CA2232473A1 - Dryer activated fabric conditioning and antistatic compositions - Google Patents
Dryer activated fabric conditioning and antistatic compositions Download PDFInfo
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- CA2232473A1 CA2232473A1 CA 2232473 CA2232473A CA2232473A1 CA 2232473 A1 CA2232473 A1 CA 2232473A1 CA 2232473 CA2232473 CA 2232473 CA 2232473 A CA2232473 A CA 2232473A CA 2232473 A1 CA2232473 A1 CA 2232473A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
- C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
- C11D17/047—Arrangements specially adapted for dry cleaning or laundry dryer related applications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/835—Mixtures of non-ionic with cationic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C11D3/32—Amides; Substituted amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
- C11D1/523—Carboxylic alkylolamides, or dialkylolamides, or hydroxycarboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 or R3 contain one hydroxy group per alkyl group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
- C11D1/525—Carboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 or R3 contain two or more hydroxy groups per alkyl group, e.g. R3 being a reducing sugar rest
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/667—Neutral esters, e.g. sorbitan esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
Textile softening compositions can include a blend of nonionic and cationic surfactants. In particularly useful embodiments, the blend exhibits a broad trough endotherm between about room temperature and about 60°C. The compositions can be applied to a substrate to provide a dryer-activated softening product.
Description
; , , CA 02232473 1998-03-17 DRYER-ACTIVATED FABRIC CONDITIONING
AND ANTISTATIC CO~POSITIONS
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure relates to dryer-activated softening products, compositions and processes for making same.
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
Textile softening compositions are generally delivered either in the wash cycle or during the drying-cycle. In a dryer-added softener, the softening composition is normally provided on a substrate (e.g., sheet or sponge). Heat from the dryer causes release of the softening composition from the substrate.
Uneven release of the softening composition from the substrate during the drying cycle is not uncommon among dryer-activated softeners which are presently commercially available. The result may be unsatisfactory softening and/or unsatisfactory antistatic performance. It would be desirable to provide a dryer-activated softener product that achieves a more uniform delivery of the softening composition.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Dryer-activated fabric softening compositions and articles have been discovered. When the compositions are - applied to a substrate, the resulting articles exhibit improved delivery of the composition from the substrate and/or improved antistatic effects. These compositions and/or articles comprise a blend of nonionic and cationic surfactantc exhibiting a broad trough endotherm between about room temperature and about 60~C. Particularly useful blends contain at least about 40~ by weight cationic surfactant with the balance of the blend being one or more nonionic:
surfactants. Preferred cationic surfactants for making the blend are quartenary compounds of the ~ormula:
Rl- Nl - R3 (I) R4 X~
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of C12 - C24 O Z
// /
aliphatic groups, and Rs(C)m(-OCH-CH2)~- groups wherein m=0 or 1, n=1 to 6 and Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and C1 to C6 alkyl or alkylene group, and Rs is Cl~-C23 aliphatic;
R2 and R3 can be the same or different and are indlvidually selected from the group consisting of Rl, Cl-C6 aliphatic groups, and oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene groups of similar or dissimilar naturei R4 is a Cl-C4 alkyl; and X~ is any compatible anion, examples of which include, but are not limited to halogen, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, acetate, carbonate, nitrate, phosphate and methylcarbonate.
The softener compositions described herein are preferably applied to a substrate. In use, the impregnated and/or coated substrate is placed in the dryer with clothes or other textiles to be dried and softened. Due to the broad trough endotherm, a relatively uniform release of softener composition is achieved throughout the drying cycle. The compositions described herein provide excellent antistatic activity.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 graphically depicts static charge and weight loss both as a function of time for the dryer-activated softening product of E~ample 1.
Figure 2 is a DSC curve for the product of Example 1.
Figure 3 graphically depicts static charge and weight loss both as a function of time for the dryer-activated softening product of Example 2.
Figure 4 is a DSC curve for the product of Example 2.
Figure 5 graphically depicts static charge and weight loss both as a function of time fo~ the dryer-activated softening product of the Comparative Example.
Figure 6 is a DSC curve for the product of the Comparative Example.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBO~IMENTS
Fabric softening compositions and articles having improved delivery from a substrate and/or antistatic effects are described herein for use in an automatic clothes dryer.
The compositions comprise a blend of cationic and nonionic surfactants. The surfactant blend exhibits, as indicated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, a broad trough endotherm between about room temperature and about 60~C. The trough minimum preferably corresponds to a temperature in the range between about 45~C and about 55~C. Surfactant blends exhibiting such heat absorption characteristics achieve a relatively even release of the softening composition during a typical drying cycle, thereby providing desirable and improved softening and antistatic effects.
The surfactant blend contains at least one cationic surfactant. Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula:
R1- N+- R3 . (I) R4 X~
3s wherein Rl is selected from the group consisting of Cl2 - C24 - ~ CA 02232473 1998-03-17 O Z
// /
aliphatic groups, and Rs(C)m(-OC~-C~2)~- groups wherein m=0 or 1, n=1 to 6 and Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrosen, and Cl to C6 alkyl or alkylene group, and Rs is C11-C2 aliphatic;
R2 and R~ can be the same or different and are individually selected from the group consisting of R1, C1-C
aliphatic groups, and oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene groups of similar or dissimilar nature;
R4 is a Cl-C4 alkyl; and X~ is any compati~le anion, examples of which include, but are not limited to halogen, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, acetate, carbonate, nitrate, phosphate and methylcar~onate.
Suitable quaternary compounds include, but are not limited to dihydrogenated tallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, ditallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, dihydrogenated palm dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, dipalm dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate and mixtures thereof.
The cationic surfactants can be blended with nonionic surfactants to ~roduce surfactant blends. Any conventional nonionic surfactant can be blended with the above-described cationic surfactant, provided the blend exhibits a broad trough endotherm between about room temperature and about 60OC. In a preferred embodiment a blend of non-ionic surfactants is employed.
