CA2215704A1 - Transportable building system incorporating cargo shipping container - Google Patents
Transportable building system incorporating cargo shipping container Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2215704A1 CA2215704A1 CA 2215704 CA2215704A CA2215704A1 CA 2215704 A1 CA2215704 A1 CA 2215704A1 CA 2215704 CA2215704 CA 2215704 CA 2215704 A CA2215704 A CA 2215704A CA 2215704 A1 CA2215704 A1 CA 2215704A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- container
- building system
- transportable building
- components
- frame
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
- E04B1/34305—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport telescopic
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
- E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
- E04H1/12—Small buildings or other erections for limited occupation, erected in the open air or arranged in buildings, e.g. kiosks, waiting shelters for bus stops or for filling stations, roofs for railway platforms, watchmen's huts or dressing cubicles
- E04H1/1205—Small buildings erected in the open air
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
- E04B2001/34876—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form with a sloping or barrel roof
- E04B2001/34884—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form with a sloping or barrel roof creating a living space between several units
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
- E04H1/12—Small buildings or other erections for limited occupation, erected in the open air or arranged in buildings, e.g. kiosks, waiting shelters for bus stops or for filling stations, roofs for railway platforms, watchmen's huts or dressing cubicles
- E04H2001/1283—Small buildings of the ISO containers type
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Pallets (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
- Rigid Containers With Two Or More Constituent Elements (AREA)
Abstract
A transportable building system includes a cargo shipping container (10) and a plurality of components (20, 22) carried in or on the container, or forming part of the container. The components may be rearranged and/or interconnected to provide a structure incorporating the container. These components include structural members (34, 36) adapted to be stored within the container during transport but to be fastened to the container in the erected structure so as to project from the container. The respective structural members when so fastened form load bearing frame components (34, 36) of the structure for supporting further components above the container.
Description
W 096/30601 PCTlAU9C/00~5S
TRANSPORTABLE BUILDING ~Y~ INCORPORATING
CARGO ~ G CONTAINER
lS Field of the Invention This invention relates to a ~ ol~ble building system incorporating one or more cargo shipping cont~intsrs by which the building components are transported prior to complete erection. The shipping cont~int-r may eg be a new purpose built coll~ .er, or may be a new or prior-used ;~ lion~l standard cargo shipping cont~cr. The invention has particular though not exclusive applir~tio~ in the delivery and erection of houses or other .ch~lt.~-c R~ round Art It is known to erect a house from a standard cargo shipping co~ .r. For çY~mrle, US
patent 4891919 ~liccloses such an ~rr~n~prn~nt in which the co.,~ ,or has hinged walls and floor panels. These panels are unfolded and then the roof and end walls, which have been 25 transported in the coll~ailler, are removed and ~cc~omhlç-1 to complete the house. Another forrn of portable shelter utili.cing a standard cargo shipping collt~in~r is disclosed in intern~tional patent publication W093/20297. In this case, the container proper forms a central zone of the house and further zones are formed along each side of the container by hinging out the floor, roof and end walls. The side wall is hinged in two portions up from 30 the floor. The portable shelter is ~u~ol~d on adjustable jack st~nds which çlimin~te the need for a fo~ln,~l~tio~ and also provide flexibility for erection of the shelter on hilly, uneven or rocky terrain. US patent 4780996 suggests rigs for raising the side walls of the co~t~in~r. US patent 5237784 discloses hinged-out side panels halves coupled to link spaced side-by-si~de C~l~tS~;"~
SUBSTITUTE SH EET (RULE 26) J~1~AI~fSe patent pllh~ tioJl (kokai) 6-73901 tlicrloses the reuse of a single shipping cQI~t~ r as a simple dwelling by providing the co~t~int r with openings for a door and windows, and with a rectangular wooden frame placed atop the col~A;l~r~l. An outer r~ lin~ of wall boards is suspGn~l~d from the frame about the conlAi..- " and ~t~rh~o-d roof s trusses support overlaid roofing boards.
US patent 4854094 ~iÇscrihes the co~ls~lu~;lioll of a house incc~ dlhlg one or more standard shipping co.-l~ ..s, i"rln~l;u~ a two-storey house with one cc...lA;..r. atop a lower storey formed from two side-by-side cont~in~rs Stacked c~ ;n .~ are also ~-~osed in ~rrm~n patent application 3208302.
o There have been a number of ~,~,posals for delivering the col"~on~n~ of a building a_ an ~csemhly ~lecigned tO be hs-nrllrA as if it is a standard cargo shipping cont~inrr. For ~Y~mr~ US patent 5447000 ~licclosçs a ~Ul~oSC built frame which includes cargo co~-lAil-~r corner fittings and houses various pand COlll~ e~ configurable on site to forrn a Sl~u-;lul~.
IS US patent 4467573 discloses a par~ of cc""~onents for an industry hall in which all parts of the building are l~lined within the ~ ;ons of an int~rn~tion~l standard cargo shipping cont~in.o-r and in which the roof support beams are arranged and i"l~..;om~ected to form the long sides of the col-t~ r.
US Patent 4635412 proposes a core with complex fold-out side walls having multiple hinged panels and a hingerlly e~rt~-n~i~ble central roof structure. The various external structural co~ ol~ents are stored within a cc..l~ r envelope but they are moved to their ..... A.~ I position in a comrl~x hin~in~ action. The core sl,u~lulal col.. lol-~-.t is a "ladder girder". US Patent 4741133, and also ~Jçrm~n utility model puh!ir~tion 8812285 both show a ccnli.;.. .-like frame with panel sides which expand or fold out in an 2s "accordion-like fashion".
US Patent 3984948 to Bussard has a "co-~l ;nr~ form" made up of ,~l~ngular co,npone.,ls which hinge out to create a cabin structure having an irregular hexagonal cross-section.
Australian patent application 71019/87 discloses a demoL~ ble building ~csçmhly inrl~ inE a wall and roof panel ~c,cr.rnhly securable to a floor assembly which is ~ rt~hle 30 to forrn one or more L.dlls~ol~ble CO~ SO that all the panels are stored in the co~t~in.o.r(s) during transport of the ~le-mount~hle building assembly.
Other background art inrludrc 13~rm~n patent applir~ticnc 2519841 and 1953109 both eseri~inE a shelter within a module ~rci~nrA as a shipping cor.~ -, British patent 2264470 (fitted out mobile laundry) (Jerm~n patent applir~tion 3302045 (m~~ r motel 3s unit) US patcnt 5285604 (field kitchen) and published French patent applir~tion 2441703.
~Uh511lUl~ SHF~T (Rule 26) In general thcse ~y~c.lls are either too simple and not readily adaptable to larger S~ lur~s.
or. in c~ are of comple~c or ~ cn~ cor.~llu~:tion, or are not s~itA~'- for ea_y erection on sit¢ by Im~bill~d labour, or involve site ~ui,~-"rl~t!~, cg power or too~
which may not be readily available. These ~liM~--ltiP~C would particularly limit the 5 ~rplir~tion of prior s~:.t~.lls where i~fl~shu~:lule was poorly developed or non~Yictr-nt The present Ar~rlir~nt is not aware of any t o~ c;al system for delivering b~ iin~s such as ~hPlt~r~ and houses in cargo cl.;l,~ , col.lA;..- -~ so that all or many parts of the buil~ing are pre~ r~-lu~d and the b~ i~ can be readily erected from and includes the co..~ er on site. Such a system would be very ben~firi~l~ in cperi~lly adapted 10 embo~ . for providing houses or chelters in remote or less developed areas, or in locations where building skills, tools or mAtrriAIc are not ea ily available. T~ o~lable b!-iklingc of this type would Iso be very useful in providing quick shelter after natural dis~l~,, such ~ cyclones and e~thq~Alc~$
One aspect of erecting a house which il~cc,ll,oratcs a ~ud&d cargo shipping cG~t~ r is the provision of _n intPrnAl dwdling :,L~Id&d lining for the wAlls of thc co.~ er. It is not practical in general to mount wallboard directly to the inttornAl surface of pre-used shipping contAin-q.rs since these s--rfaees tend to be sollle~lvllal dinted, uneven and darnaged. One a~pluach is to build an internAl cavity wall with studs and some forrn of wallboard along each side of the cor~ el. This approach also establishes a cavity for plumbing and wiring.
20 However, the inctRll~tion of studs and the pArlring of the res~lfAnt sub-frarne to allow for conls.;~-er wall ilTegularities is relatively labour-illt~ ,e and this ~p.uacll therefore tends to negate some of the ben~-fit~ sought by pre-~ r~ e of co~tAintor-based housing.
c~ of the Invention It is a general object of the invention to provide illl~JlU~ in L..~ns~l~ble building ~Y~ ls of the kind in which the erected ~LIU~LW~,iIICGIPO1~teS one or more cargo shipping CO~ by which COIII~nF -IL~ of the structure are L dr~s~l t~d prior to complete erection.
In a particulal aspect, the invention is directed to providing for the internAl lining of a contAincr in a ~l&lmcr which has application to cargo shippi~g co~ ;..F-.:" or to conl~;..Fl~
of a similar order and size, and which may I~ .C~lC be applied to transportable building 30 ~y~l~,ms il~C<jl~ld~illg one or more shipping conl~nF, i by which the buikling colllyollF-nls are transportedl prior to completF erection.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a transportable building system inrhl-ling a cargo shipping col t~ vr and a plurality of colllyonFIlLs carried in or on the col~ er, or forming part of the contAin~or. These cGlll~olle.lL~ may be reArr-Anged and/or il.te.~;o-~ F~-l.,d to 35 provide a SLIUULU1C incol~ol~ g the co~ r. Thc CO111I~O1I~ include ~ U.:IUI~1 , AdArl~ed to be stored within the cor~t~ . during ll~s~ll but to be rh~ ~ to the :jU~ V~ SIIEET (Rule 26) co.~ . in the erected ~llu~ so as to project from the co~n;~FI. The l~s~ ive Slluclulal .~ s when so ra~ ed forrn load bearing frarne colllpon~,.l~ of the :~llu~;lulc for ~u~olling further con~nr~t~ ahove the co..~ ... These sllu-;l-ual ..~....k~..:~
preferably extend ~lj7 cpnt a side wall or l~,;,~ti~re side walls of the cort~i..er and are~ preferably ~lprightc of a frame in the erected ~ u~;~ulc, cg. posts in the structure, but may ly be or include ~ lal panels.
A system accolding to the invention is adaptable in a ~.~,fc.l~,d application to provide a co~pk t~r- house erected on site from the col~t~;n~-, and col..pone.l~ tl~-s~rlcd to the site in the co~ ;"F.l. Such a conti in~.r and its contents may conslilule the whole house.
o The structural members may be fict~n~.d to the col.l~;..f.r by being atta.--h-d to its side wall(s), and/or, preferably, there may be further elongate upright ...~.u.hc,~ di~osed within and fixed to the cort~ r, and to which the ~L~u~lu~ .cl.-bcls are ~~,;,~;li~cly ;~tt~h-(l, eg with the co~t~;u~-l wall or c~ ding ~cl~.~ll. In a ~rer~.lcd arrangement, the sllu~;luidl . are posts. In the case where there are int~mi 1 further elongate upright ~r-~h~
15 these posts may serve as vertical cxtensions of the elongate upright members, thereby forrning composile posts of a frame for the erected structure, the l~s~ ,e memb~.~
having registrable a~.lu.~s by which they may be fi~tçn~l together side-by-side to forrn such composite posts, preferably with the structural m~lllber posts at the exterior of the co..~;.i..~r. .Alternntively, for example, the structural mPmhers may be received into and located in sleeves, brackets or straps ntt~ h~-d to the co..~n;~er, or may telcsco~ically engage ...~t.--hi..~ posts adapted to be fLsed to the co..~ ei.
The posts may define sets of opposed c-hQnnel tracks to receive panels serving as ~ytern ltlin~ for the cO~ l andlor as walls of the SLlu~ c.
The posts are preferably chP,rlr~d or rebated about one or more s~ ct~l cc,...ponell~ of the 25 container so that there is partial direct vertical load support by the colnponehl(s).
Preferably, a floor frame for an upper storey is su~o.lcd from said ~ uclul~l mclnl~.~
above the contninpr~ and, p-cr~l~bly, is not ~tt~rhPA directly to the contA;..f,l. A space may be provided be,t~..,CII the top of the cc,..l~;..r-l and this floor frame, to serve as a cavity for services, eg electricQl wiring and plumbing, which may be in.~t~llPd prior to l,dr.spoll or on 30 site. In some cases, eg. where the col-tQinP.r was to be moved only by truck relatively locally or at least only by land, this space, and the space above the floor, could be used to Lld~ nJI~ constructional . material, eg when o- ,ll.ead clearance re~uil~lllenl~ during Lr~lS~olL allowed this option.
In turn, the floor frame is ~le~l~bly utilised for the ~ttQf hml-nt of wall stud coll.pollents for 3s su~polling int~mQl and/or e~tPrn~l clQddin~ for the co~ r eg in the region of l~l..o~d cargo doors of the cc,..l~ r.
~UI~llUl~ SHEET (Rulc 26) W O 96/30601 PCT/AU96/OOlS5 S
The invention also provides, in a second aspect. a ,,,r!l,~l of crecting a s~u.,lu-e, inr~ ing ~l~aLillg a plurality of co.llyone~ of the structure at a f~rst site. The colllpone.lLs are placed in or on a cargo shipping c0~ el and the cont~in~-r is ~ s~Gl~d to a second site.
The colll~onellts are then re~rr~ngPIl and/or illtc.--onl.r,cl~ to provide the sLIuc~ e at the 5 second site, which :>lluClulC inc~ &~s the cc...~ r,r. The cc"~ le,nts include ~LIu~:lulàl mPlnhPrc stored within the cont~in~r during l . An.~.. L~g of the cc,~ r but f~ .nrA to the cont~inPr in the erected sLlu~;lul~ so as to extend 5~ rent a side wall or l~sp~Li~,~ side walls of the cor~ n~.r and to project from the co..l~ r.., the l~,S~CCti'~ structural ~
when so r~ u-~fA forming load bearing frame co"lpon~,.lL~ of the :.Lluclul~, for su~olLillg o further colllponents above the cont~inf~r.
