CA2226107A1 - Shunt assembly for current measurement - Google Patents
Shunt assembly for current measurement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2226107A1 CA2226107A1 CA002226107A CA2226107A CA2226107A1 CA 2226107 A1 CA2226107 A1 CA 2226107A1 CA 002226107 A CA002226107 A CA 002226107A CA 2226107 A CA2226107 A CA 2226107A CA 2226107 A1 CA2226107 A1 CA 2226107A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- shunt
- current
- shunt element
- connectors
- sensing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000896 Manganin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005676 thermoelectric effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101100288494 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (strain ATCC BAA-793 / NCIMB 8826 / WCFS1) larE gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/20—Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
- G01R1/203—Resistors used for electric measuring, e.g. decade resistors standards, resistors for comparators, series resistors, shunts
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/20—Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/44—Modifications of instruments for temperature compensation
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)
Abstract
A shunt assembly for current measurement is formed of a shunt element (12) of substantially cylindrical form and of ZTC material having a pair of current connectors in the form of flat strips (10, 11) attached to its ends. Preferably sensing connectors (13, 14) of the same ZTC material are connected to the ends of the shunt element through holes in the connectors. The sensing connectors may form part of a continuous wire passing through an axial hole through the shunt element. Alternatively, they may be formed as integral extensions of the shunt element.
Description
W O 97/02494 PCT/~_5/~1587 S }~r~t A g ~ e nn~l y f o r-- C ~1r-r- e r~t ~ e a -3~1r-- e nn e r~t ~, The present invention relates to current measurement, and more specifically to current shunts.
The standard technique for measuring an electric current is to pass the current through a resistor of small known resistance and measure the voltaE~e drop across the resistor. Thus the current is in effect measured by a voltage measuring device or ci rcuit which is shunted by the resistor, which is therefore termed a shunt. The shunt has 4 terminals or connections; 2 end connections through which the current to be measured flows, and 2 further connections ~nor-mally located close to the current connections~ for picking off the voltage resul-ting from the current flow. The latter 2 terminals are termed sensing or Kelvin terminals.
The connection to a sensing terminal to the shunt will involve a thermo-electric effect (assuming the connector is of a different material to the shunt).
The temperature of the shunt will be liable to vary, because of both ambient temperature variations and the heating effect of the current being measured (assuming that that current may be substantial); the current heating will of course be subject to a lag due to the thermal capacitance of the shunt. To avoid temperature sensitivity, the two connectors are therefore normally of the same material.
For accurate current measurement, the shunt must be of known value. For some purposes, the value of the shunt must be accurately controlled. ~ften, however, it is sufficient for the value of the shunt to be measured accurately, with the voltage measurement being converted to the current value by suitable calculation.
The shunt must also be stable. To achieve suitable low resistance, shunts are normally made of metal alloys having a resistance higher than that of good conductors but nevertheless fairly low. The main cause of instability in such shunts is temperature variation. To overcome this, ZTC (zero temperature coef-ficient) alloys have been developed which have a substantially zero temperature coefficient of resistance.
CA 02226l07 l997-l2-3l The resisti- ity of a material plotted against temperature can be expre~sed as a polynomial function of temperature. The linear term is normally predomi-nant, its coefficient being the temperature coefficient of resistance of the material, with higher terms having progressively smaller coefficients ~so that they are only significant if the temperature range is large). However, materials havebeen developed in which the coefficient of the linear term is substantially zero.
The best-known of such alloys is termed manganin, which consists of 83-85% Cu, 10-135~ Mn, and 4~ Ni, for which the leading term in its resistivity function isquadratic, giving a substantial temperature range over which the resistivity ictsubstantially constant. Other materials such as zeranin are also available, giving even larger temperature ranges over which the resistivity is substantially constant; for zeranin, the linear and quadratic terms of its resistivity function are both substantially zero, so the leadin~s term in its resistivity function iscubic.
A further requirement for accuracy is that the shunt should have a linear characteristic of voltage against current. It turns out that Ohm's law is only approximate for typical shunts, as the current distribution through the body of the shunt tends to vary slightly with the size of the current. This phenomenon is termed ~-current crowding". Known techniques for overcoming this effect include making the shunt element of sinuous or zi~s-zag shape, and making a number of sensing contacts to it to average out the voltage variations due to current crowding.