Suitable nonionic surfactants include the r@action products of alkylene oxide with hydrophobic groups. By way of example, ethylene oxide or propylene oxide can be reacted with fatty acids, fatty alcohols or alkylphenols. As other examples, fatty acid alkanolamides, glycerol esters (e.g., glycerol monostearate or fatty alcohols (e.g., stearyl alcohol)) can be used as the nonionic surfactant. Other specific examples of suitable nonionic surfactants include:
a. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chained aliphatic alcoh having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 1 to about 40 moles of alkylene oxide, preferably from about 3 to about 20 moles of alkylene oxide, and still more preferably from about 4 to about 10 moles of alkylene oxide;
b. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain aliphatic carboxylic acid having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 1 to about 50 moles of alkylene oxide, preferably from 3 to about 20 moles of alkylene oxide, and still more preferably from about 4 to about 10 moles of alkylene oxide;
c. aliphatic carboxylic acids containing from about 12 to about 30 carbon atomsi d. aliphatic alcohols having from about 16 to about 30 carbon atoms;
e. the condensation product of 1 mole of an alkyl phenol, wherein the alkyl chain has from about eight to about 18 carbon atoms, with from about 2 to about 50 moles of alkylene oxide, preferably from about 4 to about 35 moles of alkylene oxide, and still more preferably from about 6 to about 15 moles of alkylene oxide;
f. glycerides, selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides and mixtures thereof;
g. amides, selected from the group consisting of:
i. propyl amide, ii. N-methyl amides having an acyl chain length of from about 10 to about 15 carbon atoms, iii. oleamide, iv. amides of ricinoleic acid, v. N-isobutyl amides of pelargonic, capric, undecanoic, or lauric acids, vi. N-(2-hydroxylethyl) amides having a carbon chain length of from about six to about 10 carbon atoms, vii. pentylanilide, - vii. anilides having a carbon chain length of from about seven to about 12 carbon atoms, ix. N-cyclopentyllauramide ard N-cyclo-pentylstearamide, and x. glucose amides; and h. the condensation product of 1 mole of a primary or secondary amine containing at least 12 carbon atoms with from 1 to about 100 moles of alkylene oxide, preferably from about 3 to about 50 moles of alkylene oxide, and still more preferably from about 4 to about 25 moles of alkylene oxide.
Fatty acid ethoxylates and triglycerides are particularly useful nonionic surfactants. Most preferred are ~thofat~
18/14 (an Akzo Nobel ethoxylate) and Pristerene3 4911 (a fatty acid from Unichema).
While the cationic and nonionic surfactants can be blended in any proportion that provides the desired endotherm, particularly useful compositions contain at least about 40~ by weight of the cationic surfactant. In particularly useful embodiments, two or more nonionic surfactants are blended with the cationic surfactant in making the softening composition.
The manner of preparing the surfactant blend and applying the blend to a substrate is not critical. In a typical preparation, cationic surfactant is produced in a diluant or neat, such that the temperature is maintained preferably between 45~C and 150~C or at a temperature sufficient to maintain liquidity during quaternization. The concen~ration of quaternary at this point could range anywhere from 40~ to 100~ tby weight). After quaternization, the concentration of nonionic can be adjusted to the desired level by adding the liquified nonionic to the cationic or vice versa. When the quaternization is performed, a non-ionic surfactant or a blend of non-ionic surfactants can be utilized as a diluent to maintain liquidity of the reaction mixture. The benefit of such procedure is that the non-ionic surfactant or blend of non-ionic surfactants need not be removed from the final product, as it becomes an integral component thereof.
Alternatively, organic solvents can be used as diluents during the quaternization. However, it is desirable to remove such solvents to a level of below l~ and more preferably to a level of below 0.5~ prior to use as a tumble dryer sheet active because of flammability and possible health considerations.
Typically, short chain aliphatic alcohols (for example, C1 to C6 alcohols such as ethanol, propanol, isopropanol or butanol and the like) can be employed as the diluent.
Optional components which can be included in the softening compositions described herein include soil re~ease agents, perfume components (e.g. free perfume or cyclodextrin/perfume complexes), stabilizers (including antioxidants and reductive agents), colorants, preservatives, optical brighteners, opacifiers, anti-shrinkage agents, antiwrinkle agents, fabric crisping agents, spotting agents, germicides, fungicides, anti-corrosion agents, antifoam agents and the like.
In particularly useful embodiments, the softening compositions described herein are incorporated into articles of manufacture. Representative articles are those that are adapted to soften fabrics in an automatic laundry dryer, such 25as the types disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,989,631; 4,055,248;
4,073,996; 4,022,938i 4,764,289; 4,808,086; 4,103,047;
3,736,668; 3,701,202; 3,634,947; 3,633,538; 3,435,537 and 4,000,340, all of said patents being incorporated he-rein by reference.
30In a preferred substrate article embodimeht, the softening compositions described herein are provided as an article of manufacture in combination with a dispensing means such as a flexible substrate which e fec~ively releases the composition in an automatic laundry (clothes) dryer. Such dispensing means can be designed for single usage or for multiple uses. The dispensing means can also be a "carrier material" that releases the fabric softener composition and then is dispersed and/or exhausted from the dryer.
The dispensing means will normally carry an effective amount of fabric treatment composition. Such effectivè amount typically provides sufficient fabric softening/antistatic composition for at least one treatment of a minimum load in an automatic laundry dryer. Amounts of fabric softening composition for multiple uses, e.g., up to about 30, can be used. Typical amounts for a single article can vary from about 0.25 g to about 100 g, preferably from about 0.5 g to about 20 g, most preferably from about 1 g to about 10 g.
Highly preferred paper, woven or nonwoven "absorbent"
substrates useful herein are fully disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
153,686,025, incorporated herein by reference. It is known that most substances are able to absorb a liquid substance to some degree; however, the term "absorbent" as used herein, is intended to mean a substance with an absorbent capacity (i.e., a parameter representing a substrate's ability to take up and 20retain a liquid) from 4 to 12, preferably 5 to 7, times its weight of water.
Another article comprises a sponge material releasably enclosing enough fabric softening composition to effectively impart antistatic effect and/or softness benefits during several cycles of drying clothes. This multi-use article can be made by filling a hollow sponge with about 20 grams of the fabric softening composition described herein.
Once applied to the substrate, the fabric softening composition described herein can be applied to fabric to provide softening and/or antistatic effects to fabric in an automatic laundry dryer. Generally, the method of using the compositions described herein comprises: commingling pieces of damp fabric by tumbling said fabric under heat in an automatic clothes dryer with an effective amount of the fabric softening composition. The composition preferably has a melting point ~ CA 02232473 1998-03-17 greater than about room temperature (e.g., about 35~C) and the composition is flowable at dryer operating temperatures.
The following are nonlimiting examples of the instant articles, methods and compositions of the present invention.
Exam~le 1 In this example a composition comprising roughly 50~ cf dihydrogenated tallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate in combination with 25~ stearic acid and 25~ ethoxylated stearic acid (4 moles of ethylene oxide) is evenly distributed on a polyester nonwoven substrate for use in the tumble dryer. A
typical method for accomplishing this is to place the active onto a warm temperature-controlled surface and place the non-woven substrate sheet on top. The active is then spread using a rolling device and applying a fixed amount of downward force during the rolling.
The sheets loaded with approximately 1.5 grams of active were then evaluated using the standard protocol for evaluating tumble dryer sheet effectiveness in a tumble dryer.
A sheet was added with the wet fabric (roughly 7.0 lbs of mixed fabric/garments). The electric tumble dryer was set to "high~ and was allowed to tumble for up to 70 minutes without a cool-down cycle. Static charge measurements were made at 5 minute intervals on a pair of women~s, polyester fabric pants.