The invention further provides, in a third aspect, a lla,~ L~ble b~likling system comrri~ing a cargo shipping conl ~ -,r and a plurality of CCJ111POI~I~ carried in or on the cont~inP~r~ or forming part of ~e cQnt~inçr~ which col~l~n~ may be rearranged orhlt~,.cor-nP~tP~ to provide a Sllu~;lul~ CGl~ulaling the co~tS~ r, whe-~ hl said container 15 houses a baLll~'OOlll unit AA~rteA to form a bal~uOlll in the erected structure.
Preferably, the bathroom unit is ~ r--~;onal, and may be mounted to the container, wh~,~c*y a space is formed or may be formed under or over the b~l-luolll unit to receive frame me,llbel~ for the structure disposed lon~h lAinAlly in the contAinPr. The unit may be moveable in the cont~ller to form, move or vary this space.
The bathroom unit preferably in~lu~les a unitary moulded structure ~lefining at least a floor or base and optionally a shower recess and/or bath, and all or part of side walls. One or more of a toilet Ibowl, bidet, cistern, vanity unit and plumbing fittings may be in~ Ae~ The r~mAinAPr of the side walls may be se~ ly carried in the C4..1~.;....~ for ~AttA~hmPnt on site, and/or may be det~r-l.Al,le to allow for the aÇo~...~ lion~A space under or over the 25 l~a~ unit.
In a fourth aspe,ct, the invention provides a mPtho~l of providing an intPrnAI lining for a cohtAin~l having an opening to the e"le.ior, including:
~ fitting a facing mAtpriAl about an çYrAn(1ed but cunllaclible body of a size a little smaller than an interior space of the col~t~;..- -, 30 ~ inserted the body fitted with the facing m~teri~l through said opening into said space, WL~ the facing mAtPriAI is di:,~osed AdjAc~-ll one or more walls of the co~tAinçr bounding said space, and defines with the wall(s) one or more ~fi~h~
cavities;
~ injecting a foam into said ~li~h~"~l cavity(ies), which foam is select~l to adhere to the facing m~t~ ; and SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) ~ collll~:ting said body away from the facing m~tçri~l and withdra~ g the body from the co- tAi~r through said opening;
~ wh~,.~)~ the foam and the o~ lyil~g facing m~tlo.ri~l remain in place as an internal lining of thc co~ ",r.
s The conll clible body is preferably a hingedly coll~rsihle frame of steel and/or timber frame co~nl)one"~, with a ~ .al support structure for the facing m~teri~l The support structurc may include an e~rt~m~l lining for the frame of steel plate or timber panel, for example plywood.
The facing material is preferably a thin ftt~Yihl~ m~il~m such as vinyl sheet or paper.
0 The foam is preferably an ~.Yp~n-ling foam and may be injected into the ~.i~,he,al cavity(ies) through pUl~OSC provided ports in the col~t~ r~ wall(s), which are s~se~lu~tly plugged following col~.pl~tion of injection.
The invention further provides, in its fourth aspect, a col-t~ r, for cxample a cargo shipping co-,~lel, fitted with a cc"..plrte or partial intem~l lining col"~lishlg a foarn 15 overlaid with a facing m~tt~ri~l In its fourth aspect, the invention further provides a contractible body rl;~ .n.cioned to be inserted into an interior space of a co~ r.1 having an opening to the exterior, while fully ç~cr~n~e.~ and fitted about with a facing m~t~ wh~,.~y the facing m~teri~l is disposed ~Aja~es-t one or more walls of the cont;.;..~.r boun ting said space, and defines with the 20 wall(s) one or more L~li~hc.~l cavities, which body is subsequently co"llaclible away from the facing m~t~.ri~l for willldla~val from the CQnli~h-e~ through said opening.
Again, the conl,a.:Lible body is ~,~f~,.ably a hingeAly coll~rsible frame of steel and/or timber frame co",~onellts, with a ~ h- .-1 support structure for the facing m~t~ri~t The support SllU-;lul~ may include an e~t~-~n~l lining for the frame of steel plate or timber panel, 2s for r~ lc plywood.
In the fourth aspect of the hl~cnlion, the conl~inrl may be a cargo shipping con~ r.
In some embo~i...P...tc of all four of the al~o~,~ll,elltioned aspects of the invention, the cargo shipping co~ .l is an intern~tional s~nd~d cargo shipping co~ r inr.hl-ling a load bearing frame and floor, wall and roof panels. The afc,~,lll~nlioned interior elongate 30 ~nPn.l~,:~ would norrn~lly be additional to the standard frame of the co~ i..r,r and there may be still further addi~ional elo~g~tç lll~,lnber~ disposed in the lo~gitu~lin~l direction of the cont~;nf,l. As an ;..~ lional standard cargo shipping col.l~ çl, the co..l~ r would have the usual cast steel corner fittings by which the cont~illFl could be stacked for shipping or storage.
~U~SlllUl~ SHEET (Rule 26) 7 .
By ;.. t~ ".~1ional ~ d~L~ cargo chirpir~ co.~ is meant that the co~ el meets T~t~ Alional Shipping o~ ;c ~in~ (ISO) l~qu~ e,.~ls for ~e Tl~tc...AIional Convention for Safe CO~IA;~P-~ (CSC) and the .A~f..;~ 1 Bureau of Shipping (ABS). These standards include .~u~ l.,nti~ for the size and strength of co~ u;lA~lf, sized co~ for s the prescnt p~ OSC would be those r~,f~ d to as 20 ft and 40 ft co.~lAin.-.s The frarne system of such cn.~tA.I-r..~ is a welded ~c~e-..hly of fiLYed s~u~:lu-~al stcel ~ and the ing is typically cu lu~aled sheet steel panels. As a :.~nd~ud cargo shipping cont~iner, it can be lifted with a crane or forklift as it would nnrrn~lly include forklift pockets.
In another embo~lim~nt> the corl~ ,r may comply with i.~ AI;onal standards save that 1O Cle.~.'.ht~: of the structure may protrude. Such embo~ t-c would be able to be used for domestic ~ul~oses and would then need to meet standard road ~1;,,,. l-c;onal regulations, which are typically wider and higher than for the int....s.1ional standard cargo shipping cont~inP.rs In a still further ~it.. 5.~iV~" the cargo shipping cQr.tA;.. ~r is a puL~osC built one-way IS ct~nts-inP.r and differs in si~nific~nt .~S~lS from ISO standards. For eY~mple, instead of corrugated 2 rnm gauge steel panels, it may be built in 4 m~n flat steel. This would add to the weight of the conlainer but the typical load weight of the cor.ll)ocents for a house (perhaps around 6 tonne) would be iess than the convçntion~l load weight of ISO
COll~alllel~ (eg 20 to 22 tonnes for 20 ft col-~Ai~ ), and thus the con-cnience of flat rather 20 than corrugated steel walls could be acc~ -o~l~t~d within an i-.el~,ase in the colltail~c.
weight. A single cargo access door may open up instead of out to serve, eg, as a verandah or porch roof and/or as a water tank stand.
The co..ti~;..P~ may or may not include the usual cargo access doors at one or both ends during ~ Ll. If provided, the door~s) are preferably mmlntP~l so they can be ~iet~chp~A
2s from the hinges, but preferably only from inside the co..~ Pr, thus first requiring access by unlocking nnd opening of the doors. COIII~ F-I~t~ may be provided for enclosing the hinges in se,~ lc of cavity wall. ~ ly~ the doors may be ~,novable with thehinge fitting.c, lbut the former option is more pr~ tic5~hl~P with exi-cting co~
The container preferably inrlurlec openingc in its side or end walls, advantageously defined 30 by surrounding frame ...~...he-~ incc,.~o.~l~d in the co~ i..Fr structure. Preferably, these opPnings are closed during transport by removable panel sections. These sections are preferably only removable from inside the cont~inPr.
For additional structural stability, the erected structure may be r~ A down to con~-~t~
pads or footings, inl~.hltling where desired f~ct~.ning,c such as, eg, ~iyclonic tie-down rods to 3S additionally anchor the lower corner fittings to the pads or ~uoli..gs. Normally all posts of a SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) W 096~0601 PCT/AU96/OOlSS
s~u~,tu~, requirc tie-down footings but, in this casc, tie-downs may be cc..r...~cl to the ~"ln;"r, corners and to outer ~ - ;---. trr posts.
In a fifth aspect, the invention provides a wheeled ~ s~ll device for a cargo shipping co~ ur.. c~....l.,;c;..~ a ground wheel, means to rotatably mount the ground wheel, and s means to ~let~rhA~.ly mount the device to a standard corner fitting of a cargo shipping c<,..lA;"- I. In this further aspect, the invention also extends to a cargo shipping co~t~.in~.r fitted with four of the ar~ .id devices at l~,s~cc~, cQrnlors Advantageously, the col~lA;..Pr is a cargo clljpping colltAin.~r of a tlans~ollable building system acco~LIlg to one or more of the other aspects of the invention.
0 Brief De~ llon of the I).~ p Various ~Icfc.l~,d features and clllbor~ t.~i of the invention will now be described in greater detail, with rGr~.~nce to the accoll,pall~illg drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a simple L,a,ls~ t icol~ .;c rliA~m of a llanspol~ble building system in accol~a,lce with an embor-7im~o-nt of the invention, shown in its ~ls~ condition;
IS Figure 2 is a cross-section of the cont~inrr as viewed in Figure l;
Figure 3 is an icomr.tric diagram of the corlt~.inPr, with the top ci~drling removed for illu~ purposes, showing the added intern~l post and beam arrangement;
Figure 4 is a simple diagram of part of a partially erected structure h~col~,ol~Ltillg a cargo shipping col.lA~ , showing the llloullling of load-bearing frame m~mb~rs of the structure;
20 Figure 5 is a three-r.im~-n.cional view of a partially erected ~ u-;lu~, also showing tie-downs to fo~n~l~tion pads;
Figure 6 is an i~o~rt~;r view of the frame and roof of a partially erected Sl,-7~ llG
il~col~ Lillg a pair of 20 ft. ;..tt - .~1ional s~da,.l cargo shipping co~t;~ P.,.~;
Figures 7 and 8 are views of l~s~ ItPrnAtive arrAngeln~-ntC for mounting load bearing 2s posts of the frarne to the co~ ;..e"
Figure 9 is an enla,ge.llcnt of part of Figure 8;
Figure lO is another detail, in icomptric view, of an embodiment incol~o~aling the post arrangement of Figure 7;
Figures l l and 12 are ~;,~ ly front elevational and plan views of an opening in a side 30 wall of the co~ - "
Figure 13 is a view similar to Figure 12 but showing the opening closed by a removable panel;
~iU~lllVl~ SHEET (Rule 26) W 096/30601 PCTIAU96/OOlSS
9 '~
Pigure 14 is a side view of co..~ rpirting the retc-ntion in ~O~;~;OI~ of a cut-out side wall se.L~
Figure 15 is an e nlarged se~tion~l view co~ ding to part of Figure 14, but illusllatil~g - the ~llll~lion of the cut;
Figure 16 and 17 are ~ gr~mc drpi-ting an ~ngemrnt for providing int~al wall and~ ceiling frarnes for the con~
Figures 18 and 19 are ~,.~;Li~,~, front and side elevations of a ~L~l~d Iralls~lL device of a type sl~it~blr for use with a cargo shipping c~jnl~ ;n~
Figure 20 is a transparent three-dil.. -.cional diagrarn of the device of Figures 18 and 19 lO fitted to a shipping co,.ls~;..r."
Figure 21 depi,cts the use of the device for t.~S~vlLi~g a shipping C~J~ r~ eg a transportable building system according to other aspects of the invention;
Figure 22 is an icomf~tric ~ ""~a~;r view of an initial stage in the provision of an intemal lining f'or a cargo shipping co~u~in~r in accor~lance with an embodiment of the fourth aspect of the invention, and also shows the prinrir~l c~ or~p~c used; and Figures 23 and 7,4 depict two subse.l~le-~lt stages.
Detailed DP~ n of r~ l Frnho ~ ents Figures l and 2 depict an ;..~ -..At;onal standard cargo shipping containt-,r 10, typically 20 ft long, with corrugated metal panel cl~qMing as side walls 11, a floor s~ t~ 13 including a 20 bottom rail 1 lb made up of an I-section or tubular bearer for the floor joists (not shown), and a roof 17 lx,l.. ~,1 a rectangular tube top rails 1 la. The cc,~ is further fitted with standard cast corner fittings 12 çn~gea~le to manipulate the CO~ 5~, a pair of cargo access doors 14 at one or both ends of the cG..I;.;.~rr, and forklift slots ~0 in the con~ rri ~ floor :~llu~;tu~c 13. Fittings 12 are often referred to as "corner cS~cting.c~ and farilhat~
25 st~rking, and hantlling of the co~t~in~r.
Disposed within one end of the co.-l;.i..~.i is a ~l.,ra~licated ba~ unit 16 which is o~ anld located so that it may be lifted to provide a storage space 18 l~n~le~rne~th Also carried wilthin the container are pre-~rc~ d, eg pre-cut, compone,lls of the structure to be erected from and in~ ing the cc,~ i..r,r. These colll~ol,e.l~s include elongate frame I"r.nlhel~ 20, eg posts 30 and s~u~i~ulal lllelllb~,l, such as posts 34,36, and c~ ing and roofing panels such as corrugated metal sheets 22. Frame ~-~r~k;~:~ 20 may be eg timber bearns, square rnetal tubes, C or H section steel beams or otll~,. wise as desired. The longer of the frarnc ~r~h,~, for ~ -~r, 'e l1Q~ 1 bearns of a s~hseqllent frame or central ridge posts to :~U~J~Ol~ the :~ubse.lu~ roof, would typically extend into space 18. Other ~U~ ul~ S~E~T (Rule 26) W 096/30601 PCTIAU96/OOlS5 co~ ~r.~ x such as windows, doors, roof trusses and the like may also be stored within the c~..lAi--f.r. Such co~nl~n~-r.t~ rnight include a coll~rcible water tank made in a plastics or rubber m~itt-.r-~l. This tank could be infl~tçA with air to take up any slack within the cf-l.lAi..rr and to ll~e.~L~ clamp the other ec,~..po~ and ...;--;...ice or prevent their S ~o~c~ l in transit.
Conve.~i~ntly, the stored COlll~l1f.llS of the :~I1U~;IU1G are letahlfd in the CO~ r on pallets 21 by which the colllpollc.l~ may be placed on and e~- cted from the cont~in~r. If desired, the longer frame Ille.ll~c.s may be placed in the floor under the pallets.