The physical size of the shunt may also impose certain requirements. For sensing large currents, the current connections to the shunt will be large, withcross-sections of the order of several mm2, and it is desirable for the shunt tohave a cross-section of roughly comparable size. It is also desirable for the shunt to have a length of some mm; a shorter length is difficult to control accurately and to form Kelvin connections to, while a longer length may result in an inconveniently larE~e shunt.
The general object of the invention is to provide an improved shunt.
According to the invention there is provided a shunt assembly for current measurement characterized in that it comprises a shunt element of substantially cylindrical form and of ZTC material having a pair of current connectors in the form of flat strips attached to its ends. Preferably sensing connectors of the same ZTC material are connected to the ends of the shunt element through holes in the connectors.
A particular application of current shunts is in electricity distribution boxes, where a number of output cables are fed from a number of input cables.
The box typically contains a number of connectors or busbars in the form of flatstrips, normally of copper, which connect the input terminals to the output ter-minals, often along routes which have angles or zig-zags in them. The inclu~ion of a current shunt in a busbar allows the current through it to be monitored.
A conventional shunt element normally has the same section as the copper strips, and the strips are normally in the same plane. It is important to have good (ie stable) connections between a shunt element and the copper strips to which it is connected, and it is usual to make such connection~ by electron beamwelding. This places a practical lower limit (in the region of 2 mm) on the length of the shunt element. This in turn places a practical lower ~imit on the resistance of the shunt. For some applications, a very low shunt resistance ~eg in the region of 70 ,~LQ) is desirable, but cannot be achieved with this technique.
Further, if the copper strips are at right angles to each other, it may be desirable to locate the shunt element at their junction (in the form of an exten-sion on the end of one of the strips, connected to the side edge of the other strip at its end). However, the current distribution through the ~hunt element is skewed, with a greater current density at the inner part of the ~hunt elementthan the outer. This conventional arrangement therefore suffers from current crowding effects and changes of re~istance with current.
In the present invention, the strips forming the busbars are of course in planes which are offset by the length of the shunt element. This may require a crank in one of the strips if it is essential that the two strips should return to a common plane. However, there are many situations where it is desirable for the two strips to be in different planes. The present invention automatically introduces a change of plane between the two strips, and is therefore particu-lurly suitable for such situations. The distance between the planes can be adjusted, within broad limits, by a suitable choice of the rlirn~ncions of the shunt element. Further, the attachments of the two strip~ to the ends of the shunt element are independent, so the two strips can therefore be set at any desired angle to each other, eg in-line or at right angles.
W O 97/02494 P~~ 1587 The shunt of the present invention is easy to manufacture and of low cost, and has high accuracy.
Further features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a shunt assembly embodying the invention, given by way of example and with reference to the drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a perspective sketch of a shunt assembly;
Fig. 2 is a section through the shunt assembly of Fig. l; and Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a modified shunt element.
Referring to Fig. 1, the shunt assembly compriseq a pair of strips 10 and 11 with a ZT~ shunt element 1 2 connected between them. As shown, the strips 10 and 11 are in different but parallel planes, with the axis of the shunt element 12 perpendicular to their planes. The angle between the two strips is shown as 90-, but the angle between them can clearly have any value (including 0-, in-line).
For a given desired shunt resistance, the distance between the two planes can beadjusted within reasonable limits by choosing the diameter of the shunt element appropriately. ~To hold the resistance constant, the diameter of the shunt element should be increased as the square root of its length.) The voltage across the shunt element is sensed by two senqing connections 12 and 13. These two connections need to make contact with the ends of the shunt element. It is possible to form these contacts by using discs (with projec-ting tabs) which are held between the ends of the shunt element 12 and the strips 10 and 11. However, it is preferred to form these contacts by connections to the centres of the ends of the shunt element. The sensing connections are therefore connected to the ends of the shunt element 12 through holes 15 and 16 (Fig. 2) through the strips 10 and 1 1.
The sensing connections could be of any suitable material, and could be attached to the ends of the shunt element However, it is preferred to in~ert them into holes formed in the ends of the shunt element. It is also preferred to form them of manganin (ie the same material as the shunt element), and to form them from a single length of manganin wire which passes through an axial hole through the entire length of the shunt element, as shown in Fig. 2. The por-tion of the wire inside the shunt element in effect becomes a part of the shunt element. The use of the same material for the sensing connections as the shunt element also minimizes thermo-electric effects.
