) to (d) adding up to 100% by weight.
11. A laundry aftertreating or refreshing composition comprising (a) from 0.1 to 40% by weight of a reactive modified particulate polymer having a particle size from 10 nm to 100 µm as defined in any of claims 1 to 7 and present as a dispersion in water, (b) from 0 to 20% by weight of one or more organic acids such as formic acid, citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid or a mixture thereof, (c) from 0 to 10% by weight of cationic polymers, (d) from 0 to 30% by weight of one or more water-soluble salts of Mg, Ca, Zn or Al and/or of one or more cationic surfactants, (e) from 0 to 30% by weight of one or more nonionic surfactants, (f) from 0 to 30% by weight of further customary ingredients such as perfume, silicone oil, other lubricants, wetting agents, film-forming polymers, stabilizers, corrosion control additives, preservatives, bactericides, light stabilizers, dye, complexing agents, soil antiredeposition agents, soil release polyesters, color transfer inhibitors, nonaqueous solvent, hydrotropes, thickeners and/or alkanolamines, and (g) water ad 100% by weight.
12. A textile treatment composition comprising a) from 0.1 to 40% by weight of at least one reactive modified particulate polymer, as defined in any of claims 1 to 7, b) from 0 to 30% by weight of silicones, c) from 0 to 30% by weight of cationic and/or nonionic surfactants, d) from 0 to 60% by weight of further ingredients such as further wetting agents, softeners, lubricants, water-soluble, film-forming and adhesive polymers, scents, dyes, stabilizers, fiber and color protection additives, viscosity modifiers, soil release additives, corrosion control additives, bactericides, preservatives and spray assistants, and e) from 0 to 99.9% by weight of water, said components a) to e) adding up to 100% by weight.
13. The use of a reactive modified particulate polymer having a particle size from 10 µm to 100 µm as a surface modifying ingredient in a washing, rinsing, refreshing or cleaning composition.
14. The use of claim 14 wherein said reactive modified particulate polymer contains units derived from an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having reactive, crosslinking groups, wherein said reactive, crosslinking groups are selected from the group consisting of glycidyl ether, halohydrin, carboxylic anhydride, carbonyl chloride, carboxylic ester, isocyanate, vinyl sulfone, N-methylol, aldehyde and imine groups.
15. The use of claim 14 wherein said monomer having said reactive, crosslinking groups is selected from the group consisting of glycidyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrolein, methacrylic anhydride, 2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-oxazolinyl methacrylate, isobutoxymethacrylamide and maleic anhydride.
16. The use of any of claims 13 to 15 wherein said reactive modified particulate polymer also contains units derived from anionic and/or cationic monomers.
17. The use of any of claims 13 to 16 wherein said reactive modified particulate polymer comprises an anionic, cationic or amphoteric protective colloid or emulsifier at its surface.
18. The use of any of claims 13 to 17 wherein said reactive modified particulate polymer comprises at its surface a protective colloid or emulsifier that contains reactive groups.
19. The use of any of claims 13 to 18 wherein said reactive modified particulate polymer contains anionic groups and/or is dispersed using an anionic protective colloid or emulsifier and comprises a coating of cationic polymer at its surface.
20. The use of a reactive modified particulate polymer of any of claims 13 to 19 as a fiber and color protection additive.
21. The use of a reactive modified particulate polymer of any of claims 13 to 19 as a wrinkle control additive for cellulosic textiles.
22. The use of a reactive modified particulate polymer as defined in any of claims 13 to 19 for hydrophobicizing a surface of a textile material.
23. The use of a reactive modified particulate polymer as defined in any of claims 13 to 19 for improving the soil resistance of a surface of a textile material.
24. A solid laundry detergent formulation comprising (a) from 0.05 to 20% by weight of a reactive modified particulate polymer having a particle size from 10 nm to 100 µm, (b) from 0.1 to 40% by weight of at least one nonionic and/or anionic surfactant, (c) from 0 to 50% by weight of one or more inorganic builders, (d) from 0 to 20% by weight of one or more organic cobuilders, (e) from 0 to 60% by weight of other customary ingredients such as cationic surfactants, standardizers, enzymes, perfume, complexing agents, corrosion inhibitors, bleaches, bleach activators, bleach catalysts, dye transfer inhibitors, soil antiredeposition agents, soil release polyesters, dyes, dissolution improvers and/or disintegrants, said components (a) to (e) adding up to 100% by weight.