Measurements were made using a hand-held Simco~ static charge voltmeter. Additionally, measurements were made of the tumble dryer sheet to determine the release of active from the non-woven during the drying process. Graphs of static charge as a function of time and weight loss from the sheet as a function of time are shown in Figure 1. Also to get a better understanding of the amount of charge being accumulated in the tumble dryer as a function of time the point charge data was integrated to yield a value which could be described as the total ~Ipower~l developed during the drying process. This values give a relatively good value for making comparisons of effectiveness of different tumble dryer treatments. Since it ls desired that the addition of the tumble dryer sheet will result in decreased amounts of static charge development, the lower the value of the "power" the more effective the sheet/treatment. The amount of active available for release is approximately 1.5 grams. The effectiveness on reducing static charge and the total amount of material being released into the drying fabric is measured periodically. The amount of static charge values and the weight of product released into the tumbling fabric is shown graphically in ~igure l as a function of drying time. The DSC of the active of Example 1 is shown in Figure 2.
Example 2 A nonwoven substrate carrying 1.5 grams of a composition containing 40~ dihydrogenated tallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, 30~ stearic acid and 30~ ethoxylated stearic acid (4 moles of ethylene oxide) is prepared and tested as in the previous ~xample A plot of the static charge and release of actives into the fabric as a function of time is shown in Figure 3. Figure 4 shows a plot of the DSC for this material.
Com~arative ExamPle For comparison a typical commercial composition of dryer sheet active (Armosoft~ DA-3 a tradename of Akzo Nobel Chemicals Inc.) is distributed evenly on a polyester nonwoven substrate of dimension 9"xll". This sheet was loaded so that the amount of product available for transfer was 1.5 grams. Measurements of static charge and product transferred from the nonwoven are made for comparison with data from the previous examples. The data is graphically shown in Figure 5. The amount of static charge accumulated during the latter half of the drying cycle increases significantly. Also, there is a less even~ release of actives from the dryer sheet than in previous examples.
A DSC of the Armosoft DA-3 is shown in Figure 6. The DSC
curves of the materials in Examples 1-2, show a broad endotherm, or single minimum trough which had a minimum in the region of 50-60~C. In contrast, the DSC of Armosoft DA-3 of the Comparative Example, there are two distinct troughs and minima for the composition indicating that the material does not soften evenly over the course of the drying/heating. This also indicates a propensity for the material being released to have a different composition over the drying history.
The foIlowing Table I summarizes data from the foregoing Examples and compares the integrals of static charge as a function of time. The integrals of Examples 1-2 are all of significantly lower values for the materials herewith falling under the teachings of the present disclosure, as compared with that of a typical dryer sheet active as represented by the Comparative Example.
Table I
PRODUCT INTEGRAL OF AVG. STATIC AVG.~ WEIGHT
STATI~ CHARGE ~ 70 RELEASED FROM
MINS. (kV) SHEET @ 70 MINS
Comparative 720.75 0.955 81.67 Example Example 1 206.00 0.027 92.8 Example 2 293.50 0.313 87.87 As the foregoing examples show, the compositions described herein provide a more even application of softening and antistatic properties over the entire drying cycle. These results are most easily seen by comparing the two peak DSC
curves of conventional compositions which indicate uneven release of the composition, and the broad trough endotherm shown in a DSC curve of compositions in accordance wi-th this disclosure.
Modifications and variations of the compositions and processes described herein are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that changes may be made in particular embodiments described which are within the full intended scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
AND ANTISTATIC CO~POSITIONS
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure relates to dryer-activated softening products, compositions and processes for making same.
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
Textile softening compositions are generally delivered either in the wash cycle or during the drying-cycle. In a dryer-added softener, the softening composition is normally provided on a substrate (e.g., sheet or sponge). Heat from the dryer causes release of the softening composition from the substrate.
Uneven release of the softening composition from the substrate during the drying cycle is not uncommon among dryer-activated softeners which are presently commercially available. The result may be unsatisfactory softening and/or unsatisfactory antistatic performance. It would be desirable to provide a dryer-activated softener product that achieves a more uniform delivery of the softening composition.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Dryer-activated fabric softening compositions and articles have been discovered. When the compositions are - applied to a substrate, the resulting articles exhibit improved delivery of the composition from the substrate and/or improved antistatic effects. These compositions and/or articles comprise a blend of nonionic and cationic surfactantc exhibiting a broad trough endotherm between about room temperature and about 60~C. Particularly useful blends contain at least about 40~ by weight cationic surfactant with the balance of the blend being one or more nonionic:
surfactants. Preferred cationic surfactants for making the blend are quartenary compounds of the ~ormula:
Rl- Nl - R3 (I) R4 X~
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of C12 - C24 O Z
// /
aliphatic groups, and Rs(C)m(-OCH-CH2)~- groups wherein m=0 or 1, n=1 to 6 and Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and C1 to C6 alkyl or alkylene group, and Rs is Cl~-C23 aliphatic;
R2 and R3 can be the same or different and are indlvidually selected from the group consisting of Rl, Cl-C6 aliphatic groups, and oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene groups of similar or dissimilar naturei R4 is a Cl-C4 alkyl; and X~ is any compatible anion, examples of which include, but are not limited to halogen, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, acetate, carbonate, nitrate, phosphate and methylcarbonate.
The softener compositions described herein are preferably applied to a substrate. In use, the impregnated and/or coated substrate is placed in the dryer with clothes or other textiles to be dried and softened. Due to the broad trough endotherm, a relatively uniform release of softener composition is achieved throughout the drying cycle. The compositions described herein provide excellent antistatic activity.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 graphically depicts static charge and weight loss both as a function of time for the dryer-activated softening product of E~ample 1.
Figure 2 is a DSC curve for the product of Example 1.
Figure 3 graphically depicts static charge and weight loss both as a function of time for the dryer-activated softening product of Example 2.
Figure 4 is a DSC curve for the product of Example 2.
Figure 5 graphically depicts static charge and weight loss both as a function of time fo~ the dryer-activated softening product of the Comparative Example.
Figure 6 is a DSC curve for the product of the Comparative Example.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBO~IMENTS
Fabric softening compositions and articles having improved delivery from a substrate and/or antistatic effects are described herein for use in an automatic clothes dryer.
The compositions comprise a blend of cationic and nonionic surfactants. The surfactant blend exhibits, as indicated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, a broad trough endotherm between about room temperature and about 60~C. The trough minimum preferably corresponds to a temperature in the range between about 45~C and about 55~C. Surfactant blends exhibiting such heat absorption characteristics achieve a relatively even release of the softening composition during a typical drying cycle, thereby providing desirable and improved softening and antistatic effects.
The surfactant blend contains at least one cationic surfactant. Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula:
R1- N+- R3 . (I) R4 X~
3s wherein Rl is selected from the group consisting of Cl2 - C24 - ~ CA 02232473 1998-03-17 O Z
// /
aliphatic groups, and Rs(C)m(-OC~-C~2)~- groups wherein m=0 or 1, n=1 to 6 and Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrosen, and Cl to C6 alkyl or alkylene group, and Rs is C11-C2 aliphatic;
R2 and R~ can be the same or different and are individually selected from the group consisting of R1, C1-C
aliphatic groups, and oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene groups of similar or dissimilar nature;
R4 is a Cl-C4 alkyl; and X~ is any compati~le anion, examples of which include, but are not limited to halogen, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, acetate, carbonate, nitrate, phosphate and methylcar~onate.