Fig. 3 shows an alternative form of shunt element, which i~ formed as a cylinder 12' with integral connectors 13' and 14' pro jecting from its ends.
The various components of the shunt assembly can be soldered together by suing a simple solder and heat, eg by spreading a solder paste over the appro-priate areas and heating the assembly. We have found that this results in an assembly with highly stable electrical characteristics. The surfaces which require soldering together are the ends of the shunt element and the facing areas of the strips forming the busar, and the hole through the shunt element and that part of the connector wire within the hole We have also found that it does not matter whether the holes 15 and 16 in the strips are filled with solderor not, and that the arrangement is very tolerant to production quality problems, such as poor soldering.
We have found that such shunt assemblies have highly stable electrical characteristics, over current ranges of typically 200 mA to 100 A. The diameter of the manganin rod will normally be chosen to match the current range to be measured. Very low currents can be measured if the diameter is small; in the limit, the same manganin rod or wire can be used for both the shunt resistor andthe sensing connections. For very large currents, multiple rods could be used in parallel; either one can be provided with sensing connections, or they can all be provided with sensing connections which are connected together Cor which have their outputs averaged).
The current distribution through the central (equatorial) parts of the shnt element is likely to be fairly uniform, but the distribution through the ends ofthe shunt element and the adjacent portions of the busbar will presumably have afairly complicated pattern. However, either there is no significant current crowding or the effects of what current crowding there is are closely balanced.
A" noted above, the objective is to achieve a stable characteristic rather than one which is accurately determined. By cutting the shunt element to the appropriate length from a stock rod of manganin, an accuracy of 1--5~ can be achieved. Clt is desirable to measure the diameter of the manganin rod rather than use the nominal value for good accuracy, as manganin rods are normally W O 97/02494 PCT/~_5/~1587 made by extrusion and the diameter of the rod tends to increa~e as the extrusiondie wears). A much greater accuracy can however be ob~S-ined if the diameter of the manganin rod i5 accurately controlled; the diameter can be controlled to a tolerance of 10 ~Lm, giving a resistance accuracy of around O.lX. ~ariations in the soldering, etc may have a slight effect on the accuracy.
If desired, the shunt element can be turned or ground down gently after manufacture to trim its value. Normally, however, the value will be measured accurately and used to obtain accurate current values from the voltages measuredacross the shunt
The standard technique for measuring an electric current is to pass the current through a resistor of small known resistance and measure the voltaE~e drop across the resistor. Thus the current is in effect measured by a voltage measuring device or ci rcuit which is shunted by the resistor, which is therefore termed a shunt. The shunt has 4 terminals or connections; 2 end connections through which the current to be measured flows, and 2 further connections ~nor-mally located close to the current connections~ for picking off the voltage resul-ting from the current flow. The latter 2 terminals are termed sensing or Kelvin terminals.
The connection to a sensing terminal to the shunt will involve a thermo-electric effect (assuming the connector is of a different material to the shunt).
The temperature of the shunt will be liable to vary, because of both ambient temperature variations and the heating effect of the current being measured (assuming that that current may be substantial); the current heating will of course be subject to a lag due to the thermal capacitance of the shunt. To avoid temperature sensitivity, the two connectors are therefore normally of the same material.
For accurate current measurement, the shunt must be of known value. For some purposes, the value of the shunt must be accurately controlled. ~ften, however, it is sufficient for the value of the shunt to be measured accurately, with the voltage measurement being converted to the current value by suitable calculation.
The shunt must also be stable. To achieve suitable low resistance, shunts are normally made of metal alloys having a resistance higher than that of good conductors but nevertheless fairly low. The main cause of instability in such shunts is temperature variation. To overcome this, ZTC (zero temperature coef-ficient) alloys have been developed which have a substantially zero temperature coefficient of resistance.
CA 02226l07 l997-l2-3l The resisti- ity of a material plotted against temperature can be expre~sed as a polynomial function of temperature. The linear term is normally predomi-nant, its coefficient being the temperature coefficient of resistance of the material, with higher terms having progressively smaller coefficients ~so that they are only significant if the temperature range is large). However, materials havebeen developed in which the coefficient of the linear term is substantially zero.