The bathroom unit 16 inr~ es~ inter alia and optionally, a toilet and cistem unit 24 and a o vanity unit 26. The ba~ olll unit is preferably an integral housing in fibreglass reinforced plastic flefinin?~ side walls 28 and end wall 29 and a floor 27.
C-o..t~it.Fl 10 would typically also include intfern~l lining,c, fittings and windows so that it conctitutfe~ a pre-f~ri~ted living space ready or partially ready for occ~ tion. In one approach, (Figures 16 and 17), pre-fabricated side wall modules 140 include frame structures and pre-fitted plumbing and wiring, and support in the cont~iinçr a ceiling module 142 which fits atop and is s.l~olled by the wall modules at each side. These wall modules are closely ~ ent to the side walls of the container, as clearly seen in Figure 17.
The corit~iiner may be an çYicting cargo shipping corit~infr converted for the present purpose, for example one nearing the end of its useful life, or it may be a new cor~t~iinf~r manufactured for this purpose but so as to meet i~ ional cargo shipping corit~iiner standards. In other em~o~ f--.lx, the cont~inPr might not meet ;.~lf ~ ional standards but would ~.e~c.tLbly at least satisfy d~ me,ctir road tl~u~S~Gll I~UilG.ll~..ll~.
When the shipping col.tn;.-f,. 10 reaches the site at which the ~ c~ul~ is to be erected, which site rnay be, for çY~mrLf, on an island several thouc~in~s kilomptres from the factory 2s site in which the cclll~ollGnls of the system are ~ ,paled and loaded into the corl~ J, u~;lul~,s such as those shown partially co~mr!fte~ in Figures 4 and 7 may be readily formed from the pre~ ,d colll~onc,.lls provided within the co..ln;l-r.r. One arr~n~e-mf-nt for mounting the structural frame to the cont~in~r is ~epirte~i in Figures 3 and 4. Interior posts 30 fixed, eg by screws, wedging, adhesive or welding, to the cont~iinçr side wall c~ in~ are disposed at spaced intervals on the inside of the col.ln;.~,r and are in turn inte~o~nçclerl in the top corners of the cont~inPr by longit~l~in~lly eYt~nrling beams 32.
These beams 32 serve as lintels where openings are formed, as described later. At the erection site, :jllU~;IUl;~ f.l~hCl:~ such as ridge posts 34 and ~ ;...f-t~r- posts 36 are f~ct~.n~.d in pairs ~dj~lrc~ s~ ., cQrnrl-mrnt~ry interior posts 30 by bolting the posts together at spaced l~ .~ a~.lul~s 38 with ~pr~pliate fhslen--:, 39. Posts 34, 36 lie on the outside of the cont~inp~rt but the co,~ c~ Aing is located between the posts of each SIJ~S111 u 1~ St7FFT (~WC 2~) W 096~0601 PCTIAU96/OOlSS
pair. To avoid clrilling on site, a~c,lu.~s would typically be pre-formed in thc posts and in the cont~;~.f r rlnAtlil~, or other co...l~Qn~ nl~, These ar~nE~ nlx provide cG...l~c;~ posts 45 for the rçslllt~nt frame 40, which may be ~ cc.. plet~d with other frame ~ such as upper l-n.;,nl~ bearns 41 (Pigure 5) and s roof trusses or r,afters 42 (Figure 4). The frame 40 su~ and defines a lower storey 40a ~ illCGI~ g cc~ .nr.l 10 and an upper storey 40b above the cont~ . The frame need not be provided with st~lmrs~ rOO~ or fo!ln~io~ pads but these can of course be inrl~ded if desired, as shown in Figure 5. This drawing shows fo!ln~l~tion pads 80 with tie-downs 82 for the ~ c bottom corner fittings 12.
0 Figure 6 illustrates a simple ~lliltlin~ frame in which a mllltirlicity of posts 34,36 are secured to a pair of spaccd ~ld~.l cargo shipping COl~li ;n l;~ lOa, lOb. These posts, and the panels of thle roof rl~ ljn~ 44, have of course been retrieved from the interiors of the co..~ on sif~.e.
Posts 34,36 may, for ~ . be timbcr beams or squarc tubular stecl posts, or of any 15 other suit~hle form.
Figure 7 details an çn~ omlont ~ ,C,ll a timber post 34' and a typical co..~ r with lighter gauge corrugated steel side r~ ling 11' and heavier gauge top and bottom rails 1 la, 1 lb of rect~n~ r-tube steel. As already noted, bottom rails 1 lb may be I-section bearns.
The post is preferably rh~or~A or rebated at 90,92 about the top rail 1 la' and at the top edge of bottom rail 1 lb', and is bolted to the rl~(lAing and to a co.l~ e~ interior post 30 (not visible in Figure 7) at spaced locations 38'. Rebates 90,92 ensure that the post is flush against the rl~~ in~ and provide for the posts to partially seat on the rails 1 la', 1 lb' and thus for the :.~u~ulal load to be at least partially :.u~ ,d vertically on these rails.
In general, it may not be strictly n~eCc ~ to provide interior posts 30 with cach s~ clulal post 34,36. Th,e steel walls of ISO CG~~~ are believed to ~nrr~lly be sllffiri~ntly structnr~lly strong for posts 34,36 to be simply bolted to the walls of the co.~ r. In such a simplified ~.~ ge~ , the nuts for the l~ re bolts would con~elller~ be welded into position on the cont~iner walls about pre-cut holes for the bolts. An inside frame would typically still be provided to support interior lining.
Timber posts would preferably include lo~git~rlin~lly eyt~-nrlinE ~f~OVc5 3~ (Figure 7) to slidably receive c~ rling sheets, eg wallboard, profiled p~nrlling, kraft board, for facing the cQr~ el~ and cl~drli~g or lining the ~lluclul.,.
In a further emborlim~-nt, the posts may be C-, H- or el~ mC1 section steel posts defining opposed chs~l~..r.l tracks to receive panels to provide ~Yt~~m~l c~ lin~ for the cOn~
35 and/or walls, elrt~m~l or internal, for the upper storcy or C~t~ ~dPCl areaS of the lower storey.
lllUl~- SH~T (RU1C 26~
W O96/30601 PCT/AU96/OOlSS
Such panels would ~f~,.dbly be of light-weight m~te.ri~l and would typically be stored in the co~t~in~r during ~ s~l~.
With either of these adaptations, it can be seen that suitably pre-~imrncioned posts 34.36 and nc$oci~ slidably mo~mt~d sheets or panels carried in the col~t~ rr can be employed s to enclose or cffectively wrap up the co~ r within a structure on site, using pre-r~ ;ci-tr Cl colll~onen~s and very simple pl~ ul~,S, and without any need on site to drill the thick steel typical of the con~ , or to use either skilled labour or special tools.
A further ~Ito~n~tive to the post fixing ~ng~mPnt of Figures 3 to 5 and that of Figure 7 is depicted in Figure 8 and 9. In this arr~ngemlo-nt, interior posts 30" are square tubes and the lO eYt~rn~l projecting frame colnpone~,ts 34",36" telescopically engage, and are f~ct~n~d to, tubes 30". Of course, posts 30 might be instead received by posts 34,36. Instead of tubes 30", posts 34", 36" rnight ~ltern~tively engage ...~lc~ sleeves, blac~ or straps on the col~tail.Gr.
Posts 34,36 may also advantageously support a frame for the upper storey floor, indepentlto-ntly of and clear of the cont~iner. This feature is flepict~ in Figure 10, in which a timber bearer 102 of the upper storey floor frame 100 is çh~o-c~ l into and fastened to a transverse groove 104 of each of several posts 34,36: one only such mounting is illustrated.
The floor joists 106 are in turn secured to the bearers. The weight of bearers 102 and joists 106 is not directly borne by the top of container 10 and indeed the shallow space 108 b l~een the joists and co~t~iner roof 17 can be used as a cavity for services, eg electrical wiring and plumbing, which may be inct~ ocl prior to ~ans~o.l or on site. In some cases this space, and the space above the floor, could be used to l-~ls~ constructional m~tt-ri~lc eg when o~_,LGad ckal~cc l~quilemell~s during L~s~lL allowed this option.
The avoiri~n-~e of any need to directly attach the upper storey floor frame to the cor.t;~ r avoids any l~uile-ll~ to weld or drill the con~ on site for this purpose, an i practical point.
In the embo~iim~nt of Figure 10, the upper storey floor frame 100 may be employed to brace and straighten the roof panel of the underlying cont~in~r. For ex~mple, one or more lollgitu-lin~lly extentling battens (not shown) may be placed under joists 106 be~.. cGn and parallel to bearers 102. There is a residual gap bc~ ell the col~ .Pl roof and the joists because corner fittings 12' protrude above the roof, and the batten thic~nesc would be chosen to neatly fit this gap. The roof panel(s) of the cont~iner is then f~ct~on.od, eg with nails, to this batten, and through the batten to the joists. Such an arr~ngem~o~t is a simple ~ and err~;~ , way of fixing and fl~tt~ning the co.~ roof, which is often rather battered, warped or caved in after prolonged use of a shipping co~ i..er.
SUBSTITUTE SHEEl (RULE 26) -W O96/30601 PCT~AU9C/OOIS5 Typically, provision will have been made in the co~tA;~ for one or more op ning~ in the side walls of the corlt~iner. This can be e-ffecteA. in the ll~mGl shown in Figures 11-13, in which the side c~ nf~ 11 snd frame of the cc,~ has been ~ o~,cd ~I~..~en the floor and roof of the cont~ r to define an opening 50. The opening is d ~fin~ and reinforced by s a surrounding frame forrned by l~t~;liVu ones 30a, 30b of the interior posts 30, bottom rail 1 lb, and a portion of one of the lon~itll~lin~lly eytpn~ling top rails 1 la which here in part provides a lintel 32a for the openin~ (Figure 11). Opening 50 may in~ol~olale a window or door or may be ~esig~p~A for this ~ul~ose. For ~ L, the opening is closed by a removable ¢orrugated metal panel 54 (Figure 13) f~CtPn-'A to posts 30a, 30b and/or to o the co~t~inPr wall, preferably using a co~re~led fixing to prevent ~ g On erection of a structure on site, this panel 54 is ~ o-,cd and the eYtPrior frame support posts 34,36 f~ctPneA into place (Figure 12).
Panel 54 may be attachP~l to the cont~inPr ~l~Ming 11 by mlllti, 1(.~ angular joining plates 56 which are welded or otLe.~ise fixed ~o cladAin~ 11 at 57 (Figure 13) and 5~ttslrhed to panel 54 by r~ 58 which can only be removed from the inside of the cont~ r. This reduces the risk that the cnnt~iner conte.,~ will be il.te.r~ ,d with during transit by removal of panel 54. Joining plates 56 can be also removed on site if n~ess~.y.
A method of forming opening 50 at the factory site, without removing the cut-out panel segmPnt, is illustrated in Figures 14 and 15. The intt~A~d line of cut is first covered, on at least two sides of the opening, with a linear cap 130 which is pop-riveted at 132 at regular intervals along each side of the line of cut. The container metal cl~clAing is then cut through but the tool (135) setting is finely set so that the cap 130 is not cut. A separate panel 136 remains in place, l~,~illed by the riveted cap. I-ll~o,~l~ly, the cut-out panel remains accul~tely in position, and the problem of ~ ning a l.,.llov~d panel s~ is elimin~teA
25 The cut is now filled with se~l~nt, eg a sui~ble silicont~ coln~vulld, and the factory task is coI..pIel~. At the erection site, an a~lv~liale simple tool can be used to break all of the pop rivets 132 and ILe.~y l~l,ovc cap 130 and panel 136 to clear the opening. Along the bottom of the opening the cut may be con~,.,niently located a little above the floor level, as at 51 in Figures 11 and 14, and a step down from eg. a wet arëa floor, thereby provided.
As m~tion~ int~ tional standard cargo shipping col~tA;.Ir-,~ typically include a pair of cargo access doors 14, with a c~lctQmc seal arrangement, forming one end of the cont~insr.
These doors may be removed at the factory and repI~eecl with an end panel but this may not always be practical and indeed will not be permiccibko where the system is to bell~ls~v,led as an i..t~ ional standard cargo shipping cc~ . RepI~e-m~ont of the doors may in part be il"~ ;lical becA~.~e the hinge ~rcl~nic~ is a welded section and cannot be easily and econnmi~IIy r~.,lGv~,d. To allow l~ ce-~r-nt of the doorc on site, where heavy cutting cq.~ r .~ may not be available, the welded ~tt~ t of the doors to their hinges 'U~ Vl~ SBET (Rule 26) W O96/30601 PCTIAU96/OOlS5 may be cut away, the parts re drilled and the welds .~ by l~lLl~)v~lc bolts. The doors may then be tle~ l.r.~l on site by removal of these bolts wh~ pon hinge fifflngs 65' remain in position on the ~o~ Figure 10). Rather than ~in~ the ~liffirult task of removing these hinge fittingc, a cavity wall s~,.. 1 120 is provided to enclose and hide s both hinge fittings 65' and corner fittings 12'. ~Sc~ 120 comrrices wall studs 122 fActenP~ .~n an c,~_.lyillg bearer 102 and floor joist 106 of the upper storey floor frame 100, and a bottom rail 124 clAmred into the bottom edge of the door opening 63.
FytçrnAl 126 and intçrnAl panels are fixed to wall studs 122 to cover over hinge fittings 65' and corner fittings 12'. A window or door frame can of course be readily fitted into the o residual opening defined by joist 106, rail 124 and ~liph~lal wall studs 122a. This is more practicable on site than ~Uelnp~ g to fix the door or window frame to the heavy gauge steel of the top and bottom rails 1 la, 1 lb.
In another variation, posts 34.36 may be repl~rP~ by or include structural panels for ~rhmPnt to the c~ ;t;..r ~, to serve as c~ ng for the co~ ;nç~ and/or to provide walls s and a structural frame for thc rest of the S~ ULC.
In cases where the contAin~- height is ~ nifir~ntly less than the road ~L~IIISpOL~ height limit, the space above the contAinçr~ or above the floor frame 100 where this is fitted, can be used to store further m~teri~lc while in transit. For this ~ul~ose, shorter posts similar to posts 34,36 can be ~imilArly ~tt~c-hed to the outside of the con~ f- and used to mount res~ ts 20 about the space above the cont~inpr. These might already carry an upper storey floor frame and might be e~t~n~lible on site by e~t~nsiol1 posts rather than replaced by full length posts.