Suitable quaternary compounds include, but are not limited to dihydrogenated tallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, ditallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, dihydrogenated palm dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, dipalm dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate and mixtures thereof.
The cationic surfactants can be blended with nonionic surfactants to ~roduce surfactant blends. Any conventional nonionic surfactant can be blended with the above-described cationic surfactant, provided the blend exhibits a broad trough endotherm between about room temperature and about 60OC. In a preferred embodiment a blend of non-ionic surfactants is employed.
Suitable nonionic surfactants include the r@action products of alkylene oxide with hydrophobic groups. By way of example, ethylene oxide or propylene oxide can be reacted with fatty acids, fatty alcohols or alkylphenols. As other examples, fatty acid alkanolamides, glycerol esters (e.g., glycerol monostearate or fatty alcohols (e.g., stearyl alcohol)) can be used as the nonionic surfactant. Other specific examples of suitable nonionic surfactants include:
a. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chained aliphatic alcoh having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 1 to about 40 moles of alkylene oxide, preferably from about 3 to about 20 moles of alkylene oxide, and still more preferably from about 4 to about 10 moles of alkylene oxide;
b. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain aliphatic carboxylic acid having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 1 to about 50 moles of alkylene oxide, preferably from 3 to about 20 moles of alkylene oxide, and still more preferably from about 4 to about 10 moles of alkylene oxide;
c. aliphatic carboxylic acids containing from about 12 to about 30 carbon atomsi d. aliphatic alcohols having from about 16 to about 30 carbon atoms;
e. the condensation product of 1 mole of an alkyl phenol, wherein the alkyl chain has from about eight to about 18 carbon atoms, with from about 2 to about 50 moles of alkylene oxide, preferably from about 4 to about 35 moles of alkylene oxide, and still more preferably from about 6 to about 15 moles of alkylene oxide;
f. glycerides, selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides and mixtures thereof;
g. amides, selected from the group consisting of:
i. propyl amide, ii. N-methyl amides having an acyl chain length of from about 10 to about 15 carbon atoms, iii. oleamide, iv. amides of ricinoleic acid, v. N-isobutyl amides of pelargonic, capric, undecanoic, or lauric acids, vi. N-(2-hydroxylethyl) amides having a carbon chain length of from about six to about 10 carbon atoms, vii. pentylanilide, - vii. anilides having a carbon chain length of from about seven to about 12 carbon atoms, ix. N-cyclopentyllauramide ard N-cyclo-pentylstearamide, and x. glucose amides; and h. the condensation product of 1 mole of a primary or secondary amine containing at least 12 carbon atoms with from 1 to about 100 moles of alkylene oxide, preferably from about 3 to about 50 moles of alkylene oxide, and still more preferably from about 4 to about 25 moles of alkylene oxide.
Fatty acid ethoxylates and triglycerides are particularly useful nonionic surfactants. Most preferred are ~thofat~
18/14 (an Akzo Nobel ethoxylate) and Pristerene3 4911 (a fatty acid from Unichema).
While the cationic and nonionic surfactants can be blended in any proportion that provides the desired endotherm, particularly useful compositions contain at least about 40~ by weight of the cationic surfactant. In particularly useful embodiments, two or more nonionic surfactants are blended with the cationic surfactant in making the softening composition.
The manner of preparing the surfactant blend and applying the blend to a substrate is not critical. In a typical preparation, cationic surfactant is produced in a diluant or neat, such that the temperature is maintained preferably between 45~C and 150~C or at a temperature sufficient to maintain liquidity during quaternization. The concen~ration of quaternary at this point could range anywhere from 40~ to 100~ tby weight). After quaternization, the concentration of nonionic can be adjusted to the desired level by adding the liquified nonionic to the cationic or vice versa. When the quaternization is performed, a non-ionic surfactant or a blend of non-ionic surfactants can be utilized as a diluent to maintain liquidity of the reaction mixture. The benefit of such procedure is that the non-ionic surfactant or blend of non-ionic surfactants need not be removed from the final product, as it becomes an integral component thereof.
Alternatively, organic solvents can be used as diluents during the quaternization. However, it is desirable to remove such solvents to a level of below l~ and more preferably to a level of below 0.5~ prior to use as a tumble dryer sheet active because of flammability and possible health considerations.
Typically, short chain aliphatic alcohols (for example, C1 to C6 alcohols such as ethanol, propanol, isopropanol or butanol and the like) can be employed as the diluent.
Optional components which can be included in the softening compositions described herein include soil re~ease agents, perfume components (e.g. free perfume or cyclodextrin/perfume complexes), stabilizers (including antioxidants and reductive agents), colorants, preservatives, optical brighteners, opacifiers, anti-shrinkage agents, antiwrinkle agents, fabric crisping agents, spotting agents, germicides, fungicides, anti-corrosion agents, antifoam agents and the like.
In particularly useful embodiments, the softening compositions described herein are incorporated into articles of manufacture. Representative articles are those that are adapted to soften fabrics in an automatic laundry dryer, such 25as the types disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,989,631; 4,055,248;
4,073,996; 4,022,938i 4,764,289; 4,808,086; 4,103,047;
3,736,668; 3,701,202; 3,634,947; 3,633,538; 3,435,537 and 4,000,340, all of said patents being incorporated he-rein by reference.
30In a preferred substrate article embodimeht, the softening compositions described herein are provided as an article of manufacture in combination with a dispensing means such as a flexible substrate which e fec~ively releases the composition in an automatic laundry (clothes) dryer. Such dispensing means can be designed for single usage or for multiple uses. The dispensing means can also be a "carrier material" that releases the fabric softener composition and then is dispersed and/or exhausted from the dryer.
The dispensing means will normally carry an effective amount of fabric treatment composition. Such effectivè amount typically provides sufficient fabric softening/antistatic composition for at least one treatment of a minimum load in an automatic laundry dryer. Amounts of fabric softening composition for multiple uses, e.g., up to about 30, can be used. Typical amounts for a single article can vary from about 0.25 g to about 100 g, preferably from about 0.5 g to about 20 g, most preferably from about 1 g to about 10 g.
Highly preferred paper, woven or nonwoven "absorbent"
substrates useful herein are fully disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
153,686,025, incorporated herein by reference. It is known that most substances are able to absorb a liquid substance to some degree; however, the term "absorbent" as used herein, is intended to mean a substance with an absorbent capacity (i.e., a parameter representing a substrate's ability to take up and 20retain a liquid) from 4 to 12, preferably 5 to 7, times its weight of water.