The best-known of such alloys is termed manganin, which consists of 83-85% Cu, 10-135~ Mn, and 4~ Ni, for which the leading term in its resistivity function isquadratic, giving a substantial temperature range over which the resistivity ictsubstantially constant. Other materials such as zeranin are also available, giving even larger temperature ranges over which the resistivity is substantially constant; for zeranin, the linear and quadratic terms of its resistivity function are both substantially zero, so the leadin~s term in its resistivity function iscubic.
A further requirement for accuracy is that the shunt should have a linear characteristic of voltage against current. It turns out that Ohm's law is only approximate for typical shunts, as the current distribution through the body of the shunt tends to vary slightly with the size of the current. This phenomenon is termed ~-current crowding". Known techniques for overcoming this effect include making the shunt element of sinuous or zi~s-zag shape, and making a number of sensing contacts to it to average out the voltage variations due to current crowding.
The physical size of the shunt may also impose certain requirements. For sensing large currents, the current connections to the shunt will be large, withcross-sections of the order of several mm2, and it is desirable for the shunt tohave a cross-section of roughly comparable size. It is also desirable for the shunt to have a length of some mm; a shorter length is difficult to control accurately and to form Kelvin connections to, while a longer length may result in an inconveniently larE~e shunt.
The general object of the invention is to provide an improved shunt.
According to the invention there is provided a shunt assembly for current measurement characterized in that it comprises a shunt element of substantially cylindrical form and of ZTC material having a pair of current connectors in the form of flat strips attached to its ends. Preferably sensing connectors of the same ZTC material are connected to the ends of the shunt element through holes in the connectors.
A particular application of current shunts is in electricity distribution boxes, where a number of output cables are fed from a number of input cables.
The box typically contains a number of connectors or busbars in the form of flatstrips, normally of copper, which connect the input terminals to the output ter-minals, often along routes which have angles or zig-zags in them. The inclu~ion of a current shunt in a busbar allows the current through it to be monitored.
A conventional shunt element normally has the same section as the copper strips, and the strips are normally in the same plane. It is important to have good (ie stable) connections between a shunt element and the copper strips to which it is connected, and it is usual to make such connection~ by electron beamwelding. This places a practical lower limit (in the region of 2 mm) on the length of the shunt element. This in turn places a practical lower ~imit on the resistance of the shunt. For some applications, a very low shunt resistance ~eg in the region of 70 ,~LQ) is desirable, but cannot be achieved with this technique.
Further, if the copper strips are at right angles to each other, it may be desirable to locate the shunt element at their junction (in the form of an exten-sion on the end of one of the strips, connected to the side edge of the other strip at its end). However, the current distribution through the ~hunt element is skewed, with a greater current density at the inner part of the ~hunt elementthan the outer. This conventional arrangement therefore suffers from current crowding effects and changes of re~istance with current.
In the present invention, the strips forming the busbars are of course in planes which are offset by the length of the shunt element. This may require a crank in one of the strips if it is essential that the two strips should return to a common plane. However, there are many situations where it is desirable for the two strips to be in different planes. The present invention automatically introduces a change of plane between the two strips, and is therefore particu-lurly suitable for such situations. The distance between the planes can be adjusted, within broad limits, by a suitable choice of the rlirn~ncions of the shunt element. Further, the attachments of the two strip~ to the ends of the shunt element are independent, so the two strips can therefore be set at any desired angle to each other, eg in-line or at right angles.
W O 97/02494 P~~ 1587 The shunt of the present invention is easy to manufacture and of low cost, and has high accuracy.
Further features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a shunt assembly embodying the invention, given by way of example and with reference to the drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a perspective sketch of a shunt assembly;
Fig. 2 is a section through the shunt assembly of Fig. l; and Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a modified shunt element.
Referring to Fig. 1, the shunt assembly compriseq a pair of strips 10 and 11 with a ZT~ shunt element 1 2 connected between them. As shown, the strips 10 and 11 are in different but parallel planes, with the axis of the shunt element 12 perpendicular to their planes. The angle between the two strips is shown as 90-, but the angle between them can clearly have any value (including 0-, in-line).