Cargo shipping col.lAi~-r 10 may be transported in a col,~ tional manner, eg by ship, truck or train, and manipulated with cranes or fc~Llirl~. In some Arplir~tion~ o.._~,., it may be desirable to be able to move the co..l;.i..rr wi~huu~ these aids, eg at a remote site or 25 on an island with lirnited fAr-ilitiPs for land ~ spol~. Figures 18 to 20 depict a wheeled device 150 which may be ~lçtArh~bly fitted to each of the four corners of a cargo shipping co~tAinP- so that it may be moved along the ground, eg by human effort or by being towed with a small truck as rl~.picte~l in Figure 21. When the desired position is rP,achP~, a simple truck jack will be snffirient to lift the co~tAinçr for extraction of the ~I-ccled devices.
30 Device 150 includes side-flanged head 152 with a depending mast 154 ot~ c~l at its bottom end to provide a stub-axle 156 with a bearing for a ground wheel 158, typicAlly a conventional heavy~uty yi~ n~";~lir~lly tyred vehicle wheel. Mast 154 is two-part as shown to allow the wheel and axle to pivot about a vertical axis. Head 152 is ~l;...rn~;oned to fit snugly about onc side 12a of one of the cont~inçr corner fittings 12 (Figure 21), and inçlllcles a ~ n;.~g mto~h~nicm 160 to engage the convçntio~l vertically oblong &~.Lulc 162 of corner fitting 12. M~h~ni~". 160 is a two-seE;..-~l-t oblong steel and tubular shaped :jU~Slllul~ SHEET (Rule 26) W O96/30601 ~CT/AU96/0015S
device, which fnts within apc.~ul~ 162 and has a swivel head 161. Whcn turned to the position shown in Figures 18 and 20 head 161 is angular in shape and ~CO...f s ti~ d with a quarter turn. nec~ the flanges 153 of hcad 152 lap around the edges of the corner ~ fitting, no ~llo~ l is n~rm~lly possible during transit.
s In ~lt. ~ al~nge~ axle 156 may ~ ude &celly hu~ ;7~~ 1y from a~.llJrt 162, or be ~tt~nhP~ urlder the col.li.;..~r.
An embo~lim~nt of the fourth aspect of the invention will now be d~-scrihe~l with reference to Figures 22 to ~4.
In Figure 22, thiere is illustrated an inte~tional standard cargo shipping cQIlt~incr 210 o including side walls 212, 213, a roof 214, and a base 216 with forlclift slots 217. The cont~iner carries the usual cast steel corner fittings 218 by which the cont~iner may be stacked with other similar co~ or eng7~g~ for lifting or tl~s~l~ion purposes. One or both ends of Ihe co~ r- origin~lly in~ ed a pair of openable doors which define an end opening 219 of given ~.il,h~ ;...r.~jon~ but the doors have been removed for15 conversion of the C-J~ r for use in a pre-m~n~lf~ctllred transportable building system such as that disclosed above.
The sides 212, 213 and roof 214 of the cont~inrr are to be provided with an int~rn~l lining in accordance with an eml~odil~.w~l of the invention. Apart from a foam pump 220 and flexible delivery hoses 222 for delivering and injecting an eYr~n-l~ble poly~ thalle foarn, the ~ 1 working tool comrrices a conlla.;~ible body or form 230 cornrricing an eYtPrnally lined f~ame 231. The frarne 231 is formed of elo~gatPA steel cor"yonel,t~ 232 arranged to define a par-alk~ ~ s~uclul~; of .l;~..Pn~ion~ just small enough to fit Illl~ugll end Oy~l hlg 219 of c~ P- 210 and to t_en sit snugly within the co~ .~n this end opening and the oyposile end of the co~lai~r. Frame 231 is a series of square rings of 2s colllyollenls 232 hinged in the corners at 240 and at the mid-point 242 of the urright~ and of the roof components, so as to be inwardly contla.:tilWe by inward folding along the hinge lines in the "la~ er depicted in figures 23 and 24. This frame 231 is ~Yf~ ly lined with panels or plates 234 of timber, eg plywood, steel or al.l...i.-;.~,., with opposed edges of tne panels at hinge lines 242 being rebated at 236 to Al'-COl~ t~' the inward folding of the panels as the frame is cc~nLIacled.
Forrn 230 is yl~ d for its role by a wrapping the top and side panels 234 with a facing m~terial in the form of vinyl or paper sheet 250 firmly fa~tenPcl flat to the panels. This ~ facing material 250 is in due course the exposed colllyone.ll of the co,.~ r lining and is th~ chosen with this in rnind. Facing m~ten~l 250 would typically be taped onto 3s panels/plates 234.
lu~ SHEET (~ulc 26) W 096/30601 PCT/AU96/OOlS5 Form 230 is fully ~ ~ to its rect~ngvl~r con~lhic-n and may be locked in place, eg, by C~ pole :~U~ i 238, such as ~.~lo~dble and/or hydraulic rams or props which may be ~.~ n. .~lly in situ and utilised by extension to expand the frarne 231. The eYr~n~lF~l and w,~p~ed form is inserted through co~ i..F-r opening 219 and pushed on base wheels s 239 wholly into the cleared interior space of the conl~ r ne~ cr of the choice of the relative ~l;..,rhc;c)n~ of form 230. facing m~t~ri~l 250 is thereby disposed ~Aj~ce-nt the walls of the conls~ P~r and defines with the walls one or more ~-;~ F,nl cavities (not specifir~lly idF~ irlF~d). The ends of these cavities ~ r~nt cQntainFr end-ope-ning 219 are sealed by ~ . ;phf., al elongate rubber flaps 265 carried at the end of form 230. The cavities should lO preferably be around SOmm in ~l~u~ e depth, or more generally 25 to 75 mm.
When the wla~cd form 230 with its facing m~t~.ri~l 250 is fully home, the delivery hoses 222 of the foam system are fitted to ~;,pccli~c delivery ports 260 in the side walls and roof of the co~la;~ r. RYr~n-ling foam, eg a suitable polyurethane foam, is injected through these hoses into the ~- ;~lh~-nl cavities ~l~.~n the facing m~teri~l 250 and the intr.rn~l s~lrfares of the CO~ el. The foam is selecte~ to adhere to the facing m~t~.ri~l When injection is complet~YI the rams or props 239 are withdrawn or retracted so as to allow forrn 232 to co,~ away from the facing m~teri~l, which remains adhered to the foam snrfar~ The form 230 can then be withdrawn out of the cont~in~o.r for indefinite re-wl~ping and re-use to line a further containr.r. ~o~ 210 is left with an intern~l foarn-based vinyl-or paper-faced lining 250'.
Where services are required, eg power, water or gas, the nr~cs.~.,y pipes and wiring can be in~t~ll.od on the interior wall of the cc~ .r before insertion of the lining forrn 10 and the foam is then simply filled about the services. It will of course be appreciated that more ~an three ports may be ~qui~d for foam injection, espe~ ly where pipes or other services partially o~sLIuct the cavity bet~ the cQl-t~ wall and the facing m~t~ al The injection ports 260 will norm~lly be plugged, eg with .cilico~p~ after injection of the foam has been compl~tP~ and the delivery hoses ~I~Pt~hPA
The foam serves a ~seful heat insulation function for the co~ Fr~ and may also be useful in sealing other openings or breaks in the co~t~inPr walls.
30 It will also be understood that where the term "comrri.ces" or its gl~.. ~lic~l variants, is employed herein, equivalent to the terrn "includes" and is not to be taken as exc.~ ing the sence of other ek ..~ tc or featu-cs.
In some of the ~t~rhP~ drawings, the COll~ill~,.(s) and other components are shown in cimplifi~ dia~ form for ease of illustration.
:iU~Sl~ S~IEET (Rule 26)
TRANSPORTABLE BUILDING ~Y~ INCORPORATING
CARGO ~ G CONTAINER
lS Field of the Invention This invention relates to a ~ ol~ble building system incorporating one or more cargo shipping cont~intsrs by which the building components are transported prior to complete erection. The shipping cont~int-r may eg be a new purpose built coll~ .er, or may be a new or prior-used ;~ lion~l standard cargo shipping cont~cr. The invention has particular though not exclusive applir~tio~ in the delivery and erection of houses or other .ch~lt.~-c R~ round Art It is known to erect a house from a standard cargo shipping co~ .r. For çY~mrle, US
patent 4891919 ~liccloses such an ~rr~n~prn~nt in which the co.,~ ,or has hinged walls and floor panels. These panels are unfolded and then the roof and end walls, which have been 25 transported in the coll~ailler, are removed and ~cc~omhlç-1 to complete the house. Another forrn of portable shelter utili.cing a standard cargo shipping collt~in~r is disclosed in intern~tional patent publication W093/20297. In this case, the container proper forms a central zone of the house and further zones are formed along each side of the container by hinging out the floor, roof and end walls. The side wall is hinged in two portions up from 30 the floor. The portable shelter is ~u~ol~d on adjustable jack st~nds which çlimin~te the need for a fo~ln,~l~tio~ and also provide flexibility for erection of the shelter on hilly, uneven or rocky terrain. US patent 4780996 suggests rigs for raising the side walls of the co~t~in~r. US patent 5237784 discloses hinged-out side panels halves coupled to link spaced side-by-si~de C~l~tS~;"~
SUBSTITUTE SH EET (RULE 26) J~1~AI~fSe patent pllh~ tioJl (kokai) 6-73901 tlicrloses the reuse of a single shipping cQI~t~ r as a simple dwelling by providing the co~t~int r with openings for a door and windows, and with a rectangular wooden frame placed atop the col~A;l~r~l. An outer r~ lin~ of wall boards is suspGn~l~d from the frame about the conlAi..- " and ~t~rh~o-d roof s trusses support overlaid roofing boards.
US patent 4854094 ~iÇscrihes the co~ls~lu~;lioll of a house incc~ dlhlg one or more standard shipping co.-l~ ..s, i"rln~l;u~ a two-storey house with one cc...lA;..r. atop a lower storey formed from two side-by-side cont~in~rs Stacked c~ ;n .~ are also ~-~osed in ~rrm~n patent application 3208302.
o There have been a number of ~,~,posals for delivering the col"~on~n~ of a building a_ an ~csemhly ~lecigned tO be hs-nrllrA as if it is a standard cargo shipping cont~inrr. For ~Y~mr~ US patent 5447000 ~licclosçs a ~Ul~oSC built frame which includes cargo co~-lAil-~r corner fittings and houses various pand COlll~ e~ configurable on site to forrn a Sl~u-;lul~.
IS US patent 4467573 discloses a par~ of cc""~onents for an industry hall in which all parts of the building are l~lined within the ~ ;ons of an int~rn~tion~l standard cargo shipping cont~in.o-r and in which the roof support beams are arranged and i"l~..;om~ected to form the long sides of the col-t~ r.
US Patent 4635412 proposes a core with complex fold-out side walls having multiple hinged panels and a hingerlly e~rt~-n~i~ble central roof structure. The various external structural co~ ol~ents are stored within a cc..l~ r envelope but they are moved to their ..... A.~ I position in a comrl~x hin~in~ action. The core sl,u~lulal col.. lol-~-.t is a "ladder girder". US Patent 4741133, and also ~Jçrm~n utility model puh!ir~tion 8812285 both show a ccnli.;.. .-like frame with panel sides which expand or fold out in an 2s "accordion-like fashion".
US Patent 3984948 to Bussard has a "co-~l ;nr~ form" made up of ,~l~ngular co,npone.,ls which hinge out to create a cabin structure having an irregular hexagonal cross-section.
Australian patent application 71019/87 discloses a demoL~ ble building ~csçmhly inrl~ inE a wall and roof panel ~c,cr.rnhly securable to a floor assembly which is ~ rt~hle 30 to forrn one or more L.dlls~ol~ble CO~ SO that all the panels are stored in the co~t~in.o.r(s) during transport of the ~le-mount~hle building assembly.
Other background art inrludrc 13~rm~n patent applir~ticnc 2519841 and 1953109 both eseri~inE a shelter within a module ~rci~nrA as a shipping cor.~ -, British patent 2264470 (fitted out mobile laundry) (Jerm~n patent applir~tion 3302045 (m~~ r motel 3s unit) US patcnt 5285604 (field kitchen) and published French patent applir~tion 2441703.
~Uh511lUl~ SHF~T (Rule 26) In general thcse ~y~c.lls are either too simple and not readily adaptable to larger S~ lur~s.
or. in c~ are of comple~c or ~ cn~ cor.~llu~:tion, or are not s~itA~'- for ea_y erection on sit¢ by Im~bill~d labour, or involve site ~ui,~-"rl~t!~, cg power or too~
which may not be readily available. These ~liM~--ltiP~C would particularly limit the 5 ~rplir~tion of prior s~:.t~.lls where i~fl~shu~:lule was poorly developed or non~Yictr-nt The present Ar~rlir~nt is not aware of any t o~ c;al system for delivering b~ iin~s such as ~hPlt~r~ and houses in cargo cl.;l,~ , col.lA;..- -~ so that all or many parts of the buil~ing are pre~ r~-lu~d and the b~ i~ can be readily erected from and includes the co..~ er on site. Such a system would be very ben~firi~l~ in cperi~lly adapted 10 embo~ . for providing houses or chelters in remote or less developed areas, or in locations where building skills, tools or mAtrriAIc are not ea ily available. T~ o~lable b!-iklingc of this type would Iso be very useful in providing quick shelter after natural dis~l~,, such ~ cyclones and e~thq~Alc~$
One aspect of erecting a house which il~cc,ll,oratcs a ~ud&d cargo shipping cG~t~ r is the provision of _n intPrnAl dwdling :,L~Id&d lining for the wAlls of thc co.~ er. It is not practical in general to mount wallboard directly to the inttornAl surface of pre-used shipping contAin-q.rs since these s--rfaees tend to be sollle~lvllal dinted, uneven and darnaged. One a~pluach is to build an internAl cavity wall with studs and some forrn of wallboard along each side of the cor~ el. This approach also establishes a cavity for plumbing and wiring.