Another article comprises a sponge material releasably enclosing enough fabric softening composition to effectively impart antistatic effect and/or softness benefits during several cycles of drying clothes. This multi-use article can be made by filling a hollow sponge with about 20 grams of the fabric softening composition described herein.
Once applied to the substrate, the fabric softening composition described herein can be applied to fabric to provide softening and/or antistatic effects to fabric in an automatic laundry dryer. Generally, the method of using the compositions described herein comprises: commingling pieces of damp fabric by tumbling said fabric under heat in an automatic clothes dryer with an effective amount of the fabric softening composition. The composition preferably has a melting point ~ CA 02232473 1998-03-17 greater than about room temperature (e.g., about 35~C) and the composition is flowable at dryer operating temperatures.
The following are nonlimiting examples of the instant articles, methods and compositions of the present invention.
Exam~le 1 In this example a composition comprising roughly 50~ cf dihydrogenated tallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate in combination with 25~ stearic acid and 25~ ethoxylated stearic acid (4 moles of ethylene oxide) is evenly distributed on a polyester nonwoven substrate for use in the tumble dryer. A
typical method for accomplishing this is to place the active onto a warm temperature-controlled surface and place the non-woven substrate sheet on top. The active is then spread using a rolling device and applying a fixed amount of downward force during the rolling.
The sheets loaded with approximately 1.5 grams of active were then evaluated using the standard protocol for evaluating tumble dryer sheet effectiveness in a tumble dryer.
A sheet was added with the wet fabric (roughly 7.0 lbs of mixed fabric/garments). The electric tumble dryer was set to "high~ and was allowed to tumble for up to 70 minutes without a cool-down cycle. Static charge measurements were made at 5 minute intervals on a pair of women~s, polyester fabric pants.
Measurements were made using a hand-held Simco~ static charge voltmeter. Additionally, measurements were made of the tumble dryer sheet to determine the release of active from the non-woven during the drying process. Graphs of static charge as a function of time and weight loss from the sheet as a function of time are shown in Figure 1. Also to get a better understanding of the amount of charge being accumulated in the tumble dryer as a function of time the point charge data was integrated to yield a value which could be described as the total ~Ipower~l developed during the drying process. This values give a relatively good value for making comparisons of effectiveness of different tumble dryer treatments. Since it ls desired that the addition of the tumble dryer sheet will result in decreased amounts of static charge development, the lower the value of the "power" the more effective the sheet/treatment. The amount of active available for release is approximately 1.5 grams. The effectiveness on reducing static charge and the total amount of material being released into the drying fabric is measured periodically. The amount of static charge values and the weight of product released into the tumbling fabric is shown graphically in ~igure l as a function of drying time. The DSC of the active of Example 1 is shown in Figure 2.
Example 2 A nonwoven substrate carrying 1.5 grams of a composition containing 40~ dihydrogenated tallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, 30~ stearic acid and 30~ ethoxylated stearic acid (4 moles of ethylene oxide) is prepared and tested as in the previous ~xample A plot of the static charge and release of actives into the fabric as a function of time is shown in Figure 3. Figure 4 shows a plot of the DSC for this material.
Com~arative ExamPle For comparison a typical commercial composition of dryer sheet active (Armosoft~ DA-3 a tradename of Akzo Nobel Chemicals Inc.) is distributed evenly on a polyester nonwoven substrate of dimension 9"xll". This sheet was loaded so that the amount of product available for transfer was 1.5 grams. Measurements of static charge and product transferred from the nonwoven are made for comparison with data from the previous examples. The data is graphically shown in Figure 5. The amount of static charge accumulated during the latter half of the drying cycle increases significantly. Also, there is a less even~ release of actives from the dryer sheet than in previous examples.
A DSC of the Armosoft DA-3 is shown in Figure 6. The DSC
curves of the materials in Examples 1-2, show a broad endotherm, or single minimum trough which had a minimum in the region of 50-60~C. In contrast, the DSC of Armosoft DA-3 of the Comparative Example, there are two distinct troughs and minima for the composition indicating that the material does not soften evenly over the course of the drying/heating. This also indicates a propensity for the material being released to have a different composition over the drying history.
The foIlowing Table I summarizes data from the foregoing Examples and compares the integrals of static charge as a function of time. The integrals of Examples 1-2 are all of significantly lower values for the materials herewith falling under the teachings of the present disclosure, as compared with that of a typical dryer sheet active as represented by the Comparative Example.
Table I
PRODUCT INTEGRAL OF AVG. STATIC AVG.~ WEIGHT
STATI~ CHARGE ~ 70 RELEASED FROM
MINS. (kV) SHEET @ 70 MINS
Comparative 720.75 0.955 81.67 Example Example 1 206.00 0.027 92.8 Example 2 293.50 0.313 87.87 As the foregoing examples show, the compositions described herein provide a more even application of softening and antistatic properties over the entire drying cycle. These results are most easily seen by comparing the two peak DSC
curves of conventional compositions which indicate uneven release of the composition, and the broad trough endotherm shown in a DSC curve of compositions in accordance wi-th this disclosure.
Modifications and variations of the compositions and processes described herein are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that changes may be made in particular embodiments described which are within the full intended scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
Claims (26)
1. A textile softening composition comprising a blend of surfactants exhibiting a broad trough endotherm between about room temperature and about 60°C, the blend including one or more nonionic surfactants and one or more cationic surfactants.
2. A composition as in claim 1 wherein the one or more cationic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula:
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of C12 - C24 aliphatic groups, and groups wherein m=0 or 1, n=1 to 6 and Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and C1 to C6 alkyl or alkylene group, and R5 is C11-C23 aliphatic;
R2 and R3 can be the same or different and are individually selected from the group consisting of R1, C1-C6 aliphatic groups, and oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene groups of similar or dissimilar. nature;
R4 is a C1-C4 alkyl; and X~ is any compatible anion.
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of C12 - C24 aliphatic groups, and groups wherein m=0 or 1, n=1 to 6 and Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and C1 to C6 alkyl or alkylene group, and R5 is C11-C23 aliphatic;
R2 and R3 can be the same or different and are individually selected from the group consisting of R1, C1-C6 aliphatic groups, and oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene groups of similar or dissimilar. nature;
R4 is a C1-C4 alkyl; and X~ is any compatible anion.
3. A composition as in claim 2 wherein X~ is selected from the group consisting of halogen, methylsulfate, ethylsufate, acetate, carbonate, nitrate, phosphate and methylcarbonate.
4. A composition as in claim 1 wherein the broad trough endotherm has a trough minimum between about 45°C and about 55°C.
5. A composition as in claim 1 wherein the blend contains at least about 40 percent by weight of the one or more cationic surfactants.