For a given desired shunt resistance, the distance between the two planes can beadjusted within reasonable limits by choosing the diameter of the shunt element appropriately. ~To hold the resistance constant, the diameter of the shunt element should be increased as the square root of its length.) The voltage across the shunt element is sensed by two senqing connections 12 and 13. These two connections need to make contact with the ends of the shunt element. It is possible to form these contacts by using discs (with projec-ting tabs) which are held between the ends of the shunt element 12 and the strips 10 and 11. However, it is preferred to form these contacts by connections to the centres of the ends of the shunt element. The sensing connections are therefore connected to the ends of the shunt element 12 through holes 15 and 16 (Fig. 2) through the strips 10 and 1 1.
The sensing connections could be of any suitable material, and could be attached to the ends of the shunt element However, it is preferred to in~ert them into holes formed in the ends of the shunt element. It is also preferred to form them of manganin (ie the same material as the shunt element), and to form them from a single length of manganin wire which passes through an axial hole through the entire length of the shunt element, as shown in Fig. 2. The por-tion of the wire inside the shunt element in effect becomes a part of the shunt element. The use of the same material for the sensing connections as the shunt element also minimizes thermo-electric effects.
Fig. 3 shows an alternative form of shunt element, which i~ formed as a cylinder 12' with integral connectors 13' and 14' pro jecting from its ends.
The various components of the shunt assembly can be soldered together by suing a simple solder and heat, eg by spreading a solder paste over the appro-priate areas and heating the assembly. We have found that this results in an assembly with highly stable electrical characteristics. The surfaces which require soldering together are the ends of the shunt element and the facing areas of the strips forming the busar, and the hole through the shunt element and that part of the connector wire within the hole We have also found that it does not matter whether the holes 15 and 16 in the strips are filled with solderor not, and that the arrangement is very tolerant to production quality problems, such as poor soldering.
We have found that such shunt assemblies have highly stable electrical characteristics, over current ranges of typically 200 mA to 100 A. The diameter of the manganin rod will normally be chosen to match the current range to be measured. Very low currents can be measured if the diameter is small; in the limit, the same manganin rod or wire can be used for both the shunt resistor andthe sensing connections. For very large currents, multiple rods could be used in parallel; either one can be provided with sensing connections, or they can all be provided with sensing connections which are connected together Cor which have their outputs averaged).
The current distribution through the central (equatorial) parts of the shnt element is likely to be fairly uniform, but the distribution through the ends ofthe shunt element and the adjacent portions of the busbar will presumably have afairly complicated pattern. However, either there is no significant current crowding or the effects of what current crowding there is are closely balanced.
A" noted above, the objective is to achieve a stable characteristic rather than one which is accurately determined. By cutting the shunt element to the appropriate length from a stock rod of manganin, an accuracy of 1--5~ can be achieved. Clt is desirable to measure the diameter of the manganin rod rather than use the nominal value for good accuracy, as manganin rods are normally W O 97/02494 PCT/~_5/~1587 made by extrusion and the diameter of the rod tends to increa~e as the extrusiondie wears). A much greater accuracy can however be ob~S-ined if the diameter of the manganin rod i5 accurately controlled; the diameter can be controlled to a tolerance of 10 ~Lm, giving a resistance accuracy of around O.lX. ~ariations in the soldering, etc may have a slight effect on the accuracy.
If desired, the shunt element can be turned or ground down gently after manufacture to trim its value. Normally, however, the value will be measured accurately and used to obtain accurate current values from the voltages measuredacross the shunt
Claims (4)
1 A shunt assembly for current measurement characterized in that it comprises a shunt element (12) of substantially cylindrical form and of ZTC material having a pair of current connectors in the form of flat strips (10, 11) attached to itsends.
2 A shunt assembly according to claim 12 characterized by sensing connectors (13, 14) of the same ZTC material connected to the ends of the shunt element through holes In the current connectors (10, 11).
3 A shunt assembly according to claim 2 characterized in that the sensing connectors (14, 15) form part of a continuous wire passing through an axial hole(17, Fig. 2) through the shunt element (12).
4 A shunt assembly according to claim 2 characterized in that the sensing connectors (14, 15) are formed as integral extensions of the shunt element (Fig.3).
Any novel and inventive feature or combination of features specifically disclosed herein within the meaning of Article 4H of the International Convention (Paris Convention).