20 However, the inctRll~tion of studs and the pArlring of the res~lfAnt sub-frarne to allow for conls.;~-er wall ilTegularities is relatively labour-illt~ ,e and this ~p.uacll therefore tends to negate some of the ben~-fit~ sought by pre-~ r~ e of co~tAintor-based housing.
c~ of the Invention It is a general object of the invention to provide illl~JlU~ in L..~ns~l~ble building ~Y~ ls of the kind in which the erected ~LIU~LW~,iIICGIPO1~teS one or more cargo shipping CO~ by which COIII~nF -IL~ of the structure are L dr~s~l t~d prior to complete erection.
In a particulal aspect, the invention is directed to providing for the internAl lining of a contAincr in a ~l&lmcr which has application to cargo shippi~g co~ ;..F-.:" or to conl~;..Fl~
of a similar order and size, and which may I~ .C~lC be applied to transportable building 30 ~y~l~,ms il~C<jl~ld~illg one or more shipping conl~nF, i by which the buikling colllyollF-nls are transportedl prior to completF erection.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a transportable building system inrhl-ling a cargo shipping col t~ vr and a plurality of colllyonFIlLs carried in or on the col~ er, or forming part of the contAin~or. These cGlll~olle.lL~ may be reArr-Anged and/or il.te.~;o-~ F~-l.,d to 35 provide a SLIUULU1C incol~ol~ g the co~ r. Thc CO111I~O1I~ include ~ U.:IUI~1 , AdArl~ed to be stored within the cor~t~ . during ll~s~ll but to be rh~ ~ to the :jU~ V~ SIIEET (Rule 26) co.~ . in the erected ~llu~ so as to project from the co~n;~FI. The l~s~ ive Slluclulal .~ s when so ra~ ed forrn load bearing frarne colllpon~,.l~ of the :~llu~;lulc for ~u~olling further con~nr~t~ ahove the co..~ ... These sllu-;l-ual ..~....k~..:~
preferably extend ~lj7 cpnt a side wall or l~,;,~ti~re side walls of the cort~i..er and are~ preferably ~lprightc of a frame in the erected ~ u~;~ulc, cg. posts in the structure, but may ly be or include ~ lal panels.
A system accolding to the invention is adaptable in a ~.~,fc.l~,d application to provide a co~pk t~r- house erected on site from the col~t~;n~-, and col..pone.l~ tl~-s~rlcd to the site in the co~ ;"F.l. Such a conti in~.r and its contents may conslilule the whole house.
o The structural members may be fict~n~.d to the col.l~;..f.r by being atta.--h-d to its side wall(s), and/or, preferably, there may be further elongate upright ...~.u.hc,~ di~osed within and fixed to the cort~ r, and to which the ~L~u~lu~ .cl.-bcls are ~~,;,~;li~cly ;~tt~h-(l, eg with the co~t~;u~-l wall or c~ ding ~cl~.~ll. In a ~rer~.lcd arrangement, the sllu~;luidl . are posts. In the case where there are int~mi 1 further elongate upright ~r-~h~
15 these posts may serve as vertical cxtensions of the elongate upright members, thereby forrning composile posts of a frame for the erected structure, the l~s~ ,e memb~.~
having registrable a~.lu.~s by which they may be fi~tçn~l together side-by-side to forrn such composite posts, preferably with the structural m~lllber posts at the exterior of the co..~;.i..~r. .Alternntively, for example, the structural mPmhers may be received into and located in sleeves, brackets or straps ntt~ h~-d to the co..~n;~er, or may telcsco~ically engage ...~t.--hi..~ posts adapted to be fLsed to the co..~ ei.
The posts may define sets of opposed c-hQnnel tracks to receive panels serving as ~ytern ltlin~ for the cO~ l andlor as walls of the SLlu~ c.
The posts are preferably chP,rlr~d or rebated about one or more s~ ct~l cc,...ponell~ of the 25 container so that there is partial direct vertical load support by the colnponehl(s).
Preferably, a floor frame for an upper storey is su~o.lcd from said ~ uclul~l mclnl~.~
above the contninpr~ and, p-cr~l~bly, is not ~tt~rhPA directly to the contA;..f,l. A space may be provided be,t~..,CII the top of the cc,..l~;..r-l and this floor frame, to serve as a cavity for services, eg electricQl wiring and plumbing, which may be in.~t~llPd prior to l,dr.spoll or on 30 site. In some cases, eg. where the col-tQinP.r was to be moved only by truck relatively locally or at least only by land, this space, and the space above the floor, could be used to Lld~ nJI~ constructional . material, eg when o- ,ll.ead clearance re~uil~lllenl~ during Lr~lS~olL allowed this option.
In turn, the floor frame is ~le~l~bly utilised for the ~ttQf hml-nt of wall stud coll.pollents for 3s su~polling int~mQl and/or e~tPrn~l clQddin~ for the co~ r eg in the region of l~l..o~d cargo doors of the cc,..l~ r.
~UI~llUl~ SHEET (Rulc 26) W O 96/30601 PCT/AU96/OOlS5 S
The invention also provides, in a second aspect. a ,,,r!l,~l of crecting a s~u.,lu-e, inr~ ing ~l~aLillg a plurality of co.llyone~ of the structure at a f~rst site. The colllpone.lLs are placed in or on a cargo shipping c0~ el and the cont~in~-r is ~ s~Gl~d to a second site.
The colll~onellts are then re~rr~ngPIl and/or illtc.--onl.r,cl~ to provide the sLIuc~ e at the 5 second site, which :>lluClulC inc~ &~s the cc...~ r,r. The cc"~ le,nts include ~LIu~:lulàl mPlnhPrc stored within the cont~in~r during l . An.~.. L~g of the cc,~ r but f~ .nrA to the cont~inPr in the erected sLlu~;lul~ so as to extend 5~ rent a side wall or l~sp~Li~,~ side walls of the cor~ n~.r and to project from the co..l~ r.., the l~,S~CCti'~ structural ~
when so r~ u-~fA forming load bearing frame co"lpon~,.lL~ of the :.Lluclul~, for su~olLillg o further colllponents above the cont~inf~r.
The invention further provides, in a third aspect, a lla,~ L~ble b~likling system comrri~ing a cargo shipping conl ~ -,r and a plurality of CCJ111POI~I~ carried in or on the cont~inP~r~ or forming part of ~e cQnt~inçr~ which col~l~n~ may be rearranged orhlt~,.cor-nP~tP~ to provide a Sllu~;lul~ CGl~ulaling the co~tS~ r, whe-~ hl said container 15 houses a baLll~'OOlll unit AA~rteA to form a bal~uOlll in the erected structure.
Preferably, the bathroom unit is ~ r--~;onal, and may be mounted to the container, wh~,~c*y a space is formed or may be formed under or over the b~l-luolll unit to receive frame me,llbel~ for the structure disposed lon~h lAinAlly in the contAinPr. The unit may be moveable in the cont~ller to form, move or vary this space.
The bathroom unit preferably in~lu~les a unitary moulded structure ~lefining at least a floor or base and optionally a shower recess and/or bath, and all or part of side walls. One or more of a toilet Ibowl, bidet, cistern, vanity unit and plumbing fittings may be in~ Ae~ The r~mAinAPr of the side walls may be se~ ly carried in the C4..1~.;....~ for ~AttA~hmPnt on site, and/or may be det~r-l.Al,le to allow for the aÇo~...~ lion~A space under or over the 25 l~a~ unit.
In a fourth aspe,ct, the invention provides a mPtho~l of providing an intPrnAI lining for a cohtAin~l having an opening to the e"le.ior, including:
~ fitting a facing mAtpriAl about an çYrAn(1ed but cunllaclible body of a size a little smaller than an interior space of the col~t~;..- -, 30 ~ inserted the body fitted with the facing m~teri~l through said opening into said space, WL~ the facing mAtPriAI is di:,~osed AdjAc~-ll one or more walls of the co~tAinçr bounding said space, and defines with the wall(s) one or more ~fi~h~
cavities;
~ injecting a foam into said ~li~h~"~l cavity(ies), which foam is select~l to adhere to the facing m~t~ ; and SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) ~ collll~:ting said body away from the facing m~tçri~l and withdra~ g the body from the co- tAi~r through said opening;
~ wh~,.~)~ the foam and the o~ lyil~g facing m~tlo.ri~l remain in place as an internal lining of thc co~ ",r.
s The conll clible body is preferably a hingedly coll~rsihle frame of steel and/or timber frame co~nl)one"~, with a ~ .al support structure for the facing m~teri~l The support structurc may include an e~rt~m~l lining for the frame of steel plate or timber panel, for example plywood.
The facing material is preferably a thin ftt~Yihl~ m~il~m such as vinyl sheet or paper.
0 The foam is preferably an ~.Yp~n-ling foam and may be injected into the ~.i~,he,al cavity(ies) through pUl~OSC provided ports in the col~t~ r~ wall(s), which are s~se~lu~tly plugged following col~.pl~tion of injection.
The invention further provides, in its fourth aspect, a col-t~ r, for cxample a cargo shipping co-,~lel, fitted with a cc"..plrte or partial intem~l lining col"~lishlg a foarn 15 overlaid with a facing m~tt~ri~l In its fourth aspect, the invention further provides a contractible body rl;~ .n.cioned to be inserted into an interior space of a co~ r.1 having an opening to the exterior, while fully ç~cr~n~e.~ and fitted about with a facing m~t~ wh~,.~y the facing m~teri~l is disposed ~Aja~es-t one or more walls of the cont;.;..~.r boun ting said space, and defines with the 20 wall(s) one or more L~li~hc.~l cavities, which body is subsequently co"llaclible away from the facing m~t~.ri~l for willldla~val from the CQnli~h-e~ through said opening.
Again, the conl,a.:Lible body is ~,~f~,.ably a hingeAly coll~rsible frame of steel and/or timber frame co",~onellts, with a ~ h- .-1 support structure for the facing m~t~ri~t The support SllU-;lul~ may include an e~t~-~n~l lining for the frame of steel plate or timber panel, 2s for r~ lc plywood.
In the fourth aspect of the hl~cnlion, the conl~inrl may be a cargo shipping con~ r.
In some embo~i...P...tc of all four of the al~o~,~ll,elltioned aspects of the invention, the cargo shipping co~ .l is an intern~tional s~nd~d cargo shipping co~ r inr.hl-ling a load bearing frame and floor, wall and roof panels. The afc,~,lll~nlioned interior elongate 30 ~nPn.l~,:~ would norrn~lly be additional to the standard frame of the co~ i..r,r and there may be still further addi~ional elo~g~tç lll~,lnber~ disposed in the lo~gitu~lin~l direction of the cont~;nf,l. As an ;..~ lional standard cargo shipping col.l~ çl, the co..l~ r would have the usual cast steel corner fittings by which the cont~illFl could be stacked for shipping or storage.
~U~SlllUl~ SHEET (Rule 26) 7 .
By ;.. t~ ".~1ional ~ d~L~ cargo chirpir~ co.~ is meant that the co~ el meets T~t~ Alional Shipping o~ ;c ~in~ (ISO) l~qu~ e,.~ls for ~e Tl~tc...AIional Convention for Safe CO~IA;~P-~ (CSC) and the .A~f..;~ 1 Bureau of Shipping (ABS). These standards include .~u~ l.,nti~ for the size and strength of co~ u;lA~lf, sized co~ for s the prescnt p~ OSC would be those r~,f~ d to as 20 ft and 40 ft co.~lAin.-.s The frarne system of such cn.~tA.I-r..~ is a welded ~c~e-..hly of fiLYed s~u~:lu-~al stcel ~ and the ing is typically cu lu~aled sheet steel panels. As a :.~nd~ud cargo shipping cont~iner, it can be lifted with a crane or forklift as it would nnrrn~lly include forklift pockets.
In another embo~lim~nt> the corl~ ,r may comply with i.~ AI;onal standards save that 1O Cle.~.'.ht~: of the structure may protrude. Such embo~ t-c would be able to be used for domestic ~ul~oses and would then need to meet standard road ~1;,,,. l-c;onal regulations, which are typically wider and higher than for the int....s.1ional standard cargo shipping cont~inP.rs In a still further ~it.. 5.~iV~" the cargo shipping cQr.tA;.. ~r is a puL~osC built one-way IS ct~nts-inP.r and differs in si~nific~nt .~S~lS from ISO standards. For eY~mple, instead of corrugated 2 rnm gauge steel panels, it may be built in 4 m~n flat steel. This would add to the weight of the conlainer but the typical load weight of the cor.ll)ocents for a house (perhaps around 6 tonne) would be iess than the convçntion~l load weight of ISO
COll~alllel~ (eg 20 to 22 tonnes for 20 ft col-~Ai~ ), and thus the con-cnience of flat rather 20 than corrugated steel walls could be acc~ -o~l~t~d within an i-.el~,ase in the colltail~c.
weight. A single cargo access door may open up instead of out to serve, eg, as a verandah or porch roof and/or as a water tank stand.
The co..ti~;..P~ may or may not include the usual cargo access doors at one or both ends during ~ Ll. If provided, the door~s) are preferably mmlntP~l so they can be ~iet~chp~A
2s from the hinges, but preferably only from inside the co..~ Pr, thus first requiring access by unlocking nnd opening of the doors. COIII~ F-I~t~ may be provided for enclosing the hinges in se,~ lc of cavity wall. ~ ly~ the doors may be ~,novable with thehinge fitting.c, lbut the former option is more pr~ tic5~hl~P with exi-cting co~
The container preferably inrlurlec openingc in its side or end walls, advantageously defined 30 by surrounding frame ...~...he-~ incc,.~o.~l~d in the co~ i..Fr structure. Preferably, these opPnings are closed during transport by removable panel sections. These sections are preferably only removable from inside the cont~inPr.
For additional structural stability, the erected structure may be r~ A down to con~-~t~
pads or footings, inl~.hltling where desired f~ct~.ning,c such as, eg, ~iyclonic tie-down rods to 3S additionally anchor the lower corner fittings to the pads or ~uoli..gs. Normally all posts of a SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) W 096~0601 PCT/AU96/OOlSS
s~u~,tu~, requirc tie-down footings but, in this casc, tie-downs may be cc..r...~cl to the ~"ln;"r, corners and to outer ~ - ;---. trr posts.