6. A composition as in claim 1 wherein the one or more nonionic surfactants is selected from the group consisting of a. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chained aliphatic alcohol having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 1 to about 40 moles of alkylene oxide;
b. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain aliphatic carboxylic acid having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 1 to about 50 moles of alkylene oxide;
c. aliphatic carboxylic acids containing from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms;
d. aliphatic alcohols having from about 16 to about 30 carbon atoms;
e. the condensation product of 1 mole of an alkyl phenol, wherein the alkyl chain has from about eight to about 18 carbon atoms, with from about 2 to about 50 moles of alkylene oxide;
f. glycerides, selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides and mixtures thereof;
g. amides, selected from the group consisting of:
i. propyl amide, ii. N-methyl amides having an acyl chain length of from about 10 to about 15 carbon atoms, iii. oleamide, iv. amides of ricinoleic acid, v. N-isobutyl amides of pelargonic, capric, undecanoic, or lauric acids, vi. N-(2-hydroxylethyl) amides having a carbon chain length of from about six to about 10 carbon atoms, vii. pentylanilide, vii. anilides having a carbon chain length of from about seven to about 12 carbon atoms, ix. N-cyclopentyllauramide and N-cyclo-pentylstearamide, and x. glucose amides; and h the condensation product of 1 mole of a primary or secondary amine containing at least 12 carbon atoms with from 1 to about 100 moles of alkylene oxide.
b. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain aliphatic carboxylic acid having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 1 to about 50 moles of alkylene oxide;
c. aliphatic carboxylic acids containing from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms;
d. aliphatic alcohols having from about 16 to about 30 carbon atoms;
e. the condensation product of 1 mole of an alkyl phenol, wherein the alkyl chain has from about eight to about 18 carbon atoms, with from about 2 to about 50 moles of alkylene oxide;
f. glycerides, selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides and mixtures thereof;
g. amides, selected from the group consisting of:
i. propyl amide, ii. N-methyl amides having an acyl chain length of from about 10 to about 15 carbon atoms, iii. oleamide, iv. amides of ricinoleic acid, v. N-isobutyl amides of pelargonic, capric, undecanoic, or lauric acids, vi. N-(2-hydroxylethyl) amides having a carbon chain length of from about six to about 10 carbon atoms, vii. pentylanilide, vii. anilides having a carbon chain length of from about seven to about 12 carbon atoms, ix. N-cyclopentyllauramide and N-cyclo-pentylstearamide, and x. glucose amides; and h the condensation product of 1 mole of a primary or secondary amine containing at least 12 carbon atoms with from 1 to about 100 moles of alkylene oxide.
7. A composition as in claim 1 wherein the one or more nonionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of: a. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chained aliphatic alcohol having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 3 to about 20 moles of alkylene oxide;
b. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain aliphatic carboxylic acid having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 3 to about 20 moles of alkylene oxide;
c. aliphatic carboxylic acids containing from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms;
d. aliphatic alcohols having from about 16 to about 30 carbon atoms;
e. the condensation product of 1 mole of an alkyl phenol, wherein the alkyl chain has from about eight to about 18 carbon atoms, with from about 2 to about 35 moles of alkylene oxide;
f. glycerides, selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides and mixtures thereof;
g. amides, selected from the group consisting of:
i. propyl amide, ii. N-methyl amides having an acyl chain length of from about 10 to about 15 carbon atoms, iii. oleamide, iv. amides of ricinoleic acid, v. N-isobutyl amides of pelargonic, capric, undecanoic, or lauric acids, vi. N-(2-hydroxylethyl) amides having a carbon chain length of from about six to about 10 carbon atoms, vii. pentylanilide, vii. anilides having a carbon chain length of from about seven to about 12 carbon atoms, ix. N-cyclopentyllauramide and N-cyclo- pentylstearamide, and x. glucose amides; and h. the condensation product of 1 mole of a primary or secondary amine containing at least 12 carbon atoms with from 3 to about 50 moles of alkylene oxide.
b. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain aliphatic carboxylic acid having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 3 to about 20 moles of alkylene oxide;
c. aliphatic carboxylic acids containing from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms;
d. aliphatic alcohols having from about 16 to about 30 carbon atoms;
e. the condensation product of 1 mole of an alkyl phenol, wherein the alkyl chain has from about eight to about 18 carbon atoms, with from about 2 to about 35 moles of alkylene oxide;
f. glycerides, selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides and mixtures thereof;
g. amides, selected from the group consisting of:
i. propyl amide, ii. N-methyl amides having an acyl chain length of from about 10 to about 15 carbon atoms, iii. oleamide, iv. amides of ricinoleic acid, v. N-isobutyl amides of pelargonic, capric, undecanoic, or lauric acids, vi. N-(2-hydroxylethyl) amides having a carbon chain length of from about six to about 10 carbon atoms, vii. pentylanilide, vii. anilides having a carbon chain length of from about seven to about 12 carbon atoms, ix. N-cyclopentyllauramide and N-cyclo- pentylstearamide, and x. glucose amides; and h. the condensation product of 1 mole of a primary or secondary amine containing at least 12 carbon atoms with from 3 to about 50 moles of alkylene oxide.
8. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the one or more nonionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of:
a. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chained aliphatic alcohol having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 4 to about 10 moles of alkylene oxide;
b. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain aliphatic carboxylic acid having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 4 to about 10 moles of alkylene oxide;
c. aliphatic carboxylic acids containing from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms;
d. aliphatic alcohols having from about 16 to about 30 carbon atoms;
e. the condensation product of 1 mole of an alkyl phenol, wherein the alkyl chain has from about eight to about 18 carbon atoms, with from about 6 to about 15 moles of alkylene oxide;
f. glycerides, selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides and mixtures thereof;
g. amides, selected from the group consisting of:
i. propyl amide, ii. N-methyl amides having an acyl chain length of from about 10 to about 15 carbon atoms, iii. oleamide, iv. amides of ricinoleic acid, v. N-isobutyl amides of pelargonic, capric, undecanoic, or lauric acids, vi. N-(2-hydroxylethyl) amides having a carbon chain length of from about six to about 10 carbon atoms, vii. pentylanilide, vii. anilides having a carbon chain length of from about seven to about 12 carbon atoms, ix. N-cyclopentyllauramide and N-cyclo-pentylstearamide, and x. glucose amides; and h. the condensation product of 1 mole of a primary or secondary amine containing at least 12 carbon atoms with from 4 to about 25 moles of alkylene oxide.
a. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chained aliphatic alcohol having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 4 to about 10 moles of alkylene oxide;
b. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain aliphatic carboxylic acid having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 4 to about 10 moles of alkylene oxide;
c. aliphatic carboxylic acids containing from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms;
d. aliphatic alcohols having from about 16 to about 30 carbon atoms;
e. the condensation product of 1 mole of an alkyl phenol, wherein the alkyl chain has from about eight to about 18 carbon atoms, with from about 6 to about 15 moles of alkylene oxide;
f. glycerides, selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides and mixtures thereof;
g. amides, selected from the group consisting of:
i. propyl amide, ii. N-methyl amides having an acyl chain length of from about 10 to about 15 carbon atoms, iii. oleamide, iv. amides of ricinoleic acid, v. N-isobutyl amides of pelargonic, capric, undecanoic, or lauric acids, vi. N-(2-hydroxylethyl) amides having a carbon chain length of from about six to about 10 carbon atoms, vii. pentylanilide, vii. anilides having a carbon chain length of from about seven to about 12 carbon atoms, ix. N-cyclopentyllauramide and N-cyclo-pentylstearamide, and x. glucose amides; and h. the condensation product of 1 mole of a primary or secondary amine containing at least 12 carbon atoms with from 4 to about 25 moles of alkylene oxide.