25. A liquid laundry detergent formulation comprising (a) from 0.05 to 20% by weight of a reactive modified particulate polymer having a particle size from 10 nm to 100 µm, (b) from 0.1 to 40% by weight of at least one nonionic and/or anionic surfactant, (c) from 0 to 20% by weight of one or more inorganic builders, (d) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more organic cobuilders, (e) from 0 to 40% by weight of other customary ingredients such as cationic surfactants, sodium carbonate, enzymes, perfume, complexing agents, corrosion inhibitors, bleaches, bleach activators, bleach catalysts, dye transfer inhibitors, soil antiredeposition agents, soil release polyesters, dyes, nonaqueous solvents, hydrotropes, thickeners and/or alkanolamines, and (f) from 0 to 99.85% by weight of water, said components (a) to (f) adding up to 100% by weight.
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DE10060373A DE10060373A1 (en) | 2000-12-05 | 2000-12-05 | Reactively modified, particulate polymers for treating the surfaces of textile and non-textile materials |
DE10060373.4 | 2000-12-05 | ||
PCT/EP2001/014172 WO2002046518A2 (en) | 2000-12-05 | 2001-12-04 | Reagent-modified particulate polymers for treatment of the surface of textile and non-textile materials |
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US (1) | US20040025262A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1343934A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004515660A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1484719A (en) |
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CA (1) | CA2430682A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10060373A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA03004964A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002046518A2 (en) |
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JP2007009350A (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2007-01-18 | Soken Chem & Eng Co Ltd | Aqueous emulsion type resin composition for fabric, water-based ink composition used for fabric and using the resin composition and use |
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DE102006053291A1 (en) | 2006-11-13 | 2008-05-15 | Basf Coatings Ag | Lacquer-layer-forming corrosion protection agent with good adhesion and method for its current-free application |
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US8822719B1 (en) | 2013-03-05 | 2014-09-02 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Peroxycarboxylic acid compositions suitable for inline optical or conductivity monitoring |
US20140256811A1 (en) | 2013-03-05 | 2014-09-11 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Efficient stabilizer in controlling self accelerated decomposition temperature of peroxycarboxylic acid compositions with mineral acids |
US10165774B2 (en) | 2013-03-05 | 2019-01-01 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Defoamer useful in a peracid composition with anionic surfactants |
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EP3129544B1 (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2019-01-09 | INVISTA Textiles (U.K.) Limited | Water repellent, soil resistant, fluorine-free compositions |
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CN113818259B (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2023-12-22 | 辽东学院 | Technological method for improving dye-uptake and dyeing fastness of vegetable dye |
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DE10027636A1 (en) * | 2000-06-06 | 2001-12-13 | Basf Ag | Use of hydrophobic polymers, cationically modified with multivalent metal ions and/or cationic surfactant, as additives in rinsing, care, washing and cleaning materials, e.g. for textiles, carpets and hard surfaces |
-
2000
- 2000-12-05 DE DE10060373A patent/DE10060373A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-12-04 AU AU2002229606A patent/AU2002229606A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-12-04 EP EP01990493A patent/EP1343934A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-12-04 CA CA002430682A patent/CA2430682A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-12-04 US US10/432,616 patent/US20040025262A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-12-04 BR BR0115945-3A patent/BR0115945A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-12-04 JP JP2002548227A patent/JP2004515660A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-12-04 MX MXPA03004964A patent/MXPA03004964A/en unknown
- 2001-12-04 WO PCT/EP2001/014172 patent/WO2002046518A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-12-04 CN CNA018217648A patent/CN1484719A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2002046518A3 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
AU2002229606A1 (en) | 2002-06-18 |
JP2004515660A (en) | 2004-05-27 |
EP1343934A2 (en) | 2003-09-17 |
MXPA03004964A (en) | 2003-09-05 |
US20040025262A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
CN1484719A (en) | 2004-03-24 |
WO2002046518A2 (en) | 2002-06-13 |
DE10060373A1 (en) | 2002-06-06 |
BR0115945A (en) | 2004-02-17 |
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