Any novel and inventive feature or combination of features specifically disclosed herein within the meaning of Article 4H of the International Convention (Paris Convention).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9513500.0 | 1995-07-03 | ||
| GBGB9513500.0A GB9513500D0 (en) | 1995-07-03 | 1995-07-03 | Shunt for current measurement |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2226107A1 true CA2226107A1 (en) | 1997-01-23 |
Family
ID=10777041
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002226107A Abandoned CA2226107A1 (en) | 1995-07-03 | 1996-07-03 | Shunt assembly for current measurement |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0836710A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH11508996A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR19990028577A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1193386A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6312396A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2226107A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ424097A3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9513500D0 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUP9900189A3 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL123180A0 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO980014L (en) |
| PL (1) | PL324404A1 (en) |
| SK (1) | SK898A3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997002494A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA965653B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1278069A1 (en) * | 2001-07-20 | 2003-01-22 | ENSECO GmbH | Low ohmic measuring resistor |
| FR2904425B1 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2008-12-05 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | IMPROVED CURRENT SENSOR WITH ALTERNATIVE MAGNETIC EXCITATION |
| US8981762B2 (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2015-03-17 | General Electric Company | Apparatus and method for improved current shunt sensing |
| JP6764692B2 (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2020-10-07 | Koa株式会社 | Shunt resistor and shunt resistor mounting structure |
| JP6854143B2 (en) | 2017-02-15 | 2021-04-07 | Koa株式会社 | Current detector using shunt resistor and shunt resistor |
| EP3527995B1 (en) | 2018-02-20 | 2023-01-25 | Fico Triad, S.A. | Shunt resistor and measurement system |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4001684A (en) * | 1975-09-10 | 1977-01-04 | Fritts David H | Current measuring shunt |
| FR2659177B1 (en) * | 1990-03-01 | 1992-09-04 | Merlin Gerin | CURRENT SENSOR FOR AN ELECTRONIC TRIGGER OF AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT BREAKER. |
| GB9120003D0 (en) * | 1991-09-19 | 1991-11-06 | Ampy Automation Digilog | Improvements in and relating to current devices |
| FR2701590B1 (en) * | 1993-02-15 | 1995-04-21 | Sagem | Resistive current measurement elements and connection and measurement modules with application. |
-
1995
- 1995-07-03 GB GBGB9513500.0A patent/GB9513500D0/en active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-07-03 CA CA002226107A patent/CA2226107A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-03 ZA ZA9605653A patent/ZA965653B/en unknown
- 1996-07-03 SK SK8-98A patent/SK898A3/en unknown
- 1996-07-03 CN CN96196375A patent/CN1193386A/en active Pending
- 1996-07-03 WO PCT/GB1996/001587 patent/WO1997002494A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-07-03 EP EP96922138A patent/EP0836710A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-07-03 PL PL96324404A patent/PL324404A1/en unknown
- 1996-07-03 CZ CZ974240A patent/CZ424097A3/en unknown
- 1996-07-03 JP JP9504919A patent/JPH11508996A/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-07-03 IL IL12318096A patent/IL123180A0/en unknown
- 1996-07-03 HU HU9900189A patent/HUP9900189A3/en unknown
- 1996-07-03 AU AU63123/96A patent/AU6312396A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-03 KR KR1019970709898A patent/KR19990028577A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1998
- 1998-01-02 NO NO980014A patent/NO980014L/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1193386A (en) | 1998-09-16 |
| EP0836710A1 (en) | 1998-04-22 |
| CZ424097A3 (en) | 1998-05-13 |
| PL324404A1 (en) | 1998-05-25 |
| KR19990028577A (en) | 1999-04-15 |
| WO1997002494A1 (en) | 1997-01-23 |
| IL123180A0 (en) | 1999-03-12 |
| NO980014L (en) | 1998-02-24 |
| ZA965653B (en) | 1998-05-04 |
| GB9513500D0 (en) | 1995-09-06 |
| NO980014D0 (en) | 1998-01-02 |
| AU6312396A (en) | 1997-02-05 |
| JPH11508996A (en) | 1999-08-03 |
| HUP9900189A2 (en) | 1999-05-28 |
| SK898A3 (en) | 1998-12-02 |
| HUP9900189A3 (en) | 1999-11-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |