CA2368825C - Ventilation interface for sleep apnea therapy - Google Patents

Abstract

The ventilation interface for sleep apnea therapy interfaces a ventilation device to the patient's airways. The ventilation interface includes a pair of nasal inserts made from flexible, resilient silicone which are oval shaped in cross-section and slightly tapered from a base proximal the ventilation supply to the distal tip end. A bead flange is disposed about the exterior of each insert at the distal end of the insert. A bleed port for release of exhaled air is defined through a conical vent projecting normally to the path of the incoming air flow, and continues through a nipple extending to the exterior of the air conduit. In one embodiment, a pair of nasal inserts are integral with a nasal cannula body, with bleed ports axially aligned with each insert. In another embodiment, each insert is independently connected to a separate, thin-walled, flexible supply line.

Description

VENTILATION INTERFACE FOR SLEEP APNEA THERAPY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to ventilation devices, and particularly to a ventilation device having a nasal inserts which are inserted into the nostrils and seal against the nostrils without the aid of harnesses, head straps, adhesive tape or other external devices, and having exhalation ports designed to eliminate whistling noises, the ventilation interface having particular utility in various modes of therapy for obstructive sleep apnea.

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
Sleep apnea is a potentially lethal affliction in which breathing stops recurrently during sleep. Sleep apnea may be of the obstructive type (sometimes known as the pickwickian syndrome) in which the upper airway is blocked in spite of airflow drive; the central type with decreased respiratory drive; or a mixed type.
Breathing may cease for periods long enough to cause or to exacerbate cardiac conditions, and may be accompanied by swallowing of the tongue. Sleep apnea frequently results in fitful periods of both day and night sleeping with drowsiness and exhaustion, leaving the patient physically and mentally debilitated.
In recent years it has been found that various forms of positive airway pressure during sleep can be an effective form of therapy for the apnea sufferer. Ventilation can be applied in the form of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in which a positive pressure is maintained in the airway throughout the respiratory cycle, Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) in which positive pressure is maintained during inspiration but reduced during expiration, and Intermittent Mechanical Positive Pressure Ventilation in which pressure is applied when an episode of apnea is sensed. Positive airway pressure devices have traditionally employed either a face mask which only covers the patient's nose, or nasal pillows as the interface between the ventilation device and the patient's airway. However, there are problems with both of these interfaces.
The face mask requires a harness, headband, or other headgear to keep the mask in position, which many patient's find uncomfortable, particularly when sleeping. The face mask must seal the mask against the patient's face, and may cause irritation and facial sores, particularly if the patient moves his head while sleeping, causing the mask to rub against the skin. Face masks are also position dependent, and may leak if the mask changes position with movement of the patient's head. The face mask applies pressure to the sinus area of the face adjacent to the nose, causing the airways to narrow, thereby increasing the velocity of flow through the airway, but decreasing the pressure against the nasal mucosal walls. This strips moisture from the mucosal wall during inspiration, thereby causing drying and a burning sensation.
These factors will often result in the patient' s removal of the mask and discontinuance of positive airway pressure therapy.
Nasal pillows are pillowed style nasal seals which are pressed against the inferior portion of the nares to close the nostril openings. Nasal pillows require a headband or harness to maintain the pressure, resulting in the same patient discomfort noted with face masks. Nasal pillows have about a 0.25" internal diameter at the nasal entry port where the seal is made. Therefore, pressurized air must pass through a constricted port, increasing the velocity of airflow, with resultant drying and burning of the nasal airways. The narrowed interface diameter of the nasal pillows causes a pressure drop, which is directly proportional to the drop in the number of available air mo:Lecules within the closed system. It is the volume of air molecules at the area in the patient's throat where the apneic events appear that is needed to correct apnea. The narrower the airways or the internal diameter of the nasal interface, the lower the volume of air molecules that will be available and the greater the driving pressure that is required to meet the volume demand. An increase in driving pressure does not fully compensate for the loss in the number of air molecules available.
A further problem with existing ventilation devices is that the carbon dioxide bleed ports for venting exhaled gases are noisy on both nasal face masks and nasal pillows. The whistling noise that occurs while utilizing such devices can prove quite annoying to the patient, awakening the patient and causing the patient to discontinue use of the ventilation device.
A number of devices have been proposed which include a ventilation interface for supplying gases to be inhaled, for collecting exhaled gases, or for mounting sensors for measuring or monitoring respiratory function.
U.S. Patent Nos. 5,335,654 and 5,535,739, issued on August 9, 1994 to Rapoport and July 16, 1996 to Rapoport et al., respectively, describe a CPAP system using a conventional nasal mask, the innovation comprising a flow sensor in the input line connected to a signal processor to determine the waveform of airflow, which is connected to a flow controller to adjust the pressure of airflow as required. U.S. Des. Pat. No. 333,015, issued February 2, 1993 to Farmer et al.. shows an ornamental design for a nasal mask. U.S. Des. Patent No. 262,322, issued December 15, 1981 to Mizerak, shows an ornamental design for a nasal cannula with a mouth mask.
U.S. Patent No. 4,782,832, issued November 8, 1988 to Trimble et al. , discloses nasal pillows held in the patient's nose by a harness arrangement, the device having a plenum with two accordion or bellows shaped nipples for fitting against the nostril openings.
U.S. Patent Nos. 4,774,946, issued October 4, 1988 to Ackerman et al., teaches a nasal and endotracheal tube apparatus for administering CPAP to infants, the nose tubes having a bulbous portion for seating in the nares of an infant and a headband with a Velcro~ closure for supporting the cannula and supply tubes.
U.S. Patent Nos. 5,269,296, issued to Landis on December 14, 1993, and 5,477,852 and 5,687,715, issued to Landis et al. on December 26, 1995, and November 18, 1997, respectively, describe CPAP devices for the treatment of sleep apnea with relatively stiff or rigid nasal cannulae or prongs surrounded by inflatable cuffs to retain the cannulae in the nares, but which also may be supplemented by an inflatable head harness to position the cannulae and hold them in place, the two cannulae being joined by a conduit having vent holes to vent exhaled air. U.S. Patent No. 5,533,506, issued July 9, 1996 to the present inventor, discloses a nasal tube assembly in which the tubes are tapered, frustro-conical assemblies with a soft membrane over the distal tip and a washer at the base of the nasal tube to prevent the tubes from falling through a _ support bar connected to a harness, the nasal tubes forming a positive seal with the inside of the nostrils to prevent the escape of gases.
U.S. Patent No. 5, 682, 881, issued November 4, 1997 to Winthrop et al., shows a nasal cannula for CPAP therapy with cone shaped nasal prongs in which the cannula is secured to the patient' s upper lip by adhesive tape strips. U.S. Patent No. 4,915,105, issued April 10, 1990 to Lee, teaches a miniature respiratory breather apparatus in which relatively stiff or rigid nasal tubes have elastomeric packings for sealing the tubes in the nares.
Several patents describe improvements to nasal cannulae, but without sealing the nose tubes against the nostrils to prevent leakage of gas, including: U.S. Patent No. 3,513,844, issued May 26, 1970 to Smith (metal strip in cannula cross-tube to retain configuration matching patient's lip); U.S. Patent No. 4,106,505, issued August 15, 1978 to Salter et al. (cannula body with ends extending upward and rearward); U.S. Patent No. 4,915,104, issued April 10, 1990 to Marcy (clasp with lanyard supporting supply tubes to ease pressure on ears); U.S. Patent No. 5,025,805, issued June 25, 1991 to Nutter (cylindrical soft sponge cuff around supply tubes to ease pressure and prevent skin injuries); U.S. Patent No.
5,046,491, issued September 10, 1991 to Derrick (device for collecting gases exhaled from both nose and mouth) ; U. S . Patent No.
5,335,659, issued August 9, 1994 to Pologe (device for mounting optical sensor on nasal septum); U.S. Patent No. 5,509,409, issued April 23, 1996 to Weatherholt (nasal cannula with face guards);
U.S. Patent No. 5,572,994, issued November 12, 1996 to Smith (rotatable coupling in supply tubing); U.S. Patent No. 5,636,630, issued June 10, 1997 to Miller et al. (support for supply tubes);
U.S. Patent No. 5,704,916, issued January 6, 1998 to Byrd (novel head strap for nasal cannula); and U.S. Patent No. 5,704,799, issued April 21, 1998 to Nielsen (device with one-way flow through cannula and flow restrictor to equalize flow into two nose members).
None of the above inventions and patents, taken either singly or in combination, is seen to describe the instant invention as claimed. Thus a ventilation interface for sleep apnea therapy solving the aforementioned problems is desired.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a ventilation interface. The ventilation interface includes a pair of nasal inserts. Each nasal insert is a hollow body made from a flexible, resilient, soft, biocompatible material. Each nasal insert has a base end adapted for connection to a ventilator air flow and an open distal tip end.
Each nasal insert is substantially oval in cross-section at the base end and the distal end and continuously oval in cross-section between the base end and the distal end. A flange formed as a bead is disposed about the distal tip end of each nasal insert . The flange is adapted for forming a seal against a naris of a patient's nose. Each nasal insert is capable of being compressed and inserted into the patient's naris to a patient's mucosal membrane and being retained therein solely by the flange, by the resilience of the nasal insert, and by lateral pressure against the naris from ventilator air flow through each nasal insert.
In one embodiment of the invention, t=he ventilation interface includes a pair of supply tubes adapted for connection to a ventilator air flow. The base of each nasal insert is attached to a separate one of the supply tubes, whereby the nasal inserts are adapted for independent connection to a ventilator air supply.
In another embodiment of the invention, the ventilation interface includes a nasal cannula. The cannula is a hollow, arcuate body having a flat top wall and a semi-cylindrical bottom wall defining an air chamber. The body has cylindrical tubes at opposing ends of the body adapted for connection to ventilator supply tubes . The ventilation interface includes a pair of hollow, flexible, resilient nasal inserts. Each nasal insert has a base end connected to the top wall of the nasal cannula and an open distal tip end. Each nasal insert is oval in cross-section and defines a conduit forming an air passage in communication with the air chamber. Each nasal insert has a flange formed as a bead disposed about the distal tip end. Each nasal insert is capable of being compressed and inserted into the patient's naris to a patient' s mucosal membrane and being retained therein solely by the flange, by the resilience of the nasal insert, and by lateral pressure against the naris from ventilator air flow through each nasal insert.

_ BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a front environmental view of a ventilation interface for sleep apnea therapy according to the present invention.
Fig..2A is an exploded elevational of a ventilation interface according to the present invention.
Fig. 2B is a perspective view of a ventilation interface embodied in a nasal cannula body according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a section view along the lines 3-3 of Fig. 2A.
Fig. 4 is a section view along the lines 4-4 of Fig. 2A.
Fig. 5 is a section view along the lines 5-5 of Fig. 2A.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the ventilation interface with the nasal inserts incorporated into independent supply tubes.
Similar reference characters denote corresponding features consistently throughout the attached drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The ventilation interface for sleep apnea therapy interfaces a ventilation device which provides positive airway pressure (either continuous, bilevel, or intermittent) with the patient's airways. The ventilation interface includes a pair of nasal inserts made from flexible, resilient silicone which are oval shaped in cross-section and slightly tapered from a base proximal the ventilation supply to the distal tip end. A bead flange is disposed about the exterior of each insert at the distal end of the insert. A bleed port for release of exhaled air is defined through a conical vent projecting normally to the path of the incoming air flow, and continues through a nipple extending to the exterior of the air conduit. In one embodiment, a pair of nasal inserts are integral with a nasal cannula body, with bleed ports axially aligned with each insert. In another embodiment, each insert is independently connected to a separate, thin-walled, flexible supply line.

Advantageously, the construction of the nasal inserts permits the ventilation interface to be retained in the patient's nares without requiring a harness, head strap, or other retaining device.
The nasal inserts do not merely seal the base of the nostrils, but are inserted into the nostrils farther than nasal pillows, as far as the nasal mucosal membrane, and are retained by resilient expansion of the inserts, the flanges engaging notches in the nares, together with the pressure of incoming air, which forms a positive seal to prevent the leakage of air past the inserts. The nasal inserts are constructed according to specifications which permit the inserts to be relatively thin-walled, and are oval-shaped in cross-section to conform to the shape of the nostrils.
This construction permits the nasal inserts to have a large internal diameter in order to pass a greater volume of air than nasal pillows or prongs, without significant narrowing of the air passages, thereby maintaining lateral pressure, and avoiding drying and burning of the patient's nasal passages, as well as supplying a sufficient number of air molecules at the desired pressure to keep the patient's airways patent. Consequently, the ventilation device is more comfortable for the patient to wear while sleeping than conventional positive airway pressure devices, but at the same time is more effective in treating the patient's apnea.
The bleed ports are specially designed to avoid the whistling noises commonly experienced with conventional nasal masks and nasal pillows. By projecting the vent structure into the air passage normal to the direction of the air flow from the supply tubes, incoming air must turn ninety degrees and exit through a long, restricted diameter bleed port to vent to the atmosphere, eliminating whistling noises to increase patient comfort. In the embodiment having a nasal cannula body, the bleed ports are axially aligned with the nasal inserts, providing C02 with a direct path to exit the cannula body. When the nasal inserts are attached to independent supply tubes, the bleed ports are at the base of the nostrils, providing essentially normal exhalation.
When the nasal inserts are directly connected to the supply tubes, the nasal inserts may be even more thin-walled than when attached to a cannula body, resulting in an even greater volume of air supplied through the cannula body, up to a 20% increase in volume. In this case the supply tubes may be similar to heat-shrink tubing, being made from a very thin-walled thermoplastic material that is lightweight and flexible so that the supply tubing may collapse when not in use, but will expand to a predetermined diameter under pressure applied by a ventilator.
The ventilation interface for sleep apnea therapy is designated generally as 10 in the drawings. The ventilation interface 10 provides an interface for connecting a ventilation device which provides positive airway pressure (either continuous, bilevel, or intermittent) with the patient's airways. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2A, the ventilation interface 10 includes a conventional adapter or Y-connector 12 having a first end adapted to receive a supply hose 14 from a mechanical ventilator (not shown) and a second end having a pair of ports 16 with barbed connectors for attachment to two supply tubes 18. Supply tubes 18 may be, e.g., 0.3125" ID (inside diameter) flexchem tubing,. made of polyvinyl chloride or other conventional gas supply tubing. For sleep apnea therapy, the mechanical ventilator will usually supply room air at a pressure of between five and fifteen centimeters bf water. The room air may be supplemented with oxygen if desired by splicing an oxygen supply line into supply hose 14 or using a triple port connector in lieu of Y-connector 12. It is normally unnecessary to humidify or add moisture to the air supplied by the mechanical ventilator in using the ventilation interface 10 of the present invention, as the interface 10 is designed to avoid stripping moisture from the nares, so that moisture does not have to be added to relieve patient discomfort from drying or burning sensation in the nasal airways.
In the embodiment shown in Figs . 1 and 2A, the ends of the supply tubes distal from the Y-connector 12 are attached to opposite ends of a nasal cannula body 22 by barbed connectors 20.
Barbed connectors 20 preferably have an inside diameter substantially equal to the inside diameter of supply tubes 18 in order to prevent any constriction or narrowing of the air passage which may cause increased velocity in air flow. Nasal cannula body 22, described more fully below, has a pair of nasal inserts 30 which are inserted into the nares of the patient P. The supply tubes may be looped over the patient's ears and joined to the Y-connector 12, which may be suspended at about the patient's chest level when the patient is standing, as shown in Fig. 1. For Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) or Intermittent Mechanical Positive Pressure Ventilation therapy, a suitable valve may be connected between the supply tubes 18 and the cannula body 22. An exemplary valve is described in the Applicant's corresponding United States Patent Number 6,478,026.
The nasal cannula body 22 is shown in greater detail in Fig.
2B. The cannula body 22 is an arcuate, hollow, body having substantially flat top wall 22a and flat sidewalls 22b merging with a semi-cylindrical bottom wall 22c defining an air chamber 22d (seen more clearly in Fig. 3) for the passage of air and other gases, and having cylindrical tubes 24 at opposite ends which receive one end of the barbed connectors 20. A notch 26 is defined transversely across the top wall 22a of the cannula body 22, defining a pair of mounting pads 28. A pair of nasal inserts 30 are formed integral with the mounting pads 28. The nasal inserts 30 are hollow and form a continuous flow path or conduit for the passage of inhaled and exhaled gases between the patient's nasal air passages and the air chamber 22d.
The nasal inserts are shown in greater detail in Figs. 3, 4, and 5. The nasal inserts 30 are substantially oval in cross-section, with the major axis substantially parallel with the notch and the minor axis normal to the notch. The nasal inserts 30 taper slightly from a wide base 32 proximal the cannula body 22 to the open distal tip ends 34. The nasal inserts 30 have a flange 36 about the distal tip ends 34 on the exterior surface of the inserts 30, which may be formed as a semi-cylindrical bead.
The cannula body 22, including the nasal inserts 30, are preferably made from silicone elastomer. The cannula body 22 or air chamber 22d has an internal diameter of at least 0.3125 inches throughout its length. The walls of the nasal inserts 30 may be thinner than the top wall 22a. The thickness of the walls of the nasal inserts 30 are preferably between about 1/32 and 1/20 inches .
The thickness of the walls at the flange 36 may be about 1/16 inches. The hardness of the walls of the nasal insert 30, as tested on a type A Shore durometer, may range between about 15 and 40, preferably about 30. If the walls of the nasal inserts 30 are made any thinner, they will fail to have sufficient integrity, and if made any thicker, they will have insufficient flexibility to--~