9. A composition as in claim 1 wherein the one or more nonionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of fatty acid ethoxylates and triglycerides.
10. An article of manufacture comprising a substrate;
a blend of surfactants applied to the substrate, the blend of surfactants exhibiting a broad trough endotherm between about room temperature and about 60°C, the blend including one or more nonionic surfactants and one or more cationic surfactants.
a blend of surfactants applied to the substrate, the blend of surfactants exhibiting a broad trough endotherm between about room temperature and about 60°C, the blend including one or more nonionic surfactants and one or more cationic surfactants.
11. An article as in claim 10 wherein the one or more cationic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula:
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of C12 - C24 aliphatic groups, and groups wherein m=0 or 1, n=1 to 6 and Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and C1 to C6 alkyl or alkylene group, and R5 is C11-C23 aliphatic;
R2 and R3 can be the same or different and are individually selected from the group consisting of R1, C1-C6 aliphatic groups, and oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene groups of similar or dissimilar nature;
R4 is a C1-C4 alkyl; and X~ is any compatible anion.
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of C12 - C24 aliphatic groups, and groups wherein m=0 or 1, n=1 to 6 and Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and C1 to C6 alkyl or alkylene group, and R5 is C11-C23 aliphatic;
R2 and R3 can be the same or different and are individually selected from the group consisting of R1, C1-C6 aliphatic groups, and oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene groups of similar or dissimilar nature;
R4 is a C1-C4 alkyl; and X~ is any compatible anion.
12. An article as in claim 10 wherein X~ is selected from the group consisting of halogen, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, acetate, carbonate, nitrate, phosphate and methylcarbonate.
13. An article as in claim 10 wherein the one or more nonionic surfactants is selected from the group consisting of a. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chained aliphatic alcohol having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 10 to about 40 moles of alkylene oxide;
b. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain aliphatic carboxylic acid having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 1 to about 50 moles of alkylene oxide;
c. aliphatic carboxylic acids containing from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms;
d. aliphatic alcohols having from about 16 to about 30 carbon atoms;
e. the condensation product of 1 mole of an alkyl phenol, wherein the alkyl chain has from about eight to about 18 carbon atoms, with from about 25 to about 50 moles of alkylene oxide;
f. glycerides, selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides and mixtures thereof;
g. amides, selected from the group consisting of:
i. propyl amide, ii. N-methyl amides having an acyl chain length of from about 10 to about 15 carbon atoms, iii. oleamide, iv. amides of ricinoleic acid, v. N-isobutyl amides of pelargonic, capric, undecanoic, or lauric acids, vi. N-(2-hydroxylethyl) amides having a carbon chain length of from about six to about 10 carbon atoms, vii. pentylanilide, vii. anilides having a carbon chain length of from about seven to about 12 carbon atoms, ix. N-cyclopentyllauramide and N-cyclo-pentylstearamide, and x. glucose amides; and h. the condensation product of 1 mole of a primary or secondary amine containing at least 12 carbon atoms with from 1 to about 100 moles of alkylene oxide.
b. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain aliphatic carboxylic acid having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 1 to about 50 moles of alkylene oxide;
c. aliphatic carboxylic acids containing from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms;
d. aliphatic alcohols having from about 16 to about 30 carbon atoms;
e. the condensation product of 1 mole of an alkyl phenol, wherein the alkyl chain has from about eight to about 18 carbon atoms, with from about 25 to about 50 moles of alkylene oxide;
f. glycerides, selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides and mixtures thereof;
g. amides, selected from the group consisting of:
i. propyl amide, ii. N-methyl amides having an acyl chain length of from about 10 to about 15 carbon atoms, iii. oleamide, iv. amides of ricinoleic acid, v. N-isobutyl amides of pelargonic, capric, undecanoic, or lauric acids, vi. N-(2-hydroxylethyl) amides having a carbon chain length of from about six to about 10 carbon atoms, vii. pentylanilide, vii. anilides having a carbon chain length of from about seven to about 12 carbon atoms, ix. N-cyclopentyllauramide and N-cyclo-pentylstearamide, and x. glucose amides; and h. the condensation product of 1 mole of a primary or secondary amine containing at least 12 carbon atoms with from 1 to about 100 moles of alkylene oxide.
14. An article as in claim 10 wherein the one or more non-ionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of:
a. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chained aliphatic alcohol having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 3 to about 20 moles of alkylene oxide;
b. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain aliphatic carboxylic acid having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 3 to about 20 moles of alkylene oxide;
c. aliphatic carboxylic acids containing from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms;
d. aliphatic alcohols having from about 16 to about 30 carbon atoms;
e. the condensation product of 1 mole of an alkyl phenol, wherein the alkyl chain has from about eight to about 18 carbon atoms, with from about 4 to about 35 moles of alkylene oxide;
f. glycerides, selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides and mixtures thereof;
g. amides, selected from the group consisting of:
i. propyl amide, ii. N-methyl amides having an acyl chain length of from about 10 to about 15 carbon atoms, iii. oleamide, iv. amides of ricinoleic acid, v. N-isobutyl amides of pelargonic, capric, undecanoic, or lauric acids, vi. N-(2-hydroxylethyl) amides having a carbon chain length of from about six to about 10 carbon atoms, vii. pentylanilide, vii. anilides having a carbon chain length of from about seven to about 12 carbon atoms, ix. N-cyclopentyllauramide and N-cyclo-pentylstearamide, and x. glucose amides; and h. the condensation product of 1 mole of a primary or secondary amine containing at least 12 carbon atoms with from 3 to about 50 moles of alkylene oxide.
a. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chained aliphatic alcohol having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 3 to about 20 moles of alkylene oxide;
b. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain aliphatic carboxylic acid having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 3 to about 20 moles of alkylene oxide;
c. aliphatic carboxylic acids containing from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms;
d. aliphatic alcohols having from about 16 to about 30 carbon atoms;
e. the condensation product of 1 mole of an alkyl phenol, wherein the alkyl chain has from about eight to about 18 carbon atoms, with from about 4 to about 35 moles of alkylene oxide;
f. glycerides, selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides and mixtures thereof;
g. amides, selected from the group consisting of:
i. propyl amide, ii. N-methyl amides having an acyl chain length of from about 10 to about 15 carbon atoms, iii. oleamide, iv. amides of ricinoleic acid, v. N-isobutyl amides of pelargonic, capric, undecanoic, or lauric acids, vi. N-(2-hydroxylethyl) amides having a carbon chain length of from about six to about 10 carbon atoms, vii. pentylanilide, vii. anilides having a carbon chain length of from about seven to about 12 carbon atoms, ix. N-cyclopentyllauramide and N-cyclo-pentylstearamide, and x. glucose amides; and h. the condensation product of 1 mole of a primary or secondary amine containing at least 12 carbon atoms with from 3 to about 50 moles of alkylene oxide.