In a fifth aspect, the invention provides a wheeled ~ s~ll device for a cargo shipping co~ ur.. c~....l.,;c;..~ a ground wheel, means to rotatably mount the ground wheel, and s means to ~let~rhA~.ly mount the device to a standard corner fitting of a cargo shipping c<,..lA;"- I. In this further aspect, the invention also extends to a cargo shipping co~t~.in~.r fitted with four of the ar~ .id devices at l~,s~cc~, cQrnlors Advantageously, the col~lA;..Pr is a cargo clljpping colltAin.~r of a tlans~ollable building system acco~LIlg to one or more of the other aspects of the invention.
0 Brief De~ llon of the I).~ p Various ~Icfc.l~,d features and clllbor~ t.~i of the invention will now be described in greater detail, with rGr~.~nce to the accoll,pall~illg drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a simple L,a,ls~ t icol~ .;c rliA~m of a llanspol~ble building system in accol~a,lce with an embor-7im~o-nt of the invention, shown in its ~ls~ condition;
IS Figure 2 is a cross-section of the cont~inrr as viewed in Figure l;
Figure 3 is an icomr.tric diagram of the corlt~.inPr, with the top ci~drling removed for illu~ purposes, showing the added intern~l post and beam arrangement;
Figure 4 is a simple diagram of part of a partially erected structure h~col~,ol~Ltillg a cargo shipping col.lA~ , showing the llloullling of load-bearing frame m~mb~rs of the structure;
20 Figure 5 is a three-r.im~-n.cional view of a partially erected ~ u-;lu~, also showing tie-downs to fo~n~l~tion pads;
Figure 6 is an i~o~rt~;r view of the frame and roof of a partially erected Sl,-7~ llG
il~col~ Lillg a pair of 20 ft. ;..tt - .~1ional s~da,.l cargo shipping co~t;~ P.,.~;
Figures 7 and 8 are views of l~s~ ItPrnAtive arrAngeln~-ntC for mounting load bearing 2s posts of the frarne to the co~ ;..e"
Figure 9 is an enla,ge.llcnt of part of Figure 8;
Figure lO is another detail, in icomptric view, of an embodiment incol~o~aling the post arrangement of Figure 7;
Figures l l and 12 are ~;,~ ly front elevational and plan views of an opening in a side 30 wall of the co~ - "
Figure 13 is a view similar to Figure 12 but showing the opening closed by a removable panel;
~iU~lllVl~ SHEET (Rule 26) W 096/30601 PCTIAU96/OOlSS
9 '~
Pigure 14 is a side view of co..~ rpirting the retc-ntion in ~O~;~;OI~ of a cut-out side wall se.L~
Figure 15 is an e nlarged se~tion~l view co~ ding to part of Figure 14, but illusllatil~g - the ~llll~lion of the cut;
Figure 16 and 17 are ~ gr~mc drpi-ting an ~ngemrnt for providing int~al wall and~ ceiling frarnes for the con~
Figures 18 and 19 are ~,.~;Li~,~, front and side elevations of a ~L~l~d Iralls~lL device of a type sl~it~blr for use with a cargo shipping c~jnl~ ;n~
Figure 20 is a transparent three-dil.. -.cional diagrarn of the device of Figures 18 and 19 lO fitted to a shipping co,.ls~;..r."
Figure 21 depi,cts the use of the device for t.~S~vlLi~g a shipping C~J~ r~ eg a transportable building system according to other aspects of the invention;
Figure 22 is an icomf~tric ~ ""~a~;r view of an initial stage in the provision of an intemal lining f'or a cargo shipping co~u~in~r in accor~lance with an embodiment of the fourth aspect of the invention, and also shows the prinrir~l c~ or~p~c used; and Figures 23 and 7,4 depict two subse.l~le-~lt stages.
Detailed DP~ n of r~ l Frnho ~ ents Figures l and 2 depict an ;..~ -..At;onal standard cargo shipping containt-,r 10, typically 20 ft long, with corrugated metal panel cl~qMing as side walls 11, a floor s~ t~ 13 including a 20 bottom rail 1 lb made up of an I-section or tubular bearer for the floor joists (not shown), and a roof 17 lx,l.. ~,1 a rectangular tube top rails 1 la. The cc,~ is further fitted with standard cast corner fittings 12 çn~gea~le to manipulate the CO~ 5~, a pair of cargo access doors 14 at one or both ends of the cG..I;.;.~rr, and forklift slots ~0 in the con~ rri ~ floor :~llu~;tu~c 13. Fittings 12 are often referred to as "corner cS~cting.c~ and farilhat~
25 st~rking, and hantlling of the co~t~in~r.
Disposed within one end of the co.-l;.i..~.i is a ~l.,ra~licated ba~ unit 16 which is o~ anld located so that it may be lifted to provide a storage space 18 l~n~le~rne~th Also carried wilthin the container are pre-~rc~ d, eg pre-cut, compone,lls of the structure to be erected from and in~ ing the cc,~ i..r,r. These colll~ol,e.l~s include elongate frame I"r.nlhel~ 20, eg posts 30 and s~u~i~ulal lllelllb~,l, such as posts 34,36, and c~ ing and roofing panels such as corrugated metal sheets 22. Frame ~-~r~k;~:~ 20 may be eg timber bearns, square rnetal tubes, C or H section steel beams or otll~,. wise as desired. The longer of the frarnc ~r~h,~, for ~ -~r, 'e l1Q~ 1 bearns of a s~hseqllent frame or central ridge posts to :~U~J~Ol~ the :~ubse.lu~ roof, would typically extend into space 18. Other ~U~ ul~ S~E~T (Rule 26) W 096/30601 PCTIAU96/OOlS5 co~ ~r.~ x such as windows, doors, roof trusses and the like may also be stored within the c~..lAi--f.r. Such co~nl~n~-r.t~ rnight include a coll~rcible water tank made in a plastics or rubber m~itt-.r-~l. This tank could be infl~tçA with air to take up any slack within the cf-l.lAi..rr and to ll~e.~L~ clamp the other ec,~..po~ and ...;--;...ice or prevent their S ~o~c~ l in transit.
Conve.~i~ntly, the stored COlll~l1f.llS of the :~I1U~;IU1G are letahlfd in the CO~ r on pallets 21 by which the colllpollc.l~ may be placed on and e~- cted from the cont~in~r. If desired, the longer frame Ille.ll~c.s may be placed in the floor under the pallets.
The bathroom unit 16 inr~ es~ inter alia and optionally, a toilet and cistem unit 24 and a o vanity unit 26. The ba~ olll unit is preferably an integral housing in fibreglass reinforced plastic flefinin?~ side walls 28 and end wall 29 and a floor 27.
C-o..t~it.Fl 10 would typically also include intfern~l lining,c, fittings and windows so that it conctitutfe~ a pre-f~ri~ted living space ready or partially ready for occ~ tion. In one approach, (Figures 16 and 17), pre-fabricated side wall modules 140 include frame structures and pre-fitted plumbing and wiring, and support in the cont~iinçr a ceiling module 142 which fits atop and is s.l~olled by the wall modules at each side. These wall modules are closely ~ ent to the side walls of the container, as clearly seen in Figure 17.
The corit~iiner may be an çYicting cargo shipping corit~infr converted for the present purpose, for example one nearing the end of its useful life, or it may be a new cor~t~iinf~r manufactured for this purpose but so as to meet i~ ional cargo shipping corit~iiner standards. In other em~o~ f--.lx, the cont~inPr might not meet ;.~lf ~ ional standards but would ~.e~c.tLbly at least satisfy d~ me,ctir road tl~u~S~Gll I~UilG.ll~..ll~.
When the shipping col.tn;.-f,. 10 reaches the site at which the ~ c~ul~ is to be erected, which site rnay be, for çY~mrLf, on an island several thouc~in~s kilomptres from the factory 2s site in which the cclll~ollGnls of the system are ~ ,paled and loaded into the corl~ J, u~;lul~,s such as those shown partially co~mr!fte~ in Figures 4 and 7 may be readily formed from the pre~ ,d colll~onc,.lls provided within the co..ln;l-r.r. One arr~n~e-mf-nt for mounting the structural frame to the cont~in~r is ~epirte~i in Figures 3 and 4. Interior posts 30 fixed, eg by screws, wedging, adhesive or welding, to the cont~iinçr side wall c~ in~ are disposed at spaced intervals on the inside of the col.ln;.~,r and are in turn inte~o~nçclerl in the top corners of the cont~inPr by longit~l~in~lly eYt~nrling beams 32.
These beams 32 serve as lintels where openings are formed, as described later. At the erection site, :jllU~;IUl;~ f.l~hCl:~ such as ridge posts 34 and ~ ;...f-t~r- posts 36 are f~ct~.n~.d in pairs ~dj~lrc~ s~ ., cQrnrl-mrnt~ry interior posts 30 by bolting the posts together at spaced l~ .~ a~.lul~s 38 with ~pr~pliate fhslen--:, 39. Posts 34, 36 lie on the outside of the cont~inp~rt but the co,~ c~ Aing is located between the posts of each SIJ~S111 u 1~ St7FFT (~WC 2~) W 096~0601 PCTIAU96/OOlSS
pair. To avoid clrilling on site, a~c,lu.~s would typically be pre-formed in thc posts and in the cont~;~.f r rlnAtlil~, or other co...l~Qn~ nl~, These ar~nE~ nlx provide cG...l~c;~ posts 45 for the rçslllt~nt frame 40, which may be ~ cc.. plet~d with other frame ~ such as upper l-n.;,nl~ bearns 41 (Pigure 5) and s roof trusses or r,afters 42 (Figure 4). The frame 40 su~ and defines a lower storey 40a ~ illCGI~ g cc~ .nr.l 10 and an upper storey 40b above the cont~ . The frame need not be provided with st~lmrs~ rOO~ or fo!ln~io~ pads but these can of course be inrl~ded if desired, as shown in Figure 5. This drawing shows fo!ln~l~tion pads 80 with tie-downs 82 for the ~ c bottom corner fittings 12.
0 Figure 6 illustrates a simple ~lliltlin~ frame in which a mllltirlicity of posts 34,36 are secured to a pair of spaccd ~ld~.l cargo shipping COl~li ;n l;~ lOa, lOb. These posts, and the panels of thle roof rl~ ljn~ 44, have of course been retrieved from the interiors of the co..~ on sif~.e.
Posts 34,36 may, for ~ . be timbcr beams or squarc tubular stecl posts, or of any 15 other suit~hle form.
Figure 7 details an çn~ omlont ~ ,C,ll a timber post 34' and a typical co..~ r with lighter gauge corrugated steel side r~ ling 11' and heavier gauge top and bottom rails 1 la, 1 lb of rect~n~ r-tube steel. As already noted, bottom rails 1 lb may be I-section bearns.
The post is preferably rh~or~A or rebated at 90,92 about the top rail 1 la' and at the top edge of bottom rail 1 lb', and is bolted to the rl~(lAing and to a co.l~ e~ interior post 30 (not visible in Figure 7) at spaced locations 38'. Rebates 90,92 ensure that the post is flush against the rl~~ in~ and provide for the posts to partially seat on the rails 1 la', 1 lb' and thus for the :.~u~ulal load to be at least partially :.u~ ,d vertically on these rails.
In general, it may not be strictly n~eCc ~ to provide interior posts 30 with cach s~ clulal post 34,36. Th,e steel walls of ISO CG~~~ are believed to ~nrr~lly be sllffiri~ntly structnr~lly strong for posts 34,36 to be simply bolted to the walls of the co.~ r. In such a simplified ~.~ ge~ , the nuts for the l~ re bolts would con~elller~ be welded into position on the cont~iner walls about pre-cut holes for the bolts. An inside frame would typically still be provided to support interior lining.
Timber posts would preferably include lo~git~rlin~lly eyt~-nrlinE ~f~OVc5 3~ (Figure 7) to slidably receive c~ rling sheets, eg wallboard, profiled p~nrlling, kraft board, for facing the cQr~ el~ and cl~drli~g or lining the ~lluclul.,.
In a further emborlim~-nt, the posts may be C-, H- or el~ mC1 section steel posts defining opposed chs~l~..r.l tracks to receive panels to provide ~Yt~~m~l c~ lin~ for the cOn~
35 and/or walls, elrt~m~l or internal, for the upper storcy or C~t~ ~dPCl areaS of the lower storey.
lllUl~- SH~T (RU1C 26~
W O96/30601 PCT/AU96/OOlSS
Such panels would ~f~,.dbly be of light-weight m~te.ri~l and would typically be stored in the co~t~in~r during ~ s~l~.
With either of these adaptations, it can be seen that suitably pre-~imrncioned posts 34.36 and nc$oci~ slidably mo~mt~d sheets or panels carried in the col~t~ rr can be employed s to enclose or cffectively wrap up the co~ r within a structure on site, using pre-r~ ;ci-tr Cl colll~onen~s and very simple pl~ ul~,S, and without any need on site to drill the thick steel typical of the con~ , or to use either skilled labour or special tools.
A further ~Ito~n~tive to the post fixing ~ng~mPnt of Figures 3 to 5 and that of Figure 7 is depicted in Figure 8 and 9. In this arr~ngemlo-nt, interior posts 30" are square tubes and the lO eYt~rn~l projecting frame colnpone~,ts 34",36" telescopically engage, and are f~ct~n~d to, tubes 30". Of course, posts 30 might be instead received by posts 34,36. Instead of tubes 30", posts 34", 36" rnight ~ltern~tively engage ...~lc~ sleeves, blac~ or straps on the col~tail.Gr.
Posts 34,36 may also advantageously support a frame for the upper storey floor, indepentlto-ntly of and clear of the cont~iner. This feature is flepict~ in Figure 10, in which a timber bearer 102 of the upper storey floor frame 100 is çh~o-c~ l into and fastened to a transverse groove 104 of each of several posts 34,36: one only such mounting is illustrated.
The floor joists 106 are in turn secured to the bearers. The weight of bearers 102 and joists 106 is not directly borne by the top of container 10 and indeed the shallow space 108 b l~een the joists and co~t~iner roof 17 can be used as a cavity for services, eg electrical wiring and plumbing, which may be inct~ ocl prior to ~ans~o.l or on site. In some cases this space, and the space above the floor, could be used to l-~ls~ constructional m~tt-ri~lc eg when o~_,LGad ckal~cc l~quilemell~s during L~s~lL allowed this option.
The avoiri~n-~e of any need to directly attach the upper storey floor frame to the cor.t;~ r avoids any l~uile-ll~ to weld or drill the con~ on site for this purpose, an i practical point.
In the embo~iim~nt of Figure 10, the upper storey floor frame 100 may be employed to brace and straighten the roof panel of the underlying cont~in~r. For ex~mple, one or more lollgitu-lin~lly extentling battens (not shown) may be placed under joists 106 be~.. cGn and parallel to bearers 102. There is a residual gap bc~ ell the col~ .Pl roof and the joists because corner fittings 12' protrude above the roof, and the batten thic~nesc would be chosen to neatly fit this gap. The roof panel(s) of the cont~iner is then f~ct~on.od, eg with nails, to this batten, and through the batten to the joists. Such an arr~ngem~o~t is a simple ~ and err~;~ , way of fixing and fl~tt~ning the co.~ roof, which is often rather battered, warped or caved in after prolonged use of a shipping co~ i..er.
SUBSTITUTE SHEEl (RULE 26) -W O96/30601 PCT~AU9C/OOIS5 Typically, provision will have been made in the co~tA;~ for one or more op ning~ in the side walls of the corlt~iner. This can be e-ffecteA. in the ll~mGl shown in Figures 11-13, in which the side c~ nf~ 11 snd frame of the cc,~ has been ~ o~,cd ~I~..~en the floor and roof of the cont~ r to define an opening 50. The opening is d ~fin~ and reinforced by s a surrounding frame forrned by l~t~;liVu ones 30a, 30b of the interior posts 30, bottom rail 1 lb, and a portion of one of the lon~itll~lin~lly eytpn~ling top rails 1 la which here in part provides a lintel 32a for the openin~ (Figure 11). Opening 50 may in~ol~olale a window or door or may be ~esig~p~A for this ~ul~ose. For ~ L, the opening is closed by a removable ¢orrugated metal panel 54 (Figure 13) f~CtPn-'A to posts 30a, 30b and/or to o the co~t~inPr wall, preferably using a co~re~led fixing to prevent ~ g On erection of a structure on site, this panel 54 is ~ o-,cd and the eYtPrior frame support posts 34,36 f~ctPneA into place (Figure 12).
Panel 54 may be attachP~l to the cont~inPr ~l~Ming 11 by mlllti, 1(.~ angular joining plates 56 which are welded or otLe.~ise fixed ~o cladAin~ 11 at 57 (Figure 13) and 5~ttslrhed to panel 54 by r~ 58 which can only be removed from the inside of the cont~ r. This reduces the risk that the cnnt~iner conte.,~ will be il.te.r~ ,d with during transit by removal of panel 54. Joining plates 56 can be also removed on site if n~ess~.y.
A method of forming opening 50 at the factory site, without removing the cut-out panel segmPnt, is illustrated in Figures 14 and 15. The intt~A~d line of cut is first covered, on at least two sides of the opening, with a linear cap 130 which is pop-riveted at 132 at regular intervals along each side of the line of cut. The container metal cl~clAing is then cut through but the tool (135) setting is finely set so that the cap 130 is not cut. A separate panel 136 remains in place, l~,~illed by the riveted cap. I-ll~o,~l~ly, the cut-out panel remains accul~tely in position, and the problem of ~ ning a l.,.llov~d panel s~ is elimin~teA
25 The cut is now filled with se~l~nt, eg a sui~ble silicont~ coln~vulld, and the factory task is coI..pIel~. At the erection site, an a~lv~liale simple tool can be used to break all of the pop rivets 132 and ILe.~y l~l,ovc cap 130 and panel 136 to clear the opening. Along the bottom of the opening the cut may be con~,.,niently located a little above the floor level, as at 51 in Figures 11 and 14, and a step down from eg. a wet arëa floor, thereby provided.
As m~tion~ int~ tional standard cargo shipping col~tA;.Ir-,~ typically include a pair of cargo access doors 14, with a c~lctQmc seal arrangement, forming one end of the cont~insr.
These doors may be removed at the factory and repI~eecl with an end panel but this may not always be practical and indeed will not be permiccibko where the system is to bell~ls~v,led as an i..t~ ional standard cargo shipping cc~ . RepI~e-m~ont of the doors may in part be il"~ ;lical becA~.~e the hinge ~rcl~nic~ is a welded section and cannot be easily and econnmi~IIy r~.,lGv~,d. To allow l~ ce-~r-nt of the doorc on site, where heavy cutting cq.~ r .~ may not be available, the welded ~tt~ t of the doors to their hinges 'U~ Vl~ SBET (Rule 26) W O96/30601 PCTIAU96/OOlS5 may be cut away, the parts re drilled and the welds .~ by l~lLl~)v~lc bolts. The doors may then be tle~ l.r.~l on site by removal of these bolts wh~ pon hinge fifflngs 65' remain in position on the ~o~ Figure 10). Rather than ~in~ the ~liffirult task of removing these hinge fittingc, a cavity wall s~,.. 1 120 is provided to enclose and hide s both hinge fittings 65' and corner fittings 12'. ~Sc~ 120 comrrices wall studs 122 fActenP~ .~n an c,~_.lyillg bearer 102 and floor joist 106 of the upper storey floor frame 100, and a bottom rail 124 clAmred into the bottom edge of the door opening 63.
FytçrnAl 126 and intçrnAl panels are fixed to wall studs 122 to cover over hinge fittings 65' and corner fittings 12'. A window or door frame can of course be readily fitted into the o residual opening defined by joist 106, rail 124 and ~liph~lal wall studs 122a. This is more practicable on site than ~Uelnp~ g to fix the door or window frame to the heavy gauge steel of the top and bottom rails 1 la, 1 lb.
In another variation, posts 34.36 may be repl~rP~ by or include structural panels for ~rhmPnt to the c~ ;t;..r ~, to serve as c~ ng for the co~ ;nç~ and/or to provide walls s and a structural frame for thc rest of the S~ ULC.
In cases where the contAin~- height is ~ nifir~ntly less than the road ~L~IIISpOL~ height limit, the space above the contAinçr~ or above the floor frame 100 where this is fitted, can be used to store further m~teri~lc while in transit. For this ~ul~ose, shorter posts similar to posts 34,36 can be ~imilArly ~tt~c-hed to the outside of the con~ f- and used to mount res~ ts 20 about the space above the cont~inpr. These might already carry an upper storey floor frame and might be e~t~n~lible on site by e~t~nsiol1 posts rather than replaced by full length posts.
Cargo shipping col.lAi~-r 10 may be transported in a col,~ tional manner, eg by ship, truck or train, and manipulated with cranes or fc~Llirl~. In some Arplir~tion~ o.._~,., it may be desirable to be able to move the co..l;.i..rr wi~huu~ these aids, eg at a remote site or 25 on an island with lirnited fAr-ilitiPs for land ~ spol~. Figures 18 to 20 depict a wheeled device 150 which may be ~lçtArh~bly fitted to each of the four corners of a cargo shipping co~tAinP- so that it may be moved along the ground, eg by human effort or by being towed with a small truck as rl~.picte~l in Figure 21. When the desired position is rP,achP~, a simple truck jack will be snffirient to lift the co~tAinçr for extraction of the ~I-ccled devices.
30 Device 150 includes side-flanged head 152 with a depending mast 154 ot~ c~l at its bottom end to provide a stub-axle 156 with a bearing for a ground wheel 158, typicAlly a conventional heavy~uty yi~ n~";~lir~lly tyred vehicle wheel. Mast 154 is two-part as shown to allow the wheel and axle to pivot about a vertical axis. Head 152 is ~l;...rn~;oned to fit snugly about onc side 12a of one of the cont~inçr corner fittings 12 (Figure 21), and inçlllcles a ~ n;.~g mto~h~nicm 160 to engage the convçntio~l vertically oblong &~.Lulc 162 of corner fitting 12. M~h~ni~". 160 is a two-seE;..-~l-t oblong steel and tubular shaped :jU~Slllul~ SHEET (Rule 26) W O96/30601 ~CT/AU96/0015S
device, which fnts within apc.~ul~ 162 and has a swivel head 161. Whcn turned to the position shown in Figures 18 and 20 head 161 is angular in shape and ~CO...f s ti~ d with a quarter turn. nec~ the flanges 153 of hcad 152 lap around the edges of the corner ~ fitting, no ~llo~ l is n~rm~lly possible during transit.
s In ~lt. ~ al~nge~ axle 156 may ~ ude &celly hu~ ;7~~ 1y from a~.llJrt 162, or be ~tt~nhP~ urlder the col.li.;..~r.
An embo~lim~nt of the fourth aspect of the invention will now be d~-scrihe~l with reference to Figures 22 to ~4.
In Figure 22, thiere is illustrated an inte~tional standard cargo shipping cQIlt~incr 210 o including side walls 212, 213, a roof 214, and a base 216 with forlclift slots 217. The cont~iner carries the usual cast steel corner fittings 218 by which the cont~iner may be stacked with other similar co~ or eng7~g~ for lifting or tl~s~l~ion purposes. One or both ends of Ihe co~ r- origin~lly in~ ed a pair of openable doors which define an end opening 219 of given ~.il,h~ ;...r.~jon~ but the doors have been removed for15 conversion of the C-J~ r for use in a pre-m~n~lf~ctllred transportable building system such as that disclosed above.
The sides 212, 213 and roof 214 of the cont~inrr are to be provided with an int~rn~l lining in accordance with an eml~odil~.w~l of the invention. Apart from a foam pump 220 and flexible delivery hoses 222 for delivering and injecting an eYr~n-l~ble poly~ thalle foarn, the ~ 1 working tool comrrices a conlla.;~ible body or form 230 cornrricing an eYtPrnally lined f~ame 231. The frarne 231 is formed of elo~gatPA steel cor"yonel,t~ 232 arranged to define a par-alk~ ~ s~uclul~; of .l;~..Pn~ion~ just small enough to fit Illl~ugll end Oy~l hlg 219 of c~ P- 210 and to t_en sit snugly within the co~ .~n this end opening and the oyposile end of the co~lai~r. Frame 231 is a series of square rings of 2s colllyollenls 232 hinged in the corners at 240 and at the mid-point 242 of the urright~ and of the roof components, so as to be inwardly contla.:tilWe by inward folding along the hinge lines in the "la~ er depicted in figures 23 and 24. This frame 231 is ~Yf~ ly lined with panels or plates 234 of timber, eg plywood, steel or al.l...i.-;.~,., with opposed edges of tne panels at hinge lines 242 being rebated at 236 to Al'-COl~ t~' the inward folding of the panels as the frame is cc~nLIacled.
Forrn 230 is yl~ d for its role by a wrapping the top and side panels 234 with a facing m~terial in the form of vinyl or paper sheet 250 firmly fa~tenPcl flat to the panels. This ~ facing material 250 is in due course the exposed colllyone.ll of the co,.~ r lining and is th~ chosen with this in rnind. Facing m~ten~l 250 would typically be taped onto 3s panels/plates 234.
lu~ SHEET (~ulc 26) W 096/30601 PCT/AU96/OOlS5 Form 230 is fully ~ ~ to its rect~ngvl~r con~lhic-n and may be locked in place, eg, by C~ pole :~U~ i 238, such as ~.~lo~dble and/or hydraulic rams or props which may be ~.~ n. .~lly in situ and utilised by extension to expand the frarne 231. The eYr~n~lF~l and w,~p~ed form is inserted through co~ i..F-r opening 219 and pushed on base wheels s 239 wholly into the cleared interior space of the conl~ r ne~ cr of the choice of the relative ~l;..,rhc;c)n~ of form 230. facing m~t~ri~l 250 is thereby disposed ~Aj~ce-nt the walls of the conls~ P~r and defines with the walls one or more ~-;~ F,nl cavities (not specifir~lly idF~ irlF~d). The ends of these cavities ~ r~nt cQntainFr end-ope-ning 219 are sealed by ~ . ;phf., al elongate rubber flaps 265 carried at the end of form 230. The cavities should lO preferably be around SOmm in ~l~u~ e depth, or more generally 25 to 75 mm.
When the wla~cd form 230 with its facing m~t~.ri~l 250 is fully home, the delivery hoses 222 of the foam system are fitted to ~;,pccli~c delivery ports 260 in the side walls and roof of the co~la;~ r. RYr~n-ling foam, eg a suitable polyurethane foam, is injected through these hoses into the ~- ;~lh~-nl cavities ~l~.~n the facing m~teri~l 250 and the intr.rn~l s~lrfares of the CO~ el. The foam is selecte~ to adhere to the facing m~t~.ri~l When injection is complet~YI the rams or props 239 are withdrawn or retracted so as to allow forrn 232 to co,~ away from the facing m~teri~l, which remains adhered to the foam snrfar~ The form 230 can then be withdrawn out of the cont~in~o.r for indefinite re-wl~ping and re-use to line a further containr.r. ~o~ 210 is left with an intern~l foarn-based vinyl-or paper-faced lining 250'.
Where services are required, eg power, water or gas, the nr~cs.~.,y pipes and wiring can be in~t~ll.od on the interior wall of the cc~ .r before insertion of the lining forrn 10 and the foam is then simply filled about the services. It will of course be appreciated that more ~an three ports may be ~qui~d for foam injection, espe~ ly where pipes or other services partially o~sLIuct the cavity bet~ the cQl-t~ wall and the facing m~t~ al The injection ports 260 will norm~lly be plugged, eg with .cilico~p~ after injection of the foam has been compl~tP~ and the delivery hoses ~I~Pt~hPA
The foam serves a ~seful heat insulation function for the co~ Fr~ and may also be useful in sealing other openings or breaks in the co~t~inPr walls.
30 It will also be understood that where the term "comrri.ces" or its gl~.. ~lic~l variants, is employed herein, equivalent to the terrn "includes" and is not to be taken as exc.~ ing the sence of other ek ..~ tc or featu-cs.
In some of the ~t~rhP~ drawings, the COll~ill~,.(s) and other components are shown in cimplifi~ dia~ form for ease of illustration.
:iU~Sl~ S~IEET (Rule 26)
Claims (42)
1. A transportable building system including a cargo shipping container and a plurality of components carried in or on the container, or forming part of the container, which components may be rearranged and/or interconnected to provide astructure incorporating the container, wherein said components include structural members adapted to be stored within the container during transport but to be fastened to said container in the erected structure so as to project from the container, the respective structural members when so fastened forming load bearing frame components of the structure for supporting further components above the container.
2. A transportable building system according to claim 1 wherein said structural members extend adjacent a side wall or respective side walls of the container.
3. A transportable building system according to claim 1 or 2 wherein said structural members are uprights of a frame in the erected structure.
4. A transportable building system according to claim 1,2 or 3 wherein said structural members are posts in the erected structure.
5. A transportable building system according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said structural members are or include structural panels.
6. A transportable building system according to any preceding claim wherein the erected structure is a house.
7. A transportable building system according to any preceding claim wherein the structural members are fastened to the container by being attached to its side wall(s).
8. A transportable building system according to any preceding claim including elongate upright members disposed within and fixed to the container, and to which the structural members are respectively attached.
9. A transportable building system according to claim 8 wherein a respective side wall of the container is disposed between said structural members and said elongate upright members.
10. A transportable building system according to claim 8 or 9 wherein said structural members are posts that serve as vertical extensions of said elongate upright members, thereby forming composite posts of a frame for the erected structure.
11. A transportable building system according to claim 10 wherein the respectivemembers have registrable apertures by which they may be fastened together side-by-side to form said composite posts.
12. A transportable building system according to claim 11 wherein the structural member posts are at the exterior of the container.
13. A transportable building system according to any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein the structural members are received into and located in sleeves, brackets or straps attached to the container.
14. A transportable building system according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the structural members telescopically engage matching posts adapted to be fixed to the container.
15. A transportable building system according to any preceding claim wherein thestructural members are posts and define sets of opposed channel tracks to receive panels serving as external cladding for the container and/or as walls of the structure.
16. A transportable building system according to a preceding claim wherein the structural members are checked or rebated about one or more selected components of the container so that there is partial direct vertical load support by the component(s).
17. A transportable building system according to any preceding claim, further including a floor and/or a floor frame for an upper storey supported from said structural members above the container.
18. A transportable building system according to claim 17 wherein a space is provided between the top of the container and said floor frame, to serve as a cavity for services installed prior to transport or on site.
19. A transportable building system according to claim 17 or 18 wherein said floor frame is utilised for the attachment of wall stud components for supporting internal and/or external cladding for the container.
20. A transportable building system according to any preceding claim wherein said components further include wall modules and a ceiling module for the interior ofthe container, the ceiling module being supported by the wall modules.
21. A transportable building system including a cargo shipping container or and a plurality of components carried in or on the container, forming part of the container, which components may be rearranged and/or interconnected to provide a structure incorporating the container, wherein said container houses a bathroom unit adapted to form a bathroom in the erected structure.
22. A transportable building system according to claim 21 wherein the bathroom unit is dimensioned, and is mounted to the container, whereby a space is formed under orover the bathroom unit to receive frame members for the structure disposed longitudinally in the container.
23. A transportable building system according to claim 21 or 22 wherein the bathroom unit includes a unitary moulded structure defining at least a floor or base and optionally a shower recess and/or bath, and all or part of side walls.
24. A transportable building system according to any preceding claim wherein thecargo shipping container is an international standard cargo shipping container including a floor, wall and roof panels, and corner fittings to facilitate stacking and handling of the container.
25. A transportable building system according to any preceding claim, including one or more door(s) mounted so they can be detached from the hinges, but preferably only from inside the container, thus first requiring access by unlocking and opening of the doors.
26. A transportable building system according to claim 25 further including components for enclosing the hinges in segments of cavity wall.
27. A transportable building system according to any preceding claim wherein thecontainer includes openings in its side or end walls which are closed during transport by removable panel sections.
28. A transportable building system according to claim 27 wherein the said sections are only removable from inside the container.
29. A wheeled transport device for a cargo shipping container including a groundwheel, means to rotatably mount the ground wheel, and means to detachably mount the device to a standard corner fitting of a cargo shipping container.
30. A method of erecting a structure, including preparing a plurality of components of the structure at a first site;
placing said components in or on a cargo shipping container and transporting thecontainer to a second site;
rearranging and/or interconnecting the components to provide said structure at said second site, which structure incorporates the container;
wherein said components include structural member stored within the container during said transporting of the container but fastened to said container in the erected structure so as to extend adjacent a side wall or respective side walls of the container and to project from the container, the respective structural members when so fastened forming load bearing frame components of the structure for supporting further components above the container.
placing said components in or on a cargo shipping container and transporting thecontainer to a second site;
rearranging and/or interconnecting the components to provide said structure at said second site, which structure incorporates the container;
wherein said components include structural member stored within the container during said transporting of the container but fastened to said container in the erected structure so as to extend adjacent a side wall or respective side walls of the container and to project from the container, the respective structural members when so fastened forming load bearing frame components of the structure for supporting further components above the container.
31. A method according to claim 30 further including forming an opening in a panel of the container by fastening a linear cap over a line of cut for the opening and cutting the panel along or adjacent the line so as not to cut through the cap, which hereby retains the cut out panel segment in place until removed.
32. A structure erected by the method according to claim 30 or 31.
33. A method of providing an internal lining for a container having an opening to the exterior, including:
. fitting a facing material about an expanded but contractible body of a size a little smaller than an interior space of the container;
. inserting the body fitted with the facing material through said opening into said space, whereby the facing material is disposed adjacent one or more walls of the container bounding said space, and defines with the wall(s) one or more peripheral cavities;
. injecting a foam into said peripheral cavity(ies), which foam is selected to adhere to the facing material: and . contracting said body away from the facing material and withdrawing the body from the container through said opening;
. whereby the foam and the overlying facing material remain in place as an internal lining of the container.
. fitting a facing material about an expanded but contractible body of a size a little smaller than an interior space of the container;
. inserting the body fitted with the facing material through said opening into said space, whereby the facing material is disposed adjacent one or more walls of the container bounding said space, and defines with the wall(s) one or more peripheral cavities;
. injecting a foam into said peripheral cavity(ies), which foam is selected to adhere to the facing material: and . contracting said body away from the facing material and withdrawing the body from the container through said opening;
. whereby the foam and the overlying facing material remain in place as an internal lining of the container.
34. A method according to claim 33 wherein said contractible body is a hingedlycollapsible frame of steel and/or timber frame components, with a peripheral support structure for the facing material
35. A method according to claim 34 wherein said support structure includes an external lining for the frame of steel plate or timber panel.
36. A method according to claim 33, 34 or 35 wherein said facing material is a thin flexible medium.
37. A method according to any one of claims 33 to 36 wherein said foam is an expanding foam injected into the peripheral cavity(ies) through purpose provided ports in the container wall(s), which are subsequently plugged following completion of injection.
38. A container fitted with a complete or partial internal lining comprising a foam overlaid with a facing material.
39. A container according to claim 38 wherein said container is a cargo shipping container.
40. A contractible body dimensioned to be inserted into an interior space of a container having an opening to the exterior, while fully expanded and fitted about with a facing material, whereby the facing material is disposed adjacent one or more walls of the container bounding said space, and defines with the wall(s) one or more peripheral cavities, which body is subsequently contractible away form the facing material for withdrawal from the container through said opening.
41. A contractible body according to claim 40 wherein said contractible body is a hingedly collapsible frame of steel and/or timber frame components, with a peripheral support structure for the facing material.
42. A contractible body according to claim 40 or 41 wherein said container is a cargo shipping container.
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPN1928 | 1995-03-24 | ||
| AUPN1928A AUPN192895A0 (en) | 1995-03-24 | 1995-03-24 | Transportable building system incorporating cargo shipping container |
| AUPN3293 | 1995-06-01 | ||
| AUPN3293A AUPN329395A0 (en) | 1995-06-01 | 1995-06-01 | Transportable building system incorporating cargo shipping container |
| AUPN4797 | 1995-08-16 | ||
| AUPN4797A AUPN479795A0 (en) | 1995-08-16 | 1995-08-16 | Transportable building system incorporating cargo shipping container |
| AUPN7022 | 1995-12-08 | ||
| AUPN7022A AUPN702295A0 (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1995-12-08 | Internally lining a container |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2215704A1 true CA2215704A1 (en) | 1996-10-03 |
Family
ID=27424388
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2215704 Abandoned CA2215704A1 (en) | 1995-03-24 | 1996-03-22 | Transportable building system incorporating cargo shipping container |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0817893A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH11502909A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1183128A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR001422A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2215704A1 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ303106A (en) |
| TW (1) | TW363646U (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996030601A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH692990A5 (en) * | 1998-09-03 | 2003-01-15 | Guenter Tesch | Building comprising containers uses overseas containers arranged as side walls to surround large container-free area |
| WO2004076762A1 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2004-09-10 | Henrik Lambreth | A method and components for erecting a building |
| DE102004011740B4 (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2006-03-16 | Kurt Brandt | Stabiliser coupling for modular building cell has upper and lower lugs to fit into modular frame tubes and with spherical recesses to receive fixing screws |
| US7762025B2 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2010-07-27 | Modular Security Systems, Inc. | Containerized access control system |
| FR2891810B1 (en) * | 2005-10-11 | 2010-08-13 | Walter Sas | PROTECTIVE STRUCTURE FOR CONTAINER |
| DE102006028752B3 (en) | 2006-06-20 | 2008-03-06 | Bernd Nützel | Demountable building |
| US7823338B2 (en) | 2007-04-10 | 2010-11-02 | Modular Security Systems, Inc. | Modular access control system |
| US8186110B2 (en) | 2008-07-23 | 2012-05-29 | James E Green | Transportable, modular, self contained shipping container building |
| BRPI0918934A2 (en) * | 2008-09-18 | 2016-07-19 | Ekco Patent & Ip Holdings Pty Ltd | unified building system |
| FR2948389B1 (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2011-12-09 | Fou Chin Vuong | WOODEN DEVICE, WATERPROOF, TRANSPORTABLE, COMPRISING A SPACE VOLUME COMPOSED OF THERMO ACOUSTIC WALLS, FOR ARRANGEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL SPACES AND TRANSPORT |
| GB2476102A (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-15 | Key Housing Ltd | Transportable modular building construction system |
| US8595988B2 (en) | 2010-03-25 | 2013-12-03 | Rodrigo GRAF FERNANDEZ | Construction method and system with containers |
| KR101056470B1 (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2011-08-11 | 진우건철(주) | Mobile home is equipped solar panels |
| AU2013100359B4 (en) | 2012-07-11 | 2013-11-28 | 1Space Pty Ltd | Modular Building |
| EP2874915A4 (en) * | 2012-07-23 | 2016-01-27 | Jointainer Llc | Modifiable containers and interconnectors |
| JP2014114644A (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2014-06-26 | Syusei Co Ltd | Building |
| EP2910711B1 (en) | 2014-02-24 | 2020-11-04 | Caterpillar Energy Solutions GmbH | Assembly comprising an engine |
| CN106460383B (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2019-09-06 | 萨顿·尼尔 | Using can upright shielding module residential system |
| EP3018320A1 (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2016-05-11 | Frerk Aggregatebau GmbH | Modular housing for a power supply device |
| DE102015010391B4 (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2017-06-22 | Wolfgang Bußmann | Container Roller |
| DE202015006469U1 (en) | 2015-09-18 | 2015-12-21 | Ivonne Krauthöfer | Installation kit for a standard transport container |
| EP3276099B1 (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2020-04-22 | Karl Pühretmair | Transport container |
| WO2018119494A1 (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-05 | Derrouazi Mohammed | Container kit for constructing a building and method for constructing a building using such a container kit |
| TWI680222B (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2019-12-21 | 葉炳乾 | Movable house |
| CN108533002A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-09-14 | 广东金利安建材有限公司 | A kind of folding firmly people's container of novel fabricated |
| US11767667B2 (en) | 2019-06-02 | 2023-09-26 | Tradecraft Industries Llc | Modular dynamic building structure and method for configuring the same |
| PL129634U1 (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-05-30 | Laude Smart Intermodal Spółka Akcyjna | Container |
| US11248370B1 (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2022-02-15 | Jochen Hillje | Plumbing for prefab bathroom |
| CN113136960A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-07-20 | 北海职业学院 | Modular container combination formula green building |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2514623A1 (en) * | 1975-04-03 | 1976-10-14 | J E Lesser & Sons Deutschland | Transportable ground-adaptable home or building unit - has support feed extensible in steps for uneven surface |
| FR2442928A1 (en) * | 1978-08-04 | 1980-06-27 | Morel Jacques | PREFABRICATED BUILDING |
| FR2441703A1 (en) * | 1978-11-15 | 1980-06-13 | Mogurt Gepjarmu Kereskedelmi | Modular construction coach station etc. - has modified shipping containers used as building blocks |
| CH622571A5 (en) * | 1979-08-10 | 1981-04-15 | Marcello Checchi | Method for constructing prefabricated buildings |
| NL8104611A (en) * | 1981-10-09 | 1983-05-02 | Ruivenkamp J | TRANSPORTABLE HOLDER WITH PANELS FOR ASSEMBLING A HALL. |
| GB2146053A (en) * | 1983-09-07 | 1985-04-11 | Leach R E | Portable building |
| NL8304062A (en) * | 1983-11-25 | 1985-06-17 | Verburg G Ontwerp & Advies | PREFABRICATED BUILDING, LIKE A HOSPITAL. |
| GB8822561D0 (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1988-11-02 | Larsen P W | Prefabricated building kit |
-
1996
- 1996-03-21 TW TW086201050U patent/TW363646U/en unknown
- 1996-03-22 CA CA 2215704 patent/CA2215704A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-03-22 JP JP8528699A patent/JPH11502909A/en active Pending
- 1996-03-22 NZ NZ303106A patent/NZ303106A/en unknown
- 1996-03-22 CN CN 96193689 patent/CN1183128A/en active Pending
- 1996-03-22 WO PCT/AU1996/000155 patent/WO1996030601A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-03-22 EP EP96905607A patent/EP0817893A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-03-25 AR AR33590196A patent/AR001422A1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NZ303106A (en) | 1999-10-28 |
| CN1183128A (en) | 1998-05-27 |
| JPH11502909A (en) | 1999-03-09 |
| EP0817893A4 (en) | 1998-09-02 |
| TW363646U (en) | 1999-07-01 |
| EP0817893A1 (en) | 1998-01-14 |
| AR001422A1 (en) | 1997-10-22 |
| WO1996030601A1 (en) | 1996-10-03 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| FZDE | Dead |