form a seal against the pares. The thinness and softness of the nasal inserts 30 make them virtually unnoticeable while in the nostrils. For an adult patient, the nasal inserts may have a height of between about 0.25 and 0.75 inches. The internal diameter of the nasal inserts 30 may measure about 0.75" on the major axis and 0.5" on the minor axis, allowing for generous laminar air flow and delivering pressure more by volume of air molecules than velocity of air flow, and deliver about double the volume of nasal pillows, which have a round internal diameter of, for example, about 0.25 inches. Nasal pillows cannot be made with such large internal diameters, because it becomes difficult to create a seal under the bottom of the nose, as the pillows would have an internal diameter larger than the internal diameter of the pares, and the pillows are not as flexible as the nasal inserts 30 of the present invention.
In use, the nasal inserts 30 are inserted up the patient' s nostrils until the flanges 36 lodge against the mucous membranes.
As such, the nasal inserts 30 are considered an invasive device.
Testing has confirmed that the nasal inserts 30 are biocompatible and meet regulatory requirements. The nasal inserts are retained in the patient's pares by the flanges 36, by the flexibility and resiliency of the silicone elastomer, and by lateral pressure of the room air, which is maintained at between five and fifteen centimeters of water. The oval cross-section of the nasal inserts 30 is shaped to conform to the normally oval shape of the pares.
The relative large internal diameter of the nasal inserts 30 permits air to be supplied to the patient's airways in sufficient volume at the driving pressure without accelerating the rate of airflow that the patient has sufficient positive airway pressure to be of therapeutic value in maintaining the patient's airways patent during an episode of obstructive apnea without drying the nasal passages. The notch 26 in the top wall 22a of the cannula body 22 lends additional flexibility to the cannula body 22, so that the nasal cannula 22 can be adjusted for deviated septums, thick septums, and other anatomical variations in the configuration of the nostrils.
The cannula body 22 has a pair of bleeder ports 38 disposed in the bottom wall 22c directly below and axially aligned with the nasal inserts 30. The bleeder ports are formed by an upper sonically shaped nipple 40 extending upward into the air chamber 22d, and a lower sonically shaped nipple 42 extending below the bottom wall 22c. The bleeder port has an internal diameter if about three millimeters and extends for a length of about 0.25 inches. The upper nipple 40 extends about 0.125 inches into the air chamber 22d. The internal diameter of the bleeder port 38 is ample to permit venting of carbon dioxide exhaled by the patient while not being so large as to cause a significant pressure drop in the cannula body 22, and axial alignment of the bleeder port 38 with the nasal inserts 22 creates a direct path for venting of the expired gases. At the same time, laminar flow of air supplied by the supply tubes is normal to the bleeder ports 38, so that air supplied by the ventilator must bend ninety degrees to exit through the elongated bleeder port 38. The effect of this construction is that the bleeder port 38 is virtually silent in operation, eliminating the whistle associated with bleeder holes in conventional ventilation interfaces.
Fig. 6 is a generally diagrammatic view of an alternative embodiment of the ventilation interface, designated 50 in the drawing. In this embodiment, each nasal insert 52 is connected to a separate supply tube 54, the supply tubes 54 being connected to the mechanical ventilator supply hose 56 by a suitable Y-connector 58 or adapter, the cannula body 22 and common air chamber 22d being omitted. The nasal inserts 52 have substantially the same construction as nasal inserts 30, being oval in cross-section and having a similar height and an annular flange 60 about the distal tip for lodging the nasal insert 52 in a naris. The nasal insert 52 is also made from silicone elastomer, and has the same softness, thickness, flexibility and resilience as the nasal insert 30. In this configuration, since the inserts are not connected to the cannula body 22, the angle at which the inserts 52 enter the nostrils is not restricted by the cannula body 22, and therefore the nares can accept a greater displacement, and may accommodate a 20% greater volume of air molecules through the insert 52 than the insert 30.
In this embodiment, the supply tubes 54 may be made from a flexible, lightweight, but relatively inelastic thermoplastic material, similar to heat shrink tubing, so that the supply tubes 54 may be at least partially collapsed in the absence of pressure from the mechanical ventilator, but expand to their maximum diameter under a pressure of between five to fifteen centimeters of water . The lightweight of the supply tubes 54 decreases any pressure on the patient's ears resulting from the weight of the supply tubes, increasing patient comfort. The bleeder ports 62 have a similar construction to the bleeder ports 38, having an internal nipple 65 normal to the axis of the nasal insert 52 and an external nipple 64, the bleeder ports 62 being just above the base of the inserts 52 and normal to the flow of supply air through the inserts 52.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the dimensions of the nasal inserts 30 and 52, and of the bleeder ports 38 and 62, are representative dimensions for a ventilation interface 10 or 50 designed for adults, and that the ventilation interface 10 or 50 may be made with correspondingly reduced dimensions for teenage children, preteens, and infants. It will also be understood that the nasal inserts 30 and 52 may be made from thermoplastic elastomers other than silicone, providing that the material has similar softness, resilience, flexibility, and biocompatibility. It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that the nasal inserts 30 and 52, although illustrated in conjunction with ventilation devices for the treatment of sleep apnea, may be used in any other application where it is desirable to have an interface forming a seal between a person's nasal airways and a ventilation or gas collection device, including, but not limited to, rescue breathing apparatus used by firefighters and other emergency personnel, scuba diving tanks, etc.
The preferred embodiments of the invention provide a ventilation interface for sleep apnea therapy having nasal inserts which seal against the nares and do not require a harness, head strap, or other external devices to maintain pressure for retaining the inserts in or against the patient's nostrils. The nasal inserts are made of flexible, resilient plastic with a bead flange for retaining the inserts in the nares. The~walls of the insert are thin-walled and maintain lateral pressure in the nares in order to provide a greater internal diameter for the delivery of a greater volume of air molecules at a constant delivery pressure and without forcing ventilation gases through restricted ports or passageways. Drying and burning of the patient's nasal airways is avoided while delivering a therapeutic volume of air to maintain the apneic patient's airways in a patent condition. The invention provides a ventilation interface for sleep apnea therapy with improved bleed ports to avoid whistling noises at the interface while maintaining a vent passage for expired air. The ventilation interface is lightweight and comfortable so that the apnea patient is not tempted to discard the ventilation device while sleeping.
It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but encompasses any and all embodiments within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (19)