15. An article as in claim 10 wherein the one or more non-ionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of:
a. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chained aliphatic alcohol having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 4 to about 10 moles of alkylene oxide;
b. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain aliphatic carboxylic acid having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 4 to about 10 moles of alkylene oxide;
c. aliphatic carboxylic acids containing from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms;
d. aliphatic alcohols having from about 16 to about 30 carbon atoms;
e. the condensation product of 1 mole of an alkyl phenol, wherein the alkyl chain has from about eight to about 18 carbon atoms, with from about 6 to about 15 moles of alkylene oxide;
f. glycerides, selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides and mixtures thereof;
g. amides, selected from the group consisting of:
i. propyl amide, ii. N-methyl amides having an acyl chain length of from about 10 to about 15 carbon atoms, iii. oleamide, iv. amides of ricinoleic acid, v. N-isobutyl amides of pelargonic, capric, undecanoic, or lauric acids, vi. N-(2-hydroxylethyl) amides having a carbon chain length of from about six to about 10 carbon atoms, vii. pentylanilide, vii. anilides having a carbon chain length of from about seven to about 12 carbon atoms, ix. N-cyclopentyllauramide and N-cyclo-pentylstearamide, and x. glucose amides; and h. the condensation product of 1 mole of a primary or secondary amine containing at least 12 carbon atoms with from 4 to about 25 moles of alkylene oxide.
a. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chained aliphatic alcohol having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 4 to about 10 moles of alkylene oxide;
b. the condensation product of 1 mole of a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain aliphatic carboxylic acid having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with from about 4 to about 10 moles of alkylene oxide;
c. aliphatic carboxylic acids containing from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms;
d. aliphatic alcohols having from about 16 to about 30 carbon atoms;
e. the condensation product of 1 mole of an alkyl phenol, wherein the alkyl chain has from about eight to about 18 carbon atoms, with from about 6 to about 15 moles of alkylene oxide;
f. glycerides, selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides and mixtures thereof;
g. amides, selected from the group consisting of:
i. propyl amide, ii. N-methyl amides having an acyl chain length of from about 10 to about 15 carbon atoms, iii. oleamide, iv. amides of ricinoleic acid, v. N-isobutyl amides of pelargonic, capric, undecanoic, or lauric acids, vi. N-(2-hydroxylethyl) amides having a carbon chain length of from about six to about 10 carbon atoms, vii. pentylanilide, vii. anilides having a carbon chain length of from about seven to about 12 carbon atoms, ix. N-cyclopentyllauramide and N-cyclo-pentylstearamide, and x. glucose amides; and h. the condensation product of 1 mole of a primary or secondary amine containing at least 12 carbon atoms with from 4 to about 25 moles of alkylene oxide.
16. An article as in claim 10 wherein the one or more non-ionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of fatty acid ethyoxylates and triglycerides.
17. An article as in claim 10 wherein the substrate is a non-woven sheet.
18. An article as in claim 10 wherein the blend of surfactants is applied to the substrate in an amount from about .25 grams to about 100 grams.
19. A method of making a textile softening product, the method comprising providing one or more nonionic surfactants, blending one or more cationic surfactants with the one or more nonionic surfactants to form a blend exhibiting a broad trough endotherm between about 20°C and about 60°C.
20. A method as in claim 19 further comprising the step of applying the blend to a substrate.
21. A method as in claim 19 wherein the step of blending comprises adding to the one or more nonionic surfactants a cationic surfactant of the formula:
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of C12 - C24 aliphatic groups, and groups wherein m=0 or 1, n=1 to 6 and Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and C1 to C6 alkyl or alkylene group, and R5 is C11-C23 aliphatic;
R2 and R3 can be the same or different and are individually selected from the group consisting of R1, C1-C6 aliphatic groups, and oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene groups of similar or dissimilar nature;
R4 is a C1-C4 alkyl; and X is any compatible anion.
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of C12 - C24 aliphatic groups, and groups wherein m=0 or 1, n=1 to 6 and Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and C1 to C6 alkyl or alkylene group, and R5 is C11-C23 aliphatic;
R2 and R3 can be the same or different and are individually selected from the group consisting of R1, C1-C6 aliphatic groups, and oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene groups of similar or dissimilar nature;
R4 is a C1-C4 alkyl; and X is any compatible anion.
22. The composition of claim 1 wherein the minimum point of endotherm occurs at a temperature of between about 45° and 60°C.
23. The composition of claim 1 wherein the minimum point of endotherm occurs at a temperature of between 50° and 60°C.
24. The composition of claim 2 wherein the carbon chain length of R1 is from 14 to 18 carbon atoms and the carbon chain length of R5 is from 13 to 17 carbon atoms.
25. The composition of claim 2 wherein there are at least two long chain fatty alkyl groups per cationic nitrogen in the quaternary ammonium compound.
26. The composition of claim 2 wherein the quaternary ammonium compound is selected from the group consisting of dihydrogenated tallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, ditallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, dihydrogenated palm dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, dipalm dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate and mixtures thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US82219097A | 1997-03-20 | 1997-03-20 | |
| US08/822,091 | 1997-03-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2232473A1 true CA2232473A1 (en) | 1998-09-20 |
Family
ID=25235406
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2232473 Abandoned CA2232473A1 (en) | 1997-03-20 | 1998-03-17 | Dryer activated fabric conditioning and antistatic compositions |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2232473A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2323391A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0425181D0 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2004-12-15 | Unilever Plc | Fabric treatment composition |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3064762D1 (en) * | 1979-09-21 | 1983-10-13 | Procter & Gamble | Washing and softening compositions and methods for their manufacture |
| EP0094118B2 (en) * | 1982-05-10 | 1993-04-21 | THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY | Low phosphate laundry detergent compositions |
| JPS598795A (en) * | 1982-07-05 | 1984-01-18 | ライオン株式会社 | Additive for granular detergent |
| GB2163771B (en) * | 1984-08-31 | 1989-01-18 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Wash cycle detergent-softener compositions |
| JPH01250473A (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1989-10-05 | Lion Corp | Liquid softening agent composition |
-
1998
- 1998-03-17 CA CA 2232473 patent/CA2232473A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-03-20 GB GB9806099A patent/GB2323391A/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9806099D0 (en) | 1998-05-20 |
| GB2323391A (en) | 1998-09-23 |
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