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A ventilation interface, comprising:

(a) a pair of nasal inserts, each nasal insert being a hollow body made from a flexible, resilient, soft, biocompatible material, each nasal insert having a base end adapted for connection to a ventilator air flow and an open distal tip end, each nasal insert being substantially oval in cross-section at the base end and the distal end and continuously oval in cross-section between the base end and the distal end; and (b) a flange formed as a bead disposed about the distal tip end of each said nasal insert, the flange being adapted for forming a seal against a naris of a patient's nose;
(c) wherein each said nasal insert is capable of being compressed and inserted into the patient's naris to the patient's mucosal membrane and being retained therein solely by said flange, by the resilience of said nasal insert, and by lateral pressure against the naris from ventilator air flow through each said nasal insert.

2. The ventilation interface according to claim 1, wherein each said nasal insert is made from silicone.

3. The ventilation interface according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each said nasal insert has an internal diameter of 0.75 inches on a major axis and 0.5 inches on a minor axis.

4. The ventilation interface according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein each said nasal insert has a wall thickness between about 1/32 and 1/20 inches.

5. The ventilation interface according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each said nasal insert has a softness measuring between about 15 and 40 on a type A Shore durometer.

6. The ventilation interface according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a nasal cannula body, the base end of each said nasal insert being integral with said nasal cannula body, said nasal cannula body defining an air chamber common to each said nasal insert.

7. The ventilation interface according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a pair of supply tubes for delivering a gas from a ventilator, the base of each of said nasal inserts being connected to a separate one of the pair of supply tubes so that each said nasal insert is independently supplied with gas from the ventilator.

8. A ventilation interface, comprising:
(a) a nasal cannula, the cannula being a hollow, arcuate body having a flat top wall and a semi-cylindrical bottom wall defining an air chamber, the body having cylindrical tubes at opposing ends of the body adapted for connection to ventilator supply tubes; and (b) a pair of hollow, flexible, resilient nasal inserts, each nasal insert having a base end connected to the top wall of said nasal cannula and an open distal tip end, each nasal insert being oval in cross-section and defining a conduit forming an air passage in communication with said air chamber, each said nasal insert having a flange formed as a bead disposed about the distal tip end;
(c) wherein each said nasal insert is capable of being compressed and inserted into a patient's naris to the patient's mucosal membrane and being retained therein solely by said flange, by the resilience of said nasal insert, and by lateral pressure against the naris from ventilator air flow through each said nasal insert.

9. The ventilation interface according to claim 8, wherein said nasal cannula and each of said nasal inserts is made from silicone, said nasal inserts being formed integral with said nasal cannula.

10. The ventilation interface according to claim 8 or 9, wherein each said nasal insert has an internal diameter of 0.75 inches on a major axis and 0.5 inches on a minor axis.

11. The ventilation interface according to claim 8, 9 or 10, wherein each said nasal insert has a wall thickness between about 1/32 and 1/20 inches.

12. The ventilation interface according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein each said nasal insert has a softness measuring between about 15 and 40 on a type A Shore durometer.

13. The ventilation interface according to any one of claims 8 to 12, further comprising:
(a) a pair of barb connectors; and (b) a pair of supply tubes, said supply tubes being connected to the cylindrical tubes at opposite ends of said nasal cannula by said barb connectors.

14. The ventilation interface according to claim 13, further comprising a Y-connector having a first end adapted for connection to a ventilator supply hose, and a second end having a pair of ports connected to said supply tubes.

15. The ventilation interface according to any one of claims 8 to 14, wherein the top wall of said nasal cannula has a notch defined therein parallel to and disposed between said nasal inserts for increasing the flexibility of said nasal cannula in order to bend said nasal cannula to conform to the patient's nostril configuration.

16. The ventilation interface according to any one of claims 8 to 15, further comprising a pair of bleeder ports defined through the bottom wall of said nasal cannula, each said bleeder port being axially aligned with a separate one of said nasal inserts and further including an upper nipple projecting into said air chamber and a lower nipple depending from the bottom wall of said nasal cannula, the bleeder port being defined through said upper and lower nipples.

17. A ventilation interface, comprising:
(a) a pair of nasal inserts, each nasal insert being a hollow body made from a flexible, resilient, soft, biocompatible material, each nasal insert having a base end and an open distal tip end, each nasal insert being substantially oval in cross-section at the base end and the distal end and continuously oval in cross-section between the base end and the distal end;
(b) a flange formed as a bead disposed about the distal tip end of each said nasal insert, the flange being adapted for forming a seal against a naris of a patient's nose; and (c) a pair of supply tubes adapted for connection to a ventilator air flow, the base of each said nasal insert being attached to a separate one of said supply tubes, whereby said nasal inserts are adapted for independent connection to a ventilator air supply;
(d) wherein each said nasal insert is capable of being compressed and inserted into the patient's naris to the patient's mucosal membrane and being retained therein solely by said flange, by the resilience of said nasal insert, and by lateral pressure against the naris from ventilator air flow through each said nasal insert.

18. The ventilator interface according to claim 17, wherein each said supply tube is made from a flexible, inelastic, lightweight, thin-walled material.

19. The ventilator interface according to claim 17 or 18, wherein each said nasal insert further comprises a bleeder port defined through said nasal insert adjacent the base of said nasal insert, the bleeder port further including an interior nipple projecting into said nasal insert and an exterior nipple extending from said nasal insert, the bleeder port being defined through said interior and exterior nipples, the bleeder port being aligned normal to air flow through said nasal